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Zhang Y, Zhou A. Macrophage activation contributes to diabetic retinopathy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:585-597. [PMID: 38429382 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is recognized as a neurovascular complication of diabetes, and emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of inflammation in its pathophysiology. Macrophage activation is increasingly acknowledged as a key contributor to the onset and progression of DR. Different populations of macrophages originating from distinct sources contribute to DR-associated inflammation. Retinal macrophages can be broadly categorized into two main groups based on their origin: intrinsic macrophages situated within the retina and vitreoretinal interface and macrophages derived from infiltrating monocytes. The former comprises microglia (MG), perivascular macrophages, and macrophage-like hyalocytes. Retinal MG, as the principal population of tissue-resident population of mononuclear phagocytes, exhibits high heterogeneity and plasticity while serving as a crucial connector between retinal capillaries and synapses. This makes MG actively involved in the pathological processes across various stages of DR. Activated hyalocytes also contribute to the pathological progression of advanced DR. Additionally, recruited monocytes, displaying rapid turnover in circulation, augment the population of retinal macrophages during DR pathogenesis, exerting pathogenic or protective effect based on different subtypes. In this review, we examine novel perspectives on macrophage biology based on recent studies elucidating the diversity of macrophage identity and function, as well as the mechanisms influencing macrophage behavior. These insights may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies in the management of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Aiyi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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2
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Deng Y, Chen Q, Wan C, Sun Y, Huang F, Hu Y, Yang K. Microglia and macrophage metabolism: a regulator of cerebral gliomas. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:49. [PMID: 38632627 PMCID: PMC11022384 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancer cells play important roles in tumorigenesis and progression of glioma. Glioma-associated macrophages (GAMs), either of peripheral origin or representing brain-intrinsic microglia, are the majority population of infiltrating immune cells in glioma. GAMs, usually classified into M1 and M2 phenotypes, have remarkable plasticity and regulate tumor progression through different metabolic pathways. Recently, research efforts have increasingly focused on GAMs metabolism as potential targets for glioma therapy. This review aims to delineate the metabolic characteristics of GAMs within the TME and provide a summary of current therapeutic strategies targeting GAMs metabolism in glioma. The goal is to provide novel insights and therapeutic pathways for glioma by highlighting the significance of GAMs metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Deng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qinyan Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chao Wan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yajie Sun
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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He J, Zhou S, Wang J, Sun B, Ni D, Wu J, Peng X. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative electrospun nanofiber membrane promotes diabetic wound healing via macrophage modulation. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:116. [PMID: 38493156 PMCID: PMC10943854 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the inflammatory milieu of diabetic chronic wounds, macrophages undergo substantial metabolic reprogramming and play a pivotal role in orchestrating immune responses. Itaconic acid, primarily synthesized by inflammatory macrophages as a byproduct in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, has recently gained increasing attention as an immunomodulator. This study aims to assess the immunomodulatory capacity of an itaconic acid derivative, 4-Octyl itaconate (OI), which was covalently conjugated to electrospun nanofibers and investigated through in vitro studies and a full-thickness wound model of diabetic mice. RESULTS OI was feasibly conjugated onto chitosan (CS), which was then grafted to electrospun polycaprolactone/gelatin (PG) nanofibers to obtain P/G-CS-OI membranes. The P/G-CS-OI membrane exhibited good mechanical strength, compliance, and biocompatibility. In addition, the sustained OI release endowed the nanofiber membrane with great antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities as revealed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Specifically, the P/G-CS-OI membrane activated nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) by alkylating Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). This antioxidative response modulates macrophage polarization, leading to mitigated inflammatory responses, enhanced angiogenesis, and recovered re-epithelization, finally contributing to improved healing of mouse diabetic wounds. CONCLUSIONS The P/G-CS-OI nanofiber membrane shows good capacity in macrophage modulation and might be promising for diabetic chronic wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibing He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Dalong Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China.
| | - Jinglei Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China.
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Chong CF, Hasnizan NYU, Ahmad Mokhtar AM. Navigating the landscape of Rho GTPase signalling system in autoimmunity: A bibliometric analysis spanning over three decades (1990 to 2023). Cell Signal 2023; 111:110855. [PMID: 37598919 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Ras-homologous (Rho) guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are considered a central player in regulating various biological processes, extending to immune regulation. Perturbations in Rho GTPase signalling have been implicated in immune-related dysregulation, contributing to the development of autoimmunity. This study presents a scientometric analysis exploring the interlink between the Rho GTPase signalling system and autoimmunity, while also delving into the trends of past studies. A total of 967 relevant publications from 1990 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database after throrough manual filtering of irrelevant articles. The findings show an upward trajectory in publications related to this field since 2006. Over the past three decades, the United States of America (41.68%) emerged as the primary contributor in advancing our understanding of the association between the Rho GTPase signalling system and autoimmunity. Research in autoimmunity has mainly centered around therapeutic interventions, with an emphasis on studying leukocyte (macrophage) and endothelial remodelling. Interestingly, within the domains of multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, the current focus has been directed towards comprehending the role of RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42. Notably, certain subfamilies of Rho (such as RhoB and RhoC), Rac (including Rac2 and RhoG), Cdc42 (specifically RhoJ), and other atypical Rho GTPases (like RhoE and RhoH) consistently demonstrating compelling link with autoimmunity, but still warrants emphasis in the future study. Hence, strategic manipulation of the Rho signalling system holds immense promise as a pivotal approach to addressing the global challenge of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Fung Chong
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Nik Yasmin Umaira Hasnizan
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Ana Masara Ahmad Mokhtar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
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Yao Y, Li J, Zhou Y, Wang S, Zhang Z, Jiang Q, Li K. Macrophage/microglia polarization for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1276225. [PMID: 37842315 PMCID: PMC10569308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1276225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages/microglia are immune system defense and homeostatic cells that develop from bone marrow progenitor cells. According to the different phenotypes and immune responses of macrophages (Th1 and Th2), the two primary categories of polarized macrophages/microglia are those conventionally activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2). Macrophage/microglial polarization is a key regulating factor in the development of inflammatory disorders, cancers, metabolic disturbances, and neural degeneration. Macrophage/microglial polarization is involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, pathological angiogenesis, and tissue healing processes in ocular diseases, particularly in diabetic retinopathy (DR). The functional phenotypes of macrophages/microglia affect disease progression and prognosis, and thus regulate the polarization or functional phenotype of microglia at different DR stages, which may offer new concepts for individualized therapy of DR. This review summarizes the involvement of macrophage/microglia polarization in physiological situations and in the pathological process of DR, and discusses the promising role of polarization in personalized treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suyu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keran Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Chen Y, Liu Z, Lin Z, Lu M, Fu Y, Liu G, Yu B. The effect of Staphylococcus aureus on innate and adaptive immunity and potential immunotherapy for S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1219895. [PMID: 37744377 PMCID: PMC10517662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1219895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a chronic inflammatory bone disease caused by infection of open fractures or post-operative implants. Particularly in patients with open fractures, the risk of osteomyelitis is greatly increased as the soft tissue damage and bacterial infection are often more severe. Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most common pathogens of osteomyelitis, disrupts the immune response through multiple mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, virulence factor secretion, and metabolic pattern alteration, which attenuates the effectiveness of antibiotics and surgical debridement toward osteomyelitis. In osteomyelitis, immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and T cells are activated in response to pathogenic bacteria invasion with excessive inflammatory factor secretion, immune checkpoint overexpression, and downregulation of immune pathway transcription factors, which enhances osteoclastogenesis and results in bone destruction. Therefore, the study of the mechanisms of abnormal immunity will be a new breakthrough in the treatment of osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Chen
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixian Liu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexin Lin
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mincheng Lu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical College, South China University, Hengyang, China
| | - Guanqiao Liu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Bao K, Jiao Y, Xing L, Zhang F, Tian F. The role of wnt signaling in diabetes-induced osteoporosis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:84. [PMID: 37106471 PMCID: PMC10141960 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, is characterized by a reduction in bone mass, destruction of bone microarchitecture, decreased bone strength, and increased bone fragility. Because of its insidious onset, osteoporosis renders patients highly susceptible to pathological fractures, leading to increased disability and mortality rates. However, the specific pathogenesis of osteoporosis induced by chronic hyperglycemia has not yet been fully elucidated. But it is currently known that the disruption of Wnt signaling triggered by chronic hyperglycemia is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic osteoporosis. There are two main types of Wnt signaling pathways, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (β-catenin-dependent) and the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway (non-β-catenin-dependent), both of which play an important role in regulating the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Therefore, this review systematically describes the effects of abnormal Wnt pathway signaling on bone homeostasis under hyperglycemia, hoping to reveal the relationship between Wnt signaling and diabetic osteoporosis to further improve understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairan Bao
