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Yang S, Sun Y, Yan C. Recent advances in the use of extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived stem cells for regenerative medical therapeutics. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:316. [PMID: 38844939 PMCID: PMC11157933 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from adipose tissue. They possess remarkable properties, including multipotency, self-renewal, and easy clinical availability. ADSCs are also capable of promoting tissue regeneration through the secretion of various cytokines, factors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). ADSC-derived EVs (ADSC-EVs) act as intercellular signaling mediators that encapsulate a range of biomolecules. These EVs have been found to mediate the therapeutic activities of donor cells by promoting the proliferation and migration of effector cells, facilitating angiogenesis, modulating immunity, and performing other specific functions in different tissues. Compared to the donor cells themselves, ADSC-EVs offer advantages such as fewer safety concerns and more convenient transportation and storage for clinical application. As a result, these EVs have received significant attention as cell-free therapeutic agents with potential future application in regenerative medicine. In this review, we focus on recent research progress regarding regenerative medical use of ADSC-EVs across various medical conditions, including wound healing, chronic limb ischemia, angiogenesis, myocardial infarction, diabetic nephropathy, fat graft survival, bone regeneration, cartilage regeneration, tendinopathy and tendon healing, peripheral nerve regeneration, and acute lung injury, among others. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms responsible for inducing these therapeutic effects. We believe that deciphering the biological properties, therapeutic effects, and underlying mechanisms associated with ADSC-EVs will provide a foundation for developing a novel therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiran Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenchen Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
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2
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Carreca AP, Tinnirello R, Miceli V, Galvano A, Gristina V, Incorvaia L, Pampalone M, Taverna S, Iannolo G. Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Cancer: Implementation in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1967. [PMID: 38893088 PMCID: PMC11171234 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer represents the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with around 1.8 million deaths in 2020. For this reason, there is an enormous interest in finding early diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic approaches, one of which is extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nanoscale membranous particles that can carry proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), mediating various biological processes, especially in cell-cell communication. As such, they represent an interesting biomarker for diagnostic analysis that can be performed easily by liquid biopsy. Moreover, their growing dataset shows promising results as drug delivery cargo. The aim of our work is to summarize the recent advances in and possible implications of EVs for early diagnosis and innovative therapies for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosaria Tinnirello
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.T.); (V.M.)
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.T.); (V.M.)
| | - Antonio Galvano
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (V.G.); (L.I.)
| | - Valerio Gristina
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (V.G.); (L.I.)
| | - Lorena Incorvaia
- Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (V.G.); (L.I.)
| | | | - Simona Taverna
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Gioacchin Iannolo
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), Via E. Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.T.); (V.M.)
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3
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Brandes F, Meidert AS, Kirchner B, Yu M, Gebhardt S, Steinlein OK, Dolch ME, Rantner B, Tsilimparis N, Schelling G, Pfaffl MW, Reithmair M. Identification of microRNA biomarkers simultaneously expressed in circulating extracellular vesicles and atherosclerotic plaques. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1307832. [PMID: 38725837 PMCID: PMC11079260 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1307832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is a widespread disorder of the cardiovascular system. The early detection of plaques by circulating biomarkers is highly clinically relevant to prevent the occurrence of major complications such as stroke or heart attacks. It is known that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important in intercellular communication in atherosclerotic disorders and carry many components of their cells of origin, including microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, we test the assumption that miRNAs present in material acquired from plaques in patients undergoing surgery for atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis are also expressed in circulating EVs obtained from the identical patients. This would allow the adoption of a liquid biopsy approach for the detection of plaques. Methods We studied 22 surgical patients with atherosclerotic carotid arterial stenosis and 28 healthy controls. EVs were isolated from serum by precipitation. miRNA expression profiles of serum-derived EVs were obtained by small RNA sequencing and in plaque material simultaneously acquired from patients. A comparative analysis was performed to identify circulating atherosclerosis-associated miRNAs that are also detectable in plaques. Results Seven miRNAs were found to be differentially regulated in patient serum compared with the serum of healthy controls. Of these, miR-193b-5p, miR-193a-5p, and miR-125a-3p were significantly upregulated in patients compared with that in healthy controls and present in both, circulating EVs and plaque material. An overrepresentation analysis of experimentally validated mRNA targets revealed an increased regulation of inflammation and vascular growth factors, key players in atherosclerosis and plaque formation. Conclusion Our findings suggest that circulating EVs reflect plaque development in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, which can serve as biomarker candidates for detecting the presence of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brandes
- Department of Anesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes S. Meidert
- Department of Anesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kirchner
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mia Yu
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sonja Gebhardt
- Department of Anaesthesiology, InnKlinikum Altötting, Altötting, Germany
| | - Ortrud K. Steinlein
- Institute of Human Genetics, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael E. Dolch
- Department of Anaesthesiology, InnKlinikum Altötting, Altötting, Germany
| | - Barbara Rantner
- Department of Vascular Surgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Tsilimparis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gustav Schelling
