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Varela T, Laizé V, Conceição N, Caldeira P, Marreiros A, Guerreiro H, Cancela ML. Expression of DUSP4 transcript variants as a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer. Biomark Med 2020; 14:639-650. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To provide novel data on the expression of DUSP4 transcripts in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and to explore their potential as biomarkers. Materials & methods: DUSP4 transcripts expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR in tissues from 28 CRC patients. Their association with clinicopathological factors and survival analysis was performed. Data from 380 CRC patients available at The Cancer Genome Atlas project were also analyzed. Results: All transcripts were overexpressed in CRC tissues. Variant X1 was the most upregulated and associated with KRAS mutations and poorly differentiated tumor. Overexpression of DUSP4 transcripts could distinguish all tumor stages from normal tissues. Similar results were found in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. Conclusion: DUSP4 transcripts have the potential to serve as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC, particularly variant X1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Varela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- PhD in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Natércia Conceição
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Centre, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Caldeira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Algarve’s University Hospital Centre, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Marreiros
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Centre, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Horácio Guerreiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Algarve’s University Hospital Centre, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Centre, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Angiotensin II-upregulated MAP kinase phosphatase-3 modulates FOXO1 and p21 in adrenocortical H295R cells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03519. [PMID: 32181392 PMCID: PMC7066232 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MAPK phosphatases (MKP) downregulate the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), such as ERK1/2, and modulate the processes regulated by these kinases. ERK1/2 participate in a wide range of processes including tissue-specific hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis. H295R cells are a suitable model for the study of human adrenal cortex functions, particularly steroid synthesis, and respond to angiotensin II (Ang II) triggering ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a transient fashion. MKP-3 dephosphorylates ERK1/2 and, as recently reported, forkhead box protein 1 (FOXO1). Here, we analyzed MKP-3 expression in H295R cells and its putative regulation by Ang II. Results showed the expression of MKP-3 full length (L) and a short splice variant (S), and the upregulation of both isoforms by Ang II. L and S messenger and protein levels increased 30 min after Ang II stimulation and declined over the next 3 h, a temporal frame compatible with ERK1/2 dephosphorylation. In addition, FOXO1 activation is known to include its dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of Ang II on FOXO1 modulation. Ang II induced FOXO1 transient phosphorylation and translocation and also the induction of p21, a FOXO1-dependent gene, whereas MKP-3 knock-down reduced both FOXO1 translocation and p21 induction. These data suggest that, through MKP-3, Ang II counteracts its own effects on ERK1/2 activity and also triggers the activation of FOXO-1 and the induction of cell cycle inhibitor p21. Taken together, the current findings reveal the participation of MKP-3 not only in turn–off but also in turn-on signals which control important cellular processes.
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Janssen WJ, Danhorn T, Harris C, Mould KJ, Lee FFY, Hedin BR, D'Alessandro A, Leach SM, Alper S. Inflammation-Induced Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing in Mouse Alveolar Macrophages. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:555-567. [PMID: 31810980 PMCID: PMC7003074 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages serve as central orchestrators of inflammatory responses in the lungs, both initiating their onset and promoting their resolution. However, the mechanisms that program macrophages for these dynamic responses are not fully understood. Over 95% of all mammalian genes undergo alternative pre-mRNA splicing. While alternative splicing has been shown to regulate inflammatory responses in macrophages in vitro, it has not been investigated on a genome-wide scale in vivo Here we used RNAseq to investigate alternative pre-mRNA splicing in alveolar macrophages isolated from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice during the peak of inflammation and during its resolution. We found that lung inflammation induced substantial alternative pre-mRNA splicing in alveolar macrophages. The number of changes in isoform usage was greatest at the peak of inflammation and involved multiple classes of alternative pre-mRNA splicing events. Comparative pathway analysis of inflammation-induced changes in alternative pre-mRNA splicing and differential gene expression revealed overlap of pathways enriched for immune responses such as chemokine signaling and cellular metabolism. Moreover, alternative pre-mRNA splicing of genes in metabolic pathways differed in tissue resident vs. recruited (blood monocyte-derived) alveolar macrophages and corresponded to changes in core metabolism, including a switch to Warburg-like metabolism in recruited macrophages with increased glycolysis and decreased flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Janssen
- Department of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | | | - Chelsea Harris
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, and
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Kara J Mould
- Department of Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Frank Fang-Yao Lee
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, and
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Brenna R Hedin
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, and
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Sonia M Leach
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, and
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206
| | - Scott Alper
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, and
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045
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4
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Regulation of Dual-Specificity Phosphatase (DUSP) Ubiquitination and Protein Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112668. [PMID: 31151270 PMCID: PMC6600639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key regulators of signal transduction and cell responses. Abnormalities in MAPKs are associated with multiple diseases. Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) dephosphorylate many key signaling molecules, including MAPKs, leading to the regulation of duration, magnitude, or spatiotemporal profiles of MAPK activities. Hence, DUSPs need to be properly controlled. Protein post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, methylation, and acetylation, play important roles in the regulation of protein stability and activity. Ubiquitination is critical for controlling protein degradation, activation, and interaction. For DUSPs, ubiquitination induces degradation of eight DUSPs, namely, DUSP1, DUSP4, DUSP5, DUSP6, DUSP7, DUSP8, DUSP9, and DUSP16. In addition, protein stability of DUSP2 and DUSP10 is enhanced by phosphorylation. Methylation-induced ubiquitination of DUSP14 stimulates its phosphatase activity. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of the regulation of DUSP stability and ubiquitination through post-translational modifications.
