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Li L, Xi HM, Lu H, Cai X. Combination of Ethacrynic Acid and ATRA Triggers Differentiation and/or Apoptosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells through ROS. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:412-422. [PMID: 38204257 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206273000231211092743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an effective differentiation inducer, has been applied clinically to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Unfortunately, it is not as potent in other kinds of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Ethacrynic acid (EA), a classical powerful diuretic, can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, which can assist ATRA in inducing differentiation in AML cells. Here, we investigated the effect of EA combined with ATRA (EA+RA) on some AML cells except APL. METHODS Apoptosis and differentiation were determined by morphology, cell viability, Annexin-V assay and CD11c expression. Western blot analysis and the detection of ROS and mitochondrial transmembrane potentials (MMP) were used to investigate the mechanisms. RESULTS AML cells exhibited differentiation and/or apoptosis after EA+RA treatment. EA+RA increased the intracellular ROS contents. EA+RA-induced apoptosis was accompanied by MMP attenuation and caspase-3/7 activation. EA+RA-induced differentiation was along with MEK/ERK and Akt activation and increased expression of PU.1, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and C/EBPε. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, thoroughly reduced EA+RA-increased ROS, and also inhibited MMP attenuation, the activation of caspase- 3/7, MEK/ERK and Akt pathways, the elevation of PU.1 and C/EBPs, and apoptosis and differentiation. However, MEK or PI3K specific inhibitors only suppressed EA+RA-triggered differentiation and the elevation of PU.1 and C/EBPs, but not ROS levels. CONCLUSION EA+RA induced cell apoptosis through ROS dependent MMP attenuation and caspase 3/7 activation while inducing differentiation by ROS-MEK/ERK-PU.1/C/EBPs and ROS-Akt-PU.1/C/EBPs pathways. In summary, it may provide innovative ATRA-based combination therapy strategies for AML patients via ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hui-Min Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Ohm AM, Affandi T, Reisz JA, Caino MC, D'Alessandro A, Reyland ME. Metabolic reprogramming contributes to radioprotection by protein kinase Cδ. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105186. [PMID: 37611829 PMCID: PMC10519828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) activity renders cells resistant to DNA damaging agents, including irradiation; however, the mechanism(s) underlying resistance is poorly understood. Here, we have asked if metabolic reprogramming by PKCδ contributes to radioprotection. Analysis of global metabolomics showed that depletion of PKCδ affects metabolic pathways that control energy production and antioxidant, nucleotide, and amino acid biosynthesis. Increased NADPH and nucleotide production in PKCδ-depleted cells is associated with upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) as evidenced by increased activation of G6PD and an increase in the nucleotide precursor, 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate. Stable isotope tracing with U-[13C6] glucose showed reduced utilization of glucose for glycolysis in PKCδ-depleted cells and no increase in U-[13C6] glucose incorporation into purines or pyrimidines. In contrast, isotope tracing with [13C5, 15N2] glutamine showed increased utilization of glutamine for synthesis of nucleotides, glutathione, and tricarboxylic acid intermediates and increased incorporation of labeled glutamine into pyruvate and lactate. Using a glycolytic rate assay, we confirmed that anaerobic glycolysis is increased in PKCδ-depleted cells; this was accompanied by a reduction in oxidative phosphorylation, as assayed using a mitochondrial stress assay. Importantly, pretreatment of cells with specific inhibitors of the PPP or glutaminase prior to irradiation reversed radioprotection in PKCδ-depleted cells, indicating that these cells have acquired codependency on the PPP and glutamine for survival. Our studies demonstrate that metabolic reprogramming to increase utilization of glutamine and nucleotide synthesis contributes to radioprotection in the context of PKCδ inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Ohm
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Trisiani Affandi
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - M Cecilia Caino
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mary E Reyland
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Urrutia PJ, González-Billault C. A Role for Second Messengers in Axodendritic Neuronal Polarity. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2037-2052. [PMID: 36948585 PMCID: PMC10039749 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1065-19.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal polarization is a complex molecular process regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Nerve cells integrate multiple extracellular cues to generate intracellular messengers that ultimately control cell morphology, metabolism, and gene expression. Therefore, second messengers' local concentration and temporal regulation are crucial elements for acquiring a polarized morphology in neurons. This review article summarizes the main findings and current understanding of how Ca2+, IP3, cAMP, cGMP, and hydrogen peroxide control different aspects of neuronal polarization, and highlights questions that still need to be resolved to fully understand the fascinating cellular processes involved in axodendritic polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Urrutia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 7800003
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile 7510157
| | - Christian González-Billault
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 7800003
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 8380453
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile 7800003
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945
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Sobrido-Cameán D, Oswald MCW, Bailey DMD, Mukherjee A, Landgraf M. Activity-regulated growth of motoneurons at the neuromuscular junction is mediated by NADPH oxidases. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1106593. [PMID: 36713781 PMCID: PMC9880070 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1106593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons respond to changes in the levels of activity they experience in a variety of ways, including structural changes at pre- and postsynaptic terminals. An essential plasticity signal required for such activity-regulated structural adjustments are reactive oxygen species (ROS). To identify sources of activity-regulated ROS required for structural plasticity in vivo we used the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction as a highly tractable experimental model system. For adjustments of presynaptic motor terminals, we found a requirement for both NADPH oxidases, Nox and dual oxidase (Duox), that are encoded in the Drosophila genome. This contrasts with the postsynaptic dendrites from which Nox is excluded. NADPH oxidases generate ROS to the extracellular space. Here, we show that two aquaporins, Bib and Drip, are necessary ROS conduits in the presynaptic motoneuron for activity regulated, NADPH oxidase dependent changes in presynaptic motoneuron terminal growth. Our data further suggest that different aspects of neuronal activity-regulated structural changes might be regulated by different ROS sources: changes in bouton number require both NADPH oxidases, while activity-regulated changes in the number of active zones might be modulated by other sources of ROS. Overall, our results show NADPH oxidases as important enzymes for mediating activity-regulated plasticity adjustments in neurons.
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Loots DT, Adeniji AA, Van Reenen M, Ozturk M, Brombacher F, Parihar SP. The metabolomics of a protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) knock-out mouse model. Metabolomics 2022; 18:92. [PMID: 36371785 PMCID: PMC9660189 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PKCδ is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells and its dysregulation plays a key role in the onset of several incurable diseases and metabolic disorders. However, much remains unknown about the metabolic pathways and disturbances induced by PKC deficiency, as well as the metabolic mechanisms involved. OBJECTIVES This study aims to use metabolomics to further characterize the function of PKC from a metabolomics standpoint, by comparing the full serum metabolic profiles of PKC deficient mice to those of wild-type mice. METHODS The serum metabolomes of PKCδ knock-out mice were compared to that of a wild-type strain using a GCxGC-TOFMS metabolomics research approach and various univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. RESULTS Thirty-seven serum metabolite markers best describing the difference between PKCδ knock-out and wild-type mice were identified based on a PCA power value > 0.9, a t-test p-value < 0.05, or an effect size > 1. XERp prediction was also done to accurately select the metabolite markers within the 2 sample groups. Of the metabolite markers identified, 78.4% (29/37) were elevated and 48.65% of these markers were fatty acids (18/37). It is clear that a total loss of PKCδ functionality results in an inhibition of glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and steroid synthesis, accompanied by upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acids oxidation, cholesterol transport/storage, single carbon and sulphur-containing amino acid synthesis, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), ketogenesis, and an increased cell signalling via N-acetylglucosamine. CONCLUSION The charaterization of the dysregulated serum metabolites in this study, may represent an additional tool for the early detection and screening of PKCδ-deficiencies or abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Hoffman Street, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | | | - Mari Van Reenen
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Hoffman Street, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mumin Ozturk
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Hoffman Street, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Hoffman Street, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Suraj P Parihar
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Hoffman Street, 2531, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town-Component, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Hormesis and Oxidative Distress: Pathophysiology of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Open Question of Antioxidant Modulation and Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081613. [PMID: 36009331 PMCID: PMC9405171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of redox homeostasis leads to a condition of resilience known as hormesis that is due to the activation of redox-sensitive pathways stimulating cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Instead, supraphysiological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds antioxidant defence and leads to oxidative distress. This condition induces damage to biomolecules and is responsible or co-responsible for the onset of several chronic pathologies. Thus, a dietary antioxidant supplementation has been proposed in order to prevent aging, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases as well as carcinogenesis. However, this approach has failed to demonstrate efficacy, often leading to harmful side effects, in particular in patients affected by cancer. In this latter case, an approach based on endogenous antioxidant depletion, leading to ROS overproduction, has shown an interesting potential for enhancing susceptibility of patients to anticancer therapies. Therefore, a deep investigation of molecular pathways involved in redox balance is crucial in order to identify new molecular targets useful for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches. The review herein provides an overview of the pathophysiological role of ROS and focuses the attention on positive and negative aspects of antioxidant modulation with the intent to find new insights for a successful clinical application.