- Department of Anesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marlene Reithmair
- Institute of Human Genetics, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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4
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Huang K, Ma T, Li Q, Zhong Z, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Qin T, Tang S, Zhong J, Lu S. CYP4V2 rs56413992 C > T was associated with the risk of coronary heart disease in the Chinese Han population: a case-control study. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:322. [PMID: 38066650 PMCID: PMC10709878 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The research aimed to detect the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP4V2 gene and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. METHODS This case-control study included 487 CHD subjects and 487 healthy individuals. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the connection between five SNPs in CYP4V2 (rs1398007, rs13146272, rs3736455, rs1053094, and rs56413992) and CHD risk, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the connection. RESULTS As a result, we found that rs56413992 T allele (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.09-1.70, p = 0.007) and CT genotype (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.06-1.83, p = 0.017) were significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD in the overall analysis. Precisely, rs56413992 was linked to an elevated risk of CHD in people aged > 60, males, smokers and drinkers. The study also indicated that rs1398007 was linked to an increased CHD risk in drinkers. In addition, rs1053094 was correlated with a decreased risk of CHD complicated with diabetes mellitus (DM), and rs1398007 was correlated with a decreased risk of CHD complicated with hypertension (HTN). CONCLUSION This study was the first to experimentally demonstrate that CYP4V2 rs56413992 was associated with the risk of CHD, which will provide a certain reference for revealing the pathogenesis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zanrui Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yilei Zhou
- School of Medicine, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ting Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shilin Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jianghua Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Shijuan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43, Renmin Avenue, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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5
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Collado A, Gan L, Tengbom J, Kontidou E, Pernow J, Zhou Z. Extracellular vesicles and their non-coding RNA cargos: Emerging players in cardiovascular disease. J Physiol 2023; 601:4989-5009. [PMID: 36094621 DOI: 10.1113/jp283200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, have recently received attention as essential mechanisms for cell-to-cell communication in cardiovascular disease. EVs can be released from different types of cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cardiac cells, fibroblasts, platelets, adipocytes, immune cells and stem cells. Non-coding (nc)RNAs as EV cargos have recently been investigated in the cardiovascular system. Up- or downregulated ncRNAs in EVs have been shown to play a crucial role in various cardiovascular diseases. Communication via EV-derived ncRNAs can occur between cells of the same type and between different types of cells involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. In the present review, we highlight the important aspects of diverse cell-derived EVs and their ncRNA cargos as disease mediators and potential therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, ischaemic heart disease and cardiac fibrosis. In addition, we summarize the potential of EV-derived ncRNAs in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Finally, we discuss the different methods for EV isolation and characterization. A better understanding of the specific role of EVs and their ncRNA cargos in the regulation of cardiovascular (dys)function will be of importance for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Collado
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lu Gan
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - John Tengbom
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eftychia Kontidou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Petroni D, Fabbri C, Babboni S, Menichetti L, Basta G, Del Turco S. Extracellular Vesicles and Intercellular Communication: Challenges for In Vivo Molecular Imaging and Tracking. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1639. [PMID: 37376087 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous class of cell-derived membrane vesicles released by various cell types that serve as mediators of intercellular signaling. When released into circulation, EVs may convey their cargo and serve as intermediaries for intracellular communication, reaching nearby cells and possibly also distant organs. In cardiovascular biology, EVs released by activated or apoptotic endothelial cells (EC-EVs) disseminate biological information at short and long distances, contributing to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease and related disorders. The significance of EC-EVs as mediators of cell-cell communication has advanced, but a thorough knowledge of the role that intercommunication plays in healthy and vascular disease is still lacking. Most data on EVs derive from in vitro studies, but there are still little reliable data available on biodistribution and specific homing EVs in vivo tissues. Molecular imaging techniques for EVs are crucial to monitoring in vivo biodistribution and the homing of EVs and their communication networks both in basal and pathological circumstances. This narrative review provides an overview of EC-EVs, trying to highlight their role as messengers of cell-cell interaction in vascular homeostasis and disease, and describes emerging applications of various imaging modalities for EVs visualization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Petroni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Costanza Fabbri
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Babboni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Basta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Del Turco
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR San Cataldo Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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7
