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Qin L, Berk M, Chung YM, Cui D, Zhu Z, Chakraborty AA, Sharifi N. Chronic hypoxia stabilizes 3βHSD1 via autophagy suppression. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113575. [PMID: 38181788 PMCID: PMC10851248 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Progression of prostate cancer depends on androgen receptor, which is usually activated by androgens. Therefore, a mainstay treatment is androgen deprivation therapy. Unfortunately, despite initial treatment response, resistance nearly always develops, and disease progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which remains driven by non-gonadal androgens synthesized in prostate cancer tissues. 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-->4 isomerase 1 (3βHSD1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in androgen synthesis. However, how 3βHSD1, especially the "adrenal-permissive" 3βHSD1(367T) that permits tumor synthesis of androgen from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), is regulated at the protein level is not well understood. Here, we investigate how hypoxia regulates 3βHSD1(367T) protein levels. Our results show that, in vitro, hypoxia stabilizes 3βHSD1 protein by suppressing autophagy. Autophagy inhibition promotes 3βHSD1-dependent tumor progression. Hypoxia represses transcription of autophagy-related (ATG) genes by decreasing histone acetylation. Inhibiting deacetylase (HDAC) restores ATG gene transcription under hypoxia. Therefore, HDAC inhibition may be a therapeutic target for hypoxic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michael Berk
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Yoon-Mi Chung
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Di Cui
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Abhishek A Chakraborty
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Qin L, Chung YM, Berk M, Naelitz B, Zhu Z, Klein E, Chakraborty AA, Sharifi N. Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Couples 3βHSD1 Enzyme and Cofactor Upregulation to Facilitate Androgen Biosynthesis and Hormone Therapy Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2417-2430. [PMID: 35536859 PMCID: PMC9256813 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy suppresses tumor androgen receptor (AR) signaling by depleting circulating testosterone and is a mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Despite initial treatment response, castration-resistant prostate cancer nearly always develops and remains driven primarily by the androgen axis. Here we investigated how changes in oxygenation affect androgen synthesis. In prostate cancer cells, chronic hypoxia coupled to reoxygenation resulted in efficient metabolism of androgen precursors to produce androgens and activate AR. Hypoxia induced 3βHSD1, the rate-limiting androgen synthesis regulator, and reoxygenation replenished necessary cofactors, suggesting that hypoxia and reoxygenation both facilitate potent androgen synthesis. The EGLN1/VHL/HIF2α pathway induced 3βHSD1 expression through direct binding of HIF2α to the 5' regulatory region of HSD3B1 to promote transcription. Overexpression of HIF2α facilitated prostate cancer progression, which largely depended on 3βHSD1. Inhibition of HIF2α with the small-molecule PT2399 prevented prostate cancer cell proliferation. These results thus identify HIF2α as a regulator of androgen synthesis and potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Hypoxia followed by reoxygenation in prostate cancer drives androgen deprivation therapy resistance via increasing the rate-limiting enzyme and cofactors for androgen synthesis, revealing HIF2α as a therapeutic target to subvert resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qin
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Yoon-Mi Chung
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michael Berk
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bryan Naelitz
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Eric Klein
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Abhishek A. Chakraborty
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Corresponding author: Nima Sharifi, Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, Telephone: 216 445-9750,
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AMPK's double-faced role in advanced stages of prostate cancer. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2022; 24:2064-2073. [PMID: 35781781 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02874-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. Unfortunately, a very limited number of drugs are available for the relapsed and advanced stages of PCa, adding only a few months to survival; therefore, it is vital to develop new drugs. 5´ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of cell metabolism. It plays a significant role in the metabolism of PCa; hence, it can serve well as a treatment option for the advanced stages of PCa. However, whether this pathway contributes to cancer cell survival or death remains unknown. The present study reviews the possible pathways by which AMPK plays role in the advanced stages of PCa, drug resistance, and metastasis: (1) AMPK has a contradictory role in promoting glycolysis and the Warburg effect which are correlated with cancer stem cells (CSCs) survival and advanced PCa. It exerts its effect by interacting with hypoxia-induced factor 1 (HIF1) α, pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2), glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), which are key regulators of glycolysis; however, whether it promotes or discourage glycolysis is not conclusive. It can also exert an anti-CSC effect by negative regulation of NANOG and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factors, which are the major drivers of CSC maintenance; (2) the regulatory effect of AMPK on autophagy is also noticeable. Androgen receptors' expression increases AMPK activation through Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMKK2) and induces autophagy. In addition, AMPK itself increases autophagy by downregulating the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC). However, whether increased autophagy inhibits or promotes cell death and drug resistance is contradictory. This study reveals that there are numerous pathways other than cell metabolism by which AMPK exerts its effects in the advanced stages of PCa, making it a priceless treatment target. Finally, we mention some drugs developed to treat the advanced stages of PCa by acting on AMPK.
