1
|
Huang L, Thiex NW, Lou J, Ahmad G, An W, Low-Nam ST, Kerkvliet JG, Band H, Hoppe AD. The ubiquitin ligases Cbl and Cbl-b regulate macrophage growth by controlling CSF-1R import into macropinosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar38. [PMID: 38170572 PMCID: PMC10916879 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-09-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitination of transmembrane receptors regulates endocytosis, intracellular traffic, and signal transduction. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from myeloid Cbl-/- and Cbl-b-/- double knockout (DKO) mice display sustained proliferation mirroring the myeloproliferative disease that these mice succumb to. Here, we found that the ubiquitin ligases Cbl and Cbl-b have overlapping functions for controlling the endocytosis and intracellular traffic of the CSF-1R. DKO macrophages displayed complete loss of ubiquitination of the CSF-1R whereas partial ubiquitination was observed for either single Cbl-/- or Cbl-b-/- macrophages. Unlike wild type, DKO macrophages were immortal and displayed slower CSF-1R internalization, elevated AKT signaling, and a failure to transport the CSF-1R into the lumen of nascent macropinosomes, leaving its cytoplasmic region available for signaling. CSF-1R degradation depended upon lysosomal vATPase activity in both WT and DKO macrophages, with this degradation confined to macropinosomes in WT but occurring in distributed/tubular lysosomes in DKO cells. RNA-sequencing comparison of Cbl-/-, Cbl-b-/- and DKO macrophages indicated that while the overall macrophage transcriptional program remained intact, DKO macrophages had alterations in gene expression associated with growth factor signaling, cell cycle, inflammation and senescence. Cbl-b-/- had minimal effect on the transcriptional program whereas Cbl-/- led to more alternations but only DKO macrophages demonstrated substantial changes in the transcriptome, suggesting overlapping but unique functions for the two Cbl-family members. Thus, Cbl/Cbl-b-mediated ubiquitination of CSF-1R regulates its endocytic fate, constrains inflammatory gene expression, and regulates signaling for macrophage proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Natalie W. Thiex
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Jieqiong Lou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Gulzar Ahmad
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Wei An
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Shalini T. Low-Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Jason G. Kerkvliet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Adam D. Hoppe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weyer MP, Strehle J, Schäfer MKE, Tegeder I. Repurposing of pexidartinib for microglia depletion and renewal. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 253:108565. [PMID: 38052308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Pexidartinib (PLX3397) is a small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) with moderate selectivity over other members of the platelet derived growth factor receptor family. It is approved for treatment of tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TGCT). CSF1R is highly expressed by microglia, which are macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) that defend the CNS against injury and pathogens and contribute to synapse development and plasticity. Challenged by pathogens, apoptotic cells, debris, or inflammatory molecules they adopt a responsive state to propagate the inflammation and eventually return to a homeostatic state. The phenotypic switch may fail, and disease-associated microglia contribute to the pathophysiology in neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases or long-lasting detrimental brain inflammation after brain, spinal cord or nerve injury or ischemia/hemorrhage. Microglia also contribute to the growth permissive tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma (GBM). In rodents, continuous treatment for 1-2 weeks via pexidartinib food pellets leads to a depletion of microglia and subsequent repopulation from the remaining fraction, which is aided by peripheral monocytes that search empty niches for engraftment. The putative therapeutic benefit of such microglia depletion or forced renewal has been assessed in almost any rodent model of CNS disease or injury or GBM with heterogeneous outcomes, but a tendency of partial beneficial effects. So far, microglia monitoring e.g. via positron emission imaging is not standard of care for patients receiving Pexidartinib (e.g. for TGCT), so that the depletion and repopulation efficiency in humans is still largely unknown. Considering the virtuous functions of microglia, continuous depletion is likely no therapeutic option but short-lasting transient partial depletion to stimulate microglia renewal or replace microglia in genetic disease in combination with e.g. stem cell transplantation or as part of a multimodal concept in treatment of glioblastoma appears feasible. The present review provides an overview of the preclinical evidence pro and contra microglia depletion as a therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Philipp Weyer
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Faculty of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jenny Strehle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Faculty of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Curson JE, Liu L, Luo L, Muusse TW, Lucas RM, Gunther KS, Vajjhala PR, Abrol R, Jones A, Kapetanovic R, Stacey KJ, Stow JL, Sweet MJ. TLR4 phosphorylation at tyrosine 672 activates the ERK/c-FOS signaling module for LPS-induced cytokine responses in macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250056. [PMID: 37058370 PMCID: PMC10947571 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
TLRs engage numerous adaptor proteins and signaling molecules, enabling a complex series of post-translational modifications (PTMs) to mount inflammatory responses. TLRs themselves are post-translationally modified following ligand-induced activation, with this being required to relay the full spectrum of proinflammatory signaling responses. Here, we reveal indispensable roles for TLR4 Y672 and Y749 phosphorylation in mounting optimal LPS-inducible inflammatory responses in primary mouse macrophages. LPS promotes phosphorylation at both tyrosine residues, with Y749 phosphorylation being required for maintenance of total TLR4 protein levels and Y672 phosphorylation exerting its pro-inflammatory effects more selectively by initiating ERK1/2 and c-FOS phosphorylation. Our data also support a role for the TLR4-interacting membrane proteins SCIMP and the SYK kinase axis in mediating TLR4 Y672 phosphorylation to permit downstream inflammatory responses in murine macrophages. The corresponding residue in human TLR4 (Y674) is also required for optimal LPS signaling responses. Our study, thus, reveals how a single PTM on one of the most widely studied innate immune receptors orchestrates downstream inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E.B. Curson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Liping Liu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Lin Luo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Timothy W. Muusse