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Li P, Hong J, Liang C, Li Y, Gao L, Wu L, Yao R, Zhang Y. Endothelial cell-released extracellular vesicles trigger pyroptosis and vascular inflammation to induce atherosclerosis through the delivery of HIF1A-AS2. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22942. [PMID: 37178006 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201399rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess great potential in the modulation of cardiovascular diseases. Our current work intended to assay the clinical significance of endothelial cell (EC)-derived EVs in atherosclerosis (AS). Expression of HIF1A-AS2, miR-455-5p, and ESRRG in plasma from AS patients and mice and EVs from ox-LDL-treated ECs was measured. Interactions among HIF1A-AS2, miR-455-5p, ESRRG, and NLRP3 were analyzed. Next, EVs were co-cultured with ECs, and ectopic expression and depletion experimentations of HIF1A-AS2, miR-455-5p, ESRRG, and/or NLRP3 were carried out to assay their roles in pyroptosis and inflammation of ECs in AS. At last, the effects of HIF1A-AS2 shuttled by EC-derived EVs on EC pyroptosis and vascular inflammation in AS were verified in vivo. HIF1A-AS2 and ESRRG were highly expressed, while miR-455-5p was poorly expressed in AS. HIF1A-AS2 could sponge miR-455-5p to elevate the expression of ESRRG and NLRP3. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that ECs-derived EVs carrying HIF1A-AS2 induced the pyroptosis and vascular inflammation of ECs to promote the progression of AS by sponging miR-455-5p via ESRRG/NLRP3. HIF1A-AS2 shuttled by ECs-derived EVs can accelerate the progression of AS by downregulating miR-455-5p and upregulating ESRRG and NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jin Hong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cui Liang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yapeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Leiming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rui Yao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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8
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Alehossein P, Taheri M, Tayefeh Ghahremani P, Dakhlallah D, Brown CM, Ishrat T, Nasoohi S. Transplantation of Exercise-Induced Extracellular Vesicles as a Promising Therapeutic Approach in Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:211-237. [PMID: 35596116 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence affirms physical exercise is effective in preventive and rehabilitation approaches for ischemic stroke. This sustainable efficacy is independent of cardiovascular risk factors and associates substantial reprogramming in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). The intricate journey of pluripotent exercise-induced EVs from parental cells to the whole-body and infiltration to cerebrovascular entity offers several mechanisms to reduce stroke incidence and injury or accelerate the subsequent recovery. This review delineates the potential roles of EVs as prospective effectors of exercise. The candidate miRNA and peptide cargo of exercise-induced EVs with both atheroprotective and neuroprotective characteristics are discussed, along with their presumed targets and pathway interactions. The existing literature provides solid ground to hypothesize that the rich vesicles link exercise to stroke prevention and rehabilitation. However, there are several open questions about the exercise stressors which may optimally regulate EVs kinetic and boost brain mitochondrial adaptations. This review represents a novel perspective on achieving brain fitness against stroke through transplantation of multi-potential EVs generated by multi-parental cells, which is exceptionally reachable in an exercising body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Alehossein
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Taheri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pargol Tayefeh Ghahremani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Duaa Dakhlallah
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University of Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Candice M Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sanaz Nasoohi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Borrmann M, Brandes F, Kirchner B, Klein M, Billaud JN, Reithmair M, Rehm M, Schelling G, Pfaffl MW, Meidert AS. Extensive blood transcriptome analysis reveals cellular signaling networks activated by circulating glycocalyx components reflecting vascular injury in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129766. [PMID: 36776845 PMCID: PMC9909741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Degradation of the endothelial protective glycocalyx layer during COVID-19 infection leads to shedding of major glycocalyx components. These circulating proteins and their degradation products may feedback on immune and endothelial cells and activate molecular signaling cascades in COVID-19 associated microvascular injury. To test this hypothesis, we measured plasma glycocalyx components in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection of variable disease severity and identified molecular signaling networks activated by glycocalyx components in immune and endothelial cells. Methods We studied patients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia, patients with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and healthy controls (wildtype, n=20 in each group) and measured syndecan-1, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid. The in-silico construction of signaling networks was based on RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of mRNA transcripts derived from blood cells and of miRNAs isolated from extracellular vesicles from the identical cohort. Differentially regulated RNAs between groups were identified by gene expression analysis. Both RNAseq data sets were used for network construction of circulating glycosaminoglycans focusing on immune and endothelial cells. Results Plasma concentrations of glycocalyx components were highest in COVID-19 ARDS. Hyaluronic acid plasma levels in patients admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia who later developed ARDS during hospital treatment (n=8) were significantly higher at hospital admission than in patients with an early recovery. RNAseq identified hyaluronic acid as an upregulator of TLR4 in pneumonia and ARDS. In COVID-19 ARDS, syndecan-1 increased IL-6, which was significantly higher than in pneumonia. In ARDS, hyaluronic acid activated NRP1, a co-receptor of activated VEGFA, which is associated with pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability and interacted with VCAN (upregulated), a proteoglycan important for chemokine communication. Conclusions Circulating glycocalyx components in COVID-19 have distinct biologic feedback effects on immune and endothelial cells and result in upregulation of key regulatory transcripts leading to further immune activation and more severe systemic inflammation. These consequences are most pronounced during the early hospital phase of COVID-19 before pulmonary failure develops. Elevated levels of circulating glycocalyx components may early identify patients at risk for microvascular injury and ARDS. The timely inhibition of glycocalyx degradation could provide a novel therapeutic approach to prevent the development of ARDS in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Borrmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Brandes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kirchner
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Marlene Reithmair
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Rehm
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany,Department of Anesthesiology and intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Agatharied, Hausham, Germany
| | - Gustav Schelling
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany,*Correspondence: Gustav Schelling,
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Agnes S. Meidert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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10
