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Miyake K, Ito J, Karasuyama H. Novel insights into the ontogeny of basophils. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1402841. [PMID: 38803659 PMCID: PMC11128600 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1402841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Basophils are the least common granulocytes, accounting for <1% of peripheral blood leukocytes. In the last 20 years, analytical tools for mouse basophils have been developed, and we now recognize that basophils play critical roles in various immune reactions, including the development of allergic inflammation and protective immunity against parasites. Moreover, the combined use of flow cytometric analyses and knockout mice has uncovered several progenitor cells committed to basophils in mice. Recently, advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have challenged the classical view of the differentiation of various hematopoietic cell lineages. This is also true for basophil differentiation, and studies using scRNA-seq analysis have provided novel insights into basophil differentiation, including the association of basophil differentiation with that of erythrocyte/megakaryocyte and the discovery of novel basophil progenitor cells in the mouse bone marrow. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of basophil ontogeny in both mice and humans, mainly focusing on studies using scRNA-seq analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Miyake
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Venglar O, Kapustova V, Anilkumar Sithara A, Zihala D, Muronova L, Sevcikova T, Vrana J, Vdovin A, Radocha J, Krhovska P, Hrdinka M, Turjap M, Popkova T, Chyra Z, Broskevicova L, Simicek M, Koristek Z, Hajek R, Jelinek T. Insight into the mechanism of CD34 + cell mobilisation impairment in multiple myeloma patients treated with anti-CD38 therapy. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:1439-1449. [PMID: 37807708 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Induction therapy followed by CD34+ cell mobilisation and autologous transplantation represents standard of care for multiple myeloma (MM). However, the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies daratumumab and isatuximab have been associated with mobilisation impairment, yet the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of three different regimens (dara-VCd, isa-KRd and VTd) on CD34+ cells using flow cytometry and transcriptomics. Decreased CD34+ cell peak concentration and yields, longer collection and delayed engraftment were reproduced after dara-VCd/isa-KRd versus VTd induction in 34 patients in total. Using flow cytometry, we detected major changes in the proportion of apheresis product and bone marrow CD34+ subsets in patients treated with regimens containing anti-CD38 therapy; however, without any decrease in CD38high B-lymphoid progenitors in both materials. RNA-seq of mobilised CD34+ cells from 21 patients showed that adhesion genes are overexpressed in CD34+ cells after dara-VCd/isa-KRd and JCAD, NRP2, MDK, ITGA3 and CLEC3B were identified as potential target genes. Finally, direct in vitro effect of isatuximab in upregulating JCAD and CLEC3B was confirmed by quantitative PCR. These findings suggest that upregulated adhesion-related interactions, rather than killing of CD34+ cells by effector mechanisms, could be leading causes of decreased mobilisation efficacy in MM patients treated with anti-CD38 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Venglar
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kapustova
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Anjana Anilkumar Sithara
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Zihala
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Muronova
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Sevcikova
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vrana
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Vdovin
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Radocha
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Charles University and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Krhovska
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Matous Hrdinka
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Turjap
- Clinical Trials Section of Pharmacy, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Popkova
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Chyra
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Broskevicova
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Simicek
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Koristek
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Jelinek
- Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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3
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Chen WA, Boskovic DS. Neutrophil Extracellular DNA Traps in Response to Infection or Inflammation, and the Roles of Platelet Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3025. [PMID: 38474270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils present the host's first line of defense against bacterial infections. These immune effector cells are mobilized rapidly to destroy invading pathogens by (a) reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative bursts and (b) via phagocytosis. In addition, their antimicrobial service is capped via a distinct cell death mechanism, by the release of their own decondensed nuclear DNA, supplemented with a variety of embedded proteins and enzymes. The extracellular DNA meshwork ensnares the pathogenic bacteria and neutralizes them. Such neutrophil extracellular DNA traps (NETs) have the potential to trigger a hemostatic response to pathogenic infections. The web-like chromatin serves as a prothrombotic scaffold for platelet adhesion and activation. What is less obvious is that platelets can also be involved during the initial release of NETs, forming heterotypic interactions with neutrophils and facilitating their responses to pathogens. Together, the platelet and neutrophil responses can effectively localize an infection until it is cleared. However, not all microbial infections are easily cleared. Certain pathogenic organisms may trigger dysregulated platelet-neutrophil interactions, with a potential to subsequently propagate thromboinflammatory processes. These may also include the release of some NETs. Therefore, in order to make rational intervention easier, further elucidation of platelet, neutrophil, and pathogen interactions is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Chen
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Danilo S Boskovic
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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Park J, Kang SJ. The ontogenesis and heterogeneity of basophils. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 3:kyae003. [PMID: 38567293 PMCID: PMC10941320 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Basophils are the rarest leukocytes, but they have essential roles in protection against helminths, allergic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and some cancers. For years, the clinical significance of basophils has been neglected because of the lack of proper experimental tools to study them. The development of basophil-specific antibodies and animal models, along with genomic advances like single-cell transcriptomics, has greatly enhanced our understanding of basophil biology. Recent discoveries regarding basophils prompted us to write this review, emphasizing the basophil developmental pathway. In it, we chronologically examine the steps of basophil development in various species, which reveals the apparent advent of basophils predating IgE and basophil's IgE-independent regulatory role in primitive vertebrates. Then, we cover studies of basophil development in adult bone marrow, and compare those of murine and human basophils, introducing newly identified basophil progenitors and mature basophil subsets, as well as the transcription factors that regulate the transitions between them. Last, we discuss the heterogeneity of tissue-resident basophils, which may develop through extramedullary hematopoiesis. We expect that this review will contribute to a deeper understanding of basophil biology from the intricate aspects of basophil development and differentiation, offering valuable insights for both researchers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
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Ishqi HM, Ali M, Dawra R. Recent advances in the role of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in acute pancreatitis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4107-4122. [PMID: 37725239 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease, which is triggered by adverse events in acinar cells of the pancreas. After the initial injury, infiltration of neutrophils in pancreas is observed. In the initial stages of pancreatitis, the inflammation is sterile. It has been shown that the presence of neutrophils at the injury site can modulate the disease. Their depletion in experimental animal models of the acute pancreatitis has been shown to be protective. But information on mechanism of contribution to inflammation by neutrophils at the injury site is not clear. Once at injury site, activated neutrophils release azurophilic granules containing proteolytic enzymes and generate hypochlorous acid which is a strong microbicidal agent. Additionally, emerging evidence shows that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are formed which consist of decondensed DNA decorated with histones, proteases and granular and cytosolic proteins. NETs are considered mechanical traps for microbes, but there is preliminary evidence to indicate that NETs, which constitute a special mechanism of the neutrophil defence system, play an adverse role in pancreatitis by contributing to the pancreatic inflammation and distant organ injury. This review presents the overall current information about neutrophils and their role including NETs in acute pancreatitis (AP). It also highlights current gaps in knowledge which should be explored to fully elucidate the role of neutrophils in AP and for therapeutic gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mubarak Ishqi
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Misha Ali
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rajinder Dawra
- Department of Surgery and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Mantesso A, Nör JE. Stem cells in clinical dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 2023; 154:1048-1057. [PMID: 37804275 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells are present in most of the tissues in the craniofacial complex and play a major role in tissue homeostasis and repair. These cells are characterized by their capacity to differentiate into multiple cell types and to self-renew to maintain a stem cell pool throughout the life of the tissue. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors discuss original data from experiments and comparative analyses and review articles describing the identification and characterization of stem cells of the oral cavity. RESULTS Every oral tissue except enamel, dentin, and cementum contains stem cells for the entire life span. These stem cells self-renew to maintain a pool of cells that can be activated to replace terminally differentiated cells (for example, odontoblasts) or to enable wound healing (for example, dentin bridge in pulp exposures and healing of periodontal tissues after surgery). In addition, dental stem cells can differentiate into functional blood vessels and nerves. Initial clinical trials have shown that transplanting dental pulp stem cells into disinfected necrotic teeth has allowed for the recovery of tooth vitality and vertical and horizontal root growth in immature teeth with incomplete root formation. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS As a consequence of these groundbreaking discoveries, stem cell banks are now offering services for the cryopreservation of dental stem cells. The future use of stem cell-based therapies in the clinic will depend on the collaboration of clinicians and researchers in projects designed to understand whether these treatments are safe, efficacious, and clinically feasible.