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB) and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Richard M. Lucas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kimberley S. Gunther
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Parimala R. Vajjhala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB) and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Rishika Abrol
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Alun Jones
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Katryn J. Stacey
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB) and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jennifer L. Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Matthew J. Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research and Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Trzeciak AJ, Rojas WS, Liu ZL, Krebs AS, Wang Z, Saavedra PHV, Miranda IC, Lipshutz A, Xie J, Huang CL, Overholtzer M, Glickman MS, Parkhurst CN, Vierbuchen T, Lucas CD, Perry JSA. WNK1 enforces macrophage lineage fidelity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.538482. [PMID: 37383948 PMCID: PMC10299535 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.538482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The appropriate development of macrophages, the body's professional phagocyte, is essential for organismal development, especially in mammals. This dependence is exemplified by the observation that loss-of-function mutations in colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) results in multiple tissue abnormalities owing to an absence of macrophages. Despite this importance, little is known about the molecular and cell biological regulation of macrophage development. Here, we report the surprising finding that the chloride-sensing kinase With-no-lysine 1 (WNK1) is required for development of tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs). Myeloid-specific deletion of Wnk1 resulted in a dramatic loss of TRMs, disrupted organ development, systemic neutrophilia, and mortality between 3 and 4 weeks of age. Strikingly, we found that myeloid progenitors or precursors lacking WNK1 not only failed to differentiate into macrophages, but instead differentiated into neutrophils. Mechanistically, the cognate CSF1R cytokine macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) stimulates macropinocytosis by both mouse and human myeloid progenitors and precursor cells. Macropinocytosis, in turn, induces chloride flux and WNK1 phosphorylation. Importantly, blocking macropinocytosis, perturbing chloride flux during macropinocytosis, and inhibiting WNK1 chloride-sensing activity each skewed myeloid progenitor differentiation from macrophages into neutrophils. Thus, we have elucidated a role for WNK1 during macropinocytosis and discovered a novel function of macropinocytosis in myeloid progenitors and precursor cells to ensure macrophage lineage fidelity. Highlights Myeloid-specific WNK1 loss causes failed macrophage development and premature deathM-CSF-stimulated myeloid progenitors and precursors become neutrophils instead of macrophagesM-CSF induces macropinocytosis by myeloid progenitors, which depends on WNK1Macropinocytosis enforces macrophage lineage commitment.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kerneur C, Cano CE, Olive D. Major pathways involved in macrophage polarization in cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026954. [PMID: 36325334 PMCID: PMC9618889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in tissue homeostasis, tissue remodeling, immune response, and progression of cancer. Consequently, macrophages exhibit significant plasticity and change their transcriptional profile and function in response to environmental, tissue, and inflammatory stimuli resulting in pro- and anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, the categorization of tissue macrophages in inflammatory situations remains difficult; however, there is an agreement that macrophages are predominantly polarized into two different subtypes with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties, the so-called M1-like and M2-like macrophages, respectively. These two macrophage classes can be considered as the extreme borders of a continuum of many intermediate subsets. On one end, M1 are pro-inflammatory macrophages that initiate an immunological response, damage tissue integrity, and dampen tumor progression by fostering robust T and natural killer (NK) cell anti-tumoral responses. On the other end, M2 are anti-inflammatory macrophages involved in tissue remodeling and tumor growth, that promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion, tumor metastasis, angiogenesis and that participate to immune suppression. These decisive roles in tumor progression occur through the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteases, as well as by the expression of immune checkpoint receptors in the case of M2 macrophages. Moreover, macrophage plasticity is supported by stimuli from the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) that are relayed to the nucleus through membrane receptors and signaling pathways that result in gene expression reprogramming in macrophages, thus giving rise to different macrophage polarization outcomes. In this review, we will focus on the main signaling pathways involved in macrophage polarization that are activated upon ligand-receptor recognition and in the presence of other immunomodulatory molecules in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Kerneur
- ImCheck Therapeutics, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Clément Kerneur, ; Carla E. Cano, ; Daniel Olive,
| | - Carla E. Cano
- ImCheck Therapeutics, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Clément Kerneur, ; Carla E. Cano, ; Daniel Olive,
| | - Daniel Olive