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PLCɛ maintains the functionality of AR signaling in prostate cancer via an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:716. [PMID: 32879302 PMCID: PMC7468107 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a major driver of prostate cancer (CaP). Although most therapies targeting AR are initially effective in CaP patients, drug resistance is inevitable, mainly because of the inappropriate re-activation of AR pathway. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that phospholipase C epsilon (PLCɛ) was highly expressed in CaP samples, and was closely associated with AR signaling activities. PLCɛ depletion triggered enhanced autophagic activities via AMPK/ULK1 pathway, causing autophagy-mediated AR degradation and inhibition of AR nuclear translocation. This subsequently reduced AR signals in CaP and inhibited AR-driven cell migration/invasion. Furthermore, a positive correlation between PLCɛ and AR signaling activity was also observed in bicalutamide-resistant CaP samples and in AR-antagonist-resistant CaP cell models. PLCɛ depletion resulted in the failure to establish AR-antagonist-resistant CaP cell lines, and hindered the metastatic prowess of already established ones. These findings suggest that PLCɛ-mediated autophagic activity alteration is indispensible for the functionality of AR signaling and for CaP development.
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Joshi V, Upadhyay A, Prajapati VK, Mishra A. How autophagy can restore proteostasis defects in multiple diseases? Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1385-1439. [PMID: 32043639 DOI: 10.1002/med.21662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular evolution develops several conserved mechanisms by which cells can tolerate various difficult conditions and overall maintain homeostasis. Autophagy is a well-developed and evolutionarily conserved mechanism of catabolism, which endorses the degradation of foreign and endogenous materials via autolysosome. To decrease the burden of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), autophagy also promotes the selective degradation of proteins in a tightly regulated way to improve the physiological balance of cellular proteostasis that may get perturbed due to the accumulation of misfolded proteins. However, the diverse as well as selective clearance of unwanted materials and regulations of several cellular mechanisms via autophagy is still a critical mystery. Also, the failure of autophagy causes an increase in the accumulation of harmful protein aggregates that may lead to neurodegeneration. Therefore, it is necessary to address this multifactorial threat for in-depth research and develop more effective therapeutic strategies against lethal autophagy alterations. In this paper, we discuss the most relevant and recent reports on autophagy modulations and their impact on neurodegeneration and other complex disorders. We have summarized various pharmacological findings linked with the induction and suppression of autophagy mechanism and their promising preclinical and clinical applications to provide therapeutic solutions against neurodegeneration. The conclusion, key questions, and future prospectives sections summarize fundamental challenges and their possible feasible solutions linked with autophagy mechanism to potentially design an impactful therapeutic niche to treat neurodegenerative diseases and imperfect aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Joshi
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, India
| | - Vijay K Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, India
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Ballar Kirmizibayrak P, Erbaykent-Tepedelen B, Gozen O, Erzurumlu Y. Divergent Modulation of Proteostasis in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:117-151. [PMID: 32274755 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteostasis regulates key cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, transcription, and apoptosis. The mechanisms by which proteostasis is regulated are crucial and the deterioration of cellular proteostasis has been significantly associated with tumorigenesis since it specifically targets key oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Androgens mediate one of the most central signaling pathways in all stages of PCa via the androgen receptor (AR). In addition to their regulation by hormones, PCa cells are also known to be highly secretory and are particularly prone to ER stress as proper ER function is essential. Alterations in various complex signaling pathways and cellular processes including cell cycle control, transcription, DNA repair, apoptosis, cell adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis are critical factors influencing PCa development through key molecular changes mainly by posttranslational modifications in PCa-related proteins, including AR, NKX3.1, PTEN, p53, cyclin D1, and p27. Several ubiquitin ligases like MDM2, Siah2, RNF6, CHIP, and substrate-binding adaptor SPOP; deubiquitinases such as USP7, USP10, USP26, and USP12 are just some of the modifiers involved in the regulation of these key proteins via ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Some ubiquitin-like modifiers, especially SUMOs, have been also closely associated with PCa. On the other hand, the proteotoxicity resulting from misfolded proteins and failure of ER adaptive capacity induce unfolded protein response (UPR) that is an indispensable signaling mechanism for PCa development. Lastly, ER-associated degradation (ERAD) also plays a crucial role in prostate tumorigenesis. In this section, the relationship between prostate cancer and proteostasis will be discussed in terms of UPS, UPR, SUMOylation, ERAD, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oguz Gozen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Erzurumlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Wadosky KM, Shourideh