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Berckmueller K, Thomas J, Taha EA, Choo S, Madhu R, Kanestrom G, Rupert PB, Strong R, Kiem HP, Radtke S. CD90-targeted lentiviral vectors for HSC gene therapy. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2901-2913. [PMID: 37550965 PMCID: PMC10556220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy is currently performed on CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells containing less than 1% true HSCs and requiring a highly specialized infrastructure for cell manufacturing and transplantation. We have previously identified the CD34+CD90+ subset to be exclusively responsible for short- and long-term engraftment. However, purification and enrichment of this subset is laborious and expensive. HSC-specific delivery agents for the direct modification of rare HSCs are currently lacking. Here, we developed novel targeted viral vectors to specifically transduce CD90-expressing HSCs. Anti-CD90 single chain variable fragments (scFvs) were engineered onto measles- and VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors that were knocked out for native targeting. We further developed a custom hydrodynamic titration methodology to assess the loading of surface-engineered capsids, measure antigen recognition of the scFv, and predict the performance on cells. Engineered vectors formed with minimal impairment in the functional titer, maintained their ability to fuse with the target cells, and showed highly specific recognition of CD90 on cells ex vivo. Most important, targeted vectors selectively transduced human HSCs with secondary colony-forming potential. Our novel HSC-targeted viral vectors have the potential to significantly enhance the feasibility of ex vivo gene therapy and pave the way for future in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Berckmueller
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Justin Thomas
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eman A Taha
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Ain Shams University Faculty of Science, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Seunga Choo
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ravishankar Madhu
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Greta Kanestrom
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Peter B Rupert
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Roland Strong
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Stefan Radtke
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Heuer A, Löwhagen S, Uhlig S, Hetjens S, Büttner S, Pflästerer B, Diehlmann A, Klein S, Klüter H, Bieback K, Wuchter P. Flow Cytometric Characterization of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Subpopulations in Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Preparations after Cryopreservation. Transfus Med Hemother 2023; 50:417-427. [PMID: 37899990 PMCID: PMC10601604 DOI: 10.1159/000533624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autologous stem cell transplantation is a successful routine procedure with only a small number of non-engraftment cases, although the time to hematopoietic recovery may vary considerably across patients. While CD34 has been the decisive marker for enumerating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for more than 30 years, the impact of CD34-positive cellular subpopulations in autologous HSPC grafts on hematopoietic reconstitution remains unclear. Methods The two-color ISHAGE protocol represents the current gold standard for CD34+ cell enumeration but includes only the number of viable CD45+/CD34+ cells relative to the body weight of the recipient. We adapted a multicolor flow cytometry marker panel for advanced characterization of CD34 subpopulations in retained samples of autologous peripheral blood stem cell products (n = 49), which had been cryostored for a wide range from 4 to 15 years. The flow cytometric analysis included CD10, CD34, CD38, CD45, CD45RA, CD133, and viability staining with 7AAD. The findings were correlated with clinical engraftment data, including reconstitution of leukocytes, neutrophils, and platelets after transplantation (TPL). Results We demonstrated that the identification of autologous HSPC subpopulations by flow cytometry after cryopreservation is feasible. Regarding the distribution of HSPC subpopulations, a markedly different pattern was observed in comparison to previously published data obtained using fresh autologous material. Our data revealed the largest ratio of lympho-myeloid progenitors (LMPPs) after freezing and thawing, followed by multipotent progenitors and erythroid-myeloid progenitors. A high ratio of LMPPs, representing an immature stage of differentiation, correlated significantly with early neutrophilic granulocyte and leukocyte engraftment (p = 0.025 and p = 0.003). Conversely, a large ratio of differentiated cells correlated with late engraftment of neutrophilic granulocytes (p = 0.024). Overall, successful engraftment was documented for all patients. Conclusion We established an advanced flow cytometry panel to assess the differentiation ability of cryostored autologous peripheral blood stem cell grafts and correlated it with timely hematopoietic reconstitution. This approach represents a novel and comprehensive way to identify hematopoietic stem and progenitor subpopulations. It is a feasible way to indicate the engraftment capacity of stem cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Heuer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Svea Löwhagen
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefanie Uhlig
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- FlowCore, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Svetlana Hetjens
- Medical Statistics, Biomathematics and Information Processing, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sylvia Büttner
- Medical Statistics, Biomathematics and Information Processing, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Britta Pflästerer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anke Diehlmann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Klein
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harald Klüter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- FlowCore, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Wuchter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Abazari N, Stefanucci MR, Bossi LE, Trojani A, Cairoli R, Beghini A. Cordycepin (3'dA) Induces Cell Death of AC133 + Leukemia Cells via Re-Expression of WIF1 and Down-Modulation of MYC. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3931. [PMID: 37568748 PMCID: PMC10417454 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is critically required for the development and maintenance of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by constitutive activation of myeloid regeneration-related pathways. Cell-intrinsic activation of canonical Wnt signaling propagates in the nucleus by β-catenin translocation, where it induces expression of target oncogenes such as JUN, MYC and CCND1. As the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is now well established to be a key oncogenic signaling pathway promoting leukemic myelopoiesis, targeting it would be an effective strategy to impair LSC functionality. Although the effects of the adenosine analogue cordycepin in repressing β-catenins and destabilizing the LSC niche have been highlighted, the cellular and molecular effects on AML-LSC have not been fully clarified. In the present study, we evaluated the potency and efficacy of cordycepin, a selective repressor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with anti-leukemia properties, on the AC133+ LSC fraction. Cordycepin effectively reduces cell viability of the AC133+ LSCs in the MUTZ-2 cell model and patient-derived cells through the induction of apoptosis. By Wnt-targeted RNA sequencing panel, we highlighted the re-expression of WIF1 and DKK1 among others, and the consequent downregulation of MYC and PROM1 (CD133) following MUTZ-2 cell exposure to increasing doses of cordycepin. Our results provide new insights into the molecular circuits involved in pharmacological inhibition mediated by cordycepin reinforcing the potential of targeting the Wnt/β-catenin and co-regulatory complexes in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Abazari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (N.A.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Marta Rachele Stefanucci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (N.A.); (M.R.S.)
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (L.E.B.); (A.T.); (R.C.)
| | - Luca Emanuele Bossi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (L.E.B.); (A.T.); (R.C.)
| | - Alessandra Trojani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (L.E.B.); (A.T.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Cairoli
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (L.E.B.); (A.T.); (R.C.)
| | - Alessandro Beghini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (N.A.); (M.R.S.)
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Rubenich DS, de Souza PO, Omizzollo N, Aubin MR, Basso PJ, Silva LM, da Silva EM, Teixeira FC, Gentil GF, Domagalski JL, Cunha MT, Gadelha KA, Diel LF, Gelsleichter NE, Rubenich AS, Lenz GS, de Abreu AM, Kroeff GM, Paz AH, Visioli F, Lamers ML, Wink MR, Worm PV, Araújo AB, Sévigny J, Câmara NOS, Ludwig N, Braganhol E. Tumor-neutrophil crosstalk promotes in vitro and in vivo glioblastoma progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183465. [PMID: 37292196 PMCID: PMC10244780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The tumor microenvironment (TME) of glioblastoma (GB) is characterized by an increased infiltration of immunosuppressive cells that attenuate the antitumor immune response. The participation of neutrophils in tumor progression is still controversial and a dual role in the TME has been proposed. In this study, we show that neutrophils are reprogrammed by the tumor to ultimately promote GB progression. Methods Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrate the existence of bidirectional GB and neutrophil communication, directly promoting an immunosuppressive TME. Results and discussion Neutrophils have shown to play an important role in tumor malignancy especially in advanced 3D tumor model and Balb/c nude mice experiments, implying a time- and neutrophil concentration-dependent modulation. Studying the tumor energetic metabolism indicated a mitochondria mismatch shaping the TME secretome. The given data suggests a cytokine milieu in patients with GB that favors the recruitment of neutrophils, sustaining an anti-inflammatory profile which is associated with poor prognosis. Besides, glioma-neutrophil crosstalk has sustained a tumor prolonged activation via NETs formation, indicating the role of NFκB signaling in tumor progression. Moreover, clinical samples have indicated that neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), IL-1β, and IL-10 are associated with poor outcomes in patients with GB. Conclusion These results are relevant for understanding how tumor progression occurs and how immune cells can help in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique S. Rubenich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila O. de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natalia Omizzollo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana R. Aubin
- Laboratório de Células, Tecidos e Genes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo J. Basso
- Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luisa M. Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloisa M. da Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C. Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela F.S. Gentil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jordana L. Domagalski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maico T. Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kerolainy A. Gadelha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F. Diel
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nicolly E. Gelsleichter
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline S. Rubenich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S. Lenz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline M. de Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giselle M. Kroeff
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana H. Paz
- Laboratório de Células, Tecidos e Genes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Laboratório de Células, Tecidos e Genes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L. Lamers
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia R. Wink
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo V. Worm
- Serviço de Neurocirurgia, Hospital São José, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Departamento de Cirurgia-Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anelise B. Araújo
- Laboratório de Células, Tecidos e Genes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Niels O. S. Câmara
- Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nils Ludwig
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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11
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Schippel N, Sharma S. Dynamics of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Differentiation to the Erythroid Lineage. Exp Hematol 2023:S0301-472X(23)00224-2. [PMID: 37172755 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis, the development of erythrocytes from hematopoietic stem cells, occurs through four phases: erythroid progenitor development, early erythropoiesis, terminal erythroid differentiation (TED), and maturation. According to the classical model that is based on immunophenotypic profiles of cell populations, each of these phases comprises multiple differentiation states that arise in a hierarchical manner. After segregation of lymphoid potential, erythroid priming begins during progenitor development and progresses through progenitor cell types that have multilineage potential. Complete separation of the erythroid lineage is achieved during early erythropoiesis with the formation of unipotent erythroid progenitors: burst forming unit-erythroid and colony forming unit-erythroid. These erythroid committed progenitors undergo TED and maturation, which involves expulsion of the nucleus and remodeling to form functional biconcave, hemoglobin-filled erythrocytes. In the last decade or so, many studies employing advanced techniques such as single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) as well as the conventional methods, including colony forming cell assays and immunophenotyping, have revealed heterogeneity within the stem, progenitor, and erythroblast stages, and uncovered alternate paths for segregation of erythroid lineage potential. In this review, we provide an in-depth account of immunophenotypic profiles of all cell types within erythropoiesis, highlight studies that demonstrate heterogeneous erythroid stages, and describe deviations to the classical model of erythropoiesis. Overall, although scRNA-seq approaches have provided new insights, flow cytometry remains relevant and is the primary method for validation of novel immunophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Schippel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004.