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Vernazza S, Tirendi S, Passalacqua M, Piacente F, Scarfì S, Oddone F, Bassi AM. An Innovative In Vitro Open-Angle Glaucoma Model (IVOM) Shows Changes Induced by Increased Ocular Pressure and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212129. [PMID: 34830007 PMCID: PMC8622817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is a neurodegenerative disease, and its clinical outcomes lead to visual field constriction and blindness. POAG's etiology is very complex and its pathogenesis is mainly explained through both mechanical and vascular theories. The trabecular meshwork (TM), the most sensitive tissue of the eye anterior segment to oxidative stress (OS), is the main tissue involved in early-stage POAG, characterized by an increase in pressure. Preclinical assessments of neuroprotective drugs on animal models have not always shown correspondence with human clinical studies. In addition, intra-ocular pressure management after a glaucoma diagnosis does not always prevent blindness. Recently, we have been developing an innovative in vitro 3Dadvanced human trabecular cell model on a millifluidicplatform as a tool to improve glaucoma studies. Herein, we analyze the effects of prolonged increased pressure alone and, in association with OS, on such in vitro platform. Moreover, we verify whethersuch damaged TM triggers apoptosis on neuron-like cells. The preliminary results show that TM cells are less sensitive to pressure elevation than OS, and OS-damaging effects were worsened by the pressure increase. The stressed TM releases harmful signals, which increase apoptosis stimuli on neuron-like cells, suggesting its pivotal role in the glaucoma cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Vernazza
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.V.); (S.T.); (F.P.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Sara Tirendi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.V.); (S.T.); (F.P.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.V.); (S.T.); (F.P.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.V.); (S.T.); (F.P.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.V.); (S.T.); (F.P.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy;
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Dennis AG, Almaguer-Mederos LE, Raúl RA, Roberto RL, Luis VP, Dany CA, Yanetza GZ, Yaimeé VM, Annelié ED, Arnoy PA, Reydenis TV. Redox Imbalance Associates with Clinical Worsening in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9875639. [PMID: 33688396 PMCID: PMC7920744 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9875639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a neurodegenerative disease presenting with redox imbalance. However, the nature and implications of redox imbalance in SCA2 physiopathology have not been fully understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the redox imbalance and its association with disease severity in SCA2 mutation carriers. METHODS A case-control study was conducted involving molecularly confirmed SCA2 patients, presymptomatic individuals, and healthy controls. Several antioxidant parameters were assessed, including serum thiol concentration and the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase enzymatic activities. Also, several prooxidant parameters were evaluated, including thiobarbituric acid-reactive species and protein carbonyl concentrations. Damage, protective, and OXY scores were computed. Clinical correlates were established. RESULTS Significant differences were found between comparison groups for redox markers, including protein carbonyl concentration (F = 3.30; p = 0.041), glutathione S-transferase activity (F = 4.88; p = 0.009), and damage (F = 3.20; p = 0.045), protection (F = 12.75; p < 0.001), and OXY (F = 7.29; p = 0.001) scores. Protein carbonyl concentration was positively correlated with CAG repeat length (r = 0.27; p = 0.022), while both protein carbonyl concentration (r = -0.27; p = 0.018) and OXY score (r = -0.25; p = 0.013) were inversely correlated to the disease duration. Increasing levels of antioxidants and decreasing levels of prooxidant parameters were associated with clinical worsening. CONCLUSIONS There is a disruption of redox balance in SCA2 mutation carriers which depends on the disease stage. Besides, redox changes associate with markers of disease severity, suggesting a link between disruption of redox balance and SCA2 physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almaguer-Gotay Dennis
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - Luis E. Almaguer-Mederos
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - Rodríguez-Aguilera Raúl
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | | | - Velázquez-Pérez Luis
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- Cuban Academy of Sciences, Cuba
| | - Cuello-Almarales Dany
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - González-Zaldívar Yanetza
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - Vázquez-Mojena Yaimeé
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
| | | | - Peña-Acosta Arnoy
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
| | - Torres-Vega Reydenis
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
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Vitamin C Recycling Regulates Neurite Growth in Neurospheres Differentiated In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121276. [PMID: 33327638 PMCID: PMC7765149 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduced form of vitamin C, ascorbic acid (AA), has been related with gene expression and cell differentiation in the cerebral cortex. In neurons, AA is mainly oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid (DHA); however, DHA cannot accumulate intracellularly because it induces metabolic changes and cell death. In this context, it has been proposed that vitamin C recycling via neuron–astrocyte coupling maintains AA levels and prevents DHA parenchymal accumulation. To date, the role of this mechanism during the outgrowth of neurites is unknown. To stimulate neuronal differentiation, adhered neurospheres treated with AA and retinoic acid (RA) were used. Neuritic growth was analyzed by confocal microscopy, and the effect of vitamin C recycling (bystander effect) in vitro was studied using different cells. AA stimulates neuritic growth more efficiently than RA. However, AA is oxidized to DHA in long incubation periods, generating a loss in the formation of neurites. Surprisingly, neurite growth is maintained over time following co-incubation of neurospheres with cells that efficiently capture DHA. In this sense, astrocytes have high capacity to recycle DHA and stimulate the maintenance of neurites. We demonstrated that vitamin C recycling in vitro regulates the morphology of immature neurons during the differentiation and maturation processes.
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Consales C, Butera A, Merla C, Pasquali E, Lopresto V, Pinto R, Pierdomenico M, Mancuso M, Marino C, Benassi B. Exposure of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells to 50-Hz Magnetic Field: Comparison Between Two-Dimensional (2D) and Three-Dimensional (3D) In Vitro Cultures. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1634-1649. [PMID: 33230715 PMCID: PMC7932966 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We here characterize the response to the extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic field (MF, 50 Hz, 1 mT) of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, cultured in a three-dimensional (3D) Alvetex® scaffold compared to conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayers. We proved that the growing phenotype of proliferating SH-SY5Y cells is not affected by the culturing conditions, as morphology, cell cycle distribution, proliferation/differentiation gene expression of 3D-cultures overlap what reported in 2D plates. In response to 72-h exposure to 50-Hz MF, we demonstrated that no proliferation change and apoptosis activation occur in both 2D and 3D cultures. Consistently, no modulation of Ki67, MYCN, CCDN1, and Nestin, of invasiveness and neo-angiogenesis-controlling genes (HIF-1α, VEGF, and PDGF) and of microRNA epigenetic signature (miR-21-5p, miR-222-3p and miR-133b) is driven by ELF exposure. Conversely, intracellular glutathione content and SOD1 expression are exclusively impaired in 3D-culture cells in response to the MF, whereas no change of such redox modulators is observed in SH-SY5Y cells if grown on 2D monolayers. Moreover, ELF-MF synergizes with the differentiating agents to stimulate neuroblastoma differentiation into a dopaminergic (DA) phenotype in the 3D-scaffold culture only, as growth arrest and induction of p21, TH, DAT, and GAP43 are reported in ELF-exposed SH-SY5Y cells exclusively if grown on 3D scaffolds. As overall, our findings prove that 3D culture is a more reliable experimental model for studying SH-SY5Y response to ELF-MF if compared to 2D conventional monolayer, and put the bases for promoting 3D systems in future studies addressing the interaction between electromagnetic fields and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Consales
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Butera
- Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Merla
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pasquali
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Vanni Lopresto
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Pinto
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pierdomenico
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Marino
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Benassi
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Casaccia Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.