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yinghua Jiao
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- North China University of Science and Technology, Bohai Road 21, Caofeidian Dis, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Faming Tian
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Affiliated hospital of North, China University of Science and Technology, Jianshe South Road 73, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- North China University of Science and Technology, Bohai Road 21, Caofeidian Dis, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Sousa ESA, Queiroz LAD, Guimarães JPT, Pantoja KC, Barros RS, Epiphanio S, Martins JO. The influence of high glucose conditions on macrophages and its effect on the autophagy pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130662. [PMID: 37122742 PMCID: PMC10130370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macrophages are central cells in mediating the inflammatory response. Objective and Methods We evaluated the effect of high glucose conditions on the inflammatory profile and the autophagy pathway in Bone-Marrow Derived Macrophages (BMDM) from diabetic (D-BMDM) (alloxan: 60mg/kg, i.v.) and non-diabetic (ND-BMDM) C57BL/6 mice. BMDM were cultured in medium with normal glucose (5.5 mM), or high glucose (25 mM) concentration and were primed with Nigericin (20µM) stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) at times of 30 minutes; 2; 4; 6 and 24 hours, with the measurement of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α cytokines. Results We have further identified changes in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, where BMDM showed increased secretion of these cytokines after LPS + Nigericin stimulation. In addition, changes were observed in the autophagy pathway, where the increase in the autophagic protein LC3b and Beclin-1 occurred by macrophages of non-diabetic animals in hyperglycemic medium, without LPS stimulation. D-BMDM showed a reduction on the expression of LC3b and Beclin-1, suggesting an impaired autophagic process in these cells. Conclusion The results suggest that hyperglycemia alters the inflammatory pathways in macrophages stimulated by LPS, playing an important role in the inflammatory response of diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuella S. A. Sousa
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz A. D. Queiroz
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João P. T. Guimarães
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamilla C. Pantoja
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael S. Barros
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Laboratory of Malaria Cellular and Molecular Immunopathology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joilson O. Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Joilson O. Martins,
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Tang L, Xu GT, Zhang JF. Inflammation in diabetic retinopathy: possible roles in pathogenesis and potential implications for therapy. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:976-982. [PMID: 36254977 PMCID: PMC9827774 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, characterized as a microangiopathy and neurodegenerative disease, is the leading cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients. Many clinical features observed in diabetic retinopathy, such as capillary occlusion, acellular capillaries and retinal non-perfusion, aggregate retinal ischemia and represent relatively late events in diabetic retinopathy. In fact, retinal microvascular injury is an early event in diabetic retinopathy involving multiple biochemical alterations, and is manifested by changes to the retinal neurovascular unit and its cellular components. Currently, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy is the first-line treatment for diabetic macular edema, and benefits the patient by decreasing the edema and improving visual acuity. However, a significant proportion of patients respond poorly to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatments, indicating that factors other than vascular endothelial growth factor are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema. Accumulating evidence confirms that low-grade inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of diabetic retinopathy as multiple inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor -α, are increased in the vitreous and retina of diabetic retinopathy patients. These inflammatory factors, together with growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, contribute to blood-retinal barrier breakdown, vascular damage and neuroinflammation, as well as pathological angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy, complicated by diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In addition, retinal cell types including microglia, Müller glia, astrocytes, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and others are activated, to secrete inflammatory mediators, aggravating cell apoptosis and subsequent vascular leakage. New therapies, targeting these inflammatory molecules or related signaling pathways, have the potential to inhibit retinal inflammation and prevent diabetic retinopathy progression. Here, we review the relevant literature to date, summarize the inflammatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, and propose inflammation-based treatments for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Eye Institute, Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Correspondence to: Guo-Tong Xu, ; Jing-Fa Zhang, .
| | - Jing-Fa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People’s Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China,Correspondence to: Guo-Tong Xu, ; Jing-Fa Zhang, .
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Yao J, Wu D, Qiu Y. Adipose tissue macrophage in obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977485. [PMID: 36119080 PMCID: PMC9478335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) has been appreciated for its critical contribution to obesity-associated metabolic diseases in recent years. Here, we discuss the regulation of ATM on both metabolic homeostatsis and dysfunction. In particular, the macrophage polarization and recruitment as well as the crosstalk between ATM and adipocyte in thermogenesis, obesity, insulin resistance and adipose tissue fibrosis have been reviewed. A better understanding of how ATM regulates adipose tissue remodeling may provide novel therapeutic strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Yao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifu Qiu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yifu Qiu,
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Lan C, Liu G, Huang L, Wang X, Tan J, Wang Y, Fan N, Zhu Y, Yu M, Liu X. Forkhead Domain Inhibitor-6 Suppresses Corneal Neovascularization and Subsequent Fibrosis After Alkali Burn in Rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:14. [PMID: 35446346 PMCID: PMC9034725 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Forkhead Domain Inhibitor-6 (FDI-6) on regulating inflammatory corneal angiogenesis and subsequent fibrosis induced by alkali burn. Methods A corneal alkali burn model was established in Sprague Dawley rats using NaOH and the rat eyes were topically treated with FDI-6 (40 µM) or a control vehicle four times daily for 7 days. Corneal neovascularization, inflammation and epithelial defects were observed on days 1, 4, and 7 under a slit lamp microscope after corneal alkali burn. Analysis of angiogenesis-, inflammation-, and fibrosis-related indicators was conducted on day 7. Murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) and mouse retinal microvascular endothelial cells (MRMECs) were used to examine the effects of FDI-6 on inflammatory angiogenesis in vitro. Results Topical delivery of FDI-6 significantly attenuated alkali burn-induced corneal inflammation, neovascularization, and fibrosis. FDI-6 suppressed the expression of angiogenic factors (vascular epidermal growth factor, CD31, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and endothelial NO synthase), fibrotic factors (α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin), and pro-inflammatory factor interleukin-6 in alkali-injured corneas. FDI-6 downregulated the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3, and vascular endothelial growth factor in RAW264.7 cells and inhibited the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of MRMECs in vitro. Conclusions FDI-6 can attenuate corneal neovascularization, inflammation, and fibrosis in alkali-injured corneas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Lan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Longxiang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xizhen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junkai Tan
- Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihua Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Man Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the 2nd Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Suzuki T, Yamashita S, Hattori K, Matsuda N, Hattori Y. Impact of a long-term high-glucose environment on pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2129-2139. [PMID: 34402957 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative evidence has established that macrophages orchestrate inflammatory responses that crucially contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin-resistant obesity and type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we examined the impact of hyperglycemia on macrophage pro-inflammatory responses under an inflammatory stimulus. To conduct this study, RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured under normal- (5.5 mM) or high-glucose (22 or 40 mM) conditions for 7 days and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Long-term exposure to high glucose significantly enhanced the increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, when macrophages were stimulated with LPS. The LPS-induced increases in inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) expression and NO production were also significantly enhanced by long-term exposure of macrophages to high glucose. Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a widely used thiol-containing antioxidant, blunted the enhancement of the LPS-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, iNOS expression, and NO production in macrophages. When intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were visualized using the fluorescence dye 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester, a significant increase in ROS generation was found after stimulation of macrophages with LPS, and this increased ROS generation was exacerbated under long-term high-glucose conditions. LPS-induced translocation of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor regulating many pro-inflammatory genes, into the nucleus was promoted under long-term high-glucose conditions. Altogether, the present results indicate that a long-term high-glucose environment can enhance activation of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated macrophages possibly due to excessive ROS production, thereby leading to increased macrophage pro-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokiko Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- J-Pharma Co., Ltd., Yokohama, 230-0046, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kohshi Hattori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, 061-0293, Japan.