M, Goodrich DW, Koochekpour S. Riluzole induces AR degradation via endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in androgen-dependent and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2019; 79:140-150. [PMID: 30280407 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is diagnosed at the highest rate of all non-cutaneous male cancers in the United States. The androgen-dependent (AD) transcription factor, androgen receptor (AR), drives PCa-but inhibiting AR or androgen biosynthesis induces remission for only a short time. At which point, patients acquire more aggressive castration-resistant (CR) disease with re-activated AR-dependent signaling. To combat treatment resistance, down-regulating AR protein expression has been considered as a potential treatment strategy for CR-PCa. METHODS AD- and CR-PCa cell lines were treated with the well-tolerated FDA-approved oral medicine, riluzole. Expression of full-length or wild-type AR (AR-FL) and constitutively active AR-splice variant 7 (AR-V7) was assessed by immunoblotting. AR-FL/AR-V7 activity was measured using qRT-PCR of AR-target genes. Cytoplasmic [Ca2+ ] levels were measured using a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator microplate assay. Markers of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway and autophagy were assessed by immunoblotting. Direct interaction between AR and selective autophagy receptor p62 was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS We demonstrate that riluzole downregulates AR-FL, mutant ARs, and AR-V7 proteins expression by protein degradation through ERS pathway and selective autophagy. Riluzole also significantly inhibited AR transcription activity by decreasing its target genes expression (PSA, TMPRSS2, and KLK2). CONCLUSIONS We provide key mechanistic insights by which riluzole exerts its anti-tumorigenic effects and induces AR protein degradation via ERS pathways. Our findings support the potential utility of riluzole for treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Wadosky
- Departments of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Center for Genomics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mojgan Shourideh
- Departments of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Center for Genomics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genomics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Shahriar Koochekpour
- Departments of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Center for Genomics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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He M, Yi QY, Zhang WY, Bai L, Du F, Gu YY, Liu YJ, Wei P. Evaluation of anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo of iridium(iii) polypyridyl complexes. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01001g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Three new iridium(iii) polypyridyl complexes were synthesized. The cytotoxic activity in vitro and in vivo, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS and the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Yan Yi
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Lan Bai
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Fan Du
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ying Gu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery
| | - Peng Wei
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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Teeli AS, Leszczyński P, Krishnaswamy N, Ogawa H, Tsuchiya M, Śmiech M, Skarzynski D, Taniguchi H. Possible Mechanisms for Maintenance and Regression of Corpus Luteum Through the Ubiquitin-Proteasome and Autophagy System Regulated by Transcriptional Factors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:748. [PMID: 31803139 PMCID: PMC6877548 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum (CL) is an important tissue of the female reproductive process which is established through ovulation of the mature follicle. Pulsatile release of prostaglandin F2α from the uterus leads to the regression of luteal cells and restarts the estrous cycle in most non-primate species. The rapid functional regression of the CL, which coincides with decrease of progesterone production, is followed by its structural regression. Although we now have a better understanding of how the CL is triggered to undergo programmed cell death, the precise mechanisms governing CL protein degradation in a very short period of luteolysis remains unknown. In this context, activation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP), unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy are potential subcellular mechanisms involved. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) maintains tissue homeostasis in the face of both internal and external stressors. The UPP also controls physiological processes in many gonadal cells. Emerging evidence suggests that UPP dysfunction is involved in male and female reproductive tract dysfunction. Autophagy is activated when cells are exposed to different types of stressors such as hypoxia, starvation, and oxidative stress. While emerging evidence points to an important role for the UPP and autophagy in the CL, the key underlying transcriptional mechanisms have not been well-documented. In this review, we propose how CL regression may be governed by the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy pathways. We will further consider potential transcription factors which may regulate these events in the CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir S. Teeli
- Department of Experimental Embryology, The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Paweł Leszczyński
- Department of Experimental Embryology, The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | | | - Hidesato Ogawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Megumi Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Magdalena Śmiech