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Clément Kerneur, ; Carla E. Cano, ; Daniel Olive,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He S, Gu X, Yang J, Xu F, Hu J, Wang W, Huang Y, Lou B, Ding T, Zhou L, Ye D, Yu K, Dong J. Sphingomyelin synthase 2 is a positive regulator of the CSF1R-STAT3 pathway in pancreatic cancer-associated macrophage. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902016. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most abundant immune cells in the pancreatic cancer stroma and are related to the poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. Therefore, targeting tumor-associated macrophages is a possible strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.Purpose: We would like to investigate the role of sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) and the effect of the synthase 2 selective inhibitor YE2 in TAMs and the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. In addition, we also would like to investigate the mechanism by which YE2 attenuates macrophage M2 polarization.Methods: YE2 was utilized to treat macrophages (in vitro) and mice (in vivo). Western blotting and real-time PCR were used to detect the protein levels and mRNA levels of macrophage M2 polarization markers and their downstream signaling pathways. Sphingomyelin synthase 2 gene knockout (KO) mice and their controls were used to establish a PANC-02 orthotopic pancreatic cancer model, and immune cell infiltration in the tumor tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results: We found that sphingomyelin synthase 2 mRNA expression is positively correlated with tumor-associated macrophages, the immunosuppressive microenvironment, and poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. Sphingomyelin synthase 2 deficiency was confirmed to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of orthotopic PANC-02 tumors in vivo. The deficiency not only reduced the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages but also regulated other immune components in the tumor microenvironment. In tissue culture, YE2 inhibited M2 polarization in both bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and THP-1 macrophages and eliminated the protumor effect of M2 macrophages. In the mouse model, YE2 treatment reduced the infiltration of TAMs and regulated other immune components in the tumor microenvironment, slowing the progression of PANC-02 tumors. In terms of mechanism, we found that the inhibition of sphingomyelin synthase 2 could downregulate the expression of IL4Rα and CSF1R, thereby attenuating M2 polarization.Conclusion: The sphingomyelin synthase 2 inhibitor YE2 or sphingomyelin synthase 2 deficiency can prevent macrophage M2 polarization in pancreatic cancer, and sphingomyelin synthase 2 could be a new potential target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling in the central nervous system and the potential of its pharmacological inhibitors to halt the progression of neurological disorders. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:821-842. [PMID: 35290551 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1)/Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor (CSF-1R) signaling axis plays an essential role in the development, maintenance, and proliferation of macrophage lineage cells. Within the central nervous system, CSF-1R signaling primarily maintains microglial homeostasis. Microglia, being the resident macrophage and first responder to any neurological insults, plays critical importance in overall health of the human brain. Aberrant and sustained activation of microglia along with continued proliferation and release of neurotoxic proinflammatory cytokines have been reported in various neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, halting the neuroinflammatory pathway via targeting microglial proliferation, which depends on CSF-1R signaling, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for neurological disorders. However, apart from regulating the microglial function, recently it has been discovered that CSF-1R has much broader role in central nervous system. These findings limit the therapeutic utility of CSF-1R inhibitors but also highlight the need for a complete understanding of CSF-1R function within the central nervous system. Moreover, it has been found that selective inhibitors of CSF-1R may be more efficient in avoiding non-specific targeting and associated side effects. Short-term depletion of microglial population in diseased conditions have also been found to be beneficial; however, the dose and therapeutic window for optimum effects may need to be standardized further.This review summarizes the present understanding of CSF-1R function within the central nervous system. We discuss the CSF-1R signaling in the context of microglia function, crosstalk between microglia and astroglia, and regulation of neuronal cell function. We also discuss a few of the neurological disorders with a focus on the utility of CSF-1R inhibitors as potential therapeutic strategy for halting the progression of neurological diseases.
Collapse
|
8
|
The M-CSF receptor in osteoclasts and beyond. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1239-1254. [PMID: 32801364 PMCID: PMC8080670 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R, also known as c-FMS) is a receptor tyrosine kinase. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and IL-34 are ligands of CSF1R. CSF1R-mediated signaling is crucial for the survival, function, proliferation, and differentiation of myeloid lineage cells, including osteoclasts, monocytes/macrophages, microglia, Langerhans cells in the skin, and Paneth cells in the intestine. CSF1R also plays an important role in oocytes and trophoblastic cells in the female reproductive tract and in the maintenance and maturation of neural progenitor cells. Given that CSF1R is expressed in a wide range of myeloid cells, altered CSF1R signaling is implicated in inflammatory, neoplastic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibiting CSF1R signaling through an inhibitory anti-CSF1R antibody or small molecule inhibitors that target the kinase activity of CSF1R has thus been a promising therapeutic strategy for those diseases. In this review, we cover the recent progress in our understanding of the various roles of CSF1R in osteoclasts and other myeloid cells, highlighting the therapeutic applications of CSF1R inhibitors in disease conditions. Drugs directed at a key signaling receptor involved in breaking down bone tissue could help treat diseases marked by pathological bone loss and destruction. In a review article, Kyung-Hyun Park-Min and colleagues from the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, USA, discuss the essential roles played by the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) protein in the survival, function, proliferation and differentiation of myeloid lineage stem cells in the bone marrow, including bone-resorbing osteoclasts. They explore the links between the CSF1R-mediated signaling pathway and diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The authors largely focus on bone conditions, highlighting mouse studies in which CSF1R-blocking drugs were shown to ameliorate bone loss and inflammatory symptoms in models of arthritis, osteoporosis and metastatic cancer. Clinical trials are ongoing to test therapeutic applications.