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12
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Poto R, Loffredo S, Marone G, Di Salvatore A, de Paulis A, Schroeder JT, Varricchi G. Basophils beyond allergic and parasitic diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190034. [PMID: 37205111 PMCID: PMC10185837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils bind IgE via FcεRI-αβγ2, which they uniquely share only with mast cells. In doing so, they can rapidly release mediators that are hallmark of allergic disease. This fundamental similarity, along with some morphological features shared by the two cell types, has long brought into question the biological significance that basophils mediate beyond that of mast cells. Unlike mast cells, which mature and reside in tissues, basophils are released into circulation from the bone marrow (constituting 1% of leukocytes), only to infiltrate tissues under specific inflammatory conditions. Evidence is emerging that basophils mediate non-redundant roles in allergic disease and, unsuspectingly, are implicated in a variety of other pathologies [e.g., myocardial infarction, autoimmunity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fibrosis, cancer, etc.]. Recent findings strengthen the notion that these cells mediate protection from parasitic infections, whereas related studies implicate basophils promoting wound healing. Central to these functions is the substantial evidence that human and mouse basophils are increasingly implicated as important sources of IL-4 and IL-13. Nonetheless, much remains unclear regarding the role of basophils in pathology vs. homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the dichotomous (protective and/or harmful) roles of basophils in a wide spectrum of non-allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Salvatore
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - John T. Schroeder
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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13
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Boman BM, Dinh TN, Decker K, Emerick B, Modarai S, Opdenaker L, Fields JZ, Raymond C, Schleiniger G. Beyond the Genetic Code: A Tissue Code?. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36945600 PMCID: PMC10028806 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.05.531161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The genetic code determines how the precise amino acid sequence of proteins is specified by genomic information in cells. But what specifies the precise histologic organization of cells in plant and animal tissues is unclear. We now hypothesize that another code, the tissue code , exists at an even higher level of complexity which determines how tissue organization is dynamically maintained. Accordingly, we modeled spatial and temporal asymmetries of cell division and established that five simple mathematical laws ("the tissue code") convey a set of biological rules that maintain the specific organization and continuous self-renewal dynamics of cells in tissues. These laws might even help us understand wound healing, and how tissue disorganization leads to birth defects and tissue pathology like cancer.
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14
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Li C, Virgilio MC, Collins KL, Welch JD. Multi-omic single-cell velocity models epigenome-transcriptome interactions and improves cell fate prediction. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:387-398. [PMID: 36229609 PMCID: PMC10246490 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multi-omic single-cell datasets, in which multiple molecular modalities are profiled within the same cell, offer an opportunity to understand the temporal relationship between epigenome and transcriptome. To realize this potential, we developed MultiVelo, a differential equation model of gene expression that extends the RNA velocity framework to incorporate epigenomic data. MultiVelo uses a probabilistic latent variable model to estimate the switch time and rate parameters of chromatin accessibility and gene expression and improves the accuracy of cell fate prediction compared to velocity estimates from RNA only. Application to multi-omic single-cell datasets from brain, skin and blood cells reveals two distinct classes of genes distinguished by whether chromatin closes before or after transcription ceases. We also find four types of cell states: two states in which epigenome and transcriptome are coupled and two distinct decoupled states. Finally, we identify time lags between transcription factor expression and binding site accessibility and between disease-associated SNP accessibility and expression of the linked genes. MultiVelo is available on PyPI, Bioconda and GitHub ( https://github.com/welch-lab/MultiVelo ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria C Virgilio
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen L Collins
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua D Welch
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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15
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Calzetti F, Finotti G, Cassatella MA. Current knowledge on the early stages of human neutropoiesis. Immunol Rev 2022; 314:111-124. [PMID: 36484356 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are no longer considered as a homogeneous population of terminally differentiated and short-lived cells that belong to the innate immune system only. In fact, data from the past decades have uncovered that neutrophils exhibit large phenotypic heterogeneity and functional versatility that render them more plastic than previously thought. Hence, their precise role as effector cells in inflammation, in immune response and in other pathophysiological processes, including tumors, needs to be better evaluated. In such a complex scenario, common knowledge of the differentiation of neutrophils in bone marrow refers to lineage precursors, starting from the still poorly defined myeloblasts, and proceeding sequentially to promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, band cells, segmented neutrophils, and mature neutrophils, with each progenitor stage being more mature and better characterized. Thanks to the development and utilization of cutting-edge technologies, novel information about neutrophil precursors at stages earlier than the promyelocytes, hence closer to the hematopoietic stem cells, is emerging. Accordingly, this review discusses the main findings related to the very early precursors of human neutrophils and provides our perspectives on human neutropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Calzetti
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Giulia Finotti
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Marco A. Cassatella
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology University of Verona Verona Italy
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16
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Derakhshan T, Boyce JA, Dwyer DF. Defining mast cell differentiation and heterogeneity through single-cell transcriptomics analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:739-747. [PMID: 36205448 PMCID: PMC9547083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are widely recognized as central effector cells during type 2 inflammatory reactions and thought to also play a role in innate immune responses, wound healing, and potentially cancer. Circulating progenitor cells mature to MCs in peripheral tissues, where they exhibit phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. This diversity likely originates from differences in MC development imprinted by microenvironmental signals. The advent of single-cell transcriptomics reveals MC diversity beyond differences in proteases that were classically used to identify MC phenotypes. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on MC progenitor differentiation and characteristics, and MC heterogeneity seen in health versus disease, that are drastically advanced through single-cell profiling technologies. This powerful approach can provide detailed cellular maps of tissues to decipher the complex cellular functions and interactions that may lead to identifying candidate factors to target in therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Derakhshan
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Daniel F Dwyer
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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17
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Vergez F, Largeaud L, Bertoli S, Nicolau ML, Rieu JB, Vergnolle I, Saland E, Sarry A, Tavitian S, Huguet F, Picard M, Vial JP, Lechevalier N, Bidet A, Dumas PY, Pigneux A, Luquet I, Mansat-De Mas V, Delabesse E, Carroll M, Danet-Desnoyers G, Sarry JE, Récher C. Phenotypically-defined stages of leukemia arrest predict main driver mutations subgroups, and outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:117. [PMID: 35973983 PMCID: PMC9381519 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Classifications of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients rely on morphologic, cytogenetic, and molecular features. Here we have established a novel flow cytometry-based immunophenotypic stratification showing that AML blasts are blocked at specific stages of differentiation where features of normal myelopoiesis are preserved. Six stages of leukemia differentiation-arrest categories based on CD34, CD117, CD13, CD33, MPO, and HLA-DR expression were identified in two independent cohorts of 2087 and 1209 AML patients. Hematopoietic stem cell/multipotent progenitor-like AMLs display low proliferation rate, inv(3) or RUNX1 mutations, and high leukemic stem cell frequency as well as poor outcome, whereas granulocyte-monocyte progenitor-like AMLs have CEBPA mutations, RUNX1-RUNX1T1 or CBFB-MYH11 translocations, lower leukemic stem cell frequency, higher chemosensitivity, and better outcome. NPM1 mutations correlate with most mature stages of leukemia arrest together with TET2 or IDH mutations in granulocyte progenitors-like AML or with DNMT3A mutations in monocyte progenitors-like AML. Overall, we demonstrate that AML is arrested at specific stages of myeloid differentiation (SLA classification) that significantly correlate with AML genetic lesions, clinical presentation, stem cell properties, chemosensitivity, response to therapy, and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Vergez
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France. .,Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. .,Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France. .,Stem Cell and Xenograft Core, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Laetitia Largeaud
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Bertoli
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Laure Nicolau
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rieu
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Inès Vergnolle
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Estelle Saland
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Sarry
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Suzanne Tavitian
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Huguet
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Picard
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Vial
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Nicolas Lechevalier
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Audrey Bidet
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Dumas
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Arnaud Pigneux
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Luquet
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Mansat-De Mas
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Delabesse
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Carroll
- Stem Cell and Xenograft Core, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gwenn Danet-Desnoyers
- Stem Cell and Xenograft Core, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Récher
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. .,Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR1037 INSERM, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France. .,Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France.