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13
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Wu H, Wang M, Li X, Shao Y. The Metaflammatory and Immunometabolic Role of Macrophages and Microglia in Diabetic Retinopathy. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1617-1628. [PMID: 34324139 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Emergent studies reveal the roles of inflammatory cells and cytokines in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is gradually portrayed as a chronic inflammatory disease accompanied by metabolic disorder. Through the pathogenesis of DR, macrophages or microglia play a critical role in the inflammation, neovascularization, and neurodegeneration of the retina. Conventionally, macrophages are generally divided into M1 and M2 phenotypes which mainly rely on glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, respectively. Recently, studies have found that nutrients (including glucose and lipids) and metabolites (such as lactate), can not only provide energy for cells, but also act as signaling molecules to regulate the function and fate of cells. In this review, we discussed the intrinsic correlations among the metabolic status, polarization, and function of macrophage/microglia in DR. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia could induce M1-like and M2-like macrophages polarization in different phases of DR. Targeting the regulation of microglial metabolic profile might be a promising therapeutic strategy to modulate the polarization and function of macrophages/microglia, thus attenuating the progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglian Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China.,Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China.,Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China.,Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China.,Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China.,Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China.,Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China. .,Tianjin International Joint Research and Development Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China. .,Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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14
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Cheng CI, Tai MH, Chang HR, Chou MH, Chen GT, Chen PH, Kao YH. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein induced hepatoma-derived growth factor upregulation mediates foam cell formation of cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151169. [PMID: 34273665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are important vascular components that are essential for the regulation of vascular functions during vascular atherosclerogenesis and vascular injury. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is known to induce SMC activation and foam cell transformation. This study characterized the role of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in oxLDL-induced foam cell formation in cultured primary rat aortic SMCs. OxLDL exposure significantly increased HDGF expression and extracellular release. It also upregulated atherogenic regulators in SMCs, including TLR4, MyD88, LOX-1, and CD36. Exogenous HDGF stimulation not only increased the expression of cognate receptor nucleolin, but also the innate immunity regulators TLR4/MyD88 and lipid metabolism regulators, including LOX-1 and CD36. Oil red O staining showed that HDGF did not initiate, but enhanced oxLDL-driven foam cell formation in SMCs. Further signaling characterization demonstrated that oxLDL evoked activation of PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, both of which were involved in the upregulation of HDGF, LOX-1, and CD36 induced by oxLDL. Gene knockdown experiments using LOX-1 targeted siRNA demonstrated that LOX-1 expression was critical for oxLDL-induced HDGF upregulation, while HDGF gene depletion completely abolished oxLDL-triggered TLR4, LOX-1, and CD36 overexpression and foam cell formation in SMCs. These findings strongly suggest that oxLDL-induced HDGF upregulation participates in subsequent LOX-1 and CD36 expression in aortic SMCs and mechanistically contributes to the formation of SMC-derived foam cells. The oxLDL/LOX-1/HDGF axis may serve as a target for anti-atherogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-I Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huoy-Rou Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huei Chou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Cheng-Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ting Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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15
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Kim K, Mahajan A, Patel K, Syed S, Acevedo‐Jake AM, Kumar VA. Materials and Cytokines in the Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KaKyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Aryan Mahajan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Kamiya Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Shareef Syed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Amanda M. Acevedo‐Jake
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Vivek A. Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
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16
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Otto L, Rahn S, Daunke T, Walter F, Winter E, Möller JL, Rose-John S, Wesch D, Schäfer H, Sebens S. Initiation of Pancreatic Cancer: The Interplay of Hyperglycemia and Macrophages Promotes the Acquisition of Malignancy-Associated Properties in Pancreatic Ductal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105086. [PMID: 34064969 PMCID: PMC8151031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still one of the most aggressive solid malignancies with a poor prognosis. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two major risk factors linked to the development and progression of PDAC, both often characterized by high blood glucose levels. Macrophages represent the main immune cell population in PDAC contributing to PDAC development. It has already been shown that pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDEC) undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) when exposed to hyperglycemia or macrophages. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether concomitant exposure to hyperglycemia and macrophages aggravates EMT-associated alterations in PDEC. Exposure to macrophages and elevated glucose levels (25 mM glucose) impacted gene expression of EMT inducers such as IL-6 and TNF-α as well as EMT transcription factors in benign (H6c7-pBp) and premalignant (H6c7-kras) PDEC. Most strikingly, exposure to hyperglycemic coculture with macrophages promoted downregulation of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, which was associated with an elevated migratory potential of PDEC. While blocking IL-6 activity by tocilizumab only partially reverted the EMT phenotype in H6c7-kras cells, neutralization of TNF-α by etanercept was able to clearly impair EMT-associated properties in premalignant PDEC. Altogether, the current study attributes a role to a T2DM-related hyperglycemic, inflammatory micromilieu in the acquisition of malignancy-associated alterations in premalignant PDEC, thus providing new insights on how metabolic diseases might promote PDAC initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Otto
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.O.); (T.D.); (F.W.); (E.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Sascha Rahn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.R.); (S.R.-J.)
| | - Tina Daunke
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.O.); (T.D.); (F.W.); (E.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Frederik Walter
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.O.); (T.D.); (F.W.); (E.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Elsa Winter
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.O.); (T.D.); (F.W.); (E.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Julia Luisa Möller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (S.R.); (S.R.-J.)
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, Kiel University and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.O.); (T.D.); (F.W.); (E.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University (CAU) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (L.O.); (T.D.); (F.W.); (E.W.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-500-30501
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17
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Liu X, Guo B, Zhang W, Ma B, Li Y. MiR-20a-5p overexpression prevented diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Biochem 2021; 170:349-362. [PMID: 33837411 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cardiovascular disease. A declined miR-20a-5p was observed in hearts of diabetic mice, while its effect on DCM remains unknown. Herein, we established streptozotocin-induced DCM rat model and high glucose-stimulated H9C2 model of DCM. They then were treated with adenovirus expressing miR-20a-5p to explore the function of miR-20a-5p. ITT and ipGTT assay revealed that miR-20a-5p reduced blood glucose level. Besides, miR-20a-5p improved cardiac dysfunction reflected by reduced HW/BW and LVDP, and increased LVSP and ±LV dp/dt max. MiR-20a-5p prevented cardiomyocyte apoptosis, along with the up-regulated c-caspase-3, bax and down-regulated bcl-2. Moreover, miR-20a-5p alleviated cardiac hypertrophy as the parameters of ANP, BNP and MyHC-β decreased. Also, miR-20a-5p attenuated the cardiac fibrosis demonstrated by decreased TGF-β1, collagen I levels and the inflammatory response manifested by reduced IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β production. Furthermore, miR-20a-5p prevented JNK phosphorylation and NF-κB p65nuclear translocation. Similarly, the effects of miR-20a-5p on DCM were confirmed in our in vitro experiments. Additionally, ROCK2 is a possible target gene of miR-20a-5p. ROCK2 overexpression reversed the protective effect of miR-20a-5p on DCM. Overall, miR-20a-5p may effectively ameliorate DCM through improving cardiac metabolism, and subsequently inhibiting inflammation, apoptosis, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and JNK/NF-κB pathway via modulating ROCK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.,The Third Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, China
| | - Bingyan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Third Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, China
| | - Bocong Ma
- The Third Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
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18