Collapse
|
9
|
Doodnauth SA, Grinstein S, Maxson ME. Constitutive and stimulated macropinocytosis in macrophages: roles in immunity and in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180147. [PMID: 30967001 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages respond to several stimuli by forming florid membrane ruffles that lead to fluid uptake by macropinocytosis. This type of induced macropinocytosis, executed by a variety of non-malignant and malignant cells, is initiated by transmembrane receptors and is involved in nutrient acquisition and mTOR signalling. However, macrophages also perform a unique type of constitutive ruffling and macropinocytosis that is dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium. Calcium-sensing receptors are responsible for this activity. This distinct form of macropinocytosis enables macrophages to continuously sample their microenvironment for antigenic molecules and for pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns, as part of their immune surveillance functions. Interestingly, even within the monocyte lineage, there are differences in macropinocytic ability that reflect the polarized functional roles of distinct macrophage subsets. This review discusses the shared and distinct features of both induced and constitutive macropinocytosis displayed by the macrophage lineage and their roles in physiology, immunity and pathophysiology. In particular, we analyse the role of macropinocytosis in the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its contribution to foam cell and atherosclerotic plaque formation. We propose a combined role of scavenger receptors and constitutive macropinocytosis in oxidized LDL uptake, a process we have termed 'receptor-assisted macropinocytosis'. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Macropinocytosis'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasha A Doodnauth
- 1 Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network , Toronto, ON , Canada M5G 1L7.,2 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- 3 Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children , 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON , Canada M5G 0A4.,4 Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto , 1 King's Circle, Toronto, ON , Canada M5S 1A8.,5 Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute , St. Michael's Hospital, 290 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON , Canada M5C 1N8
| | - Michelle E Maxson
- 3 Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children , 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON , Canada M5G 0A4
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kong F, Zhou K, Zhu T, Lian Q, Tao Y, Li N, Tu T, Bi Y, Yang X, Pan X, Li S, You H, Zheng K, Tang R. Interleukin-34 mediated by hepatitis B virus X protein via CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α contributes to the proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12703. [PMID: 31621133 PMCID: PMC6869657 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Interleukin‐34 (IL‐34) is associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role and associated mechanisms of IL‐34 in HBV‐related HCC remain unclear. In this study, the expression, biological function and associated mechanisms of IL‐34 in HBV‐related HCC cells were investigated. Methods IL‐34 expression induced by HBV and HBV X (HBX) gene was measured in hepatoma cells. The role of CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α (CEBP/α) in HBX‐induced IL‐34 expression was examined. The signal pathways involved in the expression of CEBP/α and IL‐34 induced by HBX were assessed. The role of IL‐34 in the proliferation and migration of HCC cells, and related mechanisms were explored. Results Dependent on HBX, HBV increased IL‐34 expression in hepatoma cells, and HBX upregulated and interacted with CEBP/α to enhance the activity of IL‐34 promoters. CEBP/α mediated by HBX was associated with the activation of PI3‐K and NF‐κB pathways to promote IL‐34 expression. Via CSF1‐R and CD138, IL‐34 promoted the proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells, and contributed to the activation of ERK and STAT3 pathways and the upregulation of Bcl‐xl and c‐Myc mediated by HBX. Conclusion We demonstrate that IL‐34 contributes to HBX‐mediated functional abnormality of HCC cells and provides a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis mediated by HBX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanyun Kong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center, Luqiao, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qi Lian
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yukai Tao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tao Tu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Bi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiucheng Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shibao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan You
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Crudden C, Song D, Cismas S, Trocmé E, Pasca S, Calin GA, Girnita A, Girnita L. Below the Surface: IGF-1R Therapeutic Targeting and Its Endocytic Journey. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101223. [PMID: 31600876 PMCID: PMC6829878 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-activated plasma membrane receptors follow pathways of endocytosis through the endosomal sorting apparatus. Receptors cluster in clathrin-coated pits that bud inwards and enter the cell as clathrin-coated vesicles. These vesicles travel through the acidic endosome whereby receptors and ligands are sorted to be either recycled or degraded. The traditional paradigm postulated that the endocytosis role lay in signal termination through the removal of the receptor from the cell surface. It is now becoming clear that the internalization process governs more than receptor signal cessation and instead reigns over the entire spatial and temporal wiring of receptor signaling. Governing the localization, the post-translational modifications, and the scaffolding of receptors and downstream signal components established the endosomal platform as the master regulator of receptor function. Confinement of components within or between distinct organelles means that the endosome instructs the cell on how to interpret and translate the signal emanating from any given receptor complex into biological effects. This review explores this emerging paradigm with respect to the cancer-relevant insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and discusses how this perspective could inform future targeting strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitrin Crudden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Karolinska Institute, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dawei Song
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Karolinska Institute, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sonia Cismas
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Karolinska Institute, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eric Trocmé
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Karolinska Institute, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
- St. Erik Eye Hospital, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sylvya Pasca
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Karolinska Institute, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ada Girnita
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Karolinska Institute, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Dermatology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Leonard Girnita
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Tumor Pathology, Karolinska Institute, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun L, Liang H, Yu W, Jin X. Increased invasive phenotype of CSF-1R expression in glioma cells via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 26:136-144. [DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
13
|