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Mechanisms of the Regulation and Dysregulation of Glucagon Secretion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3089139. [PMID: 32774668 PMCID: PMC7396046 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3089139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon, a hormone secreted by pancreatic alpha cells, contributes to the maintenance of normal blood glucose concentration by inducing hepatic glucose production in response to declining blood glucose. However, glucagon hypersecretion contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, diabetes is associated with relative glucagon undersecretion at low blood glucose and oversecretion at normal and high blood glucose. The mechanisms of such alpha cell dysfunctions are not well understood. This article reviews the genesis of alpha cell dysfunctions during the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and after the onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It unravels a signaling pathway that contributes to glucose- or hydrogen peroxide-induced glucagon secretion, whose overstimulation contributes to glucagon dysregulation, partly through oxidative stress and reduced ATP synthesis. The signaling pathway involves phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, protein kinase B, protein kinase C delta, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src, and phospholipase C gamma-1. This knowledge will be useful in the design of new antidiabetic agents or regimens.
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12
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Terzi A, Suter DM. The role of NADPH oxidases in neuronal development. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 154:33-47. [PMID: 32370993 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and function when produced in physiological ranges. Important sources of cellular ROS include NADPH oxidases (Nox), which are evolutionary conserved multi-subunit transmembrane proteins. Nox-mediated ROS regulate variety of biological processes including hormone synthesis, calcium signaling, cell migration, and immunity. ROS participate in intracellular signaling by introducing post-translational modifications to proteins and thereby altering their functions. The central nervous system (CNS) expresses different Nox isoforms during both development and adulthood. Here, we review the role of Nox-mediated ROS during CNS development. Specifically, we focus on how individual Nox isoforms contribute to signaling in neural stem cell maintenance and neuronal differentiation, as well as neurite outgrowth and guidance. We also discuss how ROS regulates the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in the neuronal growth cone. Finally, we review recent evidence that Nox-derived ROS modulate axonal regeneration upon nervous system injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Terzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Daniel M Suter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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13
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Brenig K, Grube L, Schwarzländer M, Köhrer K, Stühler K, Poschmann G. The Proteomic Landscape of Cysteine Oxidation That Underpins Retinoic Acid-Induced Neuronal Differentiation. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1923-1940. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Brenig
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonie Grube
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute for Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Plant Energy Biology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Genomics & Transcriptomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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14
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Crestini A, Vona R, Lo Giudice M, Sbriccoli M, Piscopo P, Borrelli A, Rivabene R, Ricceri L, Mancini A, Confaloni A. Differentiation-Dependent Effects of a New Recombinant Manganese Superoxide Dismutase on Human SK-N-BE Neuron-Like Cells. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:400-411. [PMID: 30471001 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have recently isolated a new isoform of recombinant manganese superoxide dismutase (rMnSOD) which provides a potent antitumor activity and strongly counteracts the occurrence of oxidative stress and tissue inflammation. This isoform, in addition to the enzymatic action common to all SODs, also shows special functional and structural properties, essentially due to the presence of a first leader peptide that allows the protein to enter easily into cells. Among endogenous antioxidants, SOD constitutes the first line of natural defence against pathological effects induced by an excess of free radicals. Here, we firstly describe the effects of our rMnSOD administration on the proliferant and malignant undifferentiated human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE cell line. Moreover, we also test the effects of rMnSOD in the all trans retinoic-differentiated SK-N-BE neuron-like cells, a quiescent "not malignant" model. While rMnSOD showed an antitumor activity on proliferating cells, a poor sensitivity to rMnSOD overload in retinoid-differentiated neuron-like cells was observed. However, in the latter case, in presence of experimental-induced oxidative stress, overcharge of rMnSOD enhanced the oxidant effects, through an increase of H2O2 due to low activity of both catalase and glutathione peroxidase. In conclusion, our data show that rMnSOD treatment exerts differential effects, which depend upon both cell differentiation and redox balance, addressing attention to the potential use of the recombinant enzyme on differentiated neurons. These facts ultimately pave the way for further preclinical studies aimed at evaluation of rMnSOD effects in models of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Crestini
- Department of Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Vona
- Biomarkers Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Lo Giudice
- Department of Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Sbriccoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Piscopo
- Department of Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Borrelli
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Rivabene
- Department of Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ricceri
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Mancini
- Leadhexa Biotechnologies Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annamaria Confaloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Choi SA, Kim YH, Park YH, Yang HJ, Jeong PS, Cha JJ, Yoon SB, Kim JS, Song BS, Lee JH, Sim BW, Huh JW, Song IS, Lee SR, Kim MK, Kim JM, Bae YS, Imakawa K, Kim SU, Chang KT. Novel crosstalk between Vps26a and Nox4 signaling during neurogenesis. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1582-1599. [PMID: 30464227 PMCID: PMC6748115 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on the molecular switches governing the conversion of stemness to differentiation in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), little is known about the involvement of the retromer complex. Under neural differentiation conditions, Vps26a deficiency (Vps26a-/-) or knockdown suppressed the loss of stemness and subsequent neurogenesis from ESCs or embryonic carcinoma cells, respectively, as evidenced by the long-lasting expression of stemness markers and the slow appearance of neuronal differentiation markers. Interestingly, relatively low reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were generated during differentiation of Vps26a-/- ESCs, and treatment with an antioxidant or inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (Nox), a family of ROS-generating enzymes, led to restoration of stemness in wild-type cells to the level of Vps26a-/- cells during neurogenesis. Importantly, a novel interaction between Vps26a and Nox4 linked to the activation of ERK1/2 depended highly on ROS levels during neurogenesis, which were strongly suppressed in differentiating Vps26a-/- ESCs. Moreover, inhibition of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) resulted in decreased ROS and Nox4 levels, indicating the mutual dependency between pERK1/2 and Nox4-derived ROS during neurogenesis. These results suggest that Vps26a regulates stemness by actively cooperating with the Nox4/ROS/ERK1/2 cascade during neurogenesis. Our findings have important implications for understanding the regulation of stemness via crosstalk between the retromer molecule and redox signaling, and may contribute to the development of ESC-based therapeutic strategies for the mass production of target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-A Choi
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Physiology, Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jun Yang
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Soo Jeong
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Cha
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Bin Yoon
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Seok Song
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Woong Sim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sung Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Physiology, Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Soo Bae
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki, 319-0206, Japan.,Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Tokai University, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea. .,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Jänsch N, Meyners C, Muth M, Kopranovic A, Witt O, Oehme I, Meyer-Almes FJ. The enzyme activity of histone deacetylase 8 is modulated by a redox-switch. Redox Biol 2018; 20:60-67. [PMID: 30292946 PMCID: PMC6174833 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes from the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family are highly regulated by different mechanisms. However, only very limited knowledge exists about the regulation of HDAC8, an established target in multiple types of cancer. A previous dedicated study of HDAC class I enzymes identified no redox-sensitive cysteinyl thiol in HDAC8. This is in contrast to the observation that HDAC8 preparations show different enzyme activities depending on the addition of reducing agents. In the light of the importance of HDAC8 in tumorigenesis a possible regulation by redox signaling was investigated using biochemical and biophysical methods combined with site directed mutagenesis. The occurrence of a characteristic disulfide bond under oxidizing conditions is associated with a complete but reversible loss of enzyme activity. Cysteines 102 and 153 are the integral components of the redox-switch. A possible regulation of HDAC8 by redox signal transduction is suggested by the observed relationship between inhibition of reactive oxygen species generating NOX and concomitant increased HDAC8 activity in neuroblastoma tumor cells. The slow kinetics for direct oxidation of HDAC8 by hydrogen peroxide suggests that transmitters of oxidative equivalents are required to transfer the H2O2 signal to HDAC8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Jänsch
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marius Muth
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Kopranovic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Preclinical Program, Hopp Children's Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Ina Oehme
- Preclinical Program, Hopp Children's Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany.