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Alberti G, Russo E, Corrao S, Anzalone R, Kruzliak P, Miceli V, Conaldi PG, Di Gaudio F, La Rocca G. Current Perspectives on Adult Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Biological Features and Clinical Indications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2822. [PMID: 36359342 PMCID: PMC9687875 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute one of the main mechanisms by which cells communicate with the surrounding tissue or at distance. Vesicle secretion is featured by most cell types, and adult mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of different tissue origins have shown the ability to produce them. In recent years, several reports disclosed the molecular composition and suggested clinical indications for EVs derived from adult MSCs. The parental cells were already known for their roles in different disease settings in regulating inflammation, immune modulation, or transdifferentiation to promote cell repopulation. Interestingly, most reports also suggested that part of the properties of parental cells were maintained by isolated EV populations. This review analyzes the recent development in the field of cell-free therapies, focusing on several adult tissues as a source of MSC-derived EVs and the available clinical data from in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Alberti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Corrao
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Anzalone
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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11
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Desita SR, Hariftyani AS, Jannah AR, Setyobudi AK, Oktaviono YH. PCSK9 and LRP6: potential combination targets to prevent and reduce atherosclerosis. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 33:529-534. [PMID: 35429418 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a disease characterized by atherosclerosis formation which causes sudden cardiac death. The prevalence of CAD is expected to increase by 2030. Atherosclerosis started from accumulation of LDL in the blood vessels, followed by endothelial cell activation and dysfunction. PCSK9 is a gene that plays an important role in the creation of atherosclerotic plaque through induced degradation of LDLRs. Inhibition of PCSK9 gene resulted in a decrease of LDLRs degradation and reduction in LDL-C levels. LRP6, as well as its mutation, is a coreceptor that contributes to atherosclerosis through the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. By employing EMPs mediated miRNA-126, third-generation antisense against miR-494-3p (3 GA-494), and recombinant Wnt mouse Wnt3a (rmWnt3a), the inhibition of LRP6 could reduce VSMCs proliferation, enhancing anti-inflammatory macrophages, and diminished bioactive lipids component, respectively. Those mechanisms lead to the stabilization and reduction of atherosclerosis plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia R Desita
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Ayik R Jannah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Yudi H Oktaviono
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
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12
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HHcy Induces Pyroptosis and Atherosclerosis via the Lipid Raft-Mediated NOX-ROS-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway in apoE -/- Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152438. [PMID: 35954287 PMCID: PMC9368640 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts play important roles in signal transduction, particularly in responses to inflammatory processes. The current study aimed to identify whether lipid raft-mediated inflammation contributes to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-accelerated atherosclerosis (AS), and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. THP-1-derived macrophages were used for in vitro experiments. ApoE−/− mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to establish an AS model, and a high-fat plus high-methionine diet was used to induce HHcy. We found that homocysteine (Hcy) increased the expression of p22phox and p67phox and promoted their recruitment into lipid rafts (indicating the assembly of the NOX complex), thereby increasing ROS generation and NOX activity, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis. Mechanistically, Hcy activated the NOX-ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and induced pyroptosis by increasing the expression of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) to promote the formation of lipid raft clustering. Importantly, lipid raft-mediated pyroptosis was confirmed in HHcy mice, and HHcy-promoted macrophage recruitment in atherosclerotic lesions and HHcy-aggravated AS were blocked by the lipid raft disruptor methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The study findings indicate that Hcy promotes lipid raft clustering via the upregulation of ASM, which mediates the assembly of the NOX complex, causing an increase in ROS generation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis, and contributes to HHcy-induced AS.
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13
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Stone AP, Nikols E, Freire D, Machlus KR. The pathobiology of platelet and megakaryocyte extracellular vesicles: A (c)lot has changed. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1550-1558. [PMID: 35506218 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) were originally studied for their potential as regulators of coagulation, a function redundant with that of their parent cells. However, as the understanding of the diverse roles of platelets in hemostasis and disease has developed, so has the understanding of PEVs. In addition, the more recent revelation of constitutively released megakaryocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (MKEVs) in circulation provides an interesting counterpoint and avenue for investigation. In this review, we highlight the historical link of PEVs to thrombosis and hemostasis and provide critical updates. We also expand our discussion to encompass the roles that distinguish PEVs and MKEVs from their parent cells. Furthermore, the role of extracellular vesicles in disease pathology, both as biomarkers and as exacerbators, has been of great interest in recent years. We highlight some of the key roles that PEVs and MKEVs play in autoimmune blood cell disorders, liver pathology, and cardiovascular disease. We then look at the future of PEVs and MKEVs as candidates for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Stone
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emma Nikols
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniela Freire
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kellie R Machlus