- Department of Experimental Embryology, The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Dariusz Skarzynski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Department of Experimental Embryology, The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
- *Correspondence: Hiroaki Taniguchi
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10
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Wang S, Ekoue DN, Raj GV, Kittler R. Targeting the turnover of oncoproteins as a new avenue for therapeutics development in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 438:86-96. [PMID: 30217566 PMCID: PMC6186492 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The current therapeutic armamentarium for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) includes second-generation agents such as the Androgen Receptor (AR) inhibitor enzalutamide and the androgen synthesis inhibitor abiraterone acetate, immunotherapies like sipuleucel-T, chemotherapies including docetaxel and cabazitaxel and the radiopharmaceutical radium 223 dichloride. However, relapse of CRPC resistant to these therapeutic modalities occur rapidly. The mechanisms of resistance to these treatments are complex, including specific mutations or alternative splicing of oncogenic proteins. An alternative approach to treating CRPC may be to target the turnover of these molecular drivers of CRPC. In this review, the mechanisms by which protein stability of several oncoproteins such as AR, ERG, GR, CYP17A1 and MYC, will be discussed, as well as how these findings could be translated into novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Dede N Ekoue
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ralf Kittler
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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11
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Lakshmana G, Baniahmad A. Interference with the androgen receptor protein stability in therapy-resistant prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1775-1779. [PMID: 30125354 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). Most PCa cases develop eventually from an androgen-dependent stage to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with AR-signaling still being active. Thus, inhibition of AR remains a well-established promising drug target in CRPC. However, despite the improvements of current treatment for CRPC by targeting the AR, the evolution of adaptive AR-signaling leads to therapy-resistant CRPC. Treatment failure is based mostly on the inability to keep AR under long-term restraint due to adaptive responses of AR-signaling. One underlying mechanism appears to be the increased AR protein stability. Therefore, the regulation of AR protein stability and its degradation is another interesting path that could enhance our knowledge of carcinogenesis and tumor evolution possibly leading to novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss various molecular mechanisms and factors that stabilize AR protein levels directly or indirectly. We summarize novel approaches to interfere with AR stability including targeting the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), heat shock proteins, and co-chaperones as well as E3-ligases using small chimeric molecules. These novel approaches in combination with antiandrogen treatment inhibit PCa growth through the regulation of AR protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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12
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Mitani T, Takaya T, Harada N, Katayama S, Yamaji R, Nakamura S, Ashida H. Theophylline suppresses interleukin-6 expression by inhibiting glucocorticoid receptor signaling in pre-adipocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 646:98-106. [PMID: 29625124 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissues in obese individuals are characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Pre-adipocytes and adipocytes in this state secrete pro-inflammatory adipokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), which induce insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) exerts anti-inflammatory effects, but its effects on pro-inflammatory adipokine secretion by pre-adipocytes and adipocytes have not been examined. In this study, we found that theophylline decreased IL-6 secretion by 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and mouse-derived primary pre-adipocytes. The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) induced IL-6 expression in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes, and this effect was suppressed by theophylline at the mRNA level. Knockdown of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) δ inhibited DEX-induced IL-6 expression, and theophylline suppressed C/EBPδ expression. Furthermore, theophylline suppressed transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) through suppression of nuclear localization of GR. In vivo, glucocorticoid corticosterone treatment (100 μg/mL) increased fasting blood glucose and plasma IL-6 levels in C57BL/6 N mice. Theophylline administration (0.1% diet) reduced corticosterone-increased fasting blood glucose, plasma IL-6 levels, and Il6 gene expression in adipose tissues. These results show that theophylline administration attenuated glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia and IL-6 production by inhibiting GR activity. The present findings indicate the potential of theophylline as a candidate therapeutic agent to treat insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takakazu Mitani
- Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa Mura, Kamiina Gun, Nagano 3994598, Japan
| | - Tomohide Takaya
- Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa Mura, Kamiina Gun, Nagano 3994598, Japan
| | - Naoki Harada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
| | - Shigeru Katayama
- Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa Mura, Kamiina Gun, Nagano 3994598, Japan; Division of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa Mura, Kamiina Gun, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Ryoichi Yamaji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nakamura
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa Mura, Kamiina Gun, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan
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13
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Harada N, Yoda Y, Yotsumoto Y, Masuda T, Takahashi Y, Katsuki T, Kai K, Shiraki N, Inui H, Yamaji R. Androgen signaling expands β-cell mass in male rats and β-cell androgen receptor is degraded under high-glucose conditions. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E274-E286. [PMID: 29138225 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00211.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A deficient pancreatic β-cell mass increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we investigated the effects of testosterone on the development of pancreatic β-cell mass in male rats. The β-cell mass of male rats castrated at 6 wk of age was reduced to ~30% of that of control rats at 16 wk of age, and castration caused glucose intolerance. Loss of β-cell mass occurred because of decreases in islet density per pancreas and β-cell cluster size. Castration was negatively associated with the number of Ki-67-positive β-cells and positively associated with the number of TUNEL-positive β-cells. These β-cell changes could be prevented by testosterone treatment. In contrast, castration did not affect β-cell mass in male mice. Androgen receptor (AR) localized differently in mouse and rat β-cells. Testosterone enhanced the viability of INS-1 and INS-1 #6, which expresses high levels of AR, in rat β-cell lines. siRNA-mediated AR knockdown or AR antagonism with hydroxyflutamide attenuated this enhancement. Moreover, testosterone did not stimulate INS-1 β-cell viability under high d-glucose conditions. In INS-1 β-cells, d-glucose dose dependently (5.5-22.2 mM) downregulated AR protein levels both in the presence and absence of testosterone. The intracellular calcium chelator (BAPTA-AM) could prevent this decrease in AR expression. AR levels were also reduced by a calcium ionophore (A23187), but not by insulin, in the absence of the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Our results indicate that testosterone regulates β-cell mass, at least in part, by AR activation in the β-cells of male rats and that the β-cell AR is degraded under hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Harada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
| | - Yusuke Yotsumoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Masuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
| | - Takahiro Katsuki
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
| | - Kenji Kai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shiraki
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka , Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yamaji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
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14
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Lin TP, Chang YT, Lee SY, Campbell M, Wang TC, Shen SH, Chung HJ, Chang YH, Chiu AW, Pan CC, Lin CH, Chu CY, Kung HJ, Cheng CY, Chang PC. REST reduction is essential for hypoxia-induced neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells by activating autophagy signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26137-51. [PMID: 27034167 PMCID: PMC5041970 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) with neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is tightly associated with hormone refractory PCa (HRPC), an aggressive form of cancer that is nearly impossible to treat. Determining the mechanism of the development of NED may yield novel therapeutic strategies for HRPC. Here, we first demonstrate that repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), a transcriptional repressor of neuronal genes that has been implicated in androgen-deprivation and IL-6 induced NED, is essential for hypoxia-induced NED of PCa cells. Bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome profiles of REST knockdown during hypoxia treatment demonstrated that REST is a master regulator of hypoxia-induced genes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of hypoxia and REST knockdown co-upregulated genes revealed their correlation with HRPC. Consistently, gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that REST reduction potential associated with hypoxia-induced tumorigenesis, NE development, and AMPK pathway activation. Emerging reports have revealed that AMPK activation is a potential mechanism for hypoxia-induced autophagy. In line with this, we demonstrate that REST knockdown alone is capable of activating AMPK and autophagy activation is essential for hypoxia-induced NED of PCa cells. Here, making using of in vitro cell-based assay for NED, we reveal a new role for the transcriptional repressor REST in hypoxia-induced NED and characterized a sequential molecular mechanism downstream of REST resulting in AMPK phosphorylation and autophagy activation, which may be a common signaling pathway leading to NED of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ping Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ting Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sung-Yuan Lee
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mel Campbell
- UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tien-Chiao Wang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Huei Shen
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Jen Chung
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Hwa Chang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Allen W Chiu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Chen Pan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Ying Chu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Yang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Ching Chang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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15