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17
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Numerous studies have demonstrated the actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as regulators of several physiological processes. In this study, we discuss how redox signaling mechanisms operate to control different processes such as neuronal differentiation, oligodendrocyte differentiation, dendritic growth, and axonal growth. Recent Advances: Redox homeostasis regulates the physiology of neural stem cells (NSCs). Notably, the neuronal differentiation process of NSCs is determined by a change toward oxidative metabolism, increased levels of mitochondrial ROS, increased activity of NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes, decreased levels of Nrf2, and differential regulation of different redoxins. Furthermore, during the neuronal maturation processes, NOX and MICAL produce ROS to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, which control the dendritic and axonal growth, as well as the axonal guidance. CRITICAL ISSUES The redox homeostasis changes are, in part, attributed to cell metabolism and compartmentalized production of ROS, which is regulated, sensed, and transduced by different molecules such as thioredoxins, glutaredoxins, peroxiredoxins, and nucleoredoxin to control different signaling pathways in different subcellular regions. The study of how these elements cooperatively act is essential for the understanding of nervous system development, as well as the application of regenerative therapies that recapitulate these processes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The information about these topics in the last two decades leads us to the conclusion that the role of ROS signaling in development of the nervous system is more important than it was previously believed and makes clear the importance of exploring in more detail the mechanisms of redox signaling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1603-1625.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Olguín-Albuerne
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julio Morán
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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18
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Piras S, Furfaro AL, Caggiano R, Brondolo L, Garibaldi S, Ivaldo C, Marinari UM, Pronzato MA, Faraonio R, Nitti M. microRNA-494 Favors HO-1 Expression in Neuroblastoma Cells Exposed to Oxidative Stress in a Bach1-Independent Way. Front Oncol 2018; 8:199. [PMID: 29951371 PMCID: PMC6008388 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is crucially involved in cell adaptation to oxidative stress and has been demonstrated to play an important role in cancer progression and resistance to therapies. We recently highlighted that undifferentiated neuroblastoma (NB) cells are prone to counteract oxidative stress through the induction of HO-1. Conversely, differentiated NB cells were more sensitive to oxidative stress since HO-1 was scarcely upregulated. In this work, we investigated the role played by miR-494, which has been proved to be involved in cancer biology and in the modulation of oxidative stress, in the upregulation of HO-1. We showed that NB differentiation downregulates miR-494 level. In addition, endogenous miR-494 inhibition in undifferentiated cells impairs HO-1 induction in response to exposure to 500 µM H2O2, reducing the number of viable cells. The analysis of Bach1 expression did not reveal any significant modifications in any experimental conditions tested, proving that the impairment of HO-1 induction observed in cells treated with miR-494 inhibitor and exposed to H2O2 is independent from Bach1. Our results underline the role played by miR-494 in favoring HO-1 induction and cell adaptation to oxidative stress and contribute to the discovery of new potential pharmacological targets to improve anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Piras
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna L Furfaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rocco Caggiano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brondolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvano Garibaldi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Caterina Ivaldo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Maria A Pronzato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Faraonio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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19
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Oswald MCW, Garnham N, Sweeney ST, Landgraf M. Regulation of neuronal development and function by ROS. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:679-691. [PMID: 29323696 PMCID: PMC5888200 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been studied as destructive agents in the context of nervous system ageing, disease and degeneration. Their roles as signalling molecules under normal physiological conditions is less well understood. Recent studies have provided ample evidence of ROS-regulating neuronal development and function, from the establishment of neuronal polarity to growth cone pathfinding; from the regulation of connectivity and synaptic transmission to the tuning of neuronal networks. Appreciation of the varied processes that are subject to regulation by ROS might help us understand how changes in ROS metabolism and buffering could progressively impact on neuronal networks with age and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Garnham
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkHeslington YorkUK
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20
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Piras S, Furfaro AL, Brondolo L, Passalacqua M, Marinari UM, Pronzato MA, Nitti M. Differentiation impairs Bach1 dependent HO-1 activation and increases sensitivity to oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7568. [PMID: 28790431 PMCID: PMC5548785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal adaptation to oxidative stress is crucially important in order to prevent degenerative diseases. The role played by the Nrf2/HO-1 system in favoring cell survival of neuroblastoma (NB) cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been investigated using undifferentiated or all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. While undifferentiated cells were basically resistant to the oxidative stimulus, ATRA treatment progressively decreased cell viability in response to H2O2. HO-1 silencing decreased undifferentiated cell viability when exposed to H2O2, proving the role of HO-1 in cell survival. Conversely, ATRA differentiated cells exposed to H2O2 showed a significantly lower induction of HO-1, and only the supplementation with low doses of bilirubin (0,5-1 μM) restored viability. Moreover, the nuclear level of Bach1, repressor of HO-1 transcription, strongly decreased in undifferentiated cells exposed to oxidative stress, while did not change in ATRA differentiated cells. Furthermore, Bach1 was displaced from HO-1 promoter in undifferentiated cells exposed to H2O2, enabling the binding of Nrf2. On the contrary, in ATRA differentiated cells treated with H2O2, Bach1 displacement was impaired, preventing Nrf2 binding and limiting HO-1 transcription. In conclusion, our findings highlight the central role of Bach1 in HO-1-dependent neuronal response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Piras
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Furfaro
- Giannina Gaslini Institute, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brondolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Umberto Maria Marinari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Pronzato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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21
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Hernandez-Martinez JM, Forrest CM, Darlington LG, Smith RA, Stone TW. Quinolinic acid induces neuritogenesis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells independently of NMDA receptor activation. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:700-711. [PMID: 27973747 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) have been implicated in neuronal development and several types of cancer. The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism includes quinolinic acid (QA) which is both a selective agonist at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and also a precursor for the formation of NAD+ . The effect of QA on cell survival and differentiation has therefore been examined on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Retinoic acid (RA, 10 μm) induced differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells into a neuronal phenotype showing neurite growth. QA (50-150 nm) also caused a concentration-dependent increase in the neurite/soma ratio, indicating differentiation. Both RA and QA increased expression of the neuronal marker β3-tubulin in whole-cell homogenates and in the neuritic fraction assessed using a neurite outgrowth assay. Expression of the neuronal proliferation marker doublecortin revealed that, unlike RA, QA did not decrease the number of mitotic cells. QA-induced neuritogenesis coincided with an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Neuritogenesis was prevented by diphenylene-iodonium (an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) and superoxide dismutase, supporting the involvement of reactive oxygen species. NMDA itself did not promote neuritogenesis and the NMDA antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) did not prevent quinolinate-induced neuritogenesis, indicating that the effects of QA were independent of NMDA receptors. Nicotinamide caused a significant increase in the neurite/soma ratio and the expression of β3-tubulin in the neuritic fraction. Taken together, these results suggest that QA induces neuritogenesis by promoting oxidizing conditions and affecting the availability of NAD+ , independently of NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Manuel Hernandez-Martinez
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, West Medical Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Caroline M Forrest
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, West Medical Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Robert A Smith
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, West Medical Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Trevor W Stone
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, West Medical Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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22
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Almeida AS, Vieira HLA. Role of Cell Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function During Adult Neurogenesis. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:1787-1794. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Changes in Cell Cycle and Up-Regulation of Neuronal Markers During SH-SY5Y Neurodifferentiation by Retinoic Acid are Mediated by Reactive Species Production and Oxidative Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6903-6916. [PMID: 27771902 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells have been used as an in vitro model for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and can be induced to a mature neuronal phenotype through retinoic acid (RA) differentiation. However, mechanisms of RA-induced differentiation remain unclear. Here, we investigate the role of reactive species (RS) on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells under RA differentiation, using the antioxidant Trolox® as co-treatment. We found that RA treatment for 7 days reduced the cell number and proliferative capacity and induced the expression of adult catecholaminergic/neuronal markers such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), β-III tubulin, and enolase-2. Evaluation of intracellular RS production by DCFH oxidation assay and quantification of cell non-enzymatic antioxidant activity by TRAP demonstrated that RA increases RS production. Furthermore, mitochondrial NADH oxidation showed to be inhibited under differentiation with RA. Cells subjected to co-treatment with antioxidant Trolox® demonstrated a remaining proliferative capacity and a decrease in the pro-oxidant state and RS production. Besides, antioxidant treatment restores the mitochondrial NADH oxidation. Importantly, Trolox® co-treatment inhibited the appearance of morphological characteristics such as neurite extension and branching, and decreased the expression of TH, β-III tubulin, and enolase-2 after a seven-day differentiation with RA, indicating that RS production is a necessary step in this process. Trolox® also inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2, which are involved in differentiation and survival, respectively, of these cells. Altogether, these data indicate the presence of a redox-dependent mechanism in SH-SY5Y RA-differentiation process and can be a useful insight to improve understanding of neuronal differentiation signaling.