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18
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Calzetti F, Finotti G, Tamassia N, Bianchetto-Aguilera F, Castellucci M, Canè S, Lonardi S, Cavallini C, Matte A, Gasperini S, Signoretto I, Benedetti F, Bonifacio M, Vermi W, Ugel S, Bronte V, Tecchio C, Scapini P, Cassatella MA. CD66b -CD64 dimCD115 - cells in the human bone marrow represent neutrophil-committed progenitors. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:679-691. [PMID: 35484408 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the identification of human CD66b-CD64dimCD115- neutrophil-committed progenitor cells (NCPs) within the SSCloCD45dimCD34+ and CD34dim/- subsets in the bone marrow. NCPs were either CD45RA+ or CD45RA-, and in vitro experiments showed that CD45RA acquisition was not mandatory for their maturation process. NCPs exclusively generated human CD66b+ neutrophils in both in vitro differentiation and in vivo adoptive transfer experiments. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis indicated NCPs fell into four clusters, characterized by different maturation stages and distributed along two differentiation routes. One of the clusters was characterized by an interferon-stimulated gene signature, consistent with the reported expansion of peripheral mature neutrophil subsets that express interferon-stimulated genes in diseased individuals. Finally, comparison of transcriptomic and phenotypic profiles indicated NCPs represented earlier neutrophil precursors than the previously described early neutrophil progenitors (eNePs), proNeus and COVID-19 proNeus. Altogether, our data shed light on the very early phases of neutrophil ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Calzetti
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Finotti
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Tamassia
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefania Canè
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavallini
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Medical Research, Research Center LURM, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Matte
- Section of Internal Medicine B, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Gasperini
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Signoretto
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Benedetti
- Section of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonifacio
- Section of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Tecchio
- Section of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Scapini
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco A Cassatella
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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19
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Raftopoulou S, Valadez-Cosmes P, Mihalic ZN, Schicho R, Kargl J. Tumor-Mediated Neutrophil Polarization and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063218. [PMID: 35328639 PMCID: PMC8951452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are immune cells with reported phenotypic and functional plasticity. Tumor-associated neutrophils display many roles during cancer progression. Several tumor microenvironment (TME)-derived factors orchestrate neutrophil release from the bone marrow, recruitment and functional polarization, while simultaneously neutrophils are active stimulators of the TME by secreting factors that affect immune interactions and subsequently tumor progression. Successful immunotherapies for many cancer types and stages depend on the targeting of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Neutrophils impact the success of immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade therapies, by displaying lymphocyte suppressive properties. The identification and characterization of distinct neutrophil subpopulations or polarization states with pro- and antitumor phenotypes and the identification of the major TME-derived factors of neutrophil polarization would allow us to harness the full potential of neutrophils as complementary targets in anticancer precision therapies.
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20
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Venglar O, Bago JR, Motais B, Hajek R, Jelinek T. Natural Killer Cells in the Malignant Niche of Multiple Myeloma. Front Immunol 2022; 12:816499. [PMID: 35087536 PMCID: PMC8787055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.816499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells represent a subset of CD3- CD7+ CD56+/dim lymphocytes with cytotoxic and suppressor activity against virus-infected cells and cancer cells. The overall potential of NK cells has brought them to the spotlight of targeted immunotherapy in solid and hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). Nonetheless, NK cells are subjected to a variety of cancer defense mechanisms, leading to impaired maturation, chemotaxis, target recognition, and killing. This review aims to summarize the available and most current knowledge about cancer-related impairment of NK cell function occurring in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Venglar
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia.,Hematooncology Clinic, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Julio Rodriguez Bago
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia.,Hematooncology Clinic, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Benjamin Motais
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Roman Hajek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia.,Hematooncology Clinic, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Tomas Jelinek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia.,Hematooncology Clinic, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
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21
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Georgolopoulos G, Psatha N, Iwata M, Nishida A, Som T, Yiangou M, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Vierstra J. Discrete regulatory modules instruct hematopoietic lineage commitment and differentiation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6790. [PMID: 34815405 PMCID: PMC8611072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage commitment and differentiation is driven by the concerted action of master transcriptional regulators at their target chromatin sites. Multiple efforts have characterized the key transcription factors (TFs) that determine the various hematopoietic lineages. However, the temporal interactions between individual TFs and their chromatin targets during differentiation and how these interactions dictate lineage commitment remains poorly understood. Here we perform dense, daily, temporal profiling of chromatin accessibility (DNase I-seq) and gene expression changes (total RNA-seq) along ex vivo human erythropoiesis to comprehensively define developmentally regulated DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) and transcripts. We link both distal DHSs to their target gene promoters and individual TFs to their target DHSs, revealing that the regulatory landscape is organized in distinct sequential regulatory modules that regulate lineage restriction and maturation. Finally, direct comparison of transcriptional dynamics (bulk and single-cell) and lineage potential between erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis uncovers differential fate commitment dynamics between the two lineages as they exit the stem and progenitor stage. Collectively, these data provide insights into the temporally regulated synergy of the cis- and the trans-regulatory components underlying hematopoietic lineage commitment and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Georgolopoulos
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Mineo Iwata
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Nishida
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tannishtha Som
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Minas Yiangou
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John A Stamatoyannopoulos
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeff Vierstra
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.
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22
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Abstract
The β common chain (βc) cytokine family includes granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3) and IL-5, all of which use βc as key signaling receptor subunit. GM-CSF, IL-3 and IL-5 have specific roles as hematopoietic growth factors. IL-3 binds with high affinity to the IL-3 receptor α (IL-3Rα/CD123) and then associates with the βc subunit. IL-3 is mainly synthesized by different subsets of T cells, but is also produced by several other immune [basophils, dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells, etc.] and non-immune cells (microglia and astrocytes). The IL-3Rα is also expressed by immune (basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, DCs, monocytes, and megacaryocytes) and non-immune cells (endothelial cells and neuronal cells). IL-3 is the most important growth and activating factor for human and mouse basophils, primary effector cells of allergic disorders. IL-3-activated basophils and mast cells are also involved in different chronic inflammatory disorders, infections, and several types of cancer. IL-3 induces the release of cytokines (i.e., IL-4, IL-13, CXCL8) from human basophils and preincubation of basophils with IL-3 potentiates the release of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines from IgE- and C5a-activated basophils. IL-3 synergistically potentiates IL-33-induced mediator release from human basophils. IL-3 plays a pathogenic role in several hematologic cancers and may contribute to autoimmune and cardiac disorders. Several IL-3Rα/CD123 targeting molecules have shown some efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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23
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Lin YJ, Wei KC, Chen PY, Lim M, Hwang TL. Roles of Neutrophils in Glioma and Brain Metastases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701383. [PMID: 34484197 PMCID: PMC8411705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, which are the most abundant circulating leukocytes in humans, are the first line of defense against bacterial and fungal infections. Recent studies have reported the role and importance of neutrophils in cancers. Glioma and brain metastases are the most common malignant tumors of the brain. The tumor microenvironment (TME) in the brain is complex and unique owing to the brain-blood barrier or brain-tumor barrier, which may prevent drug penetration and decrease the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, there are limited studies on the correlation between brain cancer and neutrophils. This review discusses the origin and functions of neutrophils. Additionally, the current knowledge on the correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and prognosis of glioma and brain metastases has been summarized. Furthermore, the implications of tumor-associated neutrophil (TAN) phenotypes and the functions of TANs have been discussed. Finally, the potential effects of various treatments on TANs and the ability of neutrophils to function as a nanocarrier of drugs to the brain TME have been summarized. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the complex interactions between neutrophils, other immune cells, and brain tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jui Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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24
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The stem cell revolution: on the role of CD164 as a human stem cell marker. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:33. [PMID: 34103536 PMCID: PMC8187384 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately defining hierarchical relationships between human stem cells and their progeny, and using this knowledge for new cellular therapies, will undoubtedly lead to further successful treatments for life threatening and chronic diseases, which represent substantial burdens on patient quality of life and to healthcare systems globally. Clinical translation relies in part on appropriate biomarker, in vitro manipulation and transplantation strategies. CD164 has recently been cited as an important biomarker for enriching both human haematopoietic and skeletal stem cells, yet a thorough description of extant human CD164 monoclonal antibody (Mab) characteristics, which are critical for identifying and purifying these stem cells, was not discussed in these articles. Here, we highlight earlier but crucial research describing these relevant characteristics, including the differing human CD164 Mab avidities and their binding sites on the human CD164 sialomucin, which importantly may affect subsequent stem cell function and fate.