Beyrakhova K, Li L, Xu C, Gagarinova A, Cygler M. Legionella pneumophila effector Lem4 is a membrane-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13044-13058. [PMID: 29976756 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that causes severe pneumonia in humans. It establishes a replicative niche called Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) that allows bacteria to survive and replicate inside pulmonary macrophages. To hijack host cell defense systems, L. pneumophila injects over 300 effector proteins into the host cell cytosol. The Lem4 effector (lpg1101) consists of two domains: an N-terminal haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) domain with unknown function and a C-terminal phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate-binding domain that anchors Lem4 to the membrane of early LCVs. Herein, we demonstrate that the HAD domain (Lem4-N) is structurally similar to mouse MDP-1 phosphatase and displays phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity. Substrate specificity of Lem4 was probed using a tyrosine phosphatase substrate set, which contained a selection of 360 phosphopeptides derived from human phosphorylation sites. This assay allowed us to identify a consensus pTyr-containing motif. Based on the localization of Lem4 to lysosomes and to some extent to plasma membrane when expressed in human cells, we hypothesize that this protein is involved in protein-protein interactions with an LCV or plasma membrane-associated tyrosine-phosphorylated host target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Beyrakhova
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5 and
| | - Lei Li
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5 and
| | - Caishuang Xu
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5 and
| | - Alla Gagarinova
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5 and
| | - Miroslaw Cygler
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5 and .,the Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cho MJ, Lee JY, Shin MG, Kim HJ, Choi YJ, Rho SB, Kim BR, Jang IS, Lee SH. TSC-22 inhibits CSF-1R function and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97990-98003. [PMID: 29228668 PMCID: PMC5716708 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) regulates the monocyte/macrophage system, which is an essential component of cancer development. Therefore, CSF-1R might be an effective target for anti-cancer therapy. The overexpression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β stimulated clone-22 (TSC-22) inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, and TSC-22 is emerging as a key factor in tumorigenesis. In this study, we discovered CSF-1R as a new interacting partner of TSC-22 and identified its elevated expression in cervical cancer cells. In particular, we found that TSC-22 interacted with the intracellular tyrosine kinase insert domain (539–749) of CSF-1R, which activates the AKT and ERK signaling pathways. This binding blocked AKT and ERK signaling, thereby suppressing the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. The overexpression of TSC-22 significantly decreased CSF-1R protein levels, affecting their autocrine loop. TSC-22 injected into a xenograft mouse model of human cervical cancer markedly inhibited tumor growth. The reduction of CSF-1R protein significantly suppresses cervical cancer cell proliferation and motility and induces apoptotic cell death. This association between TSC-22 and CSF-1R could be used as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic marker for cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Cho
- Department of Life Science, YongIn University, Yonginsi, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Lee
- Department of Life Science, YongIn University, Yonginsi, Korea
| | - Min-Gwan Shin
- Department of Life Science, YongIn University, Yonginsi, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- Department of Life Science, YongIn University, Yonginsi, Korea
| | - Yu-Joung Choi
- Department of Life Science, YongIn University, Yonginsi, Korea
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Boh-Ram Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Ik Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Life Science, YongIn University, Yonginsi, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Verescakova H, Ambrozova G, Kubala L, Perecko T, Koudelka A, Vasicek O, Rudolph TK, Klinke A, Woodcock SR, Freeman BA, Pekarova M. Nitro-oleic acid regulates growth factor-induced differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:10-19. [PMID: 28063941 PMCID: PMC5329068 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many diseases accompanied by chronic inflammation are connected with dysregulated activation of macrophage subpopulations. Recently, we reported that nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs), products of metabolic and inflammatory reactions of nitric oxide and nitrite, modulate macrophage and other immune cell functions. Bone marrow cell suspensions were isolated from mice and supplemented with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in combination with NO2-OA for different times. RAW 264.7 macrophages were used for short-term (1-5min) experiments. We discovered that NO2-OA reduces cell numbers, cell colony formation, and proliferation of macrophages differentiated with colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), all in the absence of toxicity. In a case of GM-CSF-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), NO2-OA acts via downregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. In the case of M-CSF-induced BMMs, NO2-OA decreases activation of M-CSFR and activation of related PI3K and ERK. Additionally, NO2-OA also attenuates activation of BMMs. In aggregate, we demonstrate that NO2-OA regulates the process of macrophage differentiation and that NO2-FAs represent a promising therapeutic tool in the treatment of inflammatory pathologies linked with increased accumulation of macrophages in inflamed tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Verescakova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia
| | - Gabriela Ambrozova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia; International Clinical Research Center - Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lukas Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia; International Clinical Research Center - Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomas Perecko
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia; International Clinical Research Center - Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adolf Koudelka
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia; International Clinical Research Center - Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Vasicek
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia; International Clinical Research Center - Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tanja K Rudolph
- Heart Centre, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Klinke
- International Clinical Research Center - Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia; Heart Centre, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michaela Pekarova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia; International Clinical Research Center - Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ebner M, Sinkovics B, Szczygieł M, Ribeiro DW, Yudushkin I. Localization of mTORC2 activity inside cells. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:343-353. [PMID: 28143890 PMCID: PMC5294791 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201610060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
mTORC2 integrates extracellular cues with pathways controlling growth and proliferation, but the spatial control of mTORC2 activity is unclear. Using a new reporter, Ebner et al. show that endogenous mTORC2 activity localizes to plasma membrane, mitochondrial, and endosomal pools, which display distinct sensitivity to growth factors. Activation of protein kinase Akt via its direct phosphorylation by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2) couples extracellular growth and survival cues with pathways controlling cell growth and proliferation, yet how growth factors target the activity of mTORC2 toward Akt is unknown. In this study, we examine the localization of the obligate mTORC2 component, mSin1, inside cells and report the development of a reporter to examine intracellular localization and regulation by growth factors of the endogenous mTORC2 activity. Using a combination of imaging and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that inside cells, mTORC2 activity localizes to the plasma membrane, mitochondria, and a subpopulation of endosomal vesicles. We show that unlike the endosomal pool, the activity and localization of mTORC2 via the Sin1 pleckstrin homology domain at the plasma membrane is PI3K and growth factor independent. Furthermore, we show that membrane recruitment is sufficient for Akt phosphorylation in response to growth factors. Our results indicate the existence of spatially separated mTORC2 populations with distinct sensitivity to PI3K inside cells and suggest that intracellular localization could contribute to regulation of mTORC2 activity toward Akt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ebner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Sinkovics