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24
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Redox Homeostasis and Cellular Antioxidant Systems: Crucial Players in Cancer Growth and Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6235641. [PMID: 27418953 PMCID: PMC4932173 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6235641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their products are components of cell signaling pathways and play important roles in cellular physiology and pathophysiology. Under physiological conditions, cells control ROS levels by the use of scavenging systems such as superoxide dismutases, peroxiredoxins, and glutathione that balance ROS generation and elimination. Under oxidative stress conditions, excessive ROS can damage cellular proteins, lipids, and DNA, leading to cell damage that may contribute to carcinogenesis. Several studies have shown that cancer cells display an adaptive response to oxidative stress by increasing expression of antioxidant enzymes and molecules. As a double-edged sword, ROS influence signaling pathways determining beneficial or detrimental outcomes in cancer therapy. In this review, we address the role of redox homeostasis in cancer growth and therapy and examine the current literature regarding the redox regulatory systems that become upregulated in cancer and their role in promoting tumor progression and resistance to chemotherapy.
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25
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Bórquez DA, Urrutia PJ, Wilson C, van Zundert B, Núñez MT, González-Billault C. Dissecting the role of redox signaling in neuronal development. J Neurochem 2016; 137:506-17. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Bórquez
- Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Facultad de Medicina; Centro de Investigación Biomédica; Universidad Diego Portales; Santiago Chile
| | | | - Carlos Wilson
- Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | | | | | - Christian González-Billault
- Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism; Santiago Chile
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26
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Polydatin Attenuates H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress via PKC Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5139458. [PMID: 26881030 PMCID: PMC4736317 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5139458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction, which is found to precede the development of diverse cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of this study was to observe the protective effects of PD against H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury (OSI) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the possible mechanism of PD in OSI treatment. HUVECs were subjected to H2O2 in the absence or presence of PD. It turned out that PD improved cell viability and adhesive and migratory abilities, inhibited the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and elevated the content of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). TUNEL, fluorometric assays, and Western blotting showed that OSI upregulated the apoptosis ratio, the activity of caspase-3 and the level of proapoptotic protein Bax and decreased the level of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. However, PD treatment partially reversed these damage effects and Protein Kinase C (PKC) activation by thymeleatoxin (THX) in turn eliminated the antiapoptotic effect of PD. Furthermore, PD attenuated the H2O2-induced phosphorylation of PKCs α and δ and increased the phosphorylation of PKC ε. Our results indicated that PD might exert protective effects against OSI through various interactions with PKC pathway.
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27
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He M, Nitti M, Piras S, Furfaro AL, Traverso N, Pronzato MA, Mann GE. Heme oxygenase-1-derived bilirubin protects endothelial cells against high glucose-induced damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:91-8. [PMID: 26391462 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and diabetes are associated with endothelial cell dysfunction arising from enhanced oxidative injury, leading to the progression of diabetic vascular pathologies. The redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of antioxidant genes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), involved in cellular defenses against oxidative stress. We have investigated the pathways involved in high glucose-induced activation of HO-1 in endothelial cells and examined the molecular mechanisms underlying cytoprotection. Elevated d-glucose increased intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in bovine aortic endothelial cells, with no changes in cell viability. Superoxide scavenging and inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) abrogated upregulation of HO-1 expression by elevated glucose. Inhibition of HO-1 increased the sensitivity of endothelial cells to high glucose-mediated damage, while addition of bilirubin restored cell viability. Our findings establish that exposure of endothelial cells to high glucose leads to activation of endogenous antioxidant defense genes via the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Upregulation of HO-1 provides cytoprotection against high glucose-induced oxidative stress through the antioxidant properties of bilirubin. Modulation of the Nrf2 pathway in the early stages of diabetes may thus protect against sustained damage by hyperglycemia during progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua He
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 2L.B. Alberti Street, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Piras
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 2L.B. Alberti Street, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Traverso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 2L.B. Alberti Street, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Pronzato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology Section, University of Genoa, 2L.B. Alberti Street, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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28
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Silvis AM, McCormick ML, Spitz DR, Kiningham KK. Redox balance influences differentiation status of neuroblastoma in the presence of all-trans retinoic acid. Redox Biol 2015; 7:88-96. [PMID: 26678800 PMCID: PMC4683430 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in childhood; and patients in stage IV of the disease have a high propensity for tumor recurrence. Retinoid therapy has been utilized as a means to induce differentiation of tumor cells and to inhibit relapse. In this study, the expression of a common neuronal differentiation marker [neurofilament M (NF-M)] in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells treated with 10 μM all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) showed significantly increased expression in accordance with reduced cell number. This was accompanied by an increase in MitoSOX and DCFH2 oxidation that could be indicative of increased steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2•− and H2O2, which correlated with increased levels of MnSOD activity and immuno-reactive protein. Furthermore PEG-catalase inhibited the DCFH2 oxidation signal to a greater extent in the ATRA-treated cells (relative to controls) at 96 h indicating that as the cells became more differentiated, steady-state levels of H2O2 increased in the absence of increases in peroxide-scavenging antioxidants (i.e., glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). In addition, ATRA-induced stimulation of NF-M at 48 and 72 h was enhanced by decreasing SOD activity using siRNA directed at MnSOD. Finally, treatment with ATRA for 96 h in the presence of MnSOD siRNA or PEG-catalase inhibited ATRA induced increases in NF-M expression. These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that changes in steady-state levels of O2•− and H2O2 significantly contribute to the process of ATRA-induced differentiation in neuroblastoma, and suggest that retinoid therapy for neuroblastoma could potentially be enhanced by redox-based manipulations of superoxide metabolism to improve patient outcome. A role for ROS is proposed for retinoid-differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide coordinate with increased MnSOD activity. Hydrogen peroxide is a potential signaling molecule to promote differentiation. Preventing H2O2 degradation may improve retinoid based neuroblastoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Silvis
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Michael L McCormick
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
| | - Kinsley K Kiningham
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, Belmont University College of Pharmacy, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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29
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Lestanova Z, Bacova Z, Kiss A, Havranek T, Strbak V, Bakos J. Oxytocin Increases Neurite Length and Expression of Cytoskeletal Proteins Associated with Neuronal Growth. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 59:184-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Olguín-Albuerne M, Morán J. ROS produced by NOX2 control in vitro development of cerebellar granule neurons development. ASN Neuro 2015; 7:7/2/1759091415578712. [PMID: 25873309 PMCID: PMC4720178 DOI: 10.1177/1759091415578712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules that regulate nervous system physiology. ROS have been related to neural differentiation, neuritogenesis, and programmed cell death. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the regulation of ROS during neuronal development. In this study, we evaluated the mechanisms by which ROS are regulated during neuronal development and the implications of these molecules in this process. Primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) were used to address these issues. Our results show that during the first 3 days of CGN development in vitro (days in vitro; DIV), the levels of ROS increased, reaching a peak at 2 and 3 DIV under depolarizing (25 mM KCl) and nondepolarizing (5 mM KCl) conditions. Subsequently, under depolarizing conditions, the ROS levels markedly decreased, but in nondepolarizing conditions, the ROS levels increased gradually. This correlated with the extent of CGN maturation. Also, antioxidants and NADPH-oxidases (NOX) inhibitors reduced the expression of Tau and MAP2. On the other hand, the levels of glutathione markedly increased at 1 DIV. We inferred that the ROS increase at this time is critical for cell survival because glutathione depletion leads to axonal degeneration and CGN death only at 2 DIV. During the first 3 DIV, NOX2 was upregulated and expressed in filopodia and growth cones, which correlated with the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) distribution in the cell. Finally, NOX2 KO CGN showed shorter neurites than wild-type CGN. Taken together, these results suggest that the regulation of ROS is critical during the early stages of CGN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Olguín-Albuerne
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Julio Morán
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
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31