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25
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Miyake K, Shibata S, Yoshikawa S, Karasuyama H. Basophils and their effector molecules in allergic disorders. Allergy 2021; 76:1693-1706. [PMID: 33205439 DOI: 10.1111/all.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Basophils are the rarest granulocytes which represent <1% of peripheral blood leukocytes. Basophils bear several phenotypic similarities to tissue-resident mast cells and therefore had been erroneously considered as blood-circulating mast cells. However, recent researches have revealed that basophils play nonredundant roles in allergic inflammation, protective immunity against parasitic infections and regulation of innate and acquired immunity. Basophils are recruited to inflamed tissues and activated in an IgE-dependent or IgE-independent manner to release a variety of effector molecules. Such molecules, including IL-4, act on various types of cells and play versatile roles, including the induction and termination of allergic inflammation and the regulation of immune responses. Recent development of novel therapeutic agents has enabled us to gain further insights into basophil biology in human disorders. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the field of basophil biology with a particular focus on the role of basophils in allergic inflammation. Further studies on basophils and their effector molecules will help us identify novel therapeutic targets for treating allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Miyake
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity Laboratory TMDU Advanced Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Sho Shibata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Cell Physiology Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama University Okayama Japan
| | - Hajime Karasuyama
- Inflammation, Infection and Immunity Laboratory TMDU Advanced Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
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26
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Aloe C, Wang H, Vlahos R, Irving L, Steinfort D, Bozinovski S. Emerging and multifaceted role of neutrophils in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2806-2818. [PMID: 34295679 PMCID: PMC8264329 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that cigarette smoking is a shared risk factor for lung cancer and the debilitating lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As the severity of COPD increases, so does the risk for developing lung cancer, independently of pack years smoked. Neutrophilic inflammation increases with COPD severity and anti-inflammatories such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can modulate neutrophil function and cancer risk. This review discusses the biology of tumour associated neutrophils (TANs) in lung cancer, which increase in density with tumour progression, particularly in smokers with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is now increasingly recognized that neutrophils are responsive to the tumour microenvironment (TME) and polarize into distinct phenotypes that operate in an anti- (N1) or pro-tumorigenic (N2) manner. Intriguingly, the emergence of the pro-tumorigenic N2 phenotype increases with tumour growth, to suggest that cancer cells and the surrounding stroma can re-educate neutrophils. The neutrophil itself is a potent source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), arginase, proteases and cytokines that paradoxically can exert a potent immunosuppressive effect on lymphocytes including cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). Indeed, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a systemic biomarker that is elevated in lung cancer patients and prognostic for poor survival outcomes. Herein, we review the molecular mechanisms by which neutrophil derived mediators can suppress CTL function. Selective therapeutic strategies designed to suppress pathogenic neutrophils in NSCLC may cooperate with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) to increase CTL killing of cancer cells in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Aloe
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louis Irving
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Steinfort
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Do Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance and Immune System Development Share Common Epigenetic Processes? J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9020020. [PMID: 34065783 PMCID: PMC8162332 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression for development, immune response, disease, and other processes. A major role of epigenetics is to control the dynamics of chromatin structure, i.e., the condensed packaging of DNA around histone proteins in eukaryotic nuclei. Key epigenetic factors include enzymes for histone modifications and DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and prions. Epigenetic modifications are heritable but during embryonic development, most parental epigenetic marks are erased and reset. Interestingly, some epigenetic modifications, that may be resulting from immune response to stimuli, can escape remodeling and transmit to subsequent generations who are not exposed to those stimuli. This phenomenon is called transgenerational epigenetic inheritance if the epigenetic phenotype persists beyond the third generation in female germlines and second generation in male germlines. Although its primary function is likely immune response for survival, its role in the development and functioning of the immune system is not extensively explored, despite studies reporting transgenerational inheritance of stress-induced epigenetic modifications resulting in immune disorders. Hence, this review draws from studies on transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, immune system development and function, high-throughput epigenetics tools to study those phenomena, and relevant clinical trials, to focus on their significance and deeper understanding for future research, therapeutic developments, and various applications.
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28
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Serrano-Lopez J, Hegde S, Kumar S, Serrano J, Fang J, Wellendorf AM, Roche PA, Rangel Y, Carrington LJ, Geiger H, Grimes HL, Luther S, Maillard I, Sanchez-Garcia J, Starczynowski DT, Cancelas JA. Inflammation rapidly recruits mammalian GMP and MDP from bone marrow into regional lymphatics. eLife 2021; 10:e66190. [PMID: 33830019 PMCID: PMC8137144 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cellular effectors are actively consumed during systemic inflammation, but the systemic traffic and the mechanisms that support their replenishment remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that acute systemic inflammation induces the emergent activation of a previously unrecognized system of rapid migration of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors and committed macrophage-dendritic progenitors, but not other progenitors or stem cells, from bone marrow (BM) to regional lymphatic capillaries. The progenitor traffic to the systemic lymphatic circulation is mediated by Ccl19/Ccr7 and is NF-κB independent, Traf6/IκB-kinase/SNAP23 activation dependent, and is responsible for the secretion of pre-stored Ccl19 by a subpopulation of CD205+/CD172a+ conventional dendritic cells type 2 and upregulation of BM myeloid progenitor Ccr7 signaling. Mature myeloid Traf6 signaling is anti-inflammatory and necessary for lymph node myeloid cell development. This report unveils the existence and the mechanistic basis of a very early direct traffic of myeloid progenitors from BM to lymphatics during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Serrano-Lopez
- Divisions of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Shailaja Hegde
- Divisions of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Divisions of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Josefina Serrano
- Hematology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital/Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Jing Fang
- Divisions of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Ashley M Wellendorf
- Divisions of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Paul A Roche
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteBethesdaUnited States
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Yamileth Rangel
- Hematology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital/Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | | | - Hartmut Geiger
- Divisions of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Sanjiv Luther
- Center for Immunity and Infection, Department of Biochemistry, University of LausanneEpalingesSwitzerland
| | - Ivan Maillard
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Joaquin Sanchez-Garcia
- Hematology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital/Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Daniel T Starczynowski
- Divisions of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of CincinnatiCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Jose A Cancelas
- Divisions of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
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29
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Bone marrow-derived myeloid progenitors as driver mutation carriers in high- and low-risk Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Blood 2021; 136:2188-2199. [PMID: 32750121 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a myeloid neoplasia, driven by sporadic activating mutations in the MAPK pathway. The misguided myeloid dendritic cell (DC) model proposes that high-risk, multisystem, risk-organ-positive (MS-RO+) LCH results from driver mutation in a bone marrow (BM)-resident multipotent hematopoietic progenitor, while low-risk, MS-RO- and single-system LCH would result from driver mutation in a circulating or tissue-resident, DC-committed precursor. We have examined the CD34+c-Kit+Flt3+ myeloid progenitor population as potential mutation carrier in all LCH disease manifestations. This population contains oligopotent progenitors of monocytes (Mo's)/macrophages (MΦs), osteoclasts (OCs), and DCs. CD34+c-Kit+Flt3+ cells from BM of MS-RO+ LCH patients produced Langerhans cell (LC)-like cells in vitro. Both LC-like and DC offspring from this progenitor carried the BRAF mutation, confirming their common origin. In both high- and low-risk LCH patients, CD34+c-Kit+Flt3+ progenitor frequency in blood was higher than in healthy donors. In one MS-RO+ LCH patient, CD34+c-Kit+Flt3+ cell frequency in blood and its BRAF-mutated offspring reported response to chemotherapy. CD34+c-Kit+Flt3+ progenitors from blood of both high- and low-risk LCH patients gave rise to DCs and LC-like cells in vitro, but the driver mutation was not easily detectable, likely due to low frequency of mutated progenitors. Mutant BRAF alleles were found in Mo's /MΦs, DCs, LC-like cells, and/or OC-like cells in lesions and/or Mo and DCs in blood of multiple low-risk patients. We therefore hypothesize that in both high- and low-risk LCH, the driver mutation is present in a BM-resident myeloid progenitor that can be mobilized to the blood.