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Li T, Wang B, Ding H, Chen S, Cheng W, Li Y, Wu X, Wang L, Jiang Y, Lu Z, Teng Y, Su S, Han X, Zhao M. Effect of Extracellular Vesicles From Multiple Cells on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:857331. [PMID: 35620296 PMCID: PMC9127356 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.857331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS)-related diseases are still the main cause of death in clinical patients. The phenotype switching, proliferation, migration, and secretion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have a pivotal role in atherosclerosis. Although numerous research studies have elucidated the role of VSMCs in AS, their potential functional regulations continue to be explored. The formation of AS involves various cells, such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Therefore, intercellular communication of blood vessels cannot be ignored due to closely connected endothelia, media, and adventitia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as the vectors of cell-to-cell communication, can deliver proteins and nucleic acids of parent cells to the recipient cells. EVs have emerged as being central in intercellular communication and play a vital role in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of AS. This review summarizes the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from multiple cells (endothelial cells, macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) on VSMCs in AS. The key findings of this review are as follows: 1) endothelial cell–derived EVs (EEVs) have anti- or pro-atherogenic effects on VSMCs; 2) macrophage-derived EVs (MEVs) aggravate the proliferation and migration of VSMCs; 3) mesenchymal stem cells can inhibit VSMCs; and 4) the proliferation and migration of VSMCs can be inhibited by the treatment of EVs with atherosclerosis-protective factors and promoted by noxious stimulants. These results suggested that EVs have the same functional properties as treated parent cells, which might provide vital guidance for treating AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baofu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weiting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Teng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Su
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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15
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Yu SR, Cui YX, Song ZQ, Li SF, Zhang CY, Song JX, Chen H. Endothelial Microparticle-Mediated Transfer of microRNA-19b Inhibits the Function and Distribution of Lymphatic Vessels in Atherosclerotic Mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:850298. [PMID: 35615671 PMCID: PMC9124754 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.850298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the function of the lymphatic system in atherosclerosis has attracted attention due to its role in immune cell trafficking, cholesterol removal from the periphery, and regulation of the inflammatory response. However, knowledge of the mechanisms regulating lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic function in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is limited. Endothelial microparticles carrying circulating microRNA (miRNA)s are known to mediate cell–cell communication, and our previous research showed that miRNA-19b in EMPs (EMPmiR-19b) was significantly increased in circulation and atherosclerotic vessels, and this increase in EMPmiR-19b promoted atherosclerosis. The present study investigated whether atherogenic EMPmiR-19b influences pathological changes of the lymphatic system in atherosclerosis. We first verified increased miR-19b levels and loss of lymphatic system function in atherosclerotic mice. Atherogenic western diet-fed ApoE-/- mice were injected with phosphate-buffered saline, EMPs carrying control miRNA (EMPcontrol), or EMPmiR-19b intravenously. The function and distribution of the lymphatic system was assessed via confocal microscopy, Evans blue staining, and pathological analysis. The results showed that lymphatic system dysfunction existed in the early stage of atherosclerosis, and the observed pathological changes persisted at the later stage, companied by an increased microRNA-19b level. In ApoE-/- mice systemically treated with EMPmiR-19b, the distribution, transport function, and permeability of the lymphatic system were significantly inhibited. In vitro experiments showed that miRNA-19b may damage the lymphatic system by inhibiting lymphatic endothelial cell migration and tube formation, and a possible mechanism is the inhibition of transforming growth factor beta receptor type II (TGF-βRII) expression in lymphatic endothelial cells by miRNA-19b. Together, our findings demonstrate that atherogenic EMPmiR-19b may destroy lymphatic system function in atherosclerotic mice by downregulating TGF-βRII expression.
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16
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Adam CA, Șalaru DL, Prisacariu C, Marcu DTM, Sascău RA, Stătescu C. Novel Biomarkers of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease-Latest Insights in the Research Field. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094998. [PMID: 35563387 PMCID: PMC9103799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The atherosclerotic vascular disease is a cardiovascular continuum in which the main role is attributed to atherosclerosis, from its appearance to its associated complications. The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, population ageing, and burden on both the economy and the healthcare system have led to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the field. The better understanding or discovery of new pathophysiological mechanisms and molecules modulating various signaling pathways involved in atherosclerosis have led to the development of potential new biomarkers, with key role in early, subclinical diagnosis. The evolution of technological processes in medicine has shifted the attention of researchers from the profiling of classical risk factors to the identification of new biomarkers such as midregional pro-adrenomedullin, midkine, stromelysin-2, pentraxin 3, inflammasomes, or endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles. These molecules are seen as future therapeutic targets associated with decreased morbidity and mortality through early diagnosis of atherosclerotic lesions and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Andreea Adam
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.A.A.); (C.P.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Delia Lidia Șalaru
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.A.A.); (C.P.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Prisacariu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.A.A.); (C.P.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Dragoș Traian Marius Marcu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Radu Andy Sascău
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.A.A.); (C.P.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Cristian Stătescu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.A.A.); (C.P.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania;
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17
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Williams JO, Whelan C, Nash J, James PE. Extracellular Vesicles in Atherosclerosis Research. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2419:349-359. [PMID: 35237976 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The methodologies described in this chapter inform on how to incorporate extracellular vesicles (EV) in model systems to investigate their role in the initiation and progression of the atherosclerotic plaque. The section will cover application of EV in coagulation and thrombus formation, monocytic migration, and adhesion to endothelial monolayers. These methodologies can be used with EV isolated from any cell type and under any conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica O Williams
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Cass Whelan
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jamie Nash
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Philip E James
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.