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Pak EJ, Son GD, Yoo BS. Cadmium Inhibits Neurite Outgrowth in Differentiating Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Toxicol 2014; 33:412-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581814550338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium, a highly ubiquitous heavy metal, is well known to induce neurotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism of cadmium-mediated neurotoxicity remains unclear. We have studied cadmium inhibition of neurite outgrowth using human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells induced to differentiate by all- trans-retinoic acid (RA). Cadmium, at a concentration of 3 μmol/L, had no significant effect on the viability of differentiating SH-SY5Y cells. However, the neurite outgrowth of the differentiating SH-SY5Y cells 48 hours after cadmium treatment (1-3 μmol/L cadmium) was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of RA-stimulated differentiating SH-SY5Y cells with 1 to 3 μmol/L cadmium resulted in decreased level of cross-reactivities with 43-kDa growth-associated protein (GAP-43) in a dose-dependent manner. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, NAC (N-acetyl-l-cysteine), recovered the expression of GAP-43 in cadmium-treated cells. The results indicate that cadmium is able to inhibit neurite outgrowth of differentiating SH-SY5Y cells and that this effect might result from ROS generation by cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Pak
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Dong Son
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Yoo
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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32
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MiR-181 family: regulators of myeloid differentiation and acute myeloid leukemia as well as potential therapeutic targets. Oncogene 2014; 34:3226-39. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Piras S, Furfaro AL, Piccini A, Passalacqua M, Borghi R, Carminati E, Parodi A, Colombo L, Salmona M, Pronzato MA, Marinari UM, Tabaton M, Nitti M. Monomeric Aβ1–42 and RAGE: key players in neuronal differentiation. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:1301-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Guo H, Cao C, Chi X, Zhao J, Liu X, Zhou N, Han S, Yan Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Yan Y, Cui H, Sun H. Specificity protein 1 regulates topoisomerase IIβ expression in SH-SY5Y cells during neuronal differentiation. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1374-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Cell Biology Division; Institute of Basic Medicine; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Cuili Cao
- Cell Biology Division; Institute of Basic Medicine; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
- Laboratory of Neurobiology; Institute of Basic Medicine; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Xueqian Chi
- Department of Endodontics; The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Junxia Zhao
- Cell Biology Division; Institute of Basic Medicine; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Xia Liu
- Cell Biology Division; Institute of Basic Medicine; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Najing Zhou
- Cell Biology Division; Institute of Basic Medicine; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Anatomy; College of Basic Medicine; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Yongxin Yan
- Cell Biology Division; Institute of Basic Medicine; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Cell Biology Division; Institute of Basic Medicine; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Yannan Xu
- Cell Biology Division; Institute of Basic Medicine; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Yunli Yan
- Cell Biology Division; Institute of Basic Medicine; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Anatomy; College of Basic Medicine; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Hongxia Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Houston Texas
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35
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Hagelkruys A, Lagger S, Krahmer J, Leopoldi A, Artaker M, Pusch O, Zezula J, Weissmann S, Xie Y, Schöfer C, Schlederer M, Brosch G, Matthias P, Selfridge J, Lassmann H, Knoblich JA, Seiser C. A single allele of Hdac2 but not Hdac1 is sufficient for normal mouse brain development in the absence of its paralog. Development 2014; 141:604-616. [PMID: 24449838 PMCID: PMC4773893 DOI: 10.1242/dev.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2 are crucial regulators of chromatin structure and gene expression, thereby controlling important developmental processes. In the mouse brain, HDAC1 and HDAC2 exhibit different developmental stage- and lineage-specific expression patterns. To examine the individual contribution of these deacetylases during brain development, we deleted different combinations of Hdac1 and Hdac2 alleles in neural cells. Ablation of Hdac1 or Hdac2 by Nestin-Cre had no obvious consequences on brain development and architecture owing to compensation by the paralog. By contrast, combined deletion of Hdac1 and Hdac2 resulted in impaired chromatin structure, DNA damage, apoptosis and embryonic lethality. To dissect the individual roles of HDAC1 and HDAC2, we expressed single alleles of either Hdac1 or Hdac2 in the absence of the respective paralog in neural cells. The DNA-damage phenotype observed in double knockout brains was prevented by expression of a single allele of either Hdac1 or Hdac2. Strikingly, Hdac1−/−Hdac2+/− brains showed normal development and no obvious phenotype, whereas Hdac1+/−Hdac2−/− mice displayed impaired brain development and perinatal lethality. Hdac1+/−Hdac2−/− neural precursor cells showed reduced proliferation and premature differentiation mediated by overexpression of protein kinase C, delta, which is a direct target of HDAC2. Importantly, chemical inhibition or knockdown of protein kinase C delta was sufficient to rescue the phenotype of neural progenitor cells in vitro. Our data indicate that HDAC1 and HDAC2 have a common function in maintaining proper chromatin structures and show that HDAC2 has a unique role by controlling the fate of neural progenitors during normal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Hagelkruys
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Sabine Lagger
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Julia Krahmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Alexandra Leopoldi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Matthias Artaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Oliver Pusch
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Jürgen Zezula
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Simon Weissmann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Yunli Xie
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Christian Schöfer
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBICR), Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Gerald Brosch
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter Innsbruck, Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Patrick Matthias
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Research Foundation, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Jim Selfridge
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3QR, UK
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Jürgen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Christian Seiser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
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36
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Park MT, Kim MJ, Suh Y, Kim RK, Kim H, Lim EJ, Yoo KC, Lee GH, Kim YH, Hwang SG, Yi JM, Lee SJ. Novel signaling axis for ROS generation during K-Ras-induced cellular transformation. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1185-97. [PMID: 24632950 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known to be involved in oncogene-mediated cellular transformation. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying ROS generation in oncogene-transformed cells are unclear. In the present study, we found that oncogenic K-Ras induces ROS generation through activation of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), which is a critical regulator for the K-Ras-induced cellular transformation. NOX1 was activated by K-Ras-dependent translocation of p47(phox), a subunit of NOX1 to plasma membrane. Of note, PKCδ, when it was activated by PDPK1, directly bound to the SH3-N domain of p47(phox) and catalyzed the phosphorylation on Ser348 and Ser473 residues of p47(phox) C-terminal in a K-Ras-dependent manner, finally leading to its membrane translocation. Notably, oncogenic K-Ras activated all MAPKs (JNK, ERK and p38); however, only p38 was involved in p47(phox)-NOX1-dependent ROS generation and consequent transformation. Importantly, K-Ras-induced activation of p38 led to an activation of PDPK1, which then signals through PKCδ, p47(phox) and NOX1. In agreement with the mechanism, inhibition of p38, PDPK1, PKCδ, p47(phox) or NOX1 effectively blocked K-Ras-induced ROS generation, anchorage-independent colony formation and tumor formation. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that oncogenic K-Ras activates the signaling cascade p38/PDPK1/PKCδ/p47(phox)/NOX1 for ROS generation and consequent malignant cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-T Park
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea [2] Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Korea
| | - M-J Kim
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea [2] Low Dose Radiation Research Center, National Radiation Emergency Medical Science, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - Y Suh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - R-K Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - H Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - E-J Lim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - K-C Yoo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - G-H Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Y-H Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - S-G Hwang
- Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea
| | - J-M Yi
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Korea
| | - S-J Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Abstract
NADPH oxidase5 (Nox5) is a novel Nox isoform which has recently been recognized as having important roles in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction, fetal ventricular septal defect and cancer. The activity of Nox5 and production of reactive oxygen species is regulated by intracellular calcium levels and phosphorylation. However, the kinases that phosphorylate Nox5 remain poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that the phosphorylation of Nox5 is PKC dependent, but this contention was based on the use of pharmacological inhibitors and the isoforms of PKC involved remain unknown. Thus, the major goals of this study were to determine whether PKC can directly regulate Nox5 phosphorylation and activity, to identify which isoforms are involved in the process, and to understand the functional significance of this pathway in disease. We found that a relatively specific PKCα inhibitor, Ro-32-0432, dose-dependently inhibited PMA-induced superoxide production from Nox5. PMA-stimulated Nox5 activity was significantly reduced in cells with genetic silencing of PKCα and PKCε, enhanced by loss of PKCδ and the silencing of PKCθ expression was without effect. A constitutively active form of PKCα robustly increased basal and PMA-stimulated Nox5 activity and promoted the phosphorylation of Nox5 on Ser490, Thr494, and Ser498. In contrast, constitutively active PKCε potently inhibited both basal and PMA-dependent Nox5 activity. Co-IP and in vitro kinase assay experiments demonstrated that PKCα directly binds to Nox5 and modifies Nox5 phosphorylation and activity. Exposure of endothelial cells to high glucose significantly increased PKCα activation, and enhanced Nox5 derived superoxide in a manner that was in prevented by a PKCα inhibitor, Go 6976. In summary, our study reveals that PKCα is the primary isoform mediating the activation of Nox5 and this maybe of significance in our understanding of the vascular complications of diabetes and other diseases with increased ROS production.