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30
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Mukaida N, Tanabe Y, Baba T. Cancer non-stem cells as a potent regulator of tumor microenvironment: a lesson from chronic myeloid leukemia. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:7. [PMID: 35006395 PMCID: PMC8607377 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A limited subset of human leukemia cells has a self-renewal capacity and can propagate leukemia upon their transplantation into animals, and therefore, are named as leukemia stem cells, in the early 1990’s. Subsequently, cell subpopulations with similar characteristics were detected in various kinds of solid cancers and were denoted as cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are presently presumed to be crucially involved in malignant progression of solid cancer: chemoresitance, radioresistance, immune evasion, and metastasis. On the contrary, less attention has been paid to cancer non-stem cell population, which comprise most cancer cells in cancer tissues, due to the lack of suitable markers to discriminate cancer non-stem cells from cancer stem cells. Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells generate a larger number of morphologically distinct non-stem cells. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates that poor prognosis is associated with the increases in these non-stem cells including basophils and megakaryocytes. We will discuss the potential roles of cancer non-stem cells in fostering tumor microenvironment, by illustrating the roles of chronic myeloid leukemia non-stem cells including basophils and megakaryocytes in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia, a typical malignant disorder arising from leukemic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Yamato Tanabe
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Baba
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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31
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De Decker M, Lavaert M, Roels J, Tilleman L, Vandekerckhove B, Leclercq G, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Van Vlierberghe P, Taghon T. HES1 and HES4 have non-redundant roles downstream of Notch during early human T-cell development. Haematologica 2021; 106:130-141. [PMID: 31919081 PMCID: PMC7776241 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.226126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In both mouse and human, Notch1 activation is the main initial driver to induce T-cell development in hematopoietic progenitor cells. The initiation of this developmental process coincides with Notch1-dependent repression of differentiation towards other hematopoietic lineages. Although well described in mice, the role of the individual Notch1 target genes during these hematopoietic developmental choices is still unclear in human, particularly for HES4 since no orthologous gene is present in the mouse. Here, we investigated the functional capacity of the Notch1 target genes HES1 and HES4 to modulate human Notch1-dependent hematopoietic lineage decisions and their requirement during early T-cell development. We show that both genes are upregulated in a Notch-dependent manner during early T-cell development and that HES1 acts as a repressor of differentiation by maintaining a quiescent stem cell signature in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. While HES4 can also inhibit natural killer and myeloid cell development like HES1, it acts differently on the T- versus B-cell lineage choice. Surprisingly, HES4 is not capable of repressing B-cell development, the most sensitive hematopoietic lineage with respect to Notch-mediated repression. In contrast to HES1, HES4 promotes initiation of early T-cell development, but ectopic expression of HES4, or HES1 and HES4 combined, is not sufficient to induce T-lineage differentiation. Importantly, knockdown of HES1 or HES4 significantly reduces human T-cell development. Overall, we show that the Notch1 target genes HES1 and HES4 have non-redundant roles during early human T-cell development which may relate to differences in mediating Notch-dependent human hematopoietic lineage decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marieke Lavaert
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juliette Roels
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and of Bimolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurentijn Tilleman
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG),Dept of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG),Dept of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Dept of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Tom Taghon
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG),Dept of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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32
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Vivanco Gonzalez N, Oliveria JP, Tebaykin D, Ivison GT, Mukai K, Tsai MM, Borges L, Nadeau KC, Galli SJ, Tsai AG, Bendall SC. Mass Cytometry Phenotyping of Human Granulocytes Reveals Novel Basophil Functional Heterogeneity. iScience 2020; 23:101724. [PMID: 33205028 PMCID: PMC7653073 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils, the rarest granulocyte, play critical roles in parasite- and allergen-induced inflammation. We applied mass cytometry (CyTOF) to simultaneously asses 44 proteins to phenotype and functionally characterize neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils from 19 healthy donors. There was minimal heterogeneity seen in eosinophils and neutrophils, but data-driven analyses revealed four unique subpopulations within phenotypically basophilic granulocytes (PBG; CD45+HLA-DR−CD123+). Through CyTOF and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), we classified these four PBG subpopulations as (I) CD16lowFcεRIhighCD244high (88.5 ± 1.2%), (II) CD16highFcεRIhighCD244high (9.1 ± 0.4%), (III) CD16lowFcεRIlowCD244low (2.3 ± 1.3), and (IV) CD16highFcεRIlowCD244low (0.4 ± 0.1%). Prospective isolation confirmed basophilic-morphology of PBG I–III, but neutrophilic-morphology of PBG IV. Functional interrogation via IgE-crosslinking or IL-3 stimulation demonstrated that PBG I–II had significant increases in CD203c expression, whereas PBG III–IV remained unchanged compared with media-alone conditions. Thus, PBG III–IV could serve roles in non-IgE-mediated immunity. Our findings offer new perspectives in human basophil heterogeneity and the varying functional potential of these new subsets in health and disease. Unsupervised clustering revealed 4 basophil populations, driven by CD16, CD244, and FcεRI The rarest basophil subpopulation IV was morphologically neutrophils Anti-IgE and IL-3 stimulation did not induce functional responses in III and IV Basophil subpopulation heterogeneity was observed in healthy and CML samples
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Vivanco Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford Blood Center, 3373 Hillview Avenue Room 230A, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - John-Paul Oliveria
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford Blood Center, 3373 Hillview Avenue Room 230A, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S4K1, Canada
| | - Dmitry Tebaykin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford Blood Center, 3373 Hillview Avenue Room 230A, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Geoffrey T. Ivison
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford Blood Center, 3373 Hillview Avenue Room 230A, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kaori Mukai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford Blood Center, 3373 Hillview Avenue Room 230A, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mindy M. Tsai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford Blood Center, 3373 Hillview Avenue Room 230A, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Luciene Borges
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford Blood Center, 3373 Hillview Avenue Room 230A, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen J. Galli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford Blood Center, 3373 Hillview Avenue Room 230A, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Albert G. Tsai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford Blood Center, 3373 Hillview Avenue Room 230A, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sean C. Bendall
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford Blood Center, 3373 Hillview Avenue Room 230A, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
- Corresponding author
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33
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Liggett LA, Sankaran VG. Unraveling Hematopoiesis through the Lens of Genomics. Cell 2020; 182:1384-1400. [PMID: 32946781 PMCID: PMC7508400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis has long served as a paradigm of stem cell biology and tissue homeostasis. In the past decade, the genomics revolution has ushered in powerful new methods for investigating the hematopoietic system that have provided transformative insights into its biology. As part of the advances in genomics, increasingly accurate deep sequencing and novel methods of cell tracking have revealed hematopoiesis to be more of a continuous and less of a discrete and punctuated process than originally envisioned. In part, this continuous nature of hematopoiesis is made possible by the emergent outcomes of vast, interconnected regulatory networks that influence cell fates and lineage commitment. It is also becoming clear how these mechanisms are modulated by genetic variation present throughout the population. This review describes how these recently uncovered complexities are reshaping our concept of tissue development and homeostasis while opening up a more comprehensive future understanding of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alexander Liggett
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Radtke S, Pande D, Cui M, Perez AM, Chan YY, Enstrom M, Schmuck S, Berger A, Eunson T, Adair JE, Kiem HP. Purification of Human CD34 +CD90 + HSCs Reduces Target Cell Population and Improves Lentiviral Transduction for Gene Therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:679-691. [PMID: 32802914 PMCID: PMC7424231 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy has the potential to cure many genetic, malignant, and infectious diseases. We have shown in a nonhuman primate gene therapy and transplantation model that the CD34+CD90+ cell fraction was exclusively responsible for multilineage engraftment and hematopoietic reconstitution. In this study, we show the translational potential of this HSC-enriched CD34 subset for lentivirus-mediated gene therapy. Alternative HSC enrichment strategies include the purification of CD133+ cells or CD38low/– subsets of CD34+ cells from human blood products. We directly compared these strategies to the isolation of CD90+ cells using a good manufacturing practice (GMP) grade flow-sorting protocol with clinical applicability. We show that CD90+ cell selection results in about 30-fold fewer target cells in comparison to CD133+ or CD38low/– CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) subsets without compromising the engraftment potential in vivo. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed nearly complete depletion of lineage-committed progenitor cells in CD90+ fractions compared to alternative selections. Importantly, lentiviral transduction efficiency in purified CD90+ cells resulted in up to 3-fold higher levels of engrafted gene-modified blood cells. These studies should have important implications for the manufacturing of patient-specific HSC gene therapy and gene-engineered cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Radtke
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dnyanada Pande
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Margaret Cui
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anai M Perez
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yan-Yi Chan
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mark Enstrom
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Stefanie Schmuck
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrew Berger