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biology, Student Services, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Szczygieł
- Vienna BioCenter Summer School Program, Division of Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ivan Yudushkin
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cypher LR, Bielecki TA, Adepegba O, Huang L, An W, Iseka F, Luan H, Tom E, Storck MD, Hoppe AD, Band V, Band H. CSF-1 receptor signalling is governed by pre-requisite EHD1 mediated receptor display on the macrophage cell surface. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1325-1335. [PMID: 27224507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), is the master regulator of macrophage biology. CSF-1 can bind CSF-1R resulting in receptor activation and signalling essential for macrophage functions such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, polarization, phagocytosis, cytokine secretion, and motility. CSF-1R activation can only occur after the receptor is presented on the macrophage cell surface. This process is reliant upon the underlying macrophage receptor trafficking machinery. However, the mechanistic details governing this process are incompletely understood. C-terminal Eps15 Homology Domain-containing (EHD) proteins have recently emerged as key regulators of receptor trafficking but have not yet been studied in the context of macrophage CSF-1R signalling. In this manuscript, we utilize primary bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) to reveal a novel function of EHD1 as a regulator of CSF-1R abundance on the cell surface. We report that EHD1-knockout (EHD1-KO) macrophages cell surface and total CSF-1R levels are significantly decreased. The decline in CSF-1R levels corresponds with reduced downstream macrophage functions such as cell proliferation, migration, and spreading. In EHD1-KO macrophages, transport of newly synthesized CSF-1R to the macrophage cell surface was reduced and was associated with the shunting of the receptor to the lysosome, which resulted in receptor degradation. These findings reveal a novel and functionally important role for EHD1 in governing CSF-1R signalling via regulation of anterograde transport of CSF-1R to the macrophage cell surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Cypher
- Eppley Cancer Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Timothy Alan Bielecki
- Eppley Cancer Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | - Lu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Wei An
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Fany Iseka
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | - Eric Tom
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Matthew D Storck
- Eppley Cancer Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Adam D Hoppe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BioSNTR, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Vimla Band
- Eppley Cancer Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Cancer Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee K, Chung YH, Ahn H, Kim H, Rho J, Jeong D. Selective Regulation of MAPK Signaling Mediates RANKL-dependent Osteoclast Differentiation. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:235-45. [PMID: 26884720 PMCID: PMC4737679 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Different stimuli often activate the same intracellular signaling molecules but trigger distinct cell responses. We explored whether or not MAPK signaling induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is responsible for osteoclast proliferation, differs from that induced by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which is essential for inducing osteoclast differentiation. The activation of MAPKs by M-CSF or RANKL differed in terms of the extent and duration of ERK, p38, and JNK phosphorylation as well as the isoform specificity of JNK phosphorylation. In particular, RANKL induced a second wave of MAPK activation coincident with the onset of osteoclast differentiation, whereas M-CSF triggered only a monophasic response. M-CSF was also able to trigger a full MAPK response on restimulation of cells earlier than was RANKL, representing that MAPK resensitization by M-CSF differs from that by RANKL. Furthermore, the adapter protein TRAF6 recruitment to the cytoplasmic tail of RANK in a submembrane compartment is specifically required for RANKL-induced activation of p38 MAPK, expression of osteoclastogenic transcription factors, and osteoclast differentiation, indicating that the switch from proliferation to differentiation in osteoclast precursors is dependent on p38 activation via the RANKL-RANK-TRAF6 axis. Our results suggest that selective control of MAPK signaling induced by M-CSF and by RANKL mediates the proliferation versus differentiation decision in osteoclast precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Lee
- 1. Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 705-717, Korea
| | - Yeoun Ho Chung
- 1. Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 705-717, Korea
| | - Heejin Ahn
- 1. Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 705-717, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- 1. Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 705-717, Korea
| | - Jaerang Rho
- 2. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Daewon Jeong
- 1. Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 705-717, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Quatrini L, Molfetta R, Zitti B, Peruzzi G, Fionda C, Capuano C, Galandrini R, Cippitelli M, Santoni A, Paolini R. Ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis of NKG2D-DAP10 receptor complexes activates signaling and functions in human NK cells. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra108. [PMID: 26508790 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aab2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes share the presence of the activating receptor NK receptor group 2, member D (NKG2D) and the signaling-competent adaptor DNAX-activating protein 10 (DAP10), which together play an important role in antitumor immune surveillance. Ligand stimulation induces the internalization of NKG2D-DAP10 complexes and their delivery to lysosomes for degradation. In experiments with human NK cells and cell lines, we found that the ligand-induced endocytosis of NKG2D-DAP10 depended on the ubiquitylation of DAP10, which was also required for degradation of the internalized complexes. Moreover, through combined biochemical and microscopic analyses, we showed that ubiquitin-dependent receptor endocytosis was required for the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NK cell functions, such as the secretion of cytotoxic granules and the inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ. These results suggest that NKG2D-DAP10 endocytosis represents a means to decrease cell surface receptor abundance, as well as to control signaling outcome in cytotoxic lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Quatrini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Zitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, CLNS@Sapienza, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ricciarda Galandrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy. Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy. Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Achyut BR, Shankar A, Iskander ASM, Ara R, Angara K, Zeng P, Knight RA, Scicli AG, Arbab AS. Bone marrow derived myeloid cells orchestrate antiangiogenic resistance in glioblastoma through coordinated molecular networks. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:416-26. [PMID: 26404753 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a hypervascular and malignant form of brain tumors. Anti-angiogenic therapies (AAT) were used as an adjuvant against VEGF-VEGFR pathway to normalize blood vessels in clinical and preclinical studies, which resulted into marked hypoxia and recruited bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) to the tumor microenvironment (TME). In vivo animal models to track BMDCs and investigate molecular mechanisms in AAT resistance are rare. We exploited recently established chimeric mouse to develop orthotopic U251 tumor, which uses as low as 5 × 10(6) GFP+ BM cells in athymic nude mice and engrafted >70% GFP+ cells within 14 days. Our unpublished data and published studies have indicated the involvement of immunosuppressive myeloid cells in therapeutic resistance in glioma. Similarly, in the present study, vatalanib significantly increased CD68+ myeloid cells, and CD133+, CD34+ and Tie2+ endothelial cell signatures. Therefore, we tested inhibition of CSF1R+ myeloid cells using GW2580 that reduced tumor growth by decreasing myeloid (Gr1+ CD11b+ and F4/80+) and angiogenic (CD202b+ and VEGFR2+) cell signatures in TME. CSF1R blockade significantly decreased inflammatory, proangiogenic and immunosuppressive molecular signatures compared to vehicle, vatalanib or combination. TCK1 or CXCL7, a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils, was observed as most significantly decreased cytokine in CSF1R blockade. ERK MAPK pathway was involved in cytokine network regulation. In conclusion, present study confirmed the contribution of myeloid cells in GBM development and therapeutic resistance using chimeric mouse model. We identified novel molecular networks including CXCL7 chemokine as a promising target for future studies. Nonetheless, survival studies are required to assess the beneficial effect of CSF1R blockade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B R Achyut