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Cristóvão AC, Barata J, Je G, Kim YS. PKCδ mediates paraquat-induced Nox1 expression in dopaminergic neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:380-5. [PMID: 23827392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Our previous works have shown that the (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) enzyme, in particular Nox1, plays an important role in oxidative stress and subsequent dopaminergic cell death elicited by paraquat (PQ). In non-neuronal and glial cells, protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) shows the ability to regulate the activity of the Nox system. Herein we aimed to investigate if also in dopaminergic neurons exposed to PQ, PKCδ can regulate Nox1 expression. The chemical inhibitor, rottlerin, and short interference RNA (siRNA) were used to inhibit or selectively knockdown PKCδ, respectively. The studies were performed using the immortalized rat mesencephalic dopaminergic cell line (N27 cells) exposed to PQ, after pre-incubation with rottlerin or transfected with PKCδ-siRNA. We observed that inhibition or knockdown of PKCδ significantly reduced PQ induced Nox1 transcript and protein levels, ROS generation and subsequent dopaminergic cell death. The results suggest that PKCδ plays a role in the regulation of Nox1-mediated oxidative stress elicited by PQ and could have a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Cristóvão
- University of Central Florida, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Orlando, Fl, USA.
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Talman V, Amadio M, Osera C, Sorvari S, Boije Af Gennäs G, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Rossi D, Govoni S, Collina S, Ekokoski E, Tuominen RK, Pascale A. The C1 domain-targeted isophthalate derivative HMI-1b11 promotes neurite outgrowth and GAP-43 expression through PKCα activation in SH-SY5Y cells. Pharmacol Res 2013; 73:44-54. [PMID: 23643828 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine phosphotransferases ubiquitously expressed and involved in multiple cellular functions, such as proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. The C1 domain of PKC represents an attractive drug target, especially for developing PKC activators. Dialkyl 5-(hydroxymethyl)isophthalates are a novel group of synthetic C1 domain ligands that exhibit antiproliferative effect in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells. Here we selected two isophthalates, HMI-1a3 and HMI-1b11, and characterized their effects in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Both of the active isophthalates exhibited significant antiproliferative and differentiation-inducing effects. Since HMI-1b11 did not impair cell survival even at the highest concentration tested (20μM), and supported neurite growth and differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells, we focused on studying its downstream signaling cascades and effects on gene expression. Consistently, genome-wide gene expression microarray and gene set enrichment analysis indicated that HMI-1b11 (10μM) induced changes in genes mainly related to cell differentiation. In particular, further studies revealed that HMI-1b11 exposure induced up-regulation of GAP-43, a marker for neurite sprouting and neuronal differentiation. These effects were induced by a 7-min HMI-1b11 treatment and specifically depended on PKCα activation, since pretreatment with the selective inhibitor Gö6976 abolished the up-regulation of GAP-43 protein observed at 12h. In parallel, we found that a 7-min exposure to HMI-1b11 induced PKCα accumulation to the cytoskeleton, an effect that was again prevented by pretreatment with Gö6976. Despite similar binding affinities to PKC, the isophthalates had different effects on PKC-dependent ERK1/2 signaling: HMI-1a3-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was transient, while HMI-1b11 induced a rapid but prolonged ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Overall our data are in accordance with previous studies showing that activation of the PKCα and ERK1/2 pathways participate in regulating neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, since PKC has been classified as one of the cognitive kinases, and activation of PKC is considered a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cognitive disorders, our findings suggest that HMI-1b11 represents a promising lead compound in research aimed to prevent or counteract memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Talman
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Bakos J, Strbak V, Paulikova H, Krajnakova L, Lestanova Z, Bacova Z. Oxytocin receptor ligands induce changes in cytoskeleton in neuroblastoma cells. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 50:462-8. [PMID: 23335033 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-9960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to evaluate effects of ligands of oxytocin receptors on gene expression of neurofilament proteins (nestin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2)) associated with neuronal differentiation and growth factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF)) related to neuronal growth. Fluorescent staining of F-actin was used to observe morphology of cells. Co-treatment with oxytocin and oxytocin receptor antagonist--atosiban--resulted in significant increase of MAP2 gene expression in SK-N-SH cells. There was no effect of oxytocin on gene expression of growth factors BDNF and NGF. Surprisingly, oxytocin with atosiban significantly increased mRNA levels for both BDNF and NGF. Gene expression of vasopressin receptor (V1aR) significantly decreased in response to vasopressin. Atosiban decreased mRNA levels for oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and V1aR. Oxytocin significantly decreased OXTR and nestin mRNA levels and increased mRNA levels for BDNF and NGF in U-87 MG cells. The densest recruitment of F-actin filaments was observed in apical parts of filopodia in SK-N-SH cells incubated in oxytocin presence. Present data demonstrate complex role of ligands of oxytocin receptors in regulation of gene expression of intermediate filaments and thus, oxytocin might be considered as a growth factor in neuronal type of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bakos
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 3, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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He Y, Gu X, Lu L, Liang L, Gao J, Zhang X. NOX, the main regulator in oxidative stress in experimental models of phenylketonuria? J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2013; 26:675-82. [PMID: 23612646 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2012-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To reveal the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) in the integration of the redox signal in the oxidative molecular regulation mechanism in phenylketonuria (PKU). METHODS The blood samples were obtained from Pahenu2-BTBR PKU and wild-type mice, respectively. Phe concentration, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH) and maleic dialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed. After collection of the mononuclear cells, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for NOX was performed. In addition, NOX activity and superoxide in mononuclear cells were determined. RESULTS Compared to the control group, Phe concentration, T-AOC and MDA were markedly increased in PKU mice (p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.01, respectively). However, the GSH level in PKU mice was less than that in control group (p<0.05). The mRNA level of subunits of NOX included p47phox and p67phox, were increased in PKU mice (p<0.05), however, the gp91phox had no obvious change in the two groups (p>0.05). NOX activity and superoxide were also remarkably elevated in PKU mice (p<0.05). CONCLUSION NOX may play an important role in the integration of the redox signal in the oxidative molecular regulation mechanism in PKU.