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Yun D, Zhuang Y, Kreutz MR, Behnisch T. The role of 19S proteasome associated deubiquitinases in activity-dependent hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:354-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ríos P, Nunes-Xavier CE, Tabernero L, Köhn M, Pulido R. Dual-specificity phosphatases as molecular targets for inhibition in human disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2251-73. [PMID: 24206177 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) constitute a heterogeneous group of cysteine-based protein tyrosine phosphatases, whose members exert a pivotal role in cell physiology by dephosphorylation of phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, and phosphotyrosine residues from proteins, as well as other non-proteinaceous substrates. RECENT ADVANCES A picture is emerging in which a selected group of DUSP enzymes display overexpression or hyperactivity that is associated with human disease, especially human cancer, making feasible targeted therapy approaches based on their inhibition. A panoply of molecular and functional studies on DUSPs have been performed in the previous years, and drug-discovery efforts are ongoing to develop specific and efficient DUSP enzyme inhibitors. This review summarizes the current status on inhibitory compounds targeting DUSPs that belong to the MAP kinase phosphatases-, small-sized atypical-, and phosphatases of regenerating liver subfamilies, whose inhibition could be beneficial for the prevention or mitigation of human disease. CRITICAL ISSUES Achieving specificity, potency, and bioavailability are the major challenges in the discovery of DUSP inhibitors for the clinics. Clinical validation of compounds or alternative inhibitory strategies of DUSP inhibition has yet to come. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further work is required to understand the dual role of many DUSPs in human cancer, their function-structure properties, and to identify their physiologic substrates. This will help in the implementation of therapies based on DUSPs inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ríos
- 1 Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory , Heidelberg, Germany
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Ren X, Du H, Li Y, Yao X, Huang J, Li Z, Wang W, Li J, Han S, Wang C, Huang K. Age-related activation of MKK/p38/NF-κB signaling pathway in lung: from mouse to human. Exp Gerontol 2014; 57:29-40. [PMID: 24802989 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We and others previously reported that the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 significantly accumulate with age in mouse lung. This is accompanied by elevated phosphorylation of p38. Here, we further investigate whether aging affects activation of p38 signaling and the inflammatory reaction after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the lungs of mice in vivo and humans ex vivo. The data showed that activation of p38 peaked at 0.5h and then rapidly declined in young (2-month-old) mouse lung, after intranasal inhalation challenge with LPS. In contract, activation of p38 peaked at 24h and was sustained longer in aged (20-month-old) mice. As well as altered p38, activations of its upstream activator MKK and downstream substrate NF-κB were also changed in the lungs of aged mice, which corresponded with the absence in the early phase but delayed increases in concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Consistent with the above observations in mice, similar patterns of p38 signaling also occurred in human lungs. Compared with younger lungs from adult-middle aged subjects, the activation of p38, MKK and NF-κB, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly increased in the lungs of older subjects ex vivo. Exposure of human lung cells to LPS induced rapid activation of p38, MKK and NF-κB in these cells from adult-middle aged subjects, but not older subjects, with increases in the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. The LPS-induced rapid activation in the lung cells from adult-middle aged subjects occurred as early as 0.25h after exposure, and then declined. Compared with adult-middle aged subjects, the LPS exposure did not induce marked changes in the early phase, either in the activation of p38, MKK and NF-κB, or in the production of TNF-α, IL-1β or IL-6 in the lung cells from older subjects. In contrast, these changes occurred relatively late, peaked at 16h and were sustained longer in the lungs of older subjects. These data support the hypothesis that the sustained activation of the p38 signaling pathway at baseline and the absence in the early phase but delayed of p38 signaling pathway response to LPS in the elderly may play important roles in increased susceptibility of aged lungs to inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Huadong Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Junmin Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Zongli Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junfa Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Kewu Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China; Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing 100020, PR China.
