1
|
Saiprasad G, Chitra P, Manikandan R, Koodalingam A, Sudhandiran G. Hesperetin regulates PI3K/Akt and mTOR pathways to exhibit its antiproliferative effect against colon cancer cells. Biotech Histochem 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39172499 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2024.2382764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid, has been a widely studied anticancer agent against many types of cancers, but the exact mechanism of efficacy is still unrevealed. Therefore, this study has attempted to delineate the mechanical aspect of hesperetin's anticancer efficacy against colon cancer using immunoblotting, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic studies. The treatment with hesperetin (25 and 50 µM) has significantly (p < 0.0001) curbed down the proliferation and cell viability of HCT-15 cells in a concentration as well as time dependent manner. Hesperetin was able to achieve this through the induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, hesperetin effectively inhibited phosphorylation of Akt with a parallel increase in PTEN expression thereby inhibiting the PI3K signaling axis, which contributes to the suppression of proliferation. In addition, hesperetin enhanced autophagy through dephosphorylating mTOR, one of the downstream targets of Akt with simultaneous acceleration in Beclin-1 and LC3-II expression levels. Interestingly, hesperetin enhanced the effects of Akt inhibitor LY294002 and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. This study documented the potential of hesperetin to induce apoptosis through simultaneous acceleration over the autophagic process in colon cancer cells. Thus, hesperetin played a beneficial therapeutic role in preventing colon carcinoma growth by regulating the Akt and mTOR signaling axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gowrikumar Saiprasad
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Palanivel Chitra
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Ganaspasam Sudhandiran
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratory, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fereydouni P, Al Mohaddesin A, Khaleghi S. Targeted biocompatible Zn-metal-organic framework nanocomposites for intelligent chemotherapy of breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18311. [PMID: 39112669 PMCID: PMC11306755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Finding a novel drug delivery system (DDS) represents one of the most challenging endeavors in cancer therapy. Hence, in this study, we developed a new biocompatible and biodegradable zinc-based nanoscale metal-organic framework (Zn-NMOF) coated with folic acid (FA) functionalized chitosan (CS) to facilitate targeted delivery of doxorubicin (D), a standard chemotherapeutic agent, into breast cancer cells. The synthesis of the NMOF-CS-FA-D nanocomposite preceded its comprehensive characterization via FT-IR, DLS, XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses. Subsequent in vitro studies were conducted on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and HFF-1 normal cells, encompassing assessments of cell viability, expression levels of apoptotic and autophagy genes, cell cycle arrest, and apoptotic analyses. The size of the NMOF-CS-FA-D particles was determined to be less than 80 nm, with a drug loading efficiency of 72 ± 5%. The release kinetics of DOX from the nanocomposite were investigated, revealing controlled release behavior at pH 7.4 and accelerated release at pH 5.0, which is conducive to drug delivery into cancer cells. In vitro results indicated a 17.39% ± 6.34 cell viability after 24 h of treatment with a 40 nM concentration of the NMOF-CS-FA-D nanocomposite. Furthermore, the expression levels of Caspase-9 and BAX, key apoptotic genes, along with BECLIN1, an autophagy gene, were found to increase by two-fold, four-fold, and two-fold, respectively, following 5 h of treatment with the nanocomposite. Additionally, analysis of cell cycle distribution revealed 15.4 ± 2% of cells in the sub-G1 phase, indicative of apoptotic cells, and 31.9% of cells undergoing early and late apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of the NMOF-CS-FA-D nanocomposite in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation with low side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Fereydouni
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Al Mohaddesin
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khaleghi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1916893813, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang PX, Mu XN, Huang SH, Hu K, Sun ZG. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of oroxylin A in cancer therapy: Recent advances. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176452. [PMID: 38417609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Seeking an effective and safe scheme is the common goal of clinical treatment of tumor patients. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has attracted more and more attention in order to discover new drugs with good anti-tumor effects. Oroxylin A (OA) is a compound found in natural Oroxylum indicum and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi plants and has been used in the treatment of various cancers. Studies have shown that OA has a wide range of powerful biological activities and plays an important role in neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-allergy, anti-tumor and so on. OA shows high efficacy in tumor treatment. Therefore, it has attracted great attention of researchers all over the world. This review aims to discuss the anti-tumor effects of OA from the aspects of cell cycle arrest, induction of cell proliferation and apoptosis, induction of autophagy, anti-inflammation, inhibition of glycolysis, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis and reversal of drug resistance. In addition, the safety and toxicity of the compound were also discussed. As a next step, to clarify the benefits and adverse effects of Oroxylin A in cancer patients further experiments, especially clinical trials, are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Xin Wang
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong, China; Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Mu
- Health Care (& Geriatrics) Ward 1, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Shu-Hong Huang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Kang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Sun
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu Y, Zhang X, Zhang R, Sun Y, Liu J, Luo C, Yang J, Fang W, Guo Q, Wei L. AFP deletion leads to anti-tumorigenic but pro-metastatic roles in liver cancers with concomitant CTNNB1 mutations. Cancer Lett 2023; 566:216240. [PMID: 37217071 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
HCC remains one of the most prevalent and deadliest cancers. Serum AFP level is a biomarker for clinical diagnosis of HCC, instead the contribution of AFP to HCC development is clearly highly complex. Here, we discussed the effect of AFP deletion in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC. AFP deletion in HepG2 cells inhibited the cell proliferation by inactivating PI3K/AKT signaling. Surprisingly, AFP KO HepG2 cells appeared the increasing metastatic capacity and EMT phenotype, which was attributed to the activation of WNT5A/β-catenin signal. Further studies revealed that the activating mutations of CTNNB1 was closely related with the unconventional pro-metastatic roles of AFP deletion. Consistently, the results of DEN/CCl4-induced HCC mouse model also suggested that AFP knockout suppressed the growth of HCC primary tumors, but promoted lung metastasis. Despite the discordant effect of AFP deletion in HCC progression, a drug candidate named OA showed the potent suppression of HCC tumor growth by interrupting AFP-PTEN interaction and, importantly, reduced the lung metastasis of HCC via angiogenesis suppression. Thus, this study demonstrates an unconventional effect of AFP in HCC progression, and suggests a potent candidate strategy for HCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Tripod Preclinincal Research Laboratories Co., Ltd., No. 9 Xinglong Road, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruitian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuening Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He C, Li Y, Chen ZY, Huang CK. Crosstalk of renal cell carcinoma cells and tumor-associated macrophages aggravates tumor progression by modulating muscleblind-like protein 2/B-cell lymphoma 2/beclin 1-mediated autophagy. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:298-309. [PMID: 36244911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages contribute to the development of multiple human cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the crosstalk mechanism between M2 macrophages and RCC remains unclear. METHODS The authors constructed a co-culture system of M2 macrophages differentiated from THP-1 and RCC cells. Microscopic examination and quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validated the morphology and types of macrophages. The proliferation, migration and invasion of RCC cells were assessed by Cell Counting Kit 8 (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Inc, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and Transwell assay (Corning, Corning, NY, USA). Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of target molecules was detected by qRT‑PCR and western blotting. Expression of Ki-67, E-cadherin and N-cadherin was measured by immunofluorescence staining or immunohistochemistry. Molecular interaction was evaluated by RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation and co-immunoprecipitation. A xenograft model was established to determine tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS RCC cells triggered the activation of M2 macrophages. Functionally, M2-polarized macrophages facilitated the growth, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of RCC cells by suppressing autophagy, whereas rapamycin, an activator of autophagy, significantly counteracted the tumor-promoting effects of M2 macrophages. Mechanistically, M2 macrophage-derived C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) enhanced modulation of muscleblind-like protein 2 (MBNL2) expression. MBNL2 raised the stability of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) by directly binding to Bcl-2 mRNA, which endowed RCC cells with malignant properties via inhibition of beclin 1-dependent autophagy. CONCLUSIONS RCC-induced M2-polarized macrophages secrete CCL2 to promote the growth and metastasis of RCC cells via inhibition of MBNL2/Bcl-2/beclin 1-mediated autophagy, which provide a novel perspective for the development of a therapeutic strategy for -RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Kun Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, Hunan China..
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Therapeutic Properties of Flavonoids in Treatment of Cancer through Autophagic Modulation: A Systematic Review. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:268-279. [PMID: 35809179 PMCID: PMC9282630 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancers have high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Current anticancer therapies have demonstrated specific signaling pathways as a target in the involvement of carcinogenesis. Autophagy is a quality control system for proteins and plays a fundamental role in cancer carcinogenesis, exerting an anticarcinogenic role in normal cells and can inhibit the transformation of malignant cells. Therefore, drugs aimed at autophagy can function as antitumor agents. Flavonoids are a class of polyphenolic secondary metabolites commonly found in plants and, consequently, consumed in diets. In this review, the systematic search strategy was used, which included the search for descriptors "flavonoids" AND "mTOR pathway" AND "cancer" AND "autophagy", in the electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, from January 2011 to January 2021. The current literature demonstrates that flavonoids have anticarcinogenic properties, including inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, senescence, impaired cell migration, invasion, tumor angiogenesis and reduced resistance to multiple drugs in tumor cells. We demonstrate the available evidence on the roles of flavonoids and autophagy in cancer progression and inhibition. (Registration No. CRD42021243071 at PROSPERO).