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tom Eunson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jennifer E Adair
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Abstract
Neutrophils are critical to innate immunity, including host defense against bacterial and fungal infections. They achieve their host defense role by phagocytosing pathogens, secreting their granules full of cytotoxic enzymes, or expelling neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) during the process of NETosis. NETs are weblike DNA structures decorated with histones and antimicrobial proteins released by activated neutrophils. Initially described as a means for neutrophils to neutralize pathogens, NET release also occurs in sterile inflammation, promotes thrombosis, and can mediate tissue damage. To effectively manipulate this double-edged sword to fight a particular disease, researchers must work toward understanding the mechanisms driving NETosis. Such understanding would allow the generation of new drugs to promote or prevent NETosis as needed. While knowledge regarding the (patho)physiological roles of NETosis is accumulating, little is known about the cellular and biophysical bases of this process. In this review, we describe and discuss our current knowledge of the molecular, cellular, and biophysical mechanisms mediating NET release as well as open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa Racine Thiam
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; ,
| | - Siu Ling Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; ,
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36
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Loughran SJ, Haas S, Wilkinson AC, Klein AM, Brand M. Lineage commitment of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors: insights from recent single cell and lineage tracing technologies. Exp Hematol 2020; 88:1-6. [PMID: 32653531 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Blood production is essential to maintain human health, and even small perturbations in hematopoiesis can cause disease. Hematopoiesis has therefore been the focus of much research for many years. Experiments determining the lineage potentials of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vitro and after transplantation revealed a hierarchy of progenitor cell states, where differentiating cells undergo lineage commitment-a series of irreversible changes that progressively restrict their potential. New technologies have recently been developed that allow for a more detailed analysis of the molecular states and fates of differentiating HSPCs. Proteomic and lineage-tracing approaches, alongside single-cell transcriptomic analyses, have recently helped to reveal the biological complexity underlying lineage commitment during hematopoiesis. Recent insights from these new technologies were presented by Dr. Marjorie Brand and Dr. Allon Klein in the Summer 2019 ISEH Webinar, and are discussed in this Perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Loughran
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon Haas
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine and Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, DKFZ German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam C Wilkinson
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Allon M Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marjorie Brand
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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37
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Haas S. Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Health and Disease—Insights from Single-Cell Multi-omic Approaches. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-020-00174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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Tertel T, Görgens A, Giebel B. Analysis of individual extracellular vesicles by imaging flow cytometry. Methods Enzymol 2020; 645:55-78. [PMID: 33565978 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Virtually all cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into their environment, such as exosomes and microvesicles. EVs can mediate intercellular communication processes in a targeted manner. Representing their cell of origin, EVs contain cell type specific signatures, qualifying them as a novel class of biomarkers. Furthermore, according to their tropism to certain target cells, EVs provide promising aspects to be used as drug delivery vehicles. Depending on their origin, certain EVs contain the potential to modulate physiological and pathophysiological processes. Although the EV field provides many interesting aspects, the methodology in EV research is limited. For now, EVs are mainly analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis and bulk molecular analysis, regularly Western Blot. These technologies cannot dissect the heterogeneity of EVs observed by electron microscopy (EM). Although EM technologies help to demonstrate the heterogeneity within EV samples, EM technologies are not appropriate to perform more complex and quantitative EV analyses. Flow cytometry (FCM) is a traditional method for dissecting the heterogeneity of given cell populations in a quantitative and complex manner. However, classical FCM regularly fails to detect objects in the size range of small EVs (sEVs) that typically is in the range between 70 and 150nm. Recently, we and others demonstrated the potential of imaging FCM for the analyses of small EVs at the single vesicle level. Here, at the example of sEVs harvested from supernatants of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), we share a protocol for studying the expression of the tetraspanins CD9, CD63 and CD81 on single EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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39
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Drissen R, Thongjuea S, Theilgaard-Mönch K, Nerlov C. Identification of two distinct pathways of human myelopoiesis. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/35/eaau7148. [PMID: 31126997 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau7148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human myelopoiesis has been proposed to occur through oligopotent common myeloid progenitor (CMP) and lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor (LMPP) populations. However, other studies have proposed direct commitment of multipotent cells to unilineage fates, without specific intermediary lineage cosegregation patterns. We here show that distinct human myeloid progenitor populations generate the neutrophil/monocyte and mast cell/basophil/eosinophil lineages as previously shown in mouse. Moreover, we find that neutrophil/monocyte potential selectively cosegregates with lymphoid lineage and mast cell/basophil/eosinophil potentials with megakaryocyte/erythroid potential early during lineage commitment. Furthermore, after this initial commitment step, mast cell/basophil/eosinophil and megakaryocyte/erythroid potentials colocalize at the single-cell level in restricted oligopotent progenitors. These results show that human myeloid lineages are generated through two distinct cellular pathways defined by complementary oligopotent cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Drissen
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Supat Thongjuea
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kim Theilgaard-Mönch
- Department of Hematology and Finsen Laboratory, National University Hospital, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and Program for Translational Hematology - The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Nerlov
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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40
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Dampmann M, Görgens A, Möllmann M, Murke F, Dührsen U, Giebel B, Dürig J. CpG stimulation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induces a polarized cell shape and promotes migration in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228674. [PMID: 32040489 PMCID: PMC7010256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to accomplish their physiological functions leukocytes have the capability to migrate. As a prerequisite they need to adopt a polarized cell shape, forming a leading edge at the front and a uropod at rear pole. In this study we explored the capability of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells to adopt this leukocyte-specific migration phenotype. Furthermore, we studied the impact of the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists CpGs type A, B and C and the antagonist oligodesoxynucleotide (ODN) INH-18 on the cell polarization and migration process of primary human CLL cells. Upon cultivation, a portion of purified CLL cells adopted polarized cell shapes spontaneously (range 10–38%). Stimulation with CpG ODNs type B (ODN 2006) and CpGs type C (ODN 2395) significantly increased the frequency of morphologically polarized CLL cells, while ODN INH-18 was hardly able to act antagonistically. Like in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, in morphologically polarized CLL cells CXCR4 was redistributed to the leading edge and CD50 to the uropod. Coupled to the increased frequencies of morphologically polarized cells, CpGs type B and C stimulated CLL cells showed higher migration activities in vitro and following intravenous injection higher homing frequencies to the bone marrow of immunocompromised NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice. Thus, presumably independent of TLR-9 signaling, CpGs type B and C promote the cellular polarization process of CLL cells and their ability to migrate in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dampmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Möllmann
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Murke
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail: (JD); (BG)
| | - Jan Dürig
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josef Hospital, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail: (JD); (BG)
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41
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Németh T, Sperandio M, Mócsai A. Neutrophils as emerging therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:253-275. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Beghini A. Core Binding Factor Leukemia: Chromatin Remodeling Moves Towards Oncogenic Transcription. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1973. [PMID: 31817911 PMCID: PMC6966602 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common acute leukemia in adults, is a heterogeneous malignant clonal disorder arising from multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells characterized by genetic and concerted epigenetic aberrations. Core binding factor-Leukemia (CBFL) is characterized by the recurrent reciprocal translocations t(8;21)(q22;q22) or inv(16)(p13;q22) that, expressing the distinctive RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (also known as Acute myeloid leukemia1-eight twenty-one, AML1-ETO or RUNX1/ETO) or CBFB-MYH11 (also known as CBFβ-ΣMMHX) translocation product respectively, disrupt the essential hematopoietic function of the CBF. In the past decade, remarkable progress has been achieved in understanding the structure, three-dimensional (3D) chromosomal topology, and disease-inducing genetic and epigenetic abnormalities of the fusion proteins that arise from disruption of the CBF subunit alpha and beta genes. Although CBFLs have a relatively good prognosis compared to other leukemia subtypes, 40-50% of patients still relapse, requiring intensive chemotherapy and allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). To provide a rationale for the CBFL-associated altered hematopoietic development, in this review, we summarize the current understanding on the various molecular mechanisms, including dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling as an early event that triggers the translocations, playing a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of CBFL. Translation of these findings into the clinical setting is just beginning by improvement in risk stratification, MRD assessment, and development of targeted therapies.