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Wang C, Nan X, Pei S, Zhao Y, Wang X, Ma S, Ma G. Salidroside and isorhamnetin attenuate urotensin II-induced inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro: Involvement in regulating the RhoA/ROCK II pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:292. [PMID: 33732368 PMCID: PMC7905674 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII), a vital vasoconstrictor peptide, causes an inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have reported that the Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA)/Rho kinases (ROCK) pathway modulates the inflammatory response of the atherosclerotic process. However, to the best of our knowledge, whether the RhoA/ROCK pathway mediates the inflammatory effect of UII has not been previously elucidated. Salidroside and isorhamnetin are two early developed antioxidant Tibetan drugs, both displaying cardioprotective effects against atherosclerosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of salidroside, isorhamnetin or combination of these two drugs on the UII-induced inflammatory response in vivo (rats) or in vitro [primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)], as well as to examine the role of the RhoA/ROCK pathway in these processes. The levels of inflammatory markers were measured via ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression levels of RhoA and ROCK II were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assay and western blot analysis. It was demonstrated that salidroside, isorhamnetin and both in combination decreased the levels of the serum pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor in rats with subacute infusion of UII and in the culture supernatant from primary VSMCs-exposed to UII. Moreover, salidroside, isorhamnetin and both in combination attenuated the mRNA and protein expression levels of RhoA and ROCK II in vivo and in vitro, at concentrations corresponding to human therapeutic blood plasma concentrations. Thus, these drugs could inhibit the RhoA/ROCK II pathway under UII conditions. The combination of salidroside and isorhamnetin did not display a stronger inhibitory effect on the inflammatory response and the RhoA/ROCK II pathway compared with salidroside and isorhamnetin in isolation. Collectively, the results indicated that salidroside, isorhamnetin and both in combination inhibited the RhoA/ROCK II pathway, which then attenuated the inflammatory response under UII-induced conditions, resulting in cardioprotection in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Northwest Minzu University Health Science Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Nan
- Intensive Care Unit, Gansu Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Pei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Northwest Minzu University Health Science Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Northwest Minzu University Health Science Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Northwest Minzu University Health Science Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Northwest Minzu University Health Science Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Guoyan Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Northwest Minzu University Health Science Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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19
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Wang X, Chen S, He J, Chen W, Ding Y, Huang J, Huang J. Histone methyltransferases G9a mediated lipid-induced M1 macrophage polarization through negatively regulating CD36. Metabolism 2021; 114:154404. [PMID: 33069810 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have considered the obesity-related lipid environment as the potential cause for M1 macrophage polarization in type 2 diabetes. However, the specific regulatory mechanism is still unclear. Here, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism of histone methyltransferases G9a in lipids-induced M1 macrophage polarization in type 2 diabetes. METHODS We used saturated fatty acid palmitate to induce macrophage polarization, and performed real-time PCR, western blot, flow cytometry and CHIP assay to study the function and molecular mechanism of G9a. Additionally, we isolated the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 187 patients with type 2 diabetes and 68 healthy individuals, and analyzed the expression level of G9a. RESULTS The palmitate treatment induced the macrophage M1 polarization, and decreased the expression of G9a. The deficiency of G9a could promote the palmitate-induced M1 macrophage polarization, whereas, over-expressing G9a notably suppressed this process. Meanwhile, we observed the regulatory role of G9a on the ER stress which could contribute to M1 macrophage. Furthermore, we identified the fatty acid transport protein CD36 as the potential target of G9a. Dependent on the methyltransferase activity, G9a could negatively regulate the expression of CD36 induced by palmitate. The CD36 inhibitor SSO could significantly attenuate the regulatory effect of G9a on M1 macrophage polarization and ER stress. Importantly, G9a was decreased, and suppressed CD36 and M1 macrophage genes in the PBMCs from individuals with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that G9a plays critical roles in lipid-induced M1 macrophage polarization via negatively regulating CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinrong He
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiqun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Dai X, Heng BC, Bai Y, You F, Sun X, Li Y, Tang Z, Xu M, Zhang X, Deng X. Restoration of electrical microenvironment enhances bone regeneration under diabetic conditions by modulating macrophage polarization. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:2029-2038. [PMID: 33474514 PMCID: PMC7787955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-mediated inflammation compromises bone repair in diabetic patients. Electrical signaling cues are known to regulate macrophage functions. However, the biological effects of electrical microenvironment from charged biomaterials on the immune response for regulating osteogenesis under diabetic conditions remain to be elucidated. Herein the endogeneous electrical microenvironment of native bone tissue was recapitulated by fabricating a ferroelectric BaTiO3/poly (vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) (BTO/P(VDF-TrFE)) nanocomposite membrane. In vitro, the polarized BaTiO3/poly (vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) (BTO/P(VDF-TrFE)) nanocomposite membranes inhibited high glucose-induced M1-type inflammation, by effecting changes in cell morphology, M1 marker expression and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophages. This led to enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). In vivo, the biomimetic electrical microenvironment recapitulated by the polarized nanocomposite membranes switched macrophage phenotype from the pro-inflammatory (M1) into the pro-healing (M2) phenotype, which in turn enhanced bone regeneration in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mechanistic studies revealed that the biomimetic electrical microenvironment attenuated pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization under hyperglycemic conditions by suppressing expression of AKT2 and IRF5 within the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, thereby inducing favorable osteo-immunomodulatory effects. Our study thus provides fundamental insights into the biological effects of restoring the electrical microenvironment conducive for osteogenesis under DM conditions, and offers an effective strategy to design functionalized biomaterials for bone regeneration therapy in diabetic patients. Electrical microenvironment recapitulated by BTO membranes switched pro-inflammatory M1 into pro-healing M2 phenotype. The macrophage phenotype transformation from M1 to M2 promotes bone regeneration in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Restored electrical microenvironment attenuated M1 macrophage polarization via downregulation of AKT2-IRF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Dai
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.,Department of Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.,Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yunyang Bai
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Fuping You
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- Department of Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yiping Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
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21
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Geum NG, Eo HJ, Kim HJ, Park GH, Son HJ, Jeong JB. Immune-enhancing activity of Hydrangea macrophylla subsp. serrata leaves through TLR4/ROS-dependent activation of JNK and NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells and immunosuppressed mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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22
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Cheng CI, Chang HR, Tai MH, Chou MH, Chen GT, Chen PH, Kao YH. Hepatoma-derived growth factor enhances osteoblastic transformation of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Life Sci 2020; 256:117964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Anderson G, Carbone A, Mazzoccoli G. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Role in Co-Ordinating SARS-CoV-2 Entry and Symptomatology: Linking Cytotoxicity Changes in COVID-19 and Cancers; Modulation by Racial Discrimination Stress. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E249. [PMID: 32867244 PMCID: PMC7564943 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is an under-recognized role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in co-ordinating the entry and pathophysiology of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that underpins the COVID-19 pandemic. The rise in pro-inflammatory cytokines during the 'cytokine storm' induce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), leading to an increase in kynurenine that activates the AhR, thereby heightening the initial pro-inflammatory cytokine phase and suppressing the endogenous anti-viral response. Such AhR-driven changes underpin the heightened severity and fatality associated with pre-existent high-risk medical conditions, such as type II diabetes, as well as to how racial discrimination stress contributes to the raised severity/fatality in people from the Black Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities. The AhR is pivotal in modulating mitochondrial metabolism and co-ordinating specialized, pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), the melatonergic pathways, acetyl-coenzyme A, and the cyclooxygenase (COX) 2-prostaglandin (PG) E2 pathway that underpin 'exhaustion' in the endogenous anti-viral cells, paralleling similar metabolic suppression in cytolytic immune cells that is evident across all cancers. The pro-inflammatory cytokine induced gut permeability/dysbiosis and suppression of pineal melatonin are aspects of the wider pathophysiological underpinnings regulated by the AhR. This has a number of prophylactic and treatment implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection and cancers and future research directions that better investigate the biological underpinnings of social processes and how these may drive health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1PB, UK;
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy;
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24