Collapse
|
7
|
Zamanvaziri A, Meshkat M, Alazmani S, Khaleghi S, Hashemi M. Targeted PEGylated Chitosan Nano-complex for Delivery of Sodium Butyrate to Prostate Cancer: An In Vitro Study. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231159223. [PMID: 36855824 PMCID: PMC9983112 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231159223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer remains a challenging issue against human health throughout the world; As a result, introducing novel approaches would be beneficial for cancer treatment. In this research, sodium butyrate (Sb) is one of the effective anti-cancer therapeutics (also a potent survival factor for normal cells) that was used for prostate cancer suppression in the platform of modified chitosan (CS) nano-complex (polyethylene glycol (PEG)-folic acid (FA)-Sb-CS). Methods: Different analytical devices including Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering, high-performance liquid chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were applied for the characterization of synthetics. On the other hand, biomedical tests including cell viability assay, molecular and functional assay of apoptosis/autophagy pathways, and cell cycle arrest analysis were potentially implemented on human PC3 (folate receptor-negative prostate cancer) and DU145 (folate receptor-positive prostate cancer) and HFF-1 normal cell lines. Results: The quality of the syntheses was effectively verified, and the size range from 140 to 170 nm was determined for the PEG-CS-FA-Sb sample. Also, 75 ± 5% of drug entrapment efficiency with controlled drug release manner (Sb release of 54.21% and 74.04% for pHs 7.4 and 5.0) were determined for nano-complex. Based on MTT results, PEG-CS-FA-Sb has indicated 72.07% and 33.53% cell viability after 24 h of treatment with 9 mM on PC3 and DU145 cell lines, respectively, which is desirable anti-cancer performance. The apoptotic and autophagy genes overexpression was 15-fold (caspase9), 2.5-fold (BAX), 11-fold (ATG5), 2-fold (BECLIN1), and 3-fold (mTORC1) genes in DU145 cancer cells. More than 50% of cell cycle arrest and 45.05% of apoptosis were obtained for DU145 cancer cells after treatment with nano-complex. Conclusion: Hence, the synthesized Sb-loaded nano-complex could specifically suppress prostate cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis and autophagy in the molecular and cellular phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zamanvaziri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, 68106Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Meshkat
- Department of Biology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nourdanesh University of Meymeh, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soroush Alazmani
- Student research committee, School of Medicine, 440827Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khaleghi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, 68106Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, 68106Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Science Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, 68106Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mokri N, Sepehri Z, Faninam F, Khaleghi S, Kazemi NM, Hashemi M. Chitosan-coated Zn-metal-organic framework nanocomposites for effective targeted delivery of LNA-antisense miR-224 to colon tumor: in vitro studies. Gene Ther 2022; 29:680-690. [PMID: 34108628 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nano-compartments are considered as an effective drug delivery system (DDS) for cancer therapy. Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents is an advantageous approach by which cancer cells can be targeted without harming normal cells, and eliminates the negative effects of conventional therapies such as chemotherapy. In this research, a novel zinc-based nanoscale metal-organic framework (Zn-NMOF) coated with folic acid (FA) functionalized chitosan (CS) has been constructed and applied as efficient delivery of LNA (locked nucleic acid)-antisense miR-224 to colon cancer cell lines. LNA-antisense miR-224 as a therapeutic sequence was able to considerably block highly expressed miR-224 and downregulated cancer cell growth. The prepared nano-complex was characterized by analytical devices such as FT-IR, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, DLS, TEM, and XRD. The size range of NMOF-CS-FA-LNA-antisense miR-224 (MCFL224) nano-complex was obtained nearly at 200 nm. The entrapment efficiency of LNA-antisense miR-224 was calculated 72 ± 5% and a significant release profile of LNA-antisense miR-224 was observed at first 6 h (about 50%). Then, in vitro assays were implemented on HCT116 (folic acid receptor-positive colon cancer cell line) and CRL1831 (normal colon cell line) to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of the MCFL224 nano-complex. In these investigations, decreased cell viability (14.22 ± 0.3% after 72 h treatment), increased apoptotic and autophagy-related genes expression level (BECLIN1: 34-folds, BAX: 36-folds, mTORC1: 10-folds, and Caspase-9: 9-folds more than control), higher cell cycle arrest in sub-G1 phase (19.53% of cells in sub-G1 phase), and more apoptosis analyses (late apoptosis: 67.7%) were evaluated in colon cancer cells treated with MCFL224 nano-complex. Results remarkably indicate the inhibited growth of colon cancer cells and induced cell apoptosis which suggests MCFL224 as a promising nanocomposite for colon cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Mokri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sepehri
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Faninam
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khaleghi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Negar Motakef Kazemi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sajeev A, Hegde M, Daimary UD, Kumar A, Girisa S, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Modulation of diverse oncogenic signaling pathways by oroxylin A: An important strategy for both cancer prevention and treatment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154369. [PMID: 35985182 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regardless of major advances in diagnosis, prevention and treatment strategies, cancer is still a foreboding cause due to factors like chemoresistance, radioresistance, adverse side effects and cancer recurrence. Therefore, continuous development of unconventional approaches is a prerequisite to overcome foregoing glitches. Natural products have found their way into treatment of serious health conditions, including cancer since ancient times. The compound oroxylin A (OA) is one among those with enormous potential against different malignancies. It is a flavonoid obtained from the several plants such as Oroxylum indicum, Scutellaria baicalensis and S. lateriflora, Anchietea pyrifolia, and Aster himalaicus. PURPOSE The main purpose of this study is to comprehensively elucidate the anticancerous effects of OA against various malignancies and unravel their chemosensitization and radiosensitization potential. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of OA have also been investigated. METHOD The literature on antineoplastic effects of OA was searched in PubMed and Scopus, including in vitro and in vivo studies and is summarized based on a systematic review protocol prepared according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The term "oroxylin A" was used in combination with "cancer" and all the title, abstracts and keywords appeared were considered. RESULTS In Scopus, a total of 157 articles appeared out of which 103 articles that did not meet the eligibility criteria were eliminated and 54 were critically evaluated. In PubMed, from the 85 results obtained, 26 articles were eliminated and 59 were included in the preparation of this review. Mounting number of studies have illustrated the anticancer effects of OA, and its mechanism of action. CONCLUSION OA is a promising natural flavonoid possessing wide range of pleiotropic properties and is a potential anticancer agent. It has a great potential in the treatment of multiple cancers including brain, breast, cervical, colon, esophageal, gall bladder, gastric, hematological, liver, lung, oral, ovarian, pancreatic and skin. However, lack of pharmacokinetic studies, toxicity assessments, and dose standardization studies and adverse effects limit the optimization of this compound as a therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Novel CDK9 inhibitor oroxylin A promotes wild-type P53 stability and prevents hepatocellular carcinoma progression by disrupting both MDM2 and SIRT1 signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1033-1045. [PMID: 34188177 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal tumours worldwide. However, the effects of first-line sorafenib treatment in advanced HCC fail to prolong patients' survival due to the highly heterogeneous characteristics of HCC etiology. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is an important target in the continuous development of cancer therapy. Here, we demonstrate that CDK9 is closely associated with the progression of HCC and can serve as an HCC therapeutic target by modulating the recovery of wild-type p53 (wt-p53) function. We prove that mouse double minute 2 homologue (MDM2) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) are phosphorylated by CDK9 at Ser166 and Ser47, respectively. Inhibition of CDK9 not only reduces the MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of wt-p53 but also increases wt-p53 stability by suppressing deacetylase activity of SIRT1. Thus, inhibition of CDK9 promotes the wt-p53 stabilization and prevents HCC progression. However, excessive inhibition by high concentrations of specific CDK9 inhibitors counteracts the promotion of p53 stability and reduces their anti-HCC activity because of extreme general transcription repression. The effects of a novel CDK9 inhibitor named oroxylin A (OA) from Scutellaria baicalensis are explored, with the results indicating that OA shows moderate and controlled inhibition of CDK9 activity and expression, and stabilizes wt-p53 by inhibiting CDK9-regulated MDM2 and SIRT1 signaling. These outcomes indicate the high therapeutic potential of OA against HCC and its low toxicity in normal tissue. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism for the regulation of wt-p53 by CDK9 and indicates that OA is a potential candidate for HCC therapy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zughaibi TA, Suhail M, Tarique M, Tabrez S. Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway by Different Flavonoids: A Cancer Chemopreventive Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12455. [PMID: 34830339 PMCID: PMC8621356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is, globally, one of the main causes of death. Even though various therapies are available, they are still painful because of their adverse side effects. Available treatments frequently fail due to unpromising responses, resistance to classical anticancer drugs, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and low accessibility to tumor tissues. Developing novel strategies to minimize adverse side effects, improve chemotherapy sensitivity, and control cancer progression is needed. Many studies have suggested small dietary molecules as complementary treatments for cancer patients. Different components of herbal/edible plants, known as flavonoids, have recently garnered attention due to their broad biological properties (e.g., antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective). These flavonoids have shown anticancer activity by affecting different signaling cascades. This article summarizes the key progress made in this area and discusses the role of flavonoids by specifically inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in various cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torki A. Zughaibi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Tarique
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Biomolecules: Molecular Targets Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910774. [PMID: 34639131 PMCID: PMC8509806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This report explores the available curative molecules directed against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Limited efficiency as well as other drawbacks of existing molecules led to the search for promising potential alternatives. Understanding of the cell signaling mechanisms propelling carcinogenesis and driven by cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis can offer valuable information for the investigation of efficient treatment strategies. The complexity of the mechanisms behind carcinogenesis inspires researchers to explore the ability of various biomolecules to target specific pathways. Natural components occurring mainly in food and medicinal plants, are considered an essential resource for discovering new and promising therapeutic molecules. Novel biomolecules normally have an advantage in terms of biosafety. They are also widely diverse and often possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Based on quantitative structure-activity relationship studies, biomolecules can be used as templates for chemical modifications that improve efficiency, safety, and bioavailability. In this review, we focus on anti-HCC biomolecules that have their molecular targets partially or completely characterized as well as having anti-cancer molecular mechanisms that are fairly described.