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43
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Ye Y, Gao L, Zhang S. MSTD: an efficient method for detecting multi-scale topological domains from symmetric and asymmetric 3D genomic maps. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:e65. [PMID: 30941409 PMCID: PMC6582338 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromosome conformation capture (3C) technique and its variants have been employed to reveal the existence of a hierarchy of structures in three-dimensional (3D) chromosomal architecture, including compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), sub-TADs and chromatin loops. However, existing methods for domain detection were only designed based on symmetric Hi-C maps, ignoring long-range interaction structures between domains. To this end, we proposed a generic and efficient method to identify multi-scale topological domains (MSTD), including cis- and trans-interacting regions, from a variety of 3D genomic datasets. We first applied MSTD to detect promoter-anchored interaction domains (PADs) from promoter capture Hi-C datasets across 17 primary blood cell types. The boundaries of PADs are significantly enriched with one or the combination of multiple epigenetic factors. Moreover, PADs between functionally similar cell types are significantly conserved in terms of domain regions and expression states. Cell type-specific PADs involve in distinct cell type-specific activities and regulatory events by dynamic interactions within them. We also employed MSTD to define multi-scale domains from typical symmetric Hi-C datasets and illustrated its distinct superiority to the-state-of-art methods in terms of accuracy, flexibility and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Ye
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Gao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- NCMIS, CEMS, RCSDS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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44
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Radtke S, Humbert O, Kiem HP. Mouse models in hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy and genome editing. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 174:113692. [PMID: 31705854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has become an important treatment option for a variety of hematological diseases. The biggest advances have been made with CAR T cells and many of those studies are now FDA approved as a routine treatment for some hematologic malignancies. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy is not far behind with treatment approvals granted for beta-hemoglobinopathies and adenosine deaminase severe combined immune deficiency (ADA-SCID), and additional approbations currently being sought. With the current pace of research, the significant investment of biotech companies, and the continuously growing toolbox of viral as well as non-viral gene delivery methods, the development of new ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy approaches is at an all-time high. Research in the field of gene therapy has been ongoing for more than 4 decades with big success stories as well as devastating drawbacks along the way. In particular, the damaging effect of uncontrolled viral vector integration observed in the initial gene therapy applications in the 90s led to a more comprehensive upfront safety assessment of treatment strategies. Since the late 90s, an important read-out to comprehensively assess the quality and safety of cell products has come forward with the mouse xenograft model. Here, we review the use of mouse models across the different stages of basic, pre-clinical and translational research towards the clinical application of HSC-mediated gene therapy and editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Radtke
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Olivier Humbert
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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45
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Hsu CC, Chen YJ, Huang CE, Wu YY, Wang MC, Pei SN, Liao CK, Lu CH, Chen PT, Tsou HY, Li CP, Chuang WH, Chuang CK, Yang CY, Lai YH, Lin YH, Chen CC. Molecular heterogeneity unravelled by single-cell transcriptomics in patients with essential thrombocythaemia. Br J Haematol 2019; 188:707-722. [PMID: 31610612 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significant phenotypic heterogeneity exists in patients with all subtypes of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), including essential thrombocythaemia (ET). Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) holds the promise of unravelling the biology of MPN at an unprecedented level of resolution. Herein we employed this approach to dissect the transcriptomes in the CD34+ cells from the peripheral blood of seven previously untreated ET patients and one healthy adult. The mutational profiles in these patients were as follows: JAK2 V617F in two, CALR in three (one type I and two type II) and triple-negative (TN) in two. Our results reveal substantial heterogeneity within this enrolled cohort of patients. Activation of JAK/STAT signalling was recognized in discrepant progenitor lineages among different samples. Significantly disparate molecular profiling was identified in the comparison between ET patients and the control, between patients with different driver mutations (JAK2 V617F and CALR exon 9 indel), and even between patients harbouring the same driver. Intra-individual clonal diversity was also found in the CD34+ progenitor population of a patient, possibly indicating the presence of multiple clones in this case. Estimation of subpopulation size based on cellular immunophenotyping suggested differentiation bias in all analysed samples. Furthermore, combining the transcriptomic information with data from targeted sequencing enabled us to unravel key somatic mutations that are molecularly relevant. To conclude, we demonstrated that scRNA-Seq extended our knowledge of clonal diversity and inter-individual heterogeneity in patients with ET. The obtained information could potentially leapfrog our efforts in the elucidation of the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Hsu
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Chen
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cih-En Huang
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Wu
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Wang
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Nan Pei
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Liao
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsien Lu
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Tsung Chen
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Tsou
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Pei Li
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsuan Chuang
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Yu Yang
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Lai
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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46
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Human multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cell expansion is neither supported in endothelial and endothelial/mesenchymal co-cultures nor in NSG mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12914. [PMID: 31501490 PMCID: PMC6733927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial and mesenchymal stromal cells (ECs/MSCs) are crucial components of hematopoietic bone marrow stem cell niches. Both cell types appear to be required to support the maintenance and expansion of multipotent hematopoietic cells, i.e. hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitors (MPPs). With the aim to exploit niche cell properties for experimental and potential clinical applications, we analyzed the potential of primary ECs alone and in combination with MSCs to support the ex vivo expansion/maintenance of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Even though a massive expansion of total CD34+ HSPCs was observed, none of the tested culture conditions supported the expansion or maintenance of multipotent HSPCs. Instead, mainly lympho-myeloid primed progenitors (LMPPs) were expanded. Similarly, following transplantation into immunocompromised mice the percentage of multipotent HSPCs within the engrafted HSPC population was significantly decreased compared to the original graft. Consistent with the in vitro findings, a bias towards lympho-myeloid lineage potentials was observed. In our conditions, neither classical co-cultures of HSPCs with primary ECs or MSCs, even in combination, nor the xenograft environment in immunocompromised mice efficiently support the expansion of multipotent HSPCs. Instead, enhanced expansion and a consistent bias towards lympho-myeloid committed LMPPs were observed.
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47
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Kordelas L, Görgens A, Radtke S, Horn PA, Beelen DW, Giebel B. Allogeneic transplantation of peripheral blood stem cell grafts results in a massive decrease of primitive hematopoietic progenitor frequencies in reconstituted bone marrows. Bone Marrow Transplant 2019; 55:100-109. [PMID: 31435034 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is indicated by the reconstitution of the peripheral blood system of patients after alloSCT and the engraftment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) into their bone marrow (BM). The number of CD34+ cells is commonly used as surrogate for the content of hematopoietic stem cells in the grafts. During the last decade, several antigens (including CD133, CD45RA, CD38, and CD10) were identified allowing discrimination of different HSPC subpopulations within the human CD34+ cell compartment. Although such studies increased our understanding of early human hematopoiesis tremendously, hardly any study dissected the CD34+ compartment in the alloSCT setting. Consequently, we comprehensively analyzed the CD34+ compartment in G-CSF-stimulated peripheral blood stem cell grafts of allogeneic donors, in BM samples of the respective recipients 4 weeks after alloSCT, and in BM samples of healthy donors. We demonstrate that alloSCT is associated with a dramatic shift from primitive to more mature HSPC types. Upon investigating whether the composition of engrafted CD34+ cells has any impact on the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease, we did not find any correlation. However, more detailed analyses of the CD34+ compartment may elucidate associations with other transplantation-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambros Kordelas
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - André Görgens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Radtke
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dietrich W Beelen
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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48
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Georgolopoulos G, Iwata M, Psatha N, Yiangou M, Vierstra J. Unbiased phenotypic identification of functionally distinct hematopoietic progenitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:4. [PMID: 31360678 PMCID: PMC6639971 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-019-0097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Hematopoiesis is a model-system for studying cellular development and differentiation. Phenotypic and functional characterization of hematopoietic progenitors has significantly aided our understanding of the mechanisms that govern fate choice, lineage specification and maturity. Methods for progenitor isolation have historically relied on complex flow-cytometric strategies based on nested, arbitrary gates within defined panels of immunophenotypic markers. The resulted populations are then functionally assessed, although functional homogeneity or absolute linkage between function and phenotype is not always achieved, thus distorting our view on progenitor biology. Method In this study, we present a protocol for unbiased phenotypic identification and functional characterization which combines index sorting and clonogenic assessment of individual progenitor cells. Single-cells are plated into custom media allowing multiple hematopoietic fates to emerge and are allowed to give rise to unilineage colonies or mixed. After colony identification, lineage potential is assigned to each progenitor and finally the indexed phenotype of the initial cell is recalled and a phenotype is assigned to each functional output. Conclusions Our approach overcomes the limitations of the current protocols expanding beyond the established cell-surface marker panels and abolishing the need for nested gating. Using this method we were able to resolve the relationships of myeloid progenitors according to the revised model of hematopoiesis, as well as identify a novel marker for erythroid progenitors. Finally, this protocol can be applied to the characterization of any progenitor cell with measurable function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40709-019-0097-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Georgolopoulos
- 1Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA 98121 USA.,2Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mineo Iwata
- 1Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
| | - Nikoletta Psatha
- 1Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
| | - Minas Yiangou
- 2Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jeff Vierstra
- 1Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA 98121 USA
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49
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A comprehensive single cell transcriptional landscape of human hematopoietic progenitors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2395. [PMID: 31160568 PMCID: PMC6546699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor cells (HSPCs) are endowed with the role of maintaining a diverse pool of blood cells throughout the human life. Despite recent efforts, the nature of the early cell fate decisions remains contentious. Using single-cell RNA-Seq, we show that existing approaches to stratify bone marrow CD34+ cells reveal a hierarchically-structured transcriptional landscape of hematopoietic differentiation. Still, this landscape misses important early fate decisions. We here provide a broader transcriptional profiling of bone marrow lineage negative hematopoietic progenitors that recovers a key missing branchpoint into basophils and expands our understanding of the underlying structure of early adult human haematopoiesis. We also show that this map has strong similarities in topology and gene expression to that found in mouse. Finally, we identify the sialomucin CD164, as a reliable marker for the earliest branches of HSPCs specification and we showed how its use can foster the design of alternative transplantation cell products. Human Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are commonly defined by CD34 expression. Here, the authors map single-cell RNA states both inside and outside the CD34 compartment, uncovering previously unappreciated branchpoints and validating CD164 as an efficient marker for early HSPCs.
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50
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Single-cell analysis reveals the KIT D816V mutation in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in systemic mastocytosis. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:150-158. [PMID: 30975542 PMCID: PMC6557764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a haematological disease characterised by organ infiltration by neoplastic mast cells. Almost all SM patients have a mutation in the gene encoding the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT causing a D816V substitution and autoactivation of the receptor. Mast cells and CD34+ haematopoietic progenitors can carry the mutation; however, in which progenitor cell subset the mutation arises is unknown. We aimed to investigate the distribution of the D816V mutation in single mast cells and single haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Methods Fluorescence-activated single-cell index sorting and KIT D816V mutation assessment were applied to analyse mast cells and >10,000 CD34+ bone marrow progenitors across 10 haematopoietic progenitor subsets. In vitro assays verified cell-forming potential. Findings We found that in SM 60–99% of the mast cells harboured the KIT D816V mutation. Despite increased frequencies of mast cells in SM patients compared with control subjects, the haematopoietic progenitor subset frequencies were comparable. Nevertheless, the mutation could be detected throughout the haematopoietic landscape of SM patients, from haematopoietic stem cells to more lineage-primed progenitors. In addition, we demonstrate that FcεRI+ bone marrow progenitors exhibit mast cell-forming potential, and we describe aberrant CD45RA expression on SM mast cells for the first time. Interpretation The KIT D816V mutation arises in early haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and the mutation frequency is approaching 100% in mature mast cells, which express the aberrant marker CD45RA.
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