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18
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Ran X, Wang DW, Yu Z, Wu R, Zhang Q. Decreased Tissue Kallikrein Levels and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in China. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:117-126. [PMID: 35023947 PMCID: PMC8747795 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s343972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Tissue kallikrein (TK) exerts protective effects on cardiac cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs). Changes in TK level in plasma are associated with ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD); however, a causal correlation could not be established. Therefore, we investigated the association between TK levels and CCVDs in a community-based cross-sectional study in China. Methods A total of 6043 subjects (4242 men and 1801 women) were enrolled in this community-based cross-sectional study. Then, TK levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Multivariate linear regression model and logistic regression were used to assess the correlations between TK levels and CCVDs. Subsequently, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to assess the value of TK level in evaluating the risk of ischemic stroke. Finally, the influence of various medications was evaluated on TK levels. Results The TK level was significantly lower in subjects with ischemic stroke (P < 0.001) and hypertension (P < 0.001) and negatively associated with ischemic stroke (P < 0.001) but not associated with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes compared to the traditional risk factors. The diagnostic accuracy for ischemic stroke, as quantified by the area under the curve, was 0.892 (95% CI, 0.884–0.900) for TK level, deeming it as a promising assessment tool. Moreover, no appreciable influence of various drugs therapy was found in TK levels (P = 0.222) except for those taking antilipemic agents. Conclusion TK is a strong and independent endogenous protective factor against ischemic stroke in the Chinese population and could be a promising biomarker for the risk of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ran
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- The Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxue Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences Division/ Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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19
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Botts SR, Fish JE, Howe KL. Dysfunctional Vascular Endothelium as a Driver of Atherosclerosis: Emerging Insights Into Pathogenesis and Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:787541. [PMID: 35002720 PMCID: PMC8727904 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the chronic accumulation of cholesterol-rich plaque within arteries, is associated with a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, aortic aneurysm, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality in high-income countries and recent years have witnessed a notable increase in prevalence within low- and middle-income regions of the world. Considering this prominent and evolving global burden, there is a need to identify the cellular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis to discover novel therapeutic targets for preventing or mitigating its clinical sequelae. Despite decades of research, we still do not fully understand the complex cell-cell interactions that drive atherosclerosis, but new investigative approaches are rapidly shedding light on these essential mechanisms. The vascular endothelium resides at the interface of systemic circulation and the underlying vessel wall and plays an essential role in governing pathophysiological processes during atherogenesis. In this review, we present emerging evidence that implicates the activated endothelium as a driver of atherosclerosis by directing site-specificity of plaque formation and by promoting plaque development through intracellular processes, which regulate endothelial cell proliferation and turnover, metabolism, permeability, and plasticity. Moreover, we highlight novel mechanisms of intercellular communication by which endothelial cells modulate the activity of key vascular cell populations involved in atherogenesis, and discuss how endothelial cells contribute to resolution biology - a process that is dysregulated in advanced plaques. Finally, we describe important future directions for preclinical atherosclerosis research, including epigenetic and targeted therapies, to limit the progression of atherosclerosis in at-risk or affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Botts
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason E. Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn L. Howe
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Mikołajczyk K, Spyt D, Zielińska W, Żuryń A, Faisal I, Qamar M, Świniarski P, Grzanka A, Gagat M. The Important Role of Endothelium and Extracellular Vesicles in the Cellular Mechanism of Aortic Aneurysm Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313157. [PMID: 34884962 PMCID: PMC8658239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis is a fundamental property of biological systems consisting of the ability to maintain a dynamic balance of the environment of biochemical processes. The action of endogenous and exogenous factors can lead to internal balance disorder, which results in the activation of the immune system and the development of inflammatory response. Inflammation determines the disturbances in the structure of the vessel wall, connected with the change in their diameter. These disorders consist of accumulation in the space between the endothelium and the muscle cells of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), resulting in the formation of fatty streaks narrowing the lumen and restricting the blood flow in the area behind the structure. The effect of inflammation may also be pathological dilatation of the vessel wall associated with the development of aneurysms. Described disease entities strongly correlate with the increased migration of immune cells. Recent scientific research indicates the secretion of specific vesicular structures during migration activated by the inflammation. The review focuses on the link between endothelial dysfunction and the inflammatory response and the impact of these processes on the development of disease entities potentially related to the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Mikołajczyk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Dominika Spyt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Wioletta Zielińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Żuryń
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Inaz Faisal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Murtaz Qamar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Piotr Świniarski