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Adarsh Shankar
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - A S M Iskander
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Roxan Ara
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kartik Angara
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Peng Zeng
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Alfonso G Scicli
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ali S Arbab
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu SQ, Ma XL, Qin G, Liu Q, Li YC, Wu YH. Trans-system mechanisms against ischemic myocardial injury. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:167-92. [PMID: 25589268 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A mammalian organism possesses a hierarchy of naturally evolved protective mechanisms against ischemic myocardial injury at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels. These mechanisms comprise regional protective processes, including upregulation and secretion of paracrine cell-survival factors, inflammation, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and resident stem cell-based cardiomyocyte regeneration. There are also interactive protective processes between the injured heart, circulation, and selected remote organs, defined as trans-system protective mechanisms, including upregulation and secretion of endocrine cell-survival factors from the liver and adipose tissue as well as mobilization of bone marrow, splenic, and hepatic cells to the injury site to mediate myocardial protection and repair. The injured heart and activated remote organs exploit molecular and cellular processes, including signal transduction, gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, mobilization, and/or extracellular matrix production, to establish protective mechanisms. Both regional and trans-system cardioprotective mechanisms are mediated by paracrine and endocrine messengers and act in coordination and synergy to maximize the protective effect, minimize myocardial infarction, and improve myocardial function, ensuring the survival and timely repair of the injured heart. The concept of the trans-system protective mechanisms may be generalized to other organ systems-injury in one organ may initiate regional as well as trans-system protective responses, thereby minimizing injury and ensuring the survival of the entire organism. Selected trans-system processes may serve as core protective mechanisms that can be exploited by selected organs in injury. These naturally evolved protective mechanisms are the foundation for developing protective strategies for myocardial infarction and injury-induced disorders in other organ systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Q Liu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, China Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lou J, Low-Nam ST, Kerkvliet JG, Hoppe AD. Delivery of CSF-1R to the lumen of macropinosomes promotes its destruction in macrophages. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:5228-39. [PMID: 25335894 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.154393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the macrophage colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) by CSF-1 stimulates pronounced macropinocytosis and drives proliferation of macrophages. Although the role of macropinocytosis in CSF-1R signaling remains unknown, we show here that, despite internalizing large quantities of plasma membrane, macropinosomes contribute little to the internalization of the CSF-1-CSF-1R complex. Rather, internalization of the CSF-1R in small endocytic vesicles that are sensitive to clathrin disruption, outcompetes macropinosomes for CSF-1R endocytosis. Following internalization, small vesicles carrying the CSF-1R underwent homotypic fusion and then trafficked to newly formed macropinosomes bearing Rab5. As these macropinosomes matured, acquiring Rab7, the CSF-1R was transported into their lumen and degraded. Inhibition of macropinocytosis delayed receptor degradation despite no disruption to CSF-1R endocytosis. These data indicate that CSF-1-stimulated macropinosomes are sites of multivesicular body formation and accelerate CSF-1R degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that macropinocytosis and cell growth have a matching dose dependence on CSF-1, suggesting that macropinosomes might be a central mechanism coupling CSF-1R signaling and macrophage growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Lou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57007 SD, USA
| | - Shalini T Low-Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57007 SD, USA
| | - Jason G Kerkvliet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57007 SD, USA
| | - Adam D Hoppe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57007 SD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) is activated by the homodimeric growth factors colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34). It plays important roles in development and in innate immunity by regulating the development of most tissue macrophages and osteoclasts, of Langerhans cells of the skin, of Paneth cells of the small intestine, and of brain microglia. It also regulates the differentiation of neural progenitor cells and controls functions of oocytes and trophoblastic cells in the female reproductive tract. Owing to this broad tissue expression pattern, it plays a central role in neoplastic, inflammatory, and neurological diseases. In this review we summarize the evolution, structure, and regulation of expression of the CSF-1R gene. We discuss the structures of CSF-1, IL-34, and the CSF-1R and the mechanism of ligand binding to and activation of the receptor. We further describe the pathways regulating macrophage survival, proliferation, differentiation, and chemotaxis downstream from the CSF-1R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Richard Stanley
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Violeta Chitu
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Something old, something new and something borrowed: emerging paradigm of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:2403-27. [PMID: 24276851 PMCID: PMC4055838 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a key role in the development and progression of cancer; however, therapeutics targeting it have had disappointing results in the clinic. As a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), IGF-1R is traditionally described as an ON/OFF system, with ligand stabilizing the ON state and exclusive kinase-dependent signaling activation. Newly added to the traditional model, ubiquitin-mediated receptor downregulation and degradation was originally described as a response to ligand/receptor interaction and thus inseparable from kinase signaling activation. Yet, the classical model has proven over-simplified and insufficient to explain experimental evidence accumulated over the last decade, including kinase-independent signaling, unbalanced signaling, or dissociation between signaling and receptor downregulation. Based on the recent findings that IGF-1R “borrows” components of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, including β-arrestins and G-protein-related kinases, we discuss the emerging paradigm for the IGF-1R as a functional RTK/GPCR hybrid, which integrates the kinase signaling with the IGF-1R canonical GPCR characteristics. The contradictions to the classical IGF-1R signaling concept as well as the design of anti-IGF-1R therapeutics treatment are considered in the light of this paradigm shift and we advocate recognition of IGF-1R as a valid target for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhu J, Lin F, Brown DA, Clark RAF. A fibronectin peptide redirects PDGF-BB/PDGFR complexes to macropinocytosis-like internalization and augments PDGF-BB survival signals. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:921-929. [PMID: 24304816 PMCID: PMC3961502 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor-binding domains identified in various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins have been shown to regulate growth factor activity in many ways. Recently we identified a fibronectin peptide (P12) that can bind platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and promote adult human dermal fibroblast (AHDF) survival under stress. In vivo experiments in a porcine burn injury model showed that P12 limited burn injury progression, suggesting an active role in tissue survival. In this report, we explored the molecular mechanism of this peptide in ADHF under nutrient deprivation. Our results showed that P12 acted like some cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) in that it redirected ligand-bound PDGFR from the clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway to a slower, macropinocytosis-like pathway. P12 slowed internalization and degradation of PDGF-BB, augmented its survival signals, and promoted cell survival after nutrient-removal. Our findings demonstrate a mechanism for a potential therapeutic peptide that increases cell and tissue survival by acting as a cofactor to PDGF-BB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Fubao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Deborah A Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Richard A F Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jenkins SJ, Ruckerl D, Thomas GD, Hewitson JP, Duncan S, Brombacher F, Maizels RM, Hume DA, Allen JE. IL-4 directly signals tissue-resident macrophages to proliferate beyond homeostatic levels controlled by CSF-1. J Exp Med 2013; 210:2477-91. [PMID: 24101381 PMCID: PMC3804948 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦs) colonize tissues during inflammation in two distinct ways: recruitment of monocyte precursors and proliferation of resident cells. We recently revealed a major role for IL-4 in the proliferative expansion of resident MΦs during a Th2-biased tissue nematode infection. We now show that proliferation of MΦs during intestinal as well as tissue nematode infection is restricted to sites of IL-4 production and requires MΦ-intrinsic IL-4R signaling. However, both IL-4Rα-dependent and -independent mechanisms contributed to MΦ proliferation during nematode infections. IL-4R-independent proliferation was controlled by a rise in local CSF-1 levels, but IL-4Rα expression conferred a competitive advantage with higher and more sustained proliferation and increased accumulation of IL-4Rα(+) compared with IL-4Rα(-) cells. Mechanistically, this occurred by conversion of IL-4Rα(+) MΦs from a CSF-1-dependent to -independent program of proliferation. Thus, IL-4 increases the relative density of tissue MΦs by overcoming the constraints mediated by the availability of CSF-1. Finally, although both elevated CSF1R and IL-4Rα signaling triggered proliferation above homeostatic levels, only CSF-1 led to the recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils. Thus, the IL-4 pathway of proliferation may have developed as an alternative to CSF-1 to increase resident MΦ numbers without coincident monocyte recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Jenkins
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences; and Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research and The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Dominik Ruckerl
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences; and Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research and The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Graham D. Thomas
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences; and Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research and The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - James P. Hewitson
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences; and Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research and The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Sheelagh Duncan
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences; and Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research and The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences; and Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research and The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - David A. Hume
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences; and Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research and The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| | - Judith E. Allen
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences; and Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research and The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Barthwal MK, Anzinger JJ, Xu Q, Bohnacker T, Wymann MP, Kruth HS. Fluid-phase pinocytosis of native low density lipoprotein promotes murine M-CSF differentiated macrophage foam cell formation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58054. [PMID: 23536783 PMCID: PMC3594233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During atherosclerosis, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol accumulates in macrophages to form foam cells. Macrophage uptake of LDL promotes foam cell formation but the mechanism mediating this process is not clear. The present study investigates the mechanism of LDL uptake for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-differentiated murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. LDL receptor-null (LDLR−/−) macrophages incubated with LDL showed non-saturable accumulation of cholesterol that did not down-regulate for the 24 h examined. Incubation of LDLR−/− macrophages with increasing concentrations of 125I-LDL showed non-saturable macrophage LDL uptake. A 20-fold excess of unlabeled LDL had no effect on 125I-LDL uptake by wild-type macrophages and genetic deletion of the macrophage scavenger receptors CD36 and SRA did not affect 125I-LDL uptake, showing that LDL uptake occurred by fluid-phase pinocytosis independently of receptors. Cholesterol accumulation was inhibited approximately 50% in wild-type and LDLR−/− mice treated with LY294002 or wortmannin, inhibitors of all classes of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K). Time-lapse, phase-contrast microscopy showed that macropinocytosis, an important fluid-phase uptake pathway in macrophages, was blocked almost completely by PI3K inhibition with wortmannin. Pharmacological inhibition of the class I PI3K isoforms alpha, beta, gamma or delta did not affect macrophage LDL-derived cholesterol accumulation or macropinocytosis. Furthermore, macrophages from mice expressing kinase-dead class I PI3K beta, gamma or delta isoforms showed no decrease in cholesterol accumulation or macropinocytosis when compared with wild-type macrophages. Thus, non-class I PI3K isoforms mediated macropinocytosis in these macrophages. Further characterization of the components necessary for LDL uptake, cholesterol accumulation, and macropinocytosis identified dynamin, microtubules, actin, and vacuolar type H(+)-ATPase as contributing to uptake. However, Pak1, Rac1, and Src-family kinases, which mediate fluid-phase pinocytosis in certain other cell types, were unnecessary. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that targeting those components mediating macrophage macropinocytosis with inhibitors may be an effective strategy to limit macrophage accumulation of LDL-derived cholesterol in arteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K. Barthwal
- Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Anzinger
- Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Qing Xu
- Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas Bohnacker
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Howard S. Kruth
- Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hamilton JA, Achuthan A. Colony stimulating factors and myeloid cell biology in health and disease. Trends Immunol 2013; 34:81-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|