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Rong RX, Wang SS, Liu X, Li RF, Wang KR, Cao ZR, Li XL. Lysosomes-targeting imaging and anticancer properties of novel bis-naphthalimide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:742-747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Ha S, Jeong SH, Yi K, Chung KM, Hong CJ, Kim SW, Kim EK, Yu SW. Phosphorylation of p62 by AMP-activated protein kinase mediates autophagic cell death in adult hippocampal neural stem cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13795-13808. [PMID: 28655770 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.780874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain, programmed death of neural stem cells is considered to be critical for tissue homeostasis and cognitive function and is dysregulated in neurodegeneration. Previously, we have reported that adult rat hippocampal neural (HCN) stem cells undergo autophagic cell death (ACD) following insulin withdrawal. Because the apoptotic capability of the HCN cells was intact, our findings suggested activation of unique molecular mechanisms linking insulin withdrawal to ACD rather than apoptosis. Here, we report that phosphorylation of autophagy-associated protein p62 by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) drives ACD and mitophagy in HCN cells. Pharmacological inhibition of AMPK or genetic ablation of the AMPK α2 subunit by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome editing suppressed ACD, whereas AMPK activation promoted ACD in insulin-deprived HCN cells. We found that following insulin withdrawal AMPK phosphorylated p62 at a novel site, Ser-293/Ser-294 (in rat and human p62, respectively). Phosphorylated p62 translocated to mitochondria and induced mitophagy and ACD. Interestingly, p62 phosphorylation at Ser-293 was not required for staurosporine-induced apoptosis in HCN cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the direct phosphorylation of p62 by AMPK. Our data suggest that AMPK-mediated p62 phosphorylation is an ACD-specific signaling event and provide novel mechanistic insight into the molecular mechanisms in ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinwon Ha
- From the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and
| | | | - Kyungrim Yi
- From the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and
| | | | | | - Seong Who Kim
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- From the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and.,Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea and
| | - Seong-Woon Yu
- From the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and .,Neurometabolomics Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea and
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17
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Camargo A, Rangel-Zúñiga OA, Alcalá-Díaz J, Gomez-Delgado F, Delgado-Lista J, García-Carpintero S, Marín C, Almadén Y, Yubero-Serrano EM, López-Moreno J, Tinahones FJ, Pérez-Martínez P, Roche HM, López-Miranda J. Dietary fat may modulate adipose tissue homeostasis through the processes of autophagy and apoptosis. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56:1621-1628. [PMID: 27029919 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer development. Autophagy and apoptosis are critical processes for development and homeostasis in multicellular organisms and have been linked to a variety of disorders. We aimed to investigate whether the quantity and quality of dietary fat can influence these processes in the adipose tissue of obese people. METHODS A randomized, controlled trial within the LIPGENE study assigned 39 obese people with metabolic syndrome to 1 of 4 diets: (a) a high-saturated fatty acid diet, (b) a high-monounsaturated fatty acid (HMUFA) diet, and (c, d) two low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets supplemented with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LFHCC n-3) or placebo (LFHCC), for 12 weeks each. RESULTS We found an increase in the expression of autophagy-related BECN1 and ATG7 genes after the long-term consumption of the HMUFA diet (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively) and an increase in the expression of the apoptosis-related CASP3 gene after the long-term consumption of the LFHCC and LFHCC n-3 diets (p = 0.001 and p = 0.029, respectively). CASP3 and CASP7 gene expression changes correlated with HOMA index. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the processes of autophagy and apoptosis in adipose tissue may be modified by diet and that the consumption of a diet rich in monounsaturated fat may contribute to adipose tissue homeostasis by increasing autophagy. They also reinforce the notion that apoptosis in adipose tissue is linked to insulin resistance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00429195.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - O A Rangel-Zúñiga
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Alcalá-Díaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Gomez-Delgado
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - S García-Carpintero
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Marín
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Y Almadén
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - E M Yubero-Serrano
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J López-Moreno
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - F J Tinahones
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - P Pérez-Martínez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - H M Roche
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD Conway Institute, School of Public Health and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, UK
| | - J López-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain.