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Alina Grzanka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.M.); (D.S.); (W.Z.); (A.Ż.); (I.F.); (M.Q.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Xie X, Guo LW, Craig Kent K. miR548ai antagonism attenuates exosome-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:318. [PMID: 34711811 PMCID: PMC8553949 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) and smooth muscle cell (SMC) are major cell types adjacent in the vascular wall. Recent progress indicates that their communication is crucial for vascular homeostasis and pathogenesis. In particular, dysfunctional (proliferative) SMCs through exosomes can induce EC dysfunction (impaired growth). The current study suggests that miR548ai, a rarely known microRNA, may provide a molecular target for protection against SMC/exosome-induced EC dysfunction. We performed microarray profiling of microRNAs of dysfunctional human primary aortic SMCs induced by different cytokines (PDGF-BB, TGFβ1, TNFα, IL1β). Among the microRNAs commonly upregulated by these cytokines, miR548ai showed the most robust changes, as also validated through quantitative PCR. This cytokine-induced miR548ai upregulation was recapitulated in the qPCR determination of SMC-derived exosomal microRNAs. Consistent with SMC-to-EC communication, the exosomes extracted from cytokine-stimulated SMCs impaired human EC proliferation and migration. Of particular interest, this SMC exosomal impingement on ECs was countered by transfection of miR548ai inhibitor microRNA into ECs. Furthermore, the miR548ai inhibitor transfected into SMCs attenuated SMC dysfunction/proliferation. Thus, these results identify miR548ai as a novel target; namely, miR548ai inhibitor mitigates EC dysfunction induced by exosomes derived from dysfunctional SMCs. This new knowledge may aid the future development of microRNA-based treatment of vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Xie
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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22
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Martí-Carvajal AJ, De Sanctis JB, Dayer M, Martí-Amarista CE, Alegría E, Monge Martín D, Abd El Aziz M, Correa-Pérez A, Nicola S, Parise Vasco JM. Interleukin-receptor antagonist and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors for the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Hippokratia 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo J Martí-Carvajal
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo (Centro Cochrane Ecuador); Universidad UTE; Quito Ecuador
- Facultad de Medicina (Centro Cochrane Madrid); Universidad Francisco de Vitoria; Madrid Spain
- Cátedra Rectoral de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia; Universidad de Carabobo; Valencia Venezuela
| | - Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- The Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine; Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Mark Dayer
- Department of Cardiology; Somerset NHS Foundation Trust; Taunton UK
| | | | - Eduardo Alegría
- Faculty of Medicine; Universidad Francisco de Vitoria; Madrid Spain
| | | | - Mohamed Abd El Aziz
- Internal medicine; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoPaul L. Foster School of Medicine; El Paso, Texas USA
| | - Andrea Correa-Pérez
- Faculty of Medicine; Universidad Francisco de Vitoria; Madrid Spain
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS); Madrid Spain
| | - Susana Nicola
- Centro Asociado Cochrane Ecuador, Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC); Universidad UTE; Quito Ecuador
| | - Juan Marcos Parise Vasco
- Centro Asociado Cochrane Ecuador, Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC); Universidad UTE; Quito Ecuador
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23
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Yang N, Zhao Y, Wu X, Zhang N, Song H, Wei W, Liu ML. Recent advances in Extracellular Vesicles and their involvements in vasculitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:203-218. [PMID: 33951487 PMCID: PMC9107955 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of multisystem autoimmune disorders characterized by inflammation of blood vessels. Although many progresses in diagnosis and immunotherapies have been achieved over the past decades, there are still many unanswered questions about vasculitis from pathological understanding to more advanced therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are double-layer phospholipid membrane vesicles harboring various cargoes. EVs can be classified into exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies depending on their size and origin of cellular compartment. EVs can be released by almost all cell types and may be involved in physical and pathological processes including inflammation and autoimmune responses. In systemic vasculitis, EVs may have pathogenic involvement in inflammation, autoimmune responses, thrombosis, endothelium injury, angiogenesis and intimal hyperplasia. EV-associated redox reaction may also be involved in vasculitis pathogenesis by inducing inflammation, endothelial injury and thrombosis. Additionally, EVs may serve as specific biomarkers for diagnosis or monitoring of disease activity and therapeutic efficacy, i.e. AAV-associated renal involvement. In this review, we have discussed the recent advances of EVs, especially their roles in pathogenesis and clinical involvements in vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Xiuhua Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Haoming Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China.
| | - Ming-Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center (Philadelphia), Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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24
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Circulating Extracellular Vesicle Proteins and MicroRNA Profiles in Subcortical and Cortical-Subcortical Ischaemic Stroke. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070786. [PMID: 34356850 PMCID: PMC8301391 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the role of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), proteins, and microRNAs as damage and repair markers in ischaemic stroke depending on its topography, subcortical (SC), and cortical-subcortical (CSC) involvement, we quantified the total amount of EVs using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique and analysed their global protein content using proteomics. We also employed a polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the circulating microRNA profile. The study included 81 patients with ischaemic stroke (26 SC and 55 CSC) and 22 healthy controls (HCs). No differences were found in circulating EV levels between the SC, CSC, and HC groups. We detected the specific expression of C1QA and Casp14 in the EVs of patients with CSC ischaemic stroke and the specific expression of ANXA2 in the EVs of patients with SC involvement. Patients with CSC ischaemic stroke showed a lower expression of miR-15a, miR-424, miR-100, and miR-339 compared with those with SC ischaemic stroke, and the levels of miR-339, miR-100, miR-199a, miR-369a, miR-424, and miR-15a were lower than those of the HCs. Circulating EV proteins and microRNAs from patients with CSC ischaemic stroke could be considered markers of neurite outgrowth, neurogenesis, inflammation process, and atherosclerosis. On the other hand, EV proteins and microRNAs from patients with SC ischaemic stroke might be markers of an anti-inflammatory process and blood–brain barrier disruption reduction.