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Kawata R, Oda S, Koya Y, Kajiyama H, Yokoi T. Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles regulate concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by suppressing macrophage cytokine production. Toxicology 2020; 443:152544. [PMID: 32739513 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver failure is a clinical syndrome of severe hepatic dysfunction. Immune cells play an important role in acute liver failure. In recent years, the immunoregulatory function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been reported; therefore, it is inferred that EVs play a role in immune-mediated hepatitis. In this study, we investigated the immunoregulatory function of EVs in concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis. The mouse model was prepared by a single intravenous administration of 15 mg/kg Con A, in which there was a significant increase in the serum EVs number. In an in vitro study, the number of secreted EVs was also significantly increased in Con A-treated RAW264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage cell line, but not in Hepa1-6 cells, a mouse hepatoma cell line. In an in vitro EVs treatment study, EVs from Con A-treated mouse serum and Con A-treated RAW264.7 cells suppressed inflammatory cytokine production in Con A-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. miRNA sequencing analysis showed that the expression of mmu-miR-122-5p and mmu-miR-148a-3p was commonly increased in these EVs and EVs-treated cells. The pathways enriched in the predicted miRNA target genes included inflammatory response pathways. The mRNA levels of the target genes in these pathways (mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase pathways) were decreased in the EVs-treated cells. In an in vivo RNA interference study, the knockdown of liver RAB27A, an EVs secretion regulator, significantly exacerbated Con A-induced hepatitis. These data suggest that macrophage-derived EVs play an important role in Con A-induced hepatitis through immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reo Kawata
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Department of Investigative Toxicology, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Shingo Oda
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Koya
- Bell Research Center Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Research & Industrial-Academia Collaboration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yokoi
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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25
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Rubino F, Cohen RV, Mingrone G, le Roux CW, Mechanick JI, Arterburn DE, Vidal J, Alberti G, Amiel SA, Batterham RL, Bornstein S, Chamseddine G, Del Prato S, Dixon JB, Eckel RH, Hopkins D, McGowan BM, Pan A, Patel A, Pattou F, Schauer PR, Zimmet PZ, Cummings DE. Bariatric and metabolic surgery during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: DSS recommendations for management of surgical candidates and postoperative patients and prioritisation of access to surgery. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020; 8:640-648. [PMID: 32386567 PMCID: PMC7252156 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is wreaking havoc on society, especially health-care systems, including disrupting bariatric and metabolic surgery. The current limitations on accessibility to non-urgent care undermine postoperative monitoring of patients who have undergone such operations. Furthermore, like most elective surgery, new bariatric and metabolic procedures are being postponed worldwide during the pandemic. When the outbreak abates, a backlog of people seeking these operations will exist. Hence, surgical candidates face prolonged delays of beneficial treatment. Because of the progressive nature of obesity and diabetes, delaying surgery increases risks for morbidity and mortality, thus requiring strategies to mitigate harm. The risk of harm, however, varies among patients, depending on the type and severity of their comorbidities. A triaging strategy is therefore needed. The traditional weight-centric patient-selection criteria do not favour cases based on actual clinical needs. In this Personal View, experts from the Diabetes Surgery Summit consensus conference series provide guidance for the management of patients while surgery is delayed and for postoperative surveillance. We also offer a strategy to prioritise bariatric and metabolic surgery candidates on the basis of the diseases that are most likely to be ameliorated postoperatively. Although our system will be particularly germane in the immediate future, it also provides a framework for long-term clinically meaningful prioritisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Rubino
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Ricardo V Cohen
- Center for the treatment of Obesity and Diabetes, Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey I Mechanick
- The Marie-Josee and Henry R Kravis Center for Clinical Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Heart, New York, NY, USA; Divisions of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David E Arterburn
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Josep Vidal
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clinic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - George Alberti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Stephanie A Amiel
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel L Batterham
- Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, UK; University College London Hospitals Bariatric Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery, London, UK; National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Stefan Bornstein
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Stefano Del Prato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - John B Dixon
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David Hopkins
- King's Health Partners' Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity, London, UK
| | - Barbara M McGowan
- Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity, Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ameet Patel
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - François Pattou
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France; Translational Research for Diabetes, University of Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire, Lille, France
| | - Philip R Schauer
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Paul Z Zimmet
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David E Cummings
- University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Weight Management Program, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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26
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Xie F, Lei J, Ran M, Li Y, Deng L, Feng J, Zhong Y, Li J. Attenuation of Diabetic Nephropathy in Diabetic Mice by Fasudil through Regulation of Macrophage Polarization. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4126913. [PMID: 32685556 PMCID: PMC7345603 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4126913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and fibrosis induced by hyperglycemia are considered to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. As macrophage polarization may determine the severity and progression of inflammation, regulation of macrophage polarization may be an effective method to treat diabetic complications. Fasudil, a potent Rho-kinase inhibitor, reportedly exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. However, whether fasudil reduces hyperglycemia-induced diabetic nephropathy via regulation of macrophage polarization remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the effect of fasudil on diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Our data showed that fasudil significantly decreased urinary protein and serum creatinine in diabetic mice, whereas it had no effect on the body weight and blood glucose. We also found increased M1-type macrophages and related proinflammatory cytokines, adverse fibrosis in renal tissue of diabetic mice. Interestingly, treatment of diabetic mice with fasudil increased the number of M2-type macrophages and related anti-inflammatory cytokines, which attenuated renal injury in diabetic mice. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that fasudil could slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The possible mechanism might be associated with its induction of M2 macrophage polarization and the reduction of M1 macrophage polarization and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajiang Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiesen Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Maoxia Ran
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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27
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Ayala TS, Tessaro FHG, Jannuzzi GP, Bella LM, Ferreira KS, Martins JO. High Glucose Environments Interfere with Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage Inflammatory Mediator Release, the TLR4 Pathway and Glucose Metabolism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11447. [PMID: 31391499 PMCID: PMC6686006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47836-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages may be a crucial aspect of diabetic complications associated with the inflammatory response. In this study, we examined how hyperglycaemia, a common aspect of diabetes, modulates bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) under an inflammatory stimulus. To perform this study, BMDMs from non-diabetic and diabetic (60 mg/kg alloxan, i.v.) male C57BL/6 mice (CEUA/FCF/USP-488) were cultured under normal (5.5 mM) and high glucose (HG, 25 or 40 mM) conditions and stimulated or not stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/mL). Compared to the BMDMs from the normoglycaemic mice, the LPS-stimulated BMDMs from the diabetic mice presented reduced TLR4 expression on the cell surface, lower phagocytic capacity, and reduced secretion of NO and lactate but greater oxygen consumption and greater phosphorylation of p46 SAPK/JNK, p42 ERK MAPK, pAKT and pPKC-δ. When the BMDMs from the non-diabetic mice were cultured under high-glucose conditions and stimulated with LPS, TLR4 expression was reduced on the cell surface and NO and H2O2 levels were reduced. In contrast, the diabetic BMDMs cultured under high glucose conditions presented increased levels of lactate and reduced phosphorylation of AKT, PKC-δ and p46 SAPK/JNK but enhanced phosphorylation of the p46 subunit of SAPK/JNK after LPS stimulation. High glucose levels appear to modify macrophage behaviour, affecting different aspects of diabetic and healthy BMDMs under the same LPS stimulus. Thus, hyperglycaemia leaves a glucose legacy, altering the basal steady state of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Soprani Ayala
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Henrique Galvão Tessaro
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grasielle Pereira Jannuzzi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Biochemistry of Fungus and Protozoa, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Analysis, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Mendes Bella
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Spadari Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Biochemistry of Fungus and Protozoa, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Analysis, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joilson O Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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28