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18
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Enhanced Autophagy Contributes to Protective Effects of GM1 Ganglioside Against Aβ1-42-Induced Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Deficits. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2417-2426. [PMID: 28497346 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The aggregation of Aβ peptides, Aβ1-42 in particular, is thought to be a fundamental pathogenic mechanism leading to the neuronal damage in AD. Recently, monosialoganglioside GM1 is reported to possess pivotal neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have focused on the conformational dynamics and the biochemical interaction of the amyloid-peptide with the GM1 ganglioside, as well as the protective effect of GM1 on cognition. However, the phenomenon of autophagy with regard to neuronal dysfunction in AD is less investigated. In the present study, GM1 treatment were investigated in an AD mouse model and cultured PC12 dells to examine cognition-protective and neuroprotective effects of GM1. Furthermore, GM1 was found to induce autophagy via testing light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin1, neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 protein and p62 (a substrate of LC3). Chloroquine, an inhibitor of lysosomal, was used to exclude the interference of lysosome, which could fuse with autophagosome and then clear it. In the presence of the inhibitor of autophagy (3-methyladenine; 3-MA), the protective effect of GM1 on PC12 cells in Aβ (1-42) induced toxic conditions was diminished. Interestingly, the expression of histone deacetylase 1 was increased in PC12 cells when treated with GM1, indicating that autophagy might be activated by GM1 through a pathway integrates protein acetylation. This study provides a novel insight into the protective role of GM1 against Aβ (1-42)-induced neurotoxicity via enhancing autophagy.
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19
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Lysosomal activity maintains glycolysis and cyclin E1 expression by mediating Ad4BP/SF-1 stability for proper steroidogenic cell growth. Sci Rep 2017; 7:240. [PMID: 28325912 PMCID: PMC5428257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and differentiation of steroidogenic organs are controlled by Ad4BP/SF-1 (adrenal 4 binding protein/steroidogenic factor 1). Besides, lysosomal activity is required for steroidogenesis and also enables adrenocortical cell to survive during stress. However, the role of lysosomal activity on steroidogenic cell growth is as yet unknown. Here, we showed that lysosomal activity maintained Ad4BP/SF-1 protein stability for proper steroidogenic cell growth. Treatment of cells with lysosomal inhibitors reduced steroidogenic cell growth in vitro. Suppression of autophagy did not affect cell growth indicating that autophagy was dispensable for steroidogenic cell growth. When lysosomal activity was inhibited, the protein stability of Ad4BP/SF-1 was reduced leading to reduced S phase entry. Interestingly, treatment of cells with lysosomal inhibitors reduced glycolytic gene expression and supplying the cells with pyruvate alleviated the growth defect. ChIP-sequence/ChIP studies indicated that Ad4BP/SF-1 binds to the upstream region of Ccne1 (cyclin E1) gene during G1/S phase. In addition, treatment of zebrafish embryo with lysosomal inhibitor reduced the levels of the interrenal (adrenal) gland markers. Thus lysosomal activity maintains steroidogenic cell growth via stabilizing Ad4BP/SF-1 protein.
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20
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Ramos-Torres Á, Bort A, Morell C, Rodríguez-Henche N, Díaz-Laviada I. The pepper's natural ingredient capsaicin induces autophagy blockage in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1569-83. [PMID: 26625315 PMCID: PMC4811481 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of red hot chili peepers, has been shown to have anti-cancer activities in several cancer cells, including prostate cancer. Several molecular mechanisms have been proposed on its chemopreventive action, including ceramide accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress induction and NFκB inhibition. However, the precise mechanisms by which capsaicin exerts its anti-proliferative effect in prostate cancer cells remain questionable. Herein, we have tested the involvement of autophagy on the capsaicin mechanism of action on prostate cancer LNCaP and PC-3 cells. The results showed that capsaicin induced prostate cancer cell death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, increased the levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II, a marker of autophagy) and the accumulation of the cargo protein p62 suggesting an autophagy blockage. Moreover, confocal microscopy revealed that capsaicin treatment increased lysosomes which co-localized with LC3 positive vesicles in a similar extent to that produced by the lysosomal protease inhibitors E64 and pepstatin pointing to an autophagolysosomes breakdown inhibition. Furthermore, we found that capsaicin triggered ROS generation in cells, while the levels of ROS decreased with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger. Co-treatment of cells with NAC and capsaicin abrogated the effects of capsaicin on autophagy and cell death. Normal prostate PNT2 and RWPE-1 cells were more resistant to capsaicin-induced cytotoxicity and did not accumulate p62 protein. Taken together, these results suggest that ROS-mediated capsaicin-induced autophagy blockage contributes to antiproliferation in prostate cancer cells, which provides new insights into the anticancer molecular mechanism of capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágata Ramos-Torres
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Bort