Collapse
|
13
|
Akter M, Atique Ullah AKM, Banik S, Sikder MT, Hosokawa T, Saito T, Kurasaki M. Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles-Mediated Cytotoxic Effect in Colorectal Cancer Cells: NF-κB Signal Induced Apoptosis Through Autophagy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3272-3286. [PMID: 33236292 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have demonstrated promising effects, including cytotoxicity and anticancer potential, in different cell lines. Therefore, in our previous study, Ag-NPs were synthesized from the reduction of AgNO3 using Brassica rapa var. japonica (Bj) leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized Ag-NPs were spherical in shape, with a size range of 15-30 nm. They had phase-centered cubic structure with strong growth inhibition potential against some bacteria. In continuation with our previous study, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the autophagy-regulated cytotoxic effect of Ag-NPs against human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2 cells). We found that the Bj leaf aqueous extract facilitated Brassica silver nanoparticles (Brassica Ag-NPs)-induced NF-κB mediated autophagy in Caco-2 cells. Results showed that Ag-NPs reduced cell viability of Caco-2 cells by inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage. Therefore, to understand the mechanism underlying the death-promoting activity of Ag-NPs in Caco-2 cells, western blotting was performed. Western blot analysis showed decreased expression of NFκB and increased expression of IκB, which is a sign of autophagy initiation. In addition, autophagosome formation was accelerated by the activity of p53 and light chain 3 (LC3) II. In addition, inhibition of Akt and mTOR also played a pivotal role in autophagy formation. Finally, excessive expansion of autophagy promoted apoptosis, which subsequently resulted in necrosis. These findings support a novel cell death-promoting function of autophagy by Ag-NPs in Caco-2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmuda Akter
- Group of Environmental Adaptation Science, Faculty of Environmental Earth Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - A K M Atique Ullah
- Nanoscience and Technology Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Subrata Banik
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Toshiyuki Hosokawa
- Research Division of Higher Education, Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0817, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Group of Environmental Adaptation Science, Faculty of Environmental Earth Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang DY, Zhou X, Liu ZW, Xu XQ, Liu C. LncRNA NEAT1 accelerates renal tubular epithelial cell damage by modulating mitophagy via miR-150-5p-DRP1 axis in diabetic nephropathy. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1631-1642. [PMID: 33914383 DOI: 10.1113/ep089547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes correlated with a higher mortality rate in diabetic patients. Renal tubular injury participates in the pathogenesis of DN. We aimed to uncover the biological function of the NEAT1-miR-150-5p-DRP1 axis in an in vitro model of DN and elaborate the potential mechanisms. What is the main finding and its importance? NEAT1 facilitated high glucose-induced damage in HK-2 cells by reducing mitophagy via the miR-150-5p-DRP1 axis, which sheds light on DN pathogenesis and reveals a potential treatment for DN. ABSTRACT Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication in diabetic patients, with a high mortality rate. Renal tubular injury is involved in the pathogenesis of DN. In this study, we aimed to uncover the regulatory roles of the NEAT1-miR-150-5p-DRP1 axis in an in vitro model of DN and its possible mechanisms. High glucose-challenged HK-2 cells were used as an in vitro DN model. NEAT1, miR-150-5p and DRP1 levels were assessed by RT-qPCR. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. MitoSOX Red and JC-1 were used to evaluate intracellular production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase release and superoxide dismutase activity were assessed with commercial kits. The protein levels of DRP1, p62, BECN1(beclin 1) and BNIP3 were determined by western blotting. The interaction between NEAT1 (DRP1) and miR-150-5p was verified by a dual-luciferase reporter assay and an RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Our results showed that in response to high glucose the NEAT1 and DRP1 levels were upregulated, whereas the miR-150-5p level was downregulated in HK-2 cells. Knockdown of NEAT1 or DRP1 in high glucose-challenged HK-2 cells inhibited excessive reactive oxygen species production and lactate dehydrogenase release, increased cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide dismutase activity and enhanced mitophagy. Inhibition of miR-150-5p resulted in the opposite results. Mechanistically, NEAT1 sponged miR-150-5p to increase the DRP1 level. Moreover, silencing of NEAT1 or DRP1 could counteract miR-150-5p inhibition-induced deleterious effects. Collectively, our findings indicate that NEAT1 facilitates high glucose-induced damage in HK-2 cells by suppressing mitophagy via the miR-150-5p-DRP 1 axis, which sheds light on a novel mechanism of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xiang-Qing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Chan Liu
- International Medical Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ponte LGS, Pavan ICB, Mancini MCS, da Silva LGS, Morelli AP, Severino MB, Bezerra RMN, Simabuco FM. The Hallmarks of Flavonoids in Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:2029. [PMID: 33918290 PMCID: PMC8038160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids represent an important group of bioactive compounds derived from plant-based foods and beverages with known biological activity in cells. From the modulation of inflammation to the inhibition of cell proliferation, flavonoids have been described as important therapeutic adjuvants against several diseases, including diabetes, arteriosclerosis, neurological disorders, and cancer. Cancer is a complex and multifactor disease that has been studied for years however, its prevention is still one of the best known and efficient factors impacting the epidemiology of the disease. In the molecular and cellular context, some of the mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and the progression of the disease are understood, known as the hallmarks of cancer. In this text, we review important molecular signaling pathways, including inflammation, immunity, redox metabolism, cell growth, autophagy, apoptosis, and cell cycle, and analyze the known mechanisms of action of flavonoids in cancer. The current literature provides enough evidence supporting that flavonoids may be important adjuvants in cancer therapy, highlighting the importance of healthy and balanced diets to prevent the onset and progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gustavo Saboia Ponte
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
- Laboratory of Signal Mechanisms (LMS), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camargo Silva Mancini
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Luiz Guilherme Salvino da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Ana Paula Morelli
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Matheus Brandemarte Severino
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Rosangela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (L.G.S.P.); (I.C.B.P.); (M.C.S.M.); (L.G.S.d.S.); (A.P.M.); (M.B.S.); (R.M.N.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Weng Q, Chen J, Li M, Han J. Oroxylin A attenuates IL-1β-induced inflammatory reaction via inhibiting the activation of the ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:388. [PMID: 33680110 PMCID: PMC7918508 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by degradation of the articular cartilage, synovium inflammation, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation. OA is the most common degenerative joint disorder among the elderly population. In particular, currently available therapeutic strategies, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may cause severe side-effects. Therefore, novel candidate targets for OA therapy are urgently needed. Oroxylin A (OrA) is a natural mono-flavonoid that can be extracted from Scutellariae radix. The present study aimed to investigate the potential effects of OrA on interleukin (IL)-1β-induced chondrocytes inflammatory reactions. The current study performed quantitative PCR, western blotting and cell immunofluorescence to evaluate the effect of Oroxylin A in chondrocyte inflammation. The results demonstrated that OrA significantly attenuated the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 by IL-1β at both protein and mRNA levels. IL-1β-stimulated upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-13 expression, in addition to disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4 and ADAMTS-5 expression, were all inhibited by OrA. Treatment with OrA significantly reversed the degradation of type II collagen and aggrecan by IL-1β. Mechanistically, OrA suppressed the IL-1β induced activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In conclusion, these findings suggest that OrA can serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyan Weng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Spine, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kouroumalis E, Voumvouraki A, Augoustaki A, Samonakis DN. Autophagy in liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:6-65. [PMID: 33584986 PMCID: PMC7856864 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the liver cell energy recycling system regulating a variety of homeostatic mechanisms. Damaged organelles, lipids and proteins are degraded in the lysosomes and their elements are re-used by the cell. Investigations on autophagy have led to the award of two Nobel Prizes and a health of important reports. In this review we describe the fundamental functions of autophagy in the liver including new data on the regulation of autophagy. Moreover we emphasize the fact that autophagy acts like a two edge sword in many occasions with the most prominent paradigm being its involvement in the initiation and progress of hepatocellular carcinoma. We also focused to the implication of autophagy and its specialized forms of lipophagy and mitophagy in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. We analyzed autophagy not only in well studied diseases, like alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver and liver fibrosis but also in viral hepatitis, biliary diseases, autoimmune hepatitis and rare diseases including inherited metabolic diseases and also acetaminophene hepatotoxicity. We also stressed the different consequences that activation or impairment of autophagy may have in hepatocytes as opposed to Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells or hepatic stellate cells. Finally, we analyzed the limited clinical data compared to the extensive experimental evidence and the possible future therapeutic interventions based on autophagy manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kouroumalis