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Shao YX, Gong Q, Qi XM, Wang K, Wu YG. Paeoniflorin Ameliorates Macrophage Infiltration and Activation by Inhibiting the TLR4 Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:566. [PMID: 31191309 PMCID: PMC6540689 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is the primary component of total glucosides of paeony (TGP). It exerts multiple effects, including immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Our previous study has found that PF has a remarkable renal-protective effect in diabetic mice, but exact mechanism has not been clarified. This study mainly explores whether PF affects macrophage infiltration and activation in diabetic kidney through TLR4 pathway. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of PF on a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental DN model. The results suggested that the onset and clinical symptoms of DN in mice were remarkably ameliorated after the administration of PF. Moreover, the number of infiltrating macrophages in the mouse kidneys was also markedly decreased. Instead of inhibiting the activation of macrophages directly, PF could influence macrophages by suppressing iNOS expression as well as the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 both in vivo and in vitro. These effects might be attributable to the inhibition of the TLR4 signaling pathway. The percentage of M1-phenotype cells as well as the mRNA levels of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 were downregulated when PF-treated polarized macrophages were cultured under conditions of high glucose (HG) levels. In addition, the expression of TLR4, along with that of downstream signaling molecule proteins, was also reduced. Our study has provided new insights into the potential of PF as a promising therapeutic agent for treating DN and has illustrated the underlying mechanism of PF from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xia Shao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei, Hefei, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Qian Gong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang-Ming Qi
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - Yong-Gui Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei, Hefei, China
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29
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Mohammadi A, Blesso CN, Barreto GE, Banach M, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. Macrophage plasticity, polarization and function in response to curcumin, a diet-derived polyphenol, as an immunomodulatory agent. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 66:1-16. [PMID: 30660832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are important cells of the innate immune system that have diverse functions, including defense against invading pathogens, removal of dead cells by phagocytosis, antigen presentation in the context of MHC class I and class II molecules, and production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1. In addition, pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages clearly play important roles in the progression of several inflammatory diseases. Therefore, therapies that target macrophage polarization and function by either blocking their trafficking to sites of inflammation, or skewing M1 to M2 phenotype polarization may hold clinical promise in several inflammatory diseases. Dietary-derived polyphenols have potent natural anti-oxidative properties. Within this group of polyphenols, curcumin has been shown to suppress macrophage inflammatory responses. Curcumin significantly reduces co-stimulatory molecules and also inhibits MAPK activation and the translocation of NF-κB p65. Curcumin can also polarize/repolarize macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. Curcumin-treated macrophages have been shown to be highly efficient at antigen capture and endocytosis via the mannose receptor. These novel findings provide new perspectives for the understanding of the immunopharmacological role of curcumin, as well as its therapeutic potential for impacting macrophage polarization and function in the context of inflammation-related disease. However, the precise effects of curcumin on the migration, differentiation, polarization and immunostimulatory functions of macrophages remain unknown. Therefore, in this review, we summarized whether curcumin can influence macrophage polarization, surface molecule expression, cytokine and chemokine production and their underlying pathways in the prevention of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asadollah Mohammadi
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Chen Y, Fu WL, Gan XD, Xing WW, Xia WR, Zou MJ, Liu Q, Wang YY, Zhang C, Xu DG. SAK-HV Promotes RAW264.7 cells Migration Mediated by MCP-1 via JNK and NF-κB Pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1993-2002. [PMID: 30585263 PMCID: PMC6299369 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration plays an essential role in immune system and is also involved in many pathological situations. However, the regulatory mechanism of macrophage migration remains to be elucidated due to its diverse responses to various stimuli. SAK-HV, a multifunctional protein possessing thrombolytic and lipid-lowering activity, can selectively induce the macrophage proliferation. Here, we reported SAK-HV significantly triggered RAW264.7 cells migration through its functional domain of SAK-mutant by activating both c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. Meanwhile, SAK-HV upregulated the expression of some effector proteins, among which only the expression of Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was inhibited by the blockade of JNK and NF-κB pathways. Further research showed that MCP-1 promoted migration ultimately by interacting with Chemokine (C-C motif) Receptor 2 (CCR2) in an autocrine manner. In summary, SAK-HV induced RAW264.7 cells migration through its SAK-mutant domain, during which MCP-1 chemokine mediated by JNK and NF-κB pathways played a key role. These results revealed a novel effect of SAK-HV on modulating macrophage migration and also deepened the understanding of its pharmacodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wen-Liang Fu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Gan
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei-Wei Xing
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wen-Rong Xia
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Min-Ji Zou
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dong-Gang Xu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
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Zhao J, Cai CK, Xie M, Liu JN, Wang BZ. Investigation of the therapy targets of Yi-Qi-Yang-Yin-Hua-Tan-Qu-Yu recipe on type 2 diabetes by serum proteome labeled with iTRAQ. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:1-14. [PMID: 29654829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Based on basic theories of Chinese medicine, Yi-Qi-Yang-Yin-Hua-Tan-Qu-Yu (YQYYHTQY) recipe was constituted by eleven kinds of Chinese herbs and effective in treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). But the therapy target was unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, we used the serum proteome labeled by iTRAQ to find therapy target of YQYYHTQY recipe on T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg). Drugs were administered to rats once daily for 14 days. Related laboratory parameters were observed. Serum proteome were compared between T2DM and YQYYHTQY group using the iTRAQ labeling quantitative proteomics technique. Functional differential proteins were analysis by STRING software. Target proteins were confirmed by ELISA kits. RESULTS Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, decrease of glucose transporter, depilation, less activity, flock together, depression, ecchymosis of tongue and tail appearance, the typical diabetic patients "a little more than three" symptoms, as well as the decrease of grip strength, serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) ratio, serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and the increase of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), thromboxane B2 (TXB2)/ 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-keto PGF1α) ratio, endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels were found in T2DM group. After drugs treatment, all the above indexes almost were improved in different degrees and effect of YQYYHTQY recipe was superior to pioglitazone hydrochloride. In addition, there were 23 differential proteins, 5 up-regulated and 18 down-regulated proteins. Of them, there were 4 proteins related with diabetes, blood and behavior. Cell division control protein 42 homolog (CDC42) and Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) were the therapy targets of YQYYHTQY recipe on T2DM. CONCLUSIONS YQYYHTQY recipe showed therapy effect on T2DM. CDC42 and RhoA proteins were the therapy targets of YQYYHTQY recipe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Formula, Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Cheng-Ke Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Formula, Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jin-Na Liu
- Department of Formula, Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Shool of Combination of Chinese traditional and Western medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China.
| | - Bang-Zhong Wang
- Department of Formula, Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Cui J, Zhang F, Cao W, Wang Y, Liu J, Liu X, Chen T, Li L, Tian J, Yu B. Erythropoietin alleviates hyperglycaemia-associated inflammation by regulating macrophage polarization via the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:221-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Fan Z, Wang Y, Xu X, Wu Y. Inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinases, PCI-32765, decreases pro-inflammatory mediators' production in high glucose-induced macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 58:145-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Intermittent High Glucose Exacerbates A-FABP Activation and Inflammatory Response through TLR4-JNK Signaling in THP-1 Cells. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1319272. [PMID: 29850615 PMCID: PMC5925160 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1319272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose fluctuation confers additional risks on diabetes-related vascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Macrophage activation mediated by TLR4-JNK signaling plays an important role during the progress of diabetes. In the present study, we hypothesize that glucose fluctuation results in macrophage inflammation through TLR4-JNK signaling pathways. Methods THP-1 cells were treated with normal glucose (5 mM), constant high glucose (25 mM), and intermittent high glucose (rotation per 6 h in 5 mM or 25 mM) for 24 h. The mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4, p-JNK, and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) were determined, and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were quantified. Results In constant high glucose, TLR4 expression and JNK phosphorylation levels increased, and this effect was more pronounced in intermittent high glucose. Accordingly, the expression of A-FABP and the release of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β also increased in response to constant high glucose, an effect that also was more evident in intermittent high glucose. The inhibition of p-JNK by SP600125 did not attenuate TLR4 expression, but totally inhibited both A-FABP expression and the production of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in both constant and intermittent high glucose. Conclusions Intermittent high glucose potentiates A-FABP activation and inflammatory responses via TLR4/p-JNK signaling in THP-1 cells. These findings suggest a more detrimental impact of glucose fluctuation on macrophage inflammation in diabetes-related vascular diseases than thus far generally assumed.