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Morell
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Rodríguez-Henche
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Díaz-Laviada
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Wang W, Liu M, Guan Y, Wu Q. Hypoxia-Responsive Mir-301a and Mir-301b Promote Radioresistance of Prostate Cancer Cells via Downregulating NDRG2. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:2126-32. [PMID: 27327120 PMCID: PMC4920099 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MiR-301a and miR-301b are 2 oncomiRs involved in multiple types of cancer. In this study, we explored the expression change of miR-301a and miR-301b in prostate cancer cells in hypoxia and studied their regulation of autophagy and radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS QRT-PCR was performed to quantify the expression change of miR-301a and miR-301b in hypoxia. Their effects on autophagy were measured by Western blot analysis, and their effects on radiosensitivity were measured by clonogenic assay and flow cytometry. In addition, the regulation of miR-301a and miR-301b on NDRG2, a tumor-suppressor gene in prostate cancer, was also studied. The effect of miR-301a/b-NDRG2 axis on autophagy and radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells was further investigated. RESULTS MiR-301a and miR-301b are 2 hypoxia responsive miRNAs that are significantly upregulated in hypoxia in prostate cancer cells. Higher level of miR-301a and miR-301b expression results in elevated autophagy and increased radioresistance in LNCaP cells. MiR-301a and miR-301b simultaneously target NDRG2 and decrease its expression. Knockdown of NDRG2 leads to increased autophagy and radioresistance. CONCLUSIONS MiR-301a and miR-301b are 2 hypoxia-responsive miRNAs that decrease autophagy of prostate cancer cells in hypoxia by targeting NDRG2. Through downregulating NDRG2, miR-301a and miR-301b can promote radioresistance of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Mingbo Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yawei Guan
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Beijing Military Region, PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qingwu Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan, P.R. China
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Gu H, Liu M, Ding C, Wang X, Wang R, Wu X, Fan R. Hypoxia-responsive miR-124 and miR-144 reduce hypoxia-induced autophagy and enhance radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells via suppressing PIM1. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1174-82. [PMID: 26990493 PMCID: PMC4924376 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells in hypoxia usually make adaptive changes in cellular metabolism, such as altered autophagy. This might be a cause of enhanced radioresistance in some types of cancer. In this study, we investigated hypoxia‐responsive miRNAs in two prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and PC3). This study firstly reported that hypoxia induces further downregulation of miR‐124 and miR‐144, which might be a result of impaired dicer expression. These two miRNAs can simultaneously target 3′UTR of PIM1. Functional study showed that miR‐124 or miR‐144 overexpression can inhibit hypoxia‐induced autophagy and enhance radiosensitivity at least via downregulating PIM1. Therefore, hypoxia induced miR‐124 and miR‐144 downregulation may contribute to a prosurvival mechanism of prostate cancer cells to hypoxia and irradiation at least through attenuated suppressing of PIM1. This finding presents a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gu
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityHenan450052China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityHenan450052China
| | - Changmao Ding
- Department of RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityHenan450052China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityHenan450052China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityHenan450052China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Department of Nuclear MedicineHenan Provincial People's Hospital & the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityHenan450003China
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityHenan450052China
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Zhou J, Shi W, Li LH, Gong QY, Wu XF, Li XH, Ma HM. A Lysosome-Targeting Fluorescence Off-On Probe for Imaging of Nitroreductase and Hypoxia in Live Cells. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2719-2724. [PMID: 26852740 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A lysosome-targeting fluorescent off-on probe has been developed by one-step synthesis for detecting lysosomal nitroreductase and hypoxia. The probe is constructed by incorporating morpholine (a lysosome-targeting unit) into 4-nitro-1,8-naphthalimide (as a fluorochrome and specific substrate for nitroreductase), and the detection mechanism is based on the nitroreductase-catalyzed reduction of the probe to 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide, accompanied by a large fluorescence enhancement at a wavelength of 543 nm. The probe shows an accurate lysosome-targeting ability with high selectivity and sensitivity to nitroreductase (detection limit: 2.2 ng mL-1 ). Notably, the probe has been used to image the change of lysosomal nitroreductase in live cells during hypoxia, revealing that the increase of nitroreductase in lysosomes may be smaller than that in the cytoplasm. In addition, the probe is expected to be useful for studying the function of nitroreductase in the acidic organelle of lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li-Hong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hui-Min Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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