- Liver Research Laboratory, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Argryro Voumvouraki
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Augoustaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Samonakis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
AMPK-Dependent Mechanisms but Not Hypothalamic Lipid Signaling Mediates GH-Secretory Responses to GHRH and Ghrelin. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091940. [PMID: 32839401 PMCID: PMC7564832 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GH (growth hormone) secretion/action is modulated by alterations in energy homeostasis, such as malnutrition and obesity. Recent data have uncovered the mechanism by which hypothalamic neurons sense nutrient bioavailability, with a relevant contribution of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and mTOR (mammalian Target of Rapamycin), as sensors of cellular energy status. However, whether central AMPK-mediated lipid signaling and mTOR participate in the regulation of pituitary GH secretion remains unexplored. We provide herein evidence for the involvement of hypothalamic AMPK signaling, but not hypothalamic lipid metabolism or CPT-1 (carnitine palmitoyltransferase I) activity, in the regulation of GH stimulatory responses to the two major elicitors of GH release in vivo, namely GHRH (growth hormone–releasing hormone) and ghrelin. This effect appeared to be GH-specific, as blocking of hypothalamic AMPK failed to influence GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)-induced LH (luteinizing hormone) secretion. Additionally, central mTOR inactivation did not alter GH responses to GHRH or ghrelin, nor this blockade affected LH responses to GnRH in vivo. In sum, we document here for the first time the indispensable and specific role of preserved central AMPK, but not mTOR, signaling, through a non-canonical lipid signaling pathway, for proper GH responses to GHRH and ghrelin in vivo.
Collapse
|
19
|
Luo HC, Yi TZ, Huang FG, Wei Y, Luo XP, Luo QS. Role of long noncoding RNA MEG3/miR-378/GRB2 axis in neuronal autophagy and neurological functional impairment in ischemic stroke. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14125-14139. [PMID: 32605923 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been shown to maintain neural system homeostasis during stroke. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal autophagy in ischemic stroke remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of the pathway consisting of MEG3 (maternally expressed gene 3), microRNA-378 (miR-378), and GRB2 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) in neuronal autophagy and neurological functional impairment in ischemic stroke. A mouse model of the middle cerebral artery occluded-induced ischemic stroke and an in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury were developed. To understand the role of the MEG3/miR-378/GRB2 axis in the neuronal regulation, the expression of proteins associated with autophagy in neurons was measured by Western blotting analysis, and neuron death was evaluated using a lactate dehydrogenase leakage rate test. First, it was found that the GRB2 gene, up-regulated in middle cerebral artery occluded-operated mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation-exposed neurons, was a target gene of miR-378. Next, miR-378 inhibited neuronal loss and neurological functional impairment in mice, as well as neuronal autophagy and neuronal death by silencing of GRB2. Confirmatory in vitro experiments showed that MEG3 could specifically bind to miR-378 and subsequently up-regulate the expression of GRB2, which in turn suppressed the activation of Akt/mTOR pathway. Taken together, these findings suggested that miR-378 might protect against neuronal autophagy and neurological functional impairment and proposed that a MEG3/miR-378/GRB2 regulatory axis contributed to better understanding of the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Cheng Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ting-Zhuang Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Fu-Gao Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu Y, Qian X, Li J, Lin X, Luo J, Huang J, Jin Z. Astragaloside-IV protects H9C2(2-1) cardiomyocytes from high glucose-induced injury via miR-34a-mediated autophagy pathway. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:4172-4181. [PMID: 31713440 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1687492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cardiac disorder in patients with diabetes. High glucose (HG) levels lead to inflammation of cardiomyocytes, oxidative stress, and long-term activation of autophagy, resulting in myocardial fibrosis and remodelling. Astragaloside-IV (AS-IV) has a wide range of pharmacological effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AS-IV on injury induced by HG in rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2(2-1)) and the involvement of the miR-34a-mediated autophagy pathway. An AS-IV concentration of 100 μM was selected based on H9C2(2-1) cell viability using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). We found that 33 mM HG induced a morphologic change in cells and caused excessive oxidative stress, whereas AS-IV inhibited lipid peroxidation and increased superoxide dismutase activity. In terms of mRNA expression, HG increased miR-34a and inhibited Bcl2 and Sirt1, whereas AS-IV and miR-34a-inhibitor reversed the above effects. Further, LC3-GFP adenovirus infection and western blotting showed that HG increased autophagy, which was reversed synergistically by AS-IV and miR-34a-inhibitor. Bcl2 and pAKT/AKT protein expressions in the HG group was significantly lower than that in controls, but AS-IV and miR-34a-inhibitor antagonized the process. Thus, AS-IV inhibits HG-induced oxidative stress and autophagy and protects cardiomyocytes from injury via the miR-34a/Bcl2/(LC3II/LC3I) and pAKT/Bcl2/(LC3II/LC3I) pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaobin Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qian
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xing Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiewei Luo
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Huang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gao Y, Zhang Y, Fan Y. Eupafolin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 22:1340-1346. [PMID: 32128100 PMCID: PMC7038429 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.37748.8977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective(s): Eupafolin, a major active component of Eupatorium perfoliatum L., has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is responsible for myocardial depression. A line of evidences revealed that LPS induces autophagy in cardiomyocytes injury. This study aims to evaluate the effects of eupafolin on LPS-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy. Materials and Methods: The effect of LPS on cell viability was examined by CCK-8. Autophagic protein 2 light chain 3 (LC3II), which was regulated by LPS and eupafolin, was examined using immunofluorescent staining. The expression levels of Beclin-1 and p62 were detected by western blotting. The effects of eupafolin on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/ protein kinase B/ mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway were also evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Results: Eupafolin pretreatment reduced the expression of LC3II and Beclin-1, whereas p62 was significant increased. In addition, eupafolin promoted expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin reversed the inhibitory effects on LPS-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy. Conclusion: Eupafolin exerts anti-autophagy activity via activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Function Testing Lab, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- ICU Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital. Xi'an, Shaanxi P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- Obstetrical Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital. Xi'an, Shaanxi P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kiruthiga C, Devi KP, Nabavi SM, Bishayee A. Autophagy: A Potential Therapeutic Target of Polyphenols in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030562. [PMID: 32121322 PMCID: PMC7139730 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved biological phenomenon that maintains cellular homeostasis through the clearing of damaged cellular components under cellular stress and offers the cell building blocks for cellular survival. Aberrations in autophagy subsidize to various human pathologies, such as dementia, cardiovascular diseases, leishmaniosis, influenza, hepatic diseases, and cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is the fifth common mortal type of liver cancer globally, with an inhomogeneous topographical distribution and highest incidence tripled in men than women. Existing treatment procedures with liver cancer patients result in variable success rates and poor prognosis due to their drug resistance and toxicity. One of the pathophysiological mechanisms that are targeted during the development of anti-liver cancer drugs is autophagy. Generally, overactivated autophagy may lead to a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death (PCD) or autophagic cell death or type II PCD. Emerging evidence suggests that manipulation of autophagy could induce type II PCD in cancer cells, acting as a potential tumor suppressor. Hence, altering autophagic signaling offers new hope for the development of novel drugs for the therapy of resistant cancer cells. Natural polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids and non-flavonoids, execute their anticarcinogenic mechanism through upregulating tumor suppressors and autophagy by modulating canonical (Beclin-1-dependent) and non-canonical (Beclin-1-independent) signaling pathways. Additionally, there is evidence signifying that plant polyphenols target angiogenesis and metastasis in HCC via interference with multiple intracellular signals and decrease the risk against HCC. The current review offers a comprehensive understanding of how natural polyphenolic compounds exhibit their anti-HCC effects through regulation of autophagy, the non-apoptotic mode of cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandramohan Kiruthiga
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Correspondence: (K.P.D.); or (A.B.); Tel.: +91-4565223325 (K.P.D.); +1-941-782-5950 (A.B.)