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Echavarria R, Hussain SNA. Regulation of angiopoietin-1/Tie-2 receptor signaling in endothelial cells by dual-specificity phosphatases 1, 4, and 5. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000571. [PMID: 24308939 PMCID: PMC3886752 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Angiopoietin‐1 (Ang‐1) promotes survival and migration of endothelial cells, in part through the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways downstream of Tie‐2 receptors. Dual‐specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) dephosphorylate phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine/phosphothreonine residues on target MAPKs. The mechanisms by which DUSPs modulate MAPK activation in Ang‐1/Tie‐2 receptor signaling are unknown in endothelial cells. Methods and Results Expression of various DUSPs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to Ang‐1 was measured. The functional roles of DUSPs in Ang‐1‐induced regulation of MAPK activation, endothelial cell survival, migration, differentiation, and permeability were measured using selective siRNA oligos. Ang‐1 differentially induces DUSP1, DUSP4, and DUSP5 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through activation of the PI‐3 kinase, ERK1/2, p38, and SAPK/JNK pathways. Lack‐of‐function siRNA screening revealed that DUSP1 preferentially dephosphorylates p38 protein and is involved in Ang‐1‐induced cell migration and differentiation. DUSP4 preferentially dephosphorylates ERK1/2, p38, and SAPK/JNK proteins and, under conditions of serum deprivation, is involved in Ang‐1‐induced cell migration, several antiapoptotic effects, and differentiation. DUSP5 preferentially dephosphorylates ERK1/2 proteins and is involved in cell survival and inhibition of permeability. Conclusions DUSP1, DUSP4, and DUSP5 differentially modulate MAPK signaling pathways downstream of Tie‐2 receptors, thus highlighting the importance of these phosphatases to Ang‐1‐induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Echavarria
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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De Vriendt V, De Roock W, Di Narzo AF, Tian S, Biesmans B, Jacobs B, Budinska E, Sagaert X, Rossi S, D’Ario G, Delorenzi M, Simon I, Vecchione L, Tejpar S. DUSP 4 expression identifies a subset of colorectal cancer tumors that differ in MAPK activation, regardless of the genotype. Biomarkers 2013; 18:516-24. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2013.819038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Saigusa S, Inoue Y, Tanaka K, Toiyama Y, Okugawa Y, Shimura T, Hiro J, Uchida K, Mohri Y, Kusunoki M. Decreased expression of DUSP4 is associated with liver and lung metastases in colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2013; 30:620. [PMID: 23749251 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4), a negative regulator of extracellular-regulated kinase activity, is a potential mediator of resistance to chemotherapy and a tumor suppressor. The aim of this study is to clarify the association between DUSP4 gene expression and clinical outcome in patients with colorectal cancer. Patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer were enrolled in this study (n = 212). We investigated DUSP4 gene expression by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in colorectal cancer tissue and paired normal mucosa. Immunohistochemical analyses of DUSP4 and ERK1/2 were also conducted. Additionally, we examined the relationship between gene expression and KRAS mutation in 74 of the 212 patients. DUSP4 expression in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in matched normal mucosa (P < 0.0001). Decreased DUSP4 expression was significantly associated with advanced T classification, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, advanced stage, and liver and lung metastases. Logistic regression analysis revealed that decreased DUSP4 expression was an independent risk factor for synchronous distant metastases (P = 0.006). Increased DUSP4 expression was significantly associated with better prognosis (P = 0.0162). Immunohistochemical examination showed DUSP4 expression in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cancer cells, and no correlation was observed between DUSP4 and ERK1/2 expression. There was no significant correlation between DUSP4 expression and KRAS mutation. In conclusion, DUSP4 expression in colorectal cancer was negatively correlated with factors reflecting tumor progression, including distant metastases. Our data suggest that DUSP4 may act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Saigusa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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Gröschl B, Bettstetter M, Giedl C, Woenckhaus M, Edmonston T, Hofstädter F, Dietmaier W. Expression of the MAP kinase phosphatase DUSP4 is associated with microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer (CRC) and causes increased cell proliferation. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1537-46. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Balko JM, Cook RS, Vaught DB, Kuba MG, Miller TW, Bhola NE, Sanders ME, Granja-Ingram NM, Smith JJ, Meszoely IM, Salter J, Dowsett M, Stemke-Hale K, González-Angulo AM, Mills GB, Pinto JA, Gómez HL, Arteaga CL. Profiling of residual breast cancers after neoadjuvant chemotherapy identifies DUSP4 deficiency as a mechanism of drug resistance. Nat Med 2012; 18:1052-9. [PMID: 22683778 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) induces a pathological complete response (pCR) in ~30% of patients with breast cancer. However, many patients have residual cancer after chemotherapy, which correlates with a higher risk of metastatic recurrence and poorer outcome than those who achieve a pCR. We hypothesized that molecular profiling of tumors after NAC would identify genes associated with drug resistance. Digital transcript counting was used to profile surgically resected breast cancers after NAC. Low concentrations of dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4), an ERK phosphatase, correlated with high post-NAC tumor cell proliferation and with basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) status. BLBC had higher DUSP4 promoter methylation and gene expression patterns of Ras-ERK pathway activation relative to other breast cancer subtypes. DUSP4 overexpression increased chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, whereas DUSP4 depletion dampened the response to chemotherapy. Reduced DUSP4 expression in primary tumors after NAC was associated with treatment-refractory high Ki-67 scores and shorter recurrence-free survival. Finally, inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) synergized with docetaxel treatment in BLBC xenografts. Thus, DUSP4 downregulation activates the Ras-ERK pathway in BLBC, resulting in an attenuated response to anti-cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Balko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Abstract
The MKPs (mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases) are a family of at least ten DUSPs (dual-specificity phosphatases) which function to terminate the activity of the MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases). Several members have already been demonstrated to have distinct roles in immune function, cancer, fetal development and metabolic disorders. One DUSP of renewed interest is the inducible nuclear phosphatase MKP-2, which dephosphorylates both ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) in vitro. Recently, the understanding of MKP-2 function has been advanced due to the development of mouse knockout models, which has resulted in the discovery of novel roles for MKP-2 in the regulation of sepsis, infection and cell-cycle progression that are distinct from those of other DUSPs. However, many functions for MKP-2 still await to be characterized.
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Lawan A, Al-Harthi S, Cadalbert L, McCluskey AG, Shweash M, Grassia G, Grant A, Boyd M, Currie S, Plevin R. Deletion of the dual specific phosphatase-4 (DUSP-4) gene reveals an essential non-redundant role for MAP kinase phosphatase-2 (MKP-2) in proliferation and cell survival. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:12933-43. [PMID: 21317287 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.181370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-2 (MKP-2) is a type 1 nuclear dual specific phosphatase (DUSP) implicated in a number of cancers. We examined the role of MKP-2 in the regulation of MAP kinase phosphorylation, cell proliferation, and survival responses in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from a novel MKP-2 (DUSP-4) deletion mouse. We show that serum and PDGF induced ERK-dependent MKP-2 expression in wild type MEFs but not in MKP-2(-/-) MEFs. PDGF stimulation of sustained ERK phosphorylation was enhanced in MKP-2(-/-) MEFs, whereas anisomycin-induced JNK was only marginally increased. However, marked effects upon cell growth parameters were observed. Cellular proliferation rates were significantly reduced in MKP-2(-/-) MEFs and associated with a significant increase in cell doubling time. Infection with adenoviral MKP-2 reversed the decrease in proliferation. Cell cycle analysis revealed a block in G(2)/M phase transition associated with cyclin B accumulation and enhanced cdc2 phosphorylation. MEFs from MKP-2(-/-) mice also showed enhanced apoptosis when stimulated with anisomycin correlated with increased caspase-3 cleavage and γH2AX phosphorylation. Increased apoptosis was reversed by adenoviral MKP-2 infection and correlated with selective inhibition of JNK signaling. Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time a critical non-redundant role for MKP-2 in regulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lawan
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United Kingdom
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