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25
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Giró O, Jiménez A, Pané A, Badimon L, Ortega E, Chiva-Blanch G. Extracellular vesicles in atherothrombosis and cardiovascular disease: Friends and foes. Atherosclerosis 2021; 330:61-75. [PMID: 34256307 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV, exosomes and microvesicles -MV-) are 30-1000 nm particles surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer membrane that are released from almost all cell types through several pathways. EV encapsulate bioactive molecules, and the molecular cargo is determined by the trigger stimulating its release, reflecting its cell origin and biological functions. This review is primarily focused on the latest evidence of the roles of EV, released from cells involved in the different stages of atherothrombosis. The potential translation of this information to the clinical arena is also discussed. EV can have both pro- and anti-atherothrombotic effects depending on several factors, such as the type of vesicle (MV/exosome), its molecular cargo, its cell of origin, and the context in which are generated, i.e., the stimulus triggering its release. In fact, EV actively participate in every step of atherosclerosis onset and progression, and also in thrombus formation leading to a major adverse cardiovascular event. Moreover, EV have a determinant role in fibrous cap stability, thus determining the propensity of the plaque to rupture. On the other hand, and again, conditioned by the context and stimulus instigating its secretion, some EV may have protective biological functions, perhaps as a compensatory mechanism or even with reparative or regenerative potential. Therefore, the study of the implication of EV in atherothrombosis might be of relevance to unveil new therapeutic targets, vectors and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Giró
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Jiménez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Pané
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC; Institut de Recerca Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ortega
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Georgescu A, Simionescu M. Extracellular Vesicles: Versatile Nanomediators, Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Agents in Atherosclerosis and COVID-19-Related Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5967. [PMID: 34073119 PMCID: PMC8198837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells convey information among one another. One instrument employed to transmit data and constituents to specific (target) cells is extracellular vesicles (EVs). They originate from a variety of cells (endothelial, immune cells, platelets, mesenchymal stromal cells, etc.), and consequently, their surface characteristics and cargo vary according to the paternal cell. The cargo could be DNA, mRNA, microRNA, receptors, metabolites, cytoplasmic proteins, or pathological molecules, as a function of which EVs exert different effects upon endocytosis in recipient cells. Recently, EVs have become important participants in a variety of pathologies, including atherogenesis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated thrombosis. Herein, we summarize recent advances and some of our own results on the role of EVs in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, and discuss their potential to function as signaling mediators, biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Since COVID-19 patients have a high rate of thrombotic events, a special section of the review is dedicated to the mechanism of thrombosis and the possible therapeutic potential of EVs in COVID-19-related thrombosis. Yet, EV mechanisms and their role in the transfer of information between cells in normal and pathological conditions remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania;
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27
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Oggero S, de Gaetano M, Marcone S, Fitzsimons S, Pinto AL, Ikramova D, Barry M, Burke D, Montero-Melendez T, Cooper D, Burgoyne T, Belton O, Norling LV, Brennan EP, Godson C, Perretti M. Extracellular vesicles from monocyte/platelet aggregates modulate human atherosclerotic plaque reactivity. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:12084. [PMID: 33936566 PMCID: PMC8077084 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as key players in different stages of atherosclerosis. Here we provide evidence that EVs released by mixed aggregates of monocytes and platelets in response to TNF‐α display pro‐inflammatory actions on endothelial cells and atherosclerotic plaques. Tempering platelet activation with Iloprost, Aspirin or a P2Y12 inhibitor impacted quantity and phenotype of EV produced. Proteomics of EVs from cells activated with TNF‐α alone or in the presence of Iloprost revealed a distinct composition, with interesting hits like annexin‐A1 and gelsolin. When added to human atherosclerotic plaque explants, EVs from TNF‐α stimulated monocytes augmented release of cytokines. In contrast, EVs generated by TNF‐α together with Iloprost produced minimal plaque activation. Notably, patients with coronary artery disease that required percutaneous coronary intervention had elevated plasma numbers of monocyte, platelet as well as double positive EV subsets. In conclusion, EVs released following monocyte/platelet activation may play a potential role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Whereas attenuating platelet activation modifies EV composition released from monocyte/platelet aggregates, curbing their pro‐inflammatory actions may offer therapeutic avenues for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Oggero
- William Harvey Research Institute Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Monica de Gaetano
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute, & School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Simone Marcone
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Stephen Fitzsimons
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute, & School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | | | - Dinara Ikramova
- School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Mary Barry
- Department of Vascular Surgery St. Vincent's University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - David Burke
- Department of Vascular Surgery St. Vincent's University Hospital Dublin Ireland
| | - Trinidad Montero-Melendez
- William Harvey Research Institute Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK.,Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Dianne Cooper
- William Harvey Research Institute Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK.,Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust London UK.,Institute of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Brain Sciences University College London London UK
| | - Orina Belton
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute, & School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Lucy V Norling
- William Harvey Research Institute Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK.,Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Eoin P Brennan
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute, & School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre Conway Institute, & School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute Bart's and the London School of Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK.,Centre for inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation Queen Mary University of London London UK
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