| | - Seyed M. Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran;
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
- Correspondence: (K.P.D.); or (A.B.); Tel.: +91-4565223325 (K.P.D.); +1-941-782-5950 (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rezazadeh D, Norooznezhad AH, Mansouri K, Jahani M, Mostafaie A, Mohammadi MH, Modarressi MH. Rapamycin Reduces Cervical Cancer Cells Viability in Hypoxic Condition: Investigation of the Role of Autophagy and Apoptosis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4239-4247. [PMID: 32547058 PMCID: PMC7244242 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapamycin has been known as an anti-cancer agent that affects different malignancies such as glioblastoma and prostate cancer. However, there are few studies concerning rapamycin effects on the cervical cancer cells. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the possible effect of rapamycin on a cervical cancer cell line and explored the possible mechanism(s) and pathway(s) for this agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS To do so, HeLa cells as cervical cancer cell line were used and treated with different concentrations of rapamycin under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Then, cell viability assays, Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QR-PCR), acridine orange and acridine orange/propidium iodide staining were performed to evaluate rapamycin effect on the mentioned cell line. RESULTS The results showed that autophagy and apoptosis-related genes increased significantly in rapamycin-treated HeLa cells compared to controls. Moreover, cervical cancer cell death by rapamycin-induced autophagy in hypoxia was greater than normoxia compared with controls. In this study, it was showed that autophagy induction by rapamycin can mediate programmed cell death of cervical cancer cells, especially in hypoxic condition. CONCLUSION These findings provide a new evidence that rapamycin may inhibit hypoxic HeLa cell proliferation through the trigger of programmed cell death, facilitating the development of novel anti-cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davood Rezazadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Norooznezhad
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Jahani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Mostafaie
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- HSCT Research Center, Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Modarressi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence: Mohammad Hossein Modarressi Email
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guo X, Zhang Y, Lu C, Qu F, Jiang X. Protective effect of hyperoside on heart failure rats via attenuating myocardial apoptosis and inducing autophagy. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:714-724. [PMID: 31797747 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1685369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the most severe heart conditions, which lacks effective therapies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more efficient drugs for HF. In this study, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of hyperoside against the pathological progression of HF. Thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) was performed to induce HF in rats. Hyperoside treatment improved cardiac function, decreased cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) ratio in HF rats. Moreover, hyperoside administration repressed apoptosis as evidenced by changing apoptosis-related protein levels, and promoted autophagy in TAC rats and angiotensin II (AngII)-induced H9C2 cells. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) attenuated the beneficial effect of hyperoside against apoptosis in H9C2 cells. In summary, these data confirm that hyperoside effectively alleviates HF via suppressing apoptosis and inducing autophagy, which provides evidence that hyperoside may serve as a promising natural drug for treating HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- Heart Center, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Lu
- Heart Center, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Qu
- Heart Center, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyan Jiang
- Heart Center, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Triggering apoptosis by oroxylin A through caspase-8 activation and p62/SQSTM1 proteolysis. Redox Biol 2019; 29:101392. [PMID: 31926620 PMCID: PMC6909190 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that oroxylin A exhibits antitumor effects by inducing cell apoptosis. However, the involved molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here we report that the apoptosis induced by oroxylin A was dependent on p62-mediated activation of caspase-8 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Furthermore, oroxylin A also caused p62/SQSTM1 proteolysis at Asp329 by activating caspase-8. Further studies confirm that mutation in p62 (D329H and D329G) was resistant to oroxylin A-mediated p62 cleavage and apoptosis. Due to the absence of the KIR domain that interacts with Keap1, the cleaved p62 reduced the stability of Nrf2, thereby causing oxidative stress and increasing ROS levels. In vivo, p62 similarly contributed to oroxylin A-exerted antitumor effect in xenograft model inoculated SMMC-7721 tumor. In conclusion, our findings indicated that oroxylin A triggered apoptosis through caspase-8 activation and p62/SQSTM1 proteolysis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ge C, Zhang J, Feng F. Salidroside enhances the anti-cancerous effect of imatinib on human acute monocytic leukemia via the induction of autophagy-related apoptosis through AMPK activation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25022-25033. [PMID: 35528698 PMCID: PMC9070041 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01683j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As the typical tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib has been the first-line antineoplastic agent for both chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, a large number of patients are still resistant to the benefits of imatinib, and they have a dissatisfactory prognosis. Salidroside, a compound that is extracted from natural plants, has been reported to have an excellent anticancer effect and few side effects. In the present study, we have developed a new combination therapy strategy of salidroside and imatinib for combating the growth of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. As demonstrated by the anti-proliferation assay, salidroside exhibited excellent cytotoxicity against myeloid leukemia cells. Moreover, cells treated by the combination therapy of salidroside and imatinib displayed a clear lower growth rate than cells only treated by imatinib, indicating that salidroside has a positive effect on enhancing the cytotoxicity of imatinib against leukemia cells. Subsequently, the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results revealed that autophagy marker proteins in leukemia cells, including LC3, p62, and Beclin1, displayed a significant expression change after treating them with salidroside plus imatinib, with the levels of LC3 and Beclin1 dramatically increasing while the expression of p62 was significantly decreased. Moreover, an obvious down-regulation of p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR expression levels in leukemia cells after treatment with salidroside plus imatinib suggested that the PI3K/mTOR pathway plays an important role in the process of cell apoptosis induced by salidroside or imatinib. Further studies showed that pre-incubating the cells with an autophagy inhibitor dramatically inhibited the ability of imatinib to induce autophagy, but did not inhibit the ability of salidroside. The underlying causes were subsequently explored and the results showed that silencing AMPKα1, the most important regulator of autophagy, dramatically attenuates the ability of salidroside to induce cell apoptosis. These results together indicated that salidroside enhances the cytotoxicity of imatinib on acute monocytic leukemia via the induction of autophagy-related apoptosis through AMPK activation. The unique advantages of combination therapy were further confirmed by in vivo experiments, with the tumor-bearing cells treated with salidroside plus imatinib achieving the best anti-tumor effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiyu Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College Meicheng Road No. 4 Huaian City Jiangsu Province 223003 P. R. China
| | - Junli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College Meicheng Road No. 4 Huaian City Jiangsu Province 223003 P. R. China
| | - Feng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College Meicheng Road No. 4 Huaian City Jiangsu Province 223003 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tu Y, Zhu S, Wang J, Burstein E, Jia D. Natural compounds in the chemoprevention of alcoholic liver disease. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2192-2212. [PMID: 31264302 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), caused by excessive consumption of alcohol, is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Much effort has been expended to explore the pathogenesis of ALD. Hepatic cell injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, regeneration, and bacterial translocation are all involved in the pathogenesis of ALD. Immediate abstinence is the most important therapeutic treatment for affected individuals. However, the medical treatment for ALD had not advanced in a long period. Intriguingly, an increasing body of research indicates the potential of natural compounds in the targeted therapy of ALD. A plethora of dietary natural products such as flavonoids, resveratrol, saponins, and β-carotene are found to exert protective effects on ALD. This occurs through various mechanisms composed of antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, iron chelation, pro-apoptosis, and/or antiproliferation of hepatic stellate cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge about the pathogenesis and treatments of ALD and focus on the potential of natural compounds in ALD therapies and underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Foresight and Evaluation Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ke PY. Diverse Functions of Autophagy in Liver Physiology and Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E300. [PMID: 30642133 PMCID: PMC6358975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process by which eukaryotic cells eliminate cytosolic materials through vacuole-mediated sequestration and subsequent delivery to lysosomes for degradation, thus maintaining cellular homeostasis and the integrity of organelles. Autophagy has emerged as playing a critical role in the regulation of liver physiology and the balancing of liver metabolism. Conversely, numerous recent studies have indicated that autophagy may disease-dependently participate in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, such as liver hepatitis, steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the functions of autophagy in hepatic metabolism and the contribution of autophagy to the pathophysiology of liver-related diseases. Moreover, the impacts of autophagy modulation on the amelioration of the development and progression of liver diseases are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li C, Dong Y, Wang L, Xu G, Yang Q, Tang X, Qiao Y, Cong Z. Ginsenoside metabolite compound K induces apoptosis and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer cells via AMPK-mTOR and JNK pathways. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:406-414. [PMID: 30475650 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound K [C-K; 20-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol], as a metabolite of ginsenoside, has been verified to have antitumor effects in various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the detailed mechanisms of C-K in NSCLC remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of C-K on apoptosis and autophagy in NSCLC cells as well as its related mechanisms. According to the results, C-K suppressed the proliferation, and led to G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in A549 and H1975 cells. Subsequently, C-K promoted autophagy, as confirmed by the enhanced rate of cells staining positive with acridine orange, increased levels of LC3II and Beclin-1, and with decreased levels of p62 in A549 and H1975 cells. Moreover, 3-methyladenine (3-MA; an inhibitor of autophagy) effectively suppressed the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis that was induced with C-K. Finally, C-K treatment promoted the activation of the AMPK-mTOR and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. Treatment with compound C (AMPK inhibitor) or SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) significantly restrained the inhibition of proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy induced with C-K in A549 and H1975 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that C-K promotes autophagy-mediated apoptosis in NSCLC via AMPK-mTOR and JNK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, The General Hospital of First Automotive Works, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchao Dong