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Shapouri-Moghaddam A, Mohammadian S, Vazini H, Taghadosi M, Esmaeili SA, Mardani F, Seifi B, Mohammadi A, Afshari JT, Sahebkar A. Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6425-6440. [PMID: 29319160 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2544] [Impact Index Per Article: 424.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous and their phenotype and functions are regulated by the surrounding micro-environment. Macrophages commonly exist in two distinct subsets: 1) Classically activated or M1 macrophages, which are pro-inflammatory and polarized by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) either alone or in association with Th1 cytokines such as IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α; and 2) Alternatively activated or M2 macrophages, which are anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory and polarized by Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 and produce anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β. M1 and M2 macrophages have different functions and transcriptional profiles. They have unique abilities by destroying pathogens or repair the inflammation-associated injury. It is known that M1/M2 macrophage balance polarization governs the fate of an organ in inflammation or injury. When the infection or inflammation is severe enough to affect an organ, macrophages first exhibit the M1 phenotype to release TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-23 against the stimulus. But, if M1 phase continues, it can cause tissue damage. Therefore, M2 macrophages secrete high amounts of IL-10 and TGF-β to suppress the inflammation, contribute to tissue repair, remodeling, vasculogenesis, and retain homeostasis. In this review, we first discuss the basic biology of macrophages including origin, differentiation and activation, tissue distribution, plasticity and polarization, migration, antigen presentation capacity, cytokine and chemokine production, metabolism, and involvement of microRNAs in macrophage polarization and function. Secondly, we discuss the protective and pathogenic role of the macrophage subsets in normal and pathological pregnancy, anti-microbial defense, anti-tumor immunity, metabolic disease and obesity, asthma and allergy, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, wound healing, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shapouri-Moghaddam
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadian
- Faculty of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Vazini
- Nursing Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Faculty of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mardani
- Faculty of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bita Seifi
- Department of Anatomy, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Iran
| | - Asadollah Mohammadi
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalil T Afshari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Chen ZL, Yang J, Shen YW, Li ST, Wang X, Lv M, Wang BY, Li P, Zhao W, Qiu RY, Liu Y, Liu PJ, Yang J. AmotP130 regulates Rho GTPase and decreases breast cancer cell mobility. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2390-2403. [PMID: 29377471 PMCID: PMC5867092 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiomotin (Amot) is a newly discovered, multifunctional protein that is involved in cell migration and angiogenesis. However, the role of its isoform, AmotP130, in the regulation of cytoskeleton and metastasis of breast cancer, is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of AmotP130 in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and the changes of morphology in breast cancer cells through the Rho pathway that influences the invasion and migration of cells. The results suggested that AmotP130 suppressed the invasion ability through remodelling the cytoskeleton of breast cancer cells, including the actin fibre organization and focal adhesion protein turnover. Global transcriptome changes in breast cancer cells following knockdown of AmotP130 identified pathways related with the cytoskeleton and cell motility that involved the Rho GTPase family. From database analyses, changes in the Rho GTPase family of proteins were identified as possible prognostic factors in patients with breast cancer. We have been suggested that AmotP130 suppressed the invasion ability through remodelling of the cytoskeleton of breast cancer cells, involving regulation of the Rho pathway. The cytoskeleton-related pathway components may provide novel, clinically therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Ling Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Wei Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu-Ting Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bi-Yuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui-Yue Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pei-Jun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Fan Z, Xu X, Qi X, Wu Y. Role of TGF-β activated kinase-1 inhibitor on the interaction between macrophages and mesangial cells on the condition of high glucose. Immunol Invest 2018; 47:303-314. [PMID: 29373048 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1428199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of TGF-β activated kinase-1(TAK1) inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol on the interaction between macrophages and mesangial cells exposed to high glucose. METHODS The macrophages and mesangial cells were cultured separately or co-cultured and divided into seven groups: inhibitor control group, mannitol control group, normal control group, high glucose group and inhibitor groups. The expression of p-TAK1, TAK1 binding protein (TAB1), transcription factor NF - κ B (NF-κB p65) of macrophages were analyzed by Western blotting. The intracellular localization of NF-κB p65 was analyzed by immunofluorescence. The levels of inflammation cytokines and extracellular matrix were determined by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay. Migration of macrophages was observed by microscope. RESULTS Compared with control group, the expression of p-TAK1, TAB1, NF-κB p65 were significantly higher in high glucose group (P < 0.05). Both in co-culture group and single culture group, the levels of inflammation cytokines and extracellular matrix (P < 0.05) in high glucose group were higher than that in control group. Exposed to high glucose, the levels of inflammation cytokines and extracellular matrix in co-cultured group were higher than that in single culture group (P < 0.05). 5Z-7-oxozeaenol can decrease those cytokines secretion, comparing with high glucose group (P < 0.05). The number of macrophages migration were decreased by 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Exposed to high glucose, macrophages and mesangial cells can interact with each other to promote the secretion of inflammation cytokines and extracellular matrix. TAK1 inhibitor can reduce the secretion of inflammation cytokines and extracellular matrix components by intervening NF-κB p65 nuclear transfer and inhibiting macrophage migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Fan
- a Department of Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Xingxin Xu
- a Department of Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Xiangming Qi
- a Department of Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
| | - Yonggui Wu
- a Department of Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , Anhui , PR China
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Lipopolysaccharides induce Smad2 phosphorylation through PI3K/Akt and MAPK cascades in HSC-T6 hepatic stellate cells. Life Sci 2017; 184:37-46. [PMID: 28689803 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Endotoxemia and its pro-fibrogenic signaling play a significant role in the development of hepatic fibrosis. This study investigated whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) directly activate cultured HSC-T6 hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) through triggering Smad-dependent pro-fibrogenic signaling pathway. MAIN METHODS Direct cell counting and assays for cell proliferation and migration were used to measure the effects of LPS on HSC behaviors. Quantitative PCR, Western blot, and gelatin zymography were used to quantify the molecular effects of LPS on expression of HSC activation markers and signaling activity. KEY FINDINGS Long-term exposure to LPS exhibited moderately stimulatory effect on HSC cell growth. A wound-healing cell migration assay showed that LPS suppressed HSC-T6 cell migration. qPCR and Western blotting detection indicated that LPS treatment induced upregulation of type I and IV collagens, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Gelatin zymography confirmed that LPS elevated MMP-9, but not MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity. Moreover, LPS immediately stimulated Akt, EKR1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, and Smad2 hyperphosphorylation, supporting that LPS directly triggers pro-fibrogenic Smad signaling cascade without TGF-β1 stimulation. Kinase blockade experiments demonstrated the involvement of PI3K/Akt, JNK, p38 MAPK, but not ERK1/2 signaling activation in the LPS-elicited Smad2 phosphorylation as well as the overexpression of type I collagen and α-SMA in HSC-T6 cells. SIGNIFICANCE These findings demonstrate that LPS exerts pro-fibrogenic effect through activation and transformation of HSCs. The tissue-remodeling effect of LPS may be attributable to its ability to activate non-canonical Smad pathway through PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling cascades.