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43
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Wen JW, Hwang JT, Kelly GM. Reactive oxygen species and Wnt signalling crosstalk patterns mouse extraembryonic endoderm. Cell Signal 2012; 24:2337-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Paulsen BDS, da Silveira MS, Galina A, Rehen SK. Pluripotent stem cells as a model to study oxygen metabolism in neurogenesis and neurodevelopmental disorders. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 534:3-10. [PMID: 23111185 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxygen (O2) have been implicated in neurogenesis and self-renewal of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). On the other hand, oxidative unbalance, either by an impairment of antioxidant defenses or by an intensified production of ROS, is increasingly related to risk factors of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia. In this scenario, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) emerged as an interesting platform for the study of cellular and molecular aspects of this mental disorder, by complementing other experimental models, with exclusive advantages such as the recapitulation of brain development. Herein we discuss the role of O2/ROS signaling for neuronal differentiation and how its unbalance could be related to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia. Identifying the role of O2/ROS in neurogenesis as well as tackling oxidative stress and its disturbances in schizophrenic patients' derived cells will provide an interesting opportunity for the study of neural stem cells differentiation and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna da Silveira Paulsen
- Laboratório Nacional de Células-Tronco Embrionárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-913, Brazil
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Lv M, Zhang Y, Liang L, Wei M, Hu W, Li X, Huang Q. Effect of graphene oxide on undifferentiated and retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells line. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3861-6. [PMID: 22653613 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), has created an unprecedented opportunity for development and application in biology, due to its abundant functional groups and well water solubility. Recently, the potential toxicity of GO in the environment and in humans has garnered more and more attention. In this paper, we systematically studied the cytotoxicity of GO nanosheets via examining the effect of GO on the morphology, viability and differentiation of a human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, which was an ideal model used to study neuronal disease in vitro. The results suggested that GO had no obvious cytotoxicity at low concentration (<80 μg mL(-1)) for 96 h, but the viability of cells exhibited dose- and time-dependent decreases at high concentration (≥ 80 μg mL(-1)). Moreover, GO did not induce apoptosis. Very interestingly, GO significantly enhanced the differentiation of SH-SY5Y induced-retinoic acid (RA) by evaluating neurite length and the expression of neuronal marker MAP2. These data provide a promising application for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lv
- Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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46
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Ito H, Tanaka K, Hagiwara K, Kobayashi M, Hoshikawa A, Mizutani N, Takagi A, Kojima T, Sobue S, Ichihara M, Suzuki M, Tamiya-Koizumi K, Nakamura M, Banno Y, Nozawa Y, Murate T. Transcriptional regulation of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 in all-trans retinoic acid-treated human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. J Biochem 2012; 151:599-610. [PMID: 22496486 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on sphingomyelinase expression were examined using MCF-7 (ATRA-sensitive) and MDA-MB-231 (ATRA-resistant) breast cancer cells. Increased NSMase activity, NSMase2 mRNA and protein were observed in ATRA-treated MCF-7 but not in ATRA-treated MDA-MB-231. Increased NSMase2 mRNA of ATRA-treated MCF-7 was mostly due to enhanced transcription. Promoter analysis revealed the important 5'-promoter region of NSMase2 between -148 and -42 bp containing three Sp1 sites but no retinoic acid responsive elements. Experiments using mutated Sp1 sites of the NSMase2 promoter, Mithramycin A (a Sp inhibitor) and Sp family over-expression demonstrated the importance of Sp family protein and the three Sp1 sites for ATRA-induced NSMase2 transcription of MCF-7 cells. Although no quantitative change of bound Sp1 on NSMase2 promoter region after ATRA treatment was detected, Sp1 phosphorylation (activation) by ATRA was observed. Interestingly, PKCδ was involved in ATRA-induced increased NSMase2 transcription. ATRA-induced PKCδ phosphorylation and then activated PKCδ phosphorylated Sp1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed Sp1, RARα and RXRα complex formation in MCF-7 cells regardless of ATRA treatment and ATRA-induced acetylated histone H3 of the 5'-promoter. Thus, NSMase2 mRNA expression enhanced by ATRA was due to increased transcription via phosphorylated Sp1 caused by PKCδ activation, followed by chromatin remodelling with histone H3 acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Ito
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Wang ZJ, Song L, Guo LC, Yin M, Sun YN. Induction of differentiation by panaxydol in human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells via cAMP and MAP kinase dependent mechanism. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2012; 131:993-1000. [PMID: 21628989 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.131.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Panaxydol (PND) is one of the main non-peptidyl small molecules isolated from the lipophilic fractions of Panax notoginseng. The present study was carried out to demonstrate the potential effects of panaxydol on the induction of differentiation of human liver carcinoma cell lines SMMC-7721. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT method and Trypan blue exclusion assay respectively. The changes of morphology were detected by transmission electron microscope. Inhibitors were applied to detect the signaling pathway of differentiation. The level of intracellular cyclic AMP was determined by radioimmunoassay. The expression of p-ERK, Id1, and p21 were determined by Western blot. We found that panaxydol inhibit the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells and caused the morphology and ultrastructure changes of SMMC-7721. Moreover, panaxydol dose-dependently increased the secretion of albumin and alkaline phosphatase activity, and decreased the secretion of AFP correspondingly. These changes of differentiation markers in SMMC-7721 can be reversed by the protein kinase A inhibitor RpcAMPS and by MAP kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor U0126 or sorafenib. Intracellular cAMP was elevated by panaxydol in SMMC-7721 cells. Panaxydol dose-dependently decreased the expression of regulatory factors Id1 and increased the protein levels of p21 and p-ERK1/2 correspondingly. It suggested panaxydol might be of value for further exploration as a potential anti-cancer agent via cAMP and MAP kinase-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Kennedy KAM, Sandiford SDE, Skerjanc IS, Li SSC. Reactive oxygen species and the neuronal fate. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:215-21. [PMID: 21947442 PMCID: PMC11114775 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant or elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can mediate deleterious cellular effects, including neuronal toxicity and degeneration observed in the etiology of a number of pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Nevertheless, ROS can be generated in a controlled manner and can regulate redox sensitive transcription factors such as NFκB, AP-1 and NFAT. Moreover, ROS can modulate the redox state of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, thereby having an impact on many transcriptional networks and signaling cascades important for neurogenesis. A large body of literature links the controlled generation of ROS at low-to-moderate levels with the stimulation of differentiation in certain developmental programs such as neurogenesis. In this regard, ROS are involved in governing the acquisition of the neural fate-from neural induction to the elaboration of axons. Here, we summarize and discuss the growing body of literature that describe a role for ROS signaling in neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. M. Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1 Canada
| | - Shelley D. E. Sandiford
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1 Canada
| | - Ilona S. Skerjanc
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 Canada
| | - Shawn S.-C. Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1 Canada
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Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) significantly increases AAV2/5 transduction of human neuronal cells in vitro. Exp Eye Res 2011; 97:148-53. [PMID: 22197749 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) vectors have shown great promise in current ophthalmology clinical trials targeting gene delivery to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). To treat the majority of retinal diseases, however, gene delivery would need to be targeted to photoreceptor neurons of the outer retina. AAV2 pseudotyped with the AAV5 capsid (AAV2/5) has shown far greater transduction efficiency in photoreceptors compared to standard AAV2 vectors. For clinical trial applications using gene therapy, it is helpful to generate pre-clinical data in human cells wherever possible. There is however very little data, indeed some controversy, as to whether AAV2/5 can be used effectively in differentiated neurons in culture. In this study we show that transduction of the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y with recombinant AAV2/5 expressing GFP is well tolerated. Furthermore, we explore the mechanism whereby exposure to retinoic acid (RA) and the phorbol ester 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate (TPA) can induce this cell line to differentiate into a stable population of human neurons, with significantly increased levels of AAV2/5 transduction. These observations may be helpful for assessing AAV2/5 vectors in vitro, particularly where it is necessary to generate pre-clinical data for clinical trials of gene therapy to the human central nervous system.
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50
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Lu L, Gu X, Li D, Liang L, Zhao Z, Gao J. Mechanisms regulating superoxide generation in experimental models of phenylketonuria: an essential role of NADPH oxidase. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:241-8. [PMID: 21640623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, a superoxide-producing enzyme, could be involved in phenylketonuria (PKU)-associated oxidative stress. A Pah(enu2)-BTBR PKU mouse model, and an in vitro cell culture model of PKU mimicking high phenylalanine insults in PKU, were employed for this study. The concentration of phenylalanine in mouse cerebral cortex was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Superoxide production was displayed with dihydroethidium staining. NADPH oxidase expression level was measured by real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. NADPH oxidase activity was measured by the colorimetric method. The phenylalanine concentrations in cerebral cortices of PKU mice were significantly higher than those in wild-type control mice. Similar results concerning superoxide production and NADPH oxidase protein expression and activity, were also found in this brain region. In addition, it was found that cerebral cortical neurons subjected to an in vitro high phenylalanine insult, displayed increased superoxide production accompanied by increases of NADPH oxidase protein expression and activity. Pretreatment with the inhibitor of this oxidase (diphenylene iodonium or apocynin) prevented this superoxide-increasing effect. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that NADPH oxidase might be a key enzyme involved in enhanced superoxide production in PKU and suggest that it may be a potential therapeutic target in neuroprotective strategies against phenylalanine-evoked oxidative brain injury in PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Lu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetical Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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