- b Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Wang
- c Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongbin Xu
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, The General Hospital of First Automotive Works, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, The General Hospital of First Automotive Works, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Tang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, The General Hospital of First Automotive Works, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Qiao
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, The General Hospital of First Automotive Works, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghuang Cong
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, The General Hospital of First Automotive Works, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130011, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tian J, Shen R, Yan Y, Deng L. miR-186 promotes tumor growth in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting apoptotic protease activating factor-1. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4010-4018. [PMID: 30344679 PMCID: PMC6176155 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) accounts for 20% of non-melanoma skin cancer worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a subtype of non-coding RNA associated with the progression of various types of human cancer. MiR-186 has been demonstrated to act as an oncogene in human tumors. However, the role of miR-186 in cSCC remains unclear. The expression of miR-186 and apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF1) was examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunofluorescence. The correlation between miR-186 and APAF1 was determined using a dual-luciferase assay. Mimics or inhibitors of miR-186 were transfected into A-431 cells to establish cell lines with overexpressed or knocked-down miR-186, respectively. EdU staining and colony formation assays were performed to detect cell proliferation. Transwell and wound-healing assays were performed to analyze cell invasion and migration, respectively. Hoechst staining and flow cytometry were performed to assess cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. MiR-186 expression was significantly increased, while APAF1 expression was significantly decreased in cSCC tissues compared with the controls. An miR-186 binding site was predicted in APAF1 and their expression was negatively correlated in cSCC tissues. Cell proliferation, invasion and migration were significantly enhanced in the miR-186-overexpressed A-431 cells and attenuated in miR-186 knockdown cells compared with the control. APAF1 expression was regulated by miR-186, while APAF1 knockdown significantly promoted cell invasion and inhibited cell apoptosis. In summary, the results of the present study indicate that miR-186 serves as an oncogene in cSCC by inhibiting APAF1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Rui Shen
- Department of Plastic Cosmetic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhang Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianhe District Chronic Disease Prophylactic-Therapeutic Institution, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510599, P.R. China
| | - Liehua Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A metabolomic approach to identify anti-hepatocarcinogenic compounds from plants used traditionally in the treatment of liver diseases. Fitoterapia 2018; 127:226-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
32
|
Nrf2-p62 autophagy pathway and its response to oxidative stress in hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Res 2018; 193:54-71. [PMID: 29274776 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of autophagy is proposed to play a key pathogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary malignancy of the liver and the third leading cause of cancer death. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process activated to degrade and recycle cell's components. Under stress conditions, such as oxidative stress and nutrient deprivation, autophagy is an essential survival pathway that operates in harmony with other stress response pathways. These include the redox-sensitive transcription complex Nrf2-Keap1 that controls groups of genes with roles in detoxification and antioxidant processes, intermediary metabolism, and cell cycle regulation. Recently, a functional association between a dysfunctional autophagy and Nrf2 pathway activation has been identified in HCC. This appears to occur through the physical interaction of the autophagy adaptor p62 with the Nrf2 inhibitor Keap1, thus leading to increased stabilization and transcriptional activity of Nrf2, a key event in reprogramming metabolic and stress response pathways of proliferating hepatocarcinoma cells. These emerging molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic perspective of targeting Nrf2-p62 interaction in HCC are discussed in this paper along with the prognostic value of autophagy in this type of cancer.
Collapse
|
33
|
Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Cheung F, Hong M, Feng Y. The Potential and Action Mechanism of Polyphenols in the Treatment of Liver Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8394818. [PMID: 29507653 PMCID: PMC5817364 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8394818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease, involving a wide range of liver pathologies from fatty liver, hepatitis, and fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, is a serious health problem worldwide. In recent years, many natural foods and herbs with abundant phytochemicals have been proposed as health supplementation for patients with hepatic disorders. As an important category of phytochemicals, natural polyphenols have attracted increasing attention as potential agents for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. The striking capacities in remitting oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammation put polyphenols in the spotlight for the therapies of liver diseases. It has been reported that many polyphenols from a wide range of foods and herbs exert therapeutic effects on liver injuries via complicated mechanisms. Therefore, it is necessary to have a systematical review to sort out current researches to help better understand the potentials of polyphenols in liver diseases. In this review, we aim to summarize and update the existing evidence of natural polyphenols in the treatment of various liver diseases by in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, while special attention is paid to the action mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Pok Fu Lam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fan Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ming Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Pok Fu Lam, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jin H, Lian N, Bian M, Zhang C, Chen X, Shao J, Wu L, Chen A, Guo Q, Zhang F, Zheng S. Oroxylin A inhibits ethanol-induced hepatocyte senescence via YAP pathway. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12431. [PMID: 29318697 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oroxylin A, a natural flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, has been reported to have anti-hepatic injury effects. However, the effects of oroxylin A on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of oroxylin A on ALD and the potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male ICR mice and human hepatocyte cell line LO2 were used. Yes-associated protein (YAP) overexpression and knockdown were achieved using plasmid and siRNA technique. Cellular senescence was assessed by analyses of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), senescence marker p16, p21, Hmga1, cell cycle and telomerase activity. RESULTS Oroxylin A alleviated ethanol-induced hepatocyte damage by suppressing activities of supernatant marker enzymes. We found that oroxylin A inhibited ethanol-induced hepatocyte senescence by decreasing the number of SA-β-gal-positive LO2 cells and reducing the expression of senescence markers p16, p21 and Hmga1 in vitro. Moreover, oroxylin A affected the cell cycle and telomerase activity. Of importance, we revealed that YAP pharmacological inhibitor verteporfin or YAP siRNA eliminated the effect of oroxylin A on ethanol-induced hepatocyte senescence in vitro, and this was further supported by the evidence in vivo experiments. CONCLUSION Therefore, these aggregated data suggested that oroxylin A relieved alcoholic liver injury possibly by inhibiting the senescence of hepatocyte, which was dependent on its activation of YAP in hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Naqi Lian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mianli Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingran Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qinglong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hu J, Wu H, Wang D, Yang Z, Zhuang L, Yang N, Dong J. Weicao capsule ameliorates renal injury through increasing autophagy and NLRP3 degradation in UAN rats. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:1-8. [PMID: 29305119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid nephropathy (UAN) is one of the most common metabolic diseases and leads to kidney damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Weicao capsule on renal injury of UAN rats and to examine whether the mechanism was associated with induction of autophagy and degradation of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (Nod)-like receptor (NLR) protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups: Control, Model, Allopurinol, and Weicao (0.55/1.1/2.2 g/kg) group. The data showed activation of renal NLRP3 inflammasome in UAN rats, with elevation in serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, and subsequent deterioration of renal injury. Fortunately, Weicao had a markedly therapeutic effect on UAN rats, including improving renal function-related indexes, ameliorating hyperuricemia-related inflammation, decreasing crystals in renal tissue and alleviating renal interstitial fibrosis. Additionally, Weicao exerted anti-proliferative and anti-apoptosis effects on rat renal tubular epithelial cell NRK-52E in macrophages from UAN rats. Our investigation into the mechanism revealed that Weicao suppressed the activated NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, Weicao induced autophagy, as evidenced by a dose-dependent increase in levels of renal autophagy-related proteins in UAN rats. Moreover, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA and NLRP3 activator ATP blocked the effect of Weicao on autophagy induction and NLRP3 inflammasome degradation. In conclusion, Weicao had similar effects as allopurinol and exerted anti-inflammatory and renal-protective effect in a concentration-dependent manner in UAN rats, most likely through increasing autophagy and NLRP3 degradation. Our study provides new insight into the underlying mechanism of Weicao in the treatment of UAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacai Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Daochun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lihua Zhuang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Junjun Dong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cheng CS, Chen J, Tan HY, Wang N, Chen Z, Feng Y. Scutellaria baicalensis and Cancer Treatment: Recent Progress and Perspectives in Biomedical and Clinical Studies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:25-54. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis (Huangqin in Chinese) is a major traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herb, which has a long history of use in the treatment of a variety of symptoms correlated with cancer. In the past decade, the potential of S. baicalensis and single compounds derived from it as anticancer agents targeting various pathways has received extensive research attention. Specifically, the proliferation and metastases inhibiting properties of the single compounds in cancer have been studied; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review summarizes the various mechanisms, pathways and molecular targets involved in the anticancer activity of S. baicalensis and its single compounds. However, the aim of this review is to provide a more thorough view of the last 10 years to link traditional use with modern research and to highlight recently discovered molecular mechanisms. Extracts and major flavonoids derived from S. baicalensis have been found to possess anticancer effects in multiple cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation is warranted to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to discover novel targets and cancer therapeutic drugs that may improve both the survival and quality of life of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Shan Cheng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cao J, Chen H, Lu W, Wu Y, Wu X, Xia D, Zhu J. Myricetin Induces Protective Autophagy by Inhibiting the Phosphorylation of mTOR in HepG2 Cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 301:786-795. [PMID: 29244256 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Cao
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Hanwen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xue L, Zhang WJ, Fan QX, Wang LX. Licochalcone A inhibits PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway activation and promotes autophagy in breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1869-1873. [PMID: 29399197 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that Licochalcone A possesses anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-bacterial, anti-malarial and anti-parasitic activities. In the present study the potential anticancer effects of Licochalcone A on MCF-7 cells were investigated. Licochalcone A significantly decreased cell viability and promoted autophagy and apoptosis, as demonstrated by an MTT assay, acridine orange staining and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate staining, respectively. Western blot analyses demonstrated that Licochalcone A treatment activated the LC3-II signaling pathway while suppressing the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/RAC-α serine-threonine-protein kinase (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. In addition, Licochalcone A significantly increased caspase-3 activity and significantly decreased B-cell lymphoma-2 expression. The results from the present study indicate that Licochalcone A inhibits PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation, and promotes autophagy and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xue
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Xia Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Xing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
AEG-1/MTDH-activated autophagy enhances human malignant glioma susceptibility to TGF-β1-triggered epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13122-38. [PMID: 26909607 PMCID: PMC4914346 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a tightly regulated process activated in response to metabolic stress and other microenvironmental changes. Astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG-1) reportedly induces protective autophagy. Our results indicate that AEG-1 also enhances the susceptibility of malignant glioma cells to TGF-β1-triggered epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through induction of autophagy. TGF-β1 induced autophagy and activated AEG-1 via Smad2/3 phosphorylation in malignant glioma cells. Also increased was oncogene cyclin D1 and EMT markers, which promoted tumor progression. Inhibition of autophagy using siRNA-BECN1 and siRNA-AEG-1 suppressed EMT. In tumor samples from patients with malignant glioma, immunohistochemical assays showed that expression levels of TGF-β1, AEG-1, and markers of autophagy and EMT, all gradually increase with glioblastoma progression. In vivo siRNA-AEG-1 administration to rats implanted with C6 glioma cells inhibited tumor growth and increased the incidence of apoptosis among tumor cells. These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying the invasiveness and progression of malignant gliomas.
Collapse
|
40
|
Wei L, Dai Y, Zhou Y, He Z, Yao J, Zhao L, Guo Q, Yang L. Oroxylin A activates PKM1/HNF4 alpha to induce hepatoma differentiation and block cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2944. [PMID: 28726775 PMCID: PMC5550876 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second cause of death from cancer worldwide, without effective treatment. Traditional chemotherapy for liver cancer has big side effects for patients, whereas targeted drugs, such as sorafenib, commonly have drug resistance. Oroxylin A (OA) is the main bioactive flavonoids of Scutellariae radix, which has strong anti-hepatoma effect but low toxicity to normal tissue. To date, no differentiation-inducing agents have been reported to exert a curative effect on solid tumors. Here our results demonstrated that OA restrained the proliferation and induced differentiation of hepatoma both in vitro and in vivo, via inducing a high PKM1 (pyruvate kinase M1)/PKM2 (pyruvate kinase M2) ratio. In addition, inhibited expression of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein by OA was in charge of the decrease of PKM2 and increase of PKM1. Further studies demonstrated that increased PKM1 translocated into the nucleus and bound with HNF-4α (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha) directly, promoting the transcription of HNF-4α-targeted genes. This work suggested that OA increased PKM1/PKM2 ratio, resulting in HNF-4α activation and hepatoma differentiation. Especially, OA showed reliable anticancer effect on both human primary hepatocellular carcinoma cells and patient-derived tumor xenograft model for hepatoma, and slowed down the development of primary hepatoma, suggesting that OA could be developed into a novel differentiation inducer agent for hepatoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihao He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyue Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 24 Tongjiaxiang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu X, Wang Y, Cao Z, Dou C, Bai Y, Liu C, Dong S, Fei J. Staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid promotes osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells by increasing autophagic activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:421-426. [PMID: 28216157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to explore the effect of staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) on autophagy in mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and then influence osteogenesis through the change of autophagy. C3H10T1/2 cells were induced by osteogenic medium with the treatment of LTA at different concentrations (1, 5, 10 μg/mL); 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used as the autophagy inhibitor, and rapamycin (rapamycin, Rap) were used to activate autophagy; the effects on osteogenesis were detected by alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, real-time quantitative PCR, and western blotting; autophagic activity was investigated by the expression of LC3-Ⅱand p62 proteins. Compared with control group, the expression of osteogenesis markers was significantly up-regulated with the LTA treatment on the mRNA and protein level; the positive rate of alkaline phosphatase was enhanced in the LTA groups; and the formation of calcium nodules was increased simultaneously. The expression of LC3-Ⅱ protein was increased in LTA groups, while the expression of p62 protein was decreased. Inhibition of autophagy significantly reduced the effect of LTA on osteogenesis of MSCs; the promotion of LTA on osteogenic differentiation was further enhanced when adding rapamycin to activate autophagic activity. It provides new insight of prevention and treatment for bone infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Center of Trauma of PLA, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Center of Trauma of PLA, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ce Dou
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jun Fei
- Center of Trauma of PLA, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lu L, Guo Q, Zhao L. Overview of Oroxylin A: A Promising Flavonoid Compound. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1765-1774. [PMID: 27539056 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oroxylin A is one of the main active components extracted from Scutellariae radix. It has been proved that oroxylin A possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological functions, including anti-cancer, antiinflammation, neuroprotective, anti-coagulation and so on. The pharmacological activity of oroxylin A has been studied in vitro and on animal models, which reflected its promising potency in disease treatment. This review aims to recapitulate the pharmacological function and the molecular mechanisms of oroxylin A, as well as its sources, extraction, synthesis and toxicity study. These data confirmed the therapeutic potential of oroxylin A and provided reference for further development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Li Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zou M, Duan Y, Wang P, Gao R, Chen X, Ou Y, Liang M, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Wang L, Zhu H. DYT-40, a novel synthetic 2-styryl-5-nitroimidazole derivative, blocks malignant glioblastoma growth and invasion by inhibiting AEG-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27331. [PMID: 27251589 PMCID: PMC4890319 DOI: 10.1038/srep27331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) has been explored as a novel target for human glioma therapy, thus reflecting its potential contribution to gliomagenesis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of DYT-40, a novel synthetic 2-styryl-5-nitroimidazole derivative, on cell growth and invasion in glioblastoma (GBM) and uncovered the underlying mechanisms of this molecule. DYT-40 induces the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion of GBM cell lines. Furthermore, DYT-40 deactivates PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, suppresses AEG-1 expression, and inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation. DYT-40 reduced the tumor volumes in a rat C6 glioma model by apoptotic induction. Moreover, HE staining demonstrated that the glioma rat model treated with DYT-40 exhibited better defined tumor margins and fewer invasive cells to the contralateral striatum compared with the vehicle control and temozolomide-treated rats. Microscopic examination showed a decrease in AEG-1-positive cells in DYT-40-treated rats compared with the untreated controls. DYT-40-treatment increases the in vivo apoptotic response of glioma cells to DYT-40 treatment by TUNEL staining. In conclusion, the inhibitory effects of DYT-40 on growth and invasion