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Cheng CI, Lee YH, Chen PH, Lin YC, Chou MH, Kao YH. Cobalt chloride induces RhoA/ROCK activation and remodeling effect in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts: Involvement of PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. Cell Signal 2017; 36:25-33. [PMID: 28435089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is a serious complication of myocardial infarction, one of the major causes of death worldwide that often leads to adverse cardiac hypertrophy and poor prognosis. Hypoxia-induced cardiac tissue remodeling is considered an important underlying etiology. This study aimed to delineate the signaling profiles of RhoA/ROCK, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK and their involvement in regulation of remodeling events in cultured H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. In addition to its growth-suppressive effect, the hypoxia-mimetic chemical, cobalt chloride (CoCl2) significantly induced RhoA kinase activation as revealed by increased MBS phosphorylation and ROCK1/2 expression in H9c2 cells. CoCl2 treatment up-regulated type I collagen and MMP-9, but did not affect MMP-2, implicating its role in tissue remodeling. Kinetic signal profiling study showed that CoCl2 also elicited Smad2 hyperphosphorylation and its nuclear translocation in the absence of TGF-β1. In addition, CoCl2 activated Akt-, ERK1/2-, JNK-, and p38 MAPK-mediated signaling pathways. Kinase inhibition experiments demonstrated that hydroxyfasudil, a RhoA kinase inhibitor, significantly blocked the CoCl2- and lysophosphatidic acid-evoked Smad2 phosphorylation and overexpression of type I collagen and MMP-9, and that PI3K and ERK interplayed with RhoA and its downstream Smad2 signaling cascade. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that RhoA/ROCK, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK pathways are mechanistically involved in the CoCl2-stimulated tissue remodeling in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Targeting signaling mediators might be used to mitigate hypoxia-related Smad2 phosphorylation and cardiac remodeling events in ischemic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-I Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hong Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huei Chou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Wang J, Liu J, Wang Y, Lin M, Tian W, Zhou L, Ye X, Lin L. High glucose induces alternative activation of macrophages via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37:409-415. [PMID: 28292218 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2017.1298131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been proved that lactate-4.25% dialysate could result in peritoneal fibrosis by inducing alternative activation of macrophages in our previous study, but the mechanism of high glucose-induced alternative activation has not been elucidated. This study was, therefore, to investigate the mechanism by high glucose stimuli. METHODS In this study, Raw264.7 (murine macrophage cell line) cells were cultured and stimulated by 4.25% glucose medium, and mannitol medium was used as osmotic pressure control. Cells were harvested at 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 12 h to examine the expression of Arg-1, CD206, and p-Akt. After blocking PI3K by LY294002, the expression of Arg-1, CD206, and p-Akt was examined again. RESULTS The expression of Arg-1 and CD206 was increased in a time-dependent manner induced by high glucose medium. On the contrary, there was mainly no Agr-1 or CD206 expressed in cells cultured in the mannitol medium with the same osmotic pressure. What's more, Akt was phosphorylated at the eighth hour stimulated by high glucose medium, and LY294002 inhibited the expression of Arg-1 and CD206 by blocking the phosphorylation of Akt. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that high glucose rather than high osmotic pressure induced M2 phenotype via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- a Department of Dermatology , Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- a Department of Dermatology , Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Yuying Wang
- a Department of Dermatology , Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Minghui Lin
- a Department of Dermatology , Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Wei Tian
- a Department of Dermatology , Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- a Department of Dermatology , Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Xiaoyin Ye
- a Department of Dermatology , Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Lihang Lin
- a Department of Dermatology , Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
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Cheng CI, Lee YH, Chen PH, Lin YC, Chou MH, Kao YH. Free Fatty Acids Induce Autophagy and LOX-1 Upregulation in Cultured Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1249-1261. [PMID: 28072480 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Elevation of free fatty acids (FFAs) is known to affect microvascular function and contribute to obesity-associated insulin resistance, hypertension, and microangiopathy. Proliferative and synthetic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) increase intimal thickness and destabilize atheromatous plaques. This study aimed to investigate whether saturated palmitic acid (PA) and monounsaturated oleic acid (OA) modulate autophagy activity, cell proliferation, and vascular tissue remodeling in an aortic VSMC cell line. Exposure to PA and OA suppressed growth of VSMCs without apoptotic induction, but enhanced autophagy flux with elevation of Beclin-1, Atg5, and LC3I/II. Cotreatment with autophagy inhibitors potentiated the FFA-suppressed VSMC growth and showed differential actions of PA and OA in autophagy flux retardation. Both FFAs upregulated lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) but only OA increased LDL uptake by VSMCs. Mechanistically, FFAs induced hyperphosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPK. All pathways, except OA-activated PI3K/Akt cascade, were involved in the LOX-1 upregulation, whereas blockade of PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK cascades ameliorated the FFA-induced growth suppression on VSMCs. Moreover, both FFAs exhibited tissue remodeling effect through increasing MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and their gelatinolytic activities, whereas high-dose OA significantly suppressed collagen type I expression. Conversely, siRNA-mediated LOX-1 knockdown significantly attenuated the OA-induced tissue remodeling effects in VSMCs. In conclusion, OA and PA enhance autophagy flux, suppress aortic VSMC proliferation, and exhibit vascular remodeling effect, thereby leading to the loss of VSMCs and interstitial ECM in vascular walls and eventually the instability of atheromatous plaques. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1249-1261, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-I Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hong Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huei Chou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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The role of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 in db/db mice and high glucose-induced macrophage. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:120-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Torres-Castro I, Arroyo-Camarena ÚD, Martínez-Reyes CP, Gómez-Arauz AY, Dueñas-Andrade Y, Hernández-Ruiz J, Béjar YL, Zaga-Clavellina V, Morales-Montor J, Terrazas LI, Kzhyshkowska J, Escobedo G. Human monocytes and macrophages undergo M1-type inflammatory polarization in response to high levels of glucose. Immunol Lett 2016; 176:81-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Xu X, Qi X, Shao Y, Li Y, Fu X, Feng S, Wu Y. High glucose induced-macrophage activation through TGF-β-activated kinase 1 signaling pathway. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:655-64. [PMID: 27153994 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) plays a pivotal role in innate immune responses and kidney disease, and is critically involved in macrophage activation. However, there is a paucity of data to explore the role of high glucose (HG) in the regulation of TAK1 signaling and its functional role in macrophage activation. We assume that TAK1 signaling in hyperglycemic condition could be a key factor leading to macrophage activation and inflammation response. METHODS Mice macrophages were seeded on a 96-well cell culture plate; cell viability was tested after treatment with different concentration of TAK1 inhibitors. Cells were divided into groups (OZ300; MC; NC; HG; HG + OZ30, 100, 300 nM) and treated for given time course. Monocyte chemotactic protein1(MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA levels were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy are used to analyse the activated macrophage induced by HG. Expression levels of p-TAK1, TAB 1, p-JNK, p-p38MAPK, NF-κBpp65 were detected by western blot. Nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65 was assessed by confocal microscopy. RESULTS Our data revealed that high glucose not only significantly increased macrophage activation and subsequently abnormal high-expression of MCP-1 and TNF-α, but likewise remarkably enhanced TAK1 activation, MAPK phosphorylation, NF-κB expression in macrophages. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 attenuated high glucose-triggered signal pathways, macrophage activation and inflammatory cytokines in a simulated diabetic environment. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that high glucose activated macrophages mainly in TAK1/MAPKs and TAK1/NF-κB-dependent manners, which lead to the polarization of macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype, and finally lead to diabetic nephropathy. In sum, the study raises novel data about the molecular mechanisms involved in the high glucose-mediated inflammatory response in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangming Qi
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Shao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyao Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggui Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra B. Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; , ,
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065;
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
| | - Edd Ricker
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; , ,
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065;
| | - Chien-Huan Weng
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; , ,
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065;
| | - Cristina Rozo
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; , ,
| | - Woelsung Yi
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; , ,
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
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Xu X, Qi X, Shao Y, Li Y, Fu X, Feng S, Wu Y. Blockade of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 prevents advanced glycation end products-induced inflammatory response in macrophages. Cytokine 2015; 78:62-8. [PMID: 26687627 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), inflammatory-activated macrophages are essential in the initiation and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) plays a vital role in innate immune responses and inflammation. However, little information has been available about the effects of AGEs on the regulation of TAK1 expression and underlying mechanisms in AGEs-stimulated macrophage activation. We hypothesized TAK1 signal pathway in AGEs conditions could be a vital factor contributing to macrophage activation and inflammation. Thus, in the present study, we used bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) to explore the functional role and potential mechanisms of TAK1 pathway under AGEs conditions. Results indicated that TAK1 played important roles in AGEs-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B protein (NF-κB) activation, which regulated the production of monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in AGEs-stimulated macrophages. The results also suggested that TAK1 inhibitor (5Z-7-oxozeaenol) could inhibit AGEs-induced macrophage activation to down-regulate inflammatory cytokine production via MAPKs and NF-κB pathways, indicating that 5Z-7-oxozeaenol might be an immunoregulatory agent against AGEs-stimulated inflammatory response in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiangming Qi
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yunxia Shao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Shiyao Feng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yonggui Wu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
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Hartmann S, Ridley AJ, Lutz S. The Function of Rho-Associated Kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:276. [PMID: 26635606 PMCID: PMC4653301 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 are serine/threonine kinases that are downstream targets of the small GTPases RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC. ROCKs are involved in diverse cellular activities including actin cytoskeleton organization, cell adhesion and motility, proliferation and apoptosis, remodeling of the extracellular matrix and smooth muscle cell contraction. The role of ROCK1 and ROCK2 has long been considered to be similar; however, it is now clear that they do not always have the same functions. Moreover, depending on their subcellular localization, activation, and other environmental factors, ROCK signaling can have different effects on cellular function. With respect to the heart, findings in isoform-specific knockout mice argue for a role of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy, respectively. Increased ROCK activity could play a pivotal role in processes leading to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, angina pectoris, vasospastic angina, heart failure, and stroke, and thus ROCK activity is a potential new biomarker for heart disease. Pharmacological ROCK inhibition reduces the enhanced ROCK activity in patients, accompanied with a measurable improvement in medical condition. In this review, we focus on recent findings regarding ROCK signaling in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, with a special focus on differences between ROCK1 and ROCK2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Hartmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anne J. Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Susanne Lutz
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany
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