in GBM suggest that DYT-40 might be a potential AEG-1 inhibitor to prevent the growth and motility of malignant glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yongtao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xuguan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yingwei Ou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Mingxing Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhongchang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hailiang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Di Fazio P, Waldegger P, Jabari S, Lingelbach S, Montalbano R, Ocker M, Slater EP, Bartsch DK, Illig R, Neureiter D, Wissniowski TT. Autophagy-related cell death by pan-histone deacetylase inhibition in liver cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:28998-9010. [PMID: 27058414 PMCID: PMC5045373 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a homeostatic, catabolic degradation process and cell fate essential regulatory mechanism. Protracted autophagy triggers cell death; its aberrant function is responsible for several malignancies. Panobinostat, a potent pan-deacetylase inhibitor, causes endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of autophagy in deacetylase inhibitor-triggered liver cancer cell death.HepG2 (p53wt) and Hep3B (p53 null) liver cancer cell lines were exposed to panobinostat. RT-qPCR and western blot confirmed autophagic factor modulation. Immuno-fluorescence, -precipitation and -histochemistry as well as transmission electron microscopy verified autophagosome formation. The cytotoxicity of panobinostat and autophagy modulators was detected using a real time cell viability assay.Panobinostat induced autophagy-related factor expression and aggregation. Map1LC3B and Beclin1 were significantly over-expressed in HepG2 xenografts in nude mice treated with panobinostat for 4 weeks. Subcellular distribution of Beclin1 increased with the appearance of autophagosomes-like aggregates. Cytosolic loss of p53, in HepG2, and p73, in Hep3B cells, and a corresponding gain of their nuclear level, together with modulation of DRAM1, were observed. Autophagosome aggregation was visible after 6 h of treatment. Treatment of cells stably expressing GFP-RFPtag Map1LC3B resulted in aggregation and a fluorescence switch, thus confirming autophagosome formation and maturation. Tamoxifen, an inducer of autophagy, caused only a block in cell proliferation; but in combination with panobinostat it resulted in cell death.Autophagy triggers cell demise in liver cancer. Its modulation by the combination of tamoxifen and panobinostat could be a new option for palliative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Di Fazio
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Petra Waldegger
- 2 Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Samir Jabari
- 3 Institute for Anatomy I, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Lingelbach
- 4 Department of Urology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Montalbano
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Ocker
- 5 Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- 8 Experimental Medicine Oncology, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin Germany
| | - Emily P. Slater
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Detlef K. Bartsch
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Romana Illig
- 6 Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- 6 Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thaddeus T. Wissniowski
- 7 Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zou M, Wang F, Gao R, Wu J, Ou Y, Chen X, Wang T, Zhou X, Zhu W, Li P, Qi LW, Jiang T, Wang W, Li C, Chen J, He Q, Chen Y. Autophagy inhibition of hsa-miR-19a-3p/19b-3p by targeting TGF-β R II during TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis in human cardiac fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24747. [PMID: 27098600 PMCID: PMC4838850 DOI: 10.1038/srep24747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays an important role on fibrogenesis in heart disease. MicroRNAs have exhibited as crucial regulators of cardiac homeostasis and remodeling in various heart diseases. MiR-19a-3p/19b-3p expresses with low levels in the plasma of heart failure patients. The purpose of our study is to determine the role of MiR-19a-3p/19b-3p in regulating autophagy-mediated fibrosis of human cardiac fibroblasts. We elucidate our hypothesis in clinical samples and human cardiac fibroblasts (HCF) to provide valuable basic information. TGF-β1 promotes collagen I α2 and fibronectin synthesis in HCF and that is paralleled by autophagic activation in these cells. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine decreases the fibrotic response, while autophagy induction of rapamycin increases the response. BECN1 knockdown and Atg5 over-expression either inhibits or enhances the fibrotic effect of TGF-β1 in experimental HCF. Furthermore, miR-19a-3p/19b-3p mimics inhibit epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) prodution and invasion of HCF. Functional studies suggest that miR-19a-3p/19b-3p inhibits autophagy of HCF through targeting TGF-β R II mRNA. Moreover, enhancement of autophagy rescues inhibition effect of miR-19a-3p/19b-3p on Smad 2 and Akt phosphorylation through TGF-β R II signaling. Our study uncovers a novel mechanism that miR-19a-3p/19b-3p inhibits autophagy-mediated fibrogenesis by targeting TGF-β R II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department Of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yingwei Ou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xuguan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Tongshan Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Emergency Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Emergency Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Emergency Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Emergency Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qifang He
- Emergency Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Emergency Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Drug activity screening based on microsomes-hydrogel system in predicting metabolism induced antitumor effect of oroxylin A. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21604. [PMID: 26905263 PMCID: PMC4764850 DOI: 10.1038/srep21604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel microsomes-hydrogel added cell culture system (MHCCS) was employed in the antitumor activity screening of natural compounds, aiming to achieve drug screening with better in vivo correlation, higher initiative to explore the potential active metabolites, and investigation of the antitumor mechanism from the perspective of metabolism. MTT assay and cell apoptosis detection showed that test drug oroxylin A (OA) had enhanced cytotoxicity and wogonin (W) with reduced cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cell line upon MHCCS incubation. In vivo antitumor evaluations also demonstrated that OA induced higher tumor inhibition than W at the same dosage. To explore the reasons, nine major metabolites of OA were separated and collected through UPLC-Q-TOF and semi-preparative HPLC. Metabolites M318 exhibited higher cytotoxicity than OA and other metabolites by MTT assay. (1)H NMR spectrums, HPLC and TOF MS/MS results revealed that OA was catalyzed into its active metabolite M318 via a ring-opening reaction. M318 induced significant cell apoptosis and S-phase arrest through affecting tumor survival related genes after mechanism study. In conclusion, our MHCCS could be a useful tool for drug activity screening from a perspective of metabolism.
Collapse
|
47
|
Hu B, An HM, Wang SS, Chen JJ, Xu L. Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Chinese Herbal Compounds against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Molecules 2016; 21:142. [PMID: 26828466 PMCID: PMC6274246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicines, unique biomedical and pharmaceutical resources, have been widely used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prevention and treatment. Accumulated Chinese herb-derived compounds with significant anti-cancer effects against HCC have been identified. Chinese herbal compounds are effective in preventing carcinogenesis, inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, autophagy, cell senescence and anoikis, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis and angiogenesis, regulating immune function, reversing drug resistance and enhancing the effects of chemotherapy in HCC. This paper comprehensively reviews these compounds and their effects on HCC. Finally, the perspectives and rational application of herbal compounds for HCC management are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Hong-Mei An
- Department of Science & Technology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 202032, China.
| | - Shuang-Shuang Wang
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jin-Jun Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Al-Shenawy HAS. Expression of Beclin-1, an autophagy-related marker, in chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma and its relation with apoptotic markers. APMIS 2016; 124:229-37. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
49
|
Novel Investigations of Flavonoids as Chemopreventive Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:840542. [PMID: 26858957 PMCID: PMC4695650 DOI: 10.1155/2015/840542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We would like to highlight the application of natural products to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We will focus on the natural products known as flavonoids, which target this disease at different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. In spite of the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in treating HCC, patients with HCC still face poor prognosis because of the nature of multidrug resistance and toxicity derived from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Flavonoids can be found in many vegetables, fruits, and herbal medicines that exert their different anticancer effects via different intracellular signaling pathways and serve as antioxidants. In this review, we will discuss seven common flavonoids that exert different biological effects against HCC via different pathways.
Collapse
|
50
|
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor has a permissive role in concanavalin A-induced cell death of human hepatoma cells through autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e2008. [PMID: 26633714 PMCID: PMC4720884 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Concanavalin A (ConA) is a lectin and T-cell mitogen that can activate immune responses. In recent times, ConA-induced cell death of hepatoma cells through autophagy has been reported and its therapeutic effect was confirmed in a murine in situ hepatoma model. However, the molecular mechanism of ConA-induced autophagy is still unclear. As macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is a proinflammatory cytokine, can trigger autophagy in human hepatoma cells, the possible involvement of MIF in ConA-induced autophagy was investigated in this study. We demonstrated that cell death is followed by an increment in MIF expression and secretion in the ConA-stimulated human hepatoma cell lines, HuH-7 and Hep G2. In addition, ConA-induced autophagy and cell death of hepatoma cells were blocked in the presence of an MIF inhibitor. Knockdown of endogenous MIF by small hairpin RNA confirmed that MIF is required for both ConA-induced autophagy and death of hepatoma cells. Furthermore, signal pathway studies demonstrated that ConA induces signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation to trigger MIF upregulation, which in turn promotes Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3)-dependent autophagy. By using a murine in situ hepatoma model, we further demonstrated that MIF contributes to anti-hepatoma activity of ConA by regulating STAT3-MIF-BNIP3-dependent autophagy. In summary, our findings uncover a novel role of MIF in lectin-mediated anti-hepatoma activities by regulating autophagy.
Collapse
|