1
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Sengupta K, Dillard P, Limozin L. Morphodynamics of T-lymphocytes: Scanning to spreading. Biophys J 2024; 123:2224-2233. [PMID: 38425041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Binding of the T cell receptor complex to its ligand, the subsequent molecular rearrangement, and the concomitant cell-scale shape changes represent the very first steps of adaptive immune recognition. The first minutes of the interaction of T cells and antigen presenting cells have been extensively scrutinized; yet, gaps remain in our understanding of how the biophysical properties of the environment may impact the sequence of events. In particular, many pioneering experiments were done on immobilized ligands and gave major insights into the process of T cell activation, whereas later experiments have indicated that ligand mobility was of paramount importance, especially to enable the formation of T cell receptor clusters. Systematic experiments to compare and reconcile the two schools are still lacking. Furthermore, recent investigations using compliant substrates have elucidated other intriguing aspects of T cell mechanics. Here we review experiments on interaction of T cells with planar artificial antigen presenting cells to explore the impact of mechanics on adhesion and actin morphodynamics during the spreading process. We enumerate a sequence tracing first contact to final spread state that is consistent with current understanding. Finally, we interpret the presented experimental results in light of a mechanical model that captures all the different morphodynamic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheya Sengupta
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - Pierre Dillard
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, LAI, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Limozin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, LAI, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
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2
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Takito J, Nonaka N. Osteoclasts at Bone Remodeling: Order from Order. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:227-256. [PMID: 37996681 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone-resorbing cells derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The macrophage colony-stimulating factor/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (M-CSF/RANKL) signaling network governs the differentiation of precursor cells into fusion-competent mononucleated cells. Repetitive fusion of fusion-competent cells produces multinucleated osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are believed to die via apoptosis after bone resorption. However, recent studies have found that osteoclastogenesis in vivo proceeds by replacing the old nucleus of existing osteoclasts with a single newly differentiated mononucleated cell. Thus, the formation of new osteoclasts is minimal. Furthermore, the sizes of osteoclasts can change via cell fusion and fission in response to external conditions. On the other hand, osteoclastogenesis in vitro involves various levels of heterogeneity, including osteoclast precursors, mode of fusion, and properties of the differentiated osteoclasts. To better understand the origin of these heterogeneities and the plasticity of osteoclasts, we examine several processes of osteoclastogenesis in this review. Candidate mechanisms that create heterogeneity involve asymmetric cell division, osteoclast niche, self-organization, and mode of fusion and fission. Elucidation of the plasticity or fluctuation of the M-CSF/RANKL network should be an important topic for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Takito
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naoko Nonaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Linder S, Barcelona B. Get a grip: Podosomes as potential players in phagocytosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151356. [PMID: 37625234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes have been known for several decades as micron-sized, F-actin-rich structures that play a pivotal role in cell migration and invasion, as they are able to mediate both cell-matrix attachment as well as extracellular matrix degradation. Particularly in monocytic cells, podosomes have been shown to fulfill a variety of additional functions such as sensing of substrate rigidity and topography, or cell-cell fusion. Increasing evidence now points to the involvement of podosome-like structures also during phagocytosis by immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Here, we compare the different cell models and experimental set ups where "phagocytic podosomes" have been described. We also discuss the composition and architecture of these structures, their potential involvement in mechanosensing and particle disruption, as well as the pros and cons for addressing them as bona fide podosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Bryan Barcelona
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Jeong H, Kim D, Montagne K, Ushida T, Furukawa KS. Differentiation-inducing effect of osteoclast microgrooves for the purpose of three-dimensional design of regenerated bone. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:174-184. [PMID: 37392936 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
In vivo bone remodeling is promoted by the balance between osteoclast and osteoblast activity. Conventional research on bone regeneration has mainly focused on increasing osteoblast activity, with limited studies on the effects of scaffold topography on cell differentiation. Here, we examined the effect of microgroove-patterned substrate with spacings ranging from 1 to 10 μm on the differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived osteoclast precursors. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and relative gene expression quantification showed that osteoclast differentiation was enhanced in substrate with 1 µm microgroove spacing compared with that in the other groups. Additionally, the ratio of podosome maturation stages in substrate with 1 μm microgroove spacing exhibited a distinct pattern, which was characterized by an increase in the ratio of belts and rings and a decrease in that of clusters. However, myosin II abolished the effects of topography on osteoclast differentiation. Overall, these showed that the reduction of myosin II tension in the podosome core by an integrin vertical vector increased podosome stability and promoted osteoclast differentiation in substrates with 1 μm microgroove spacing, including that microgroove design plays an important role in scaffolds for bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Reduction of myosin II tension in the podosome core, facilitated by an integrin vertical vector, resulted in an enhanced osteoclast differentiation, concomitant with an increase in podosome stability within 1-μm-spaced microgrooves. These findings are anticipated to serve as valuable indicators for the regulation of osteoclast differentiation through the manipulation of biomaterial surface topography in tissue engineering. Furthermore, this study contributes to the lucidation of the underlying mechanisms governing cellular differentiation by providing insights into the impact of the microtopographical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heonuk Jeong
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dain Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kevin Montagne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ushida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko S Furukawa
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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Xing F, Dong H, Yang J, Fan C, Hou M, Zhang P, Hu F, Zhou J, Chen L, Pan L, Xu J. Mesenchymal Migration on Adhesive-Nonadhesive Alternate Surfaces in Macrophages. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301337. [PMID: 37211690 PMCID: PMC10427406 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal migration usually happens on adhesive substrates, while cells adopt amoeboid migration on low/nonadhesive surfaces. Protein-repelling reagents, e.g., poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG), are routinely employed to resist cell adhering and migrating. Contrary to these perceptions, this work discovers a unique locomotion of macrophages on adhesive-nonadhesive alternate substrates in vitro that they can overcome nonadhesive PEG gaps to reach adhesive regions in the mesenchymal mode. Adhering to extracellular matrix regions is a prerequisite for macrophages to perform further locomotion on the PEG regions. Podosomes are found highly enriched on the PEG region in macrophages and support their migration across the nonadhesive regions. Increasing podosome density through myosin IIA inhibition facilitates cell motility on adhesive-nonadhesive alternate substrates. Moreover, a developed cellular Potts model reproduces this mesenchymal migration. These findings together uncover a new migratory behavior on adhesive-nonadhesive alternate substrates in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hao Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianyu Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chunhui Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengdi Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fen Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Center for Life Sciences, School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Leiting Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China
| | - Jingjun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics of Education Ministry, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nankai University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China
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6
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Chinnathambi S, Das R. Microglia degrade Tau oligomers deposit via purinergic P2Y12-associated podosome and filopodia formation and induce chemotaxis. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:95. [PMID: 37221563 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tau protein forms neurofibrillary tangles and becomes deposited in the brain during Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau oligomers are the most reactive species, mediating neurotoxic and inflammatory activity. Microglia are the immune cells in the central nervous system, sense the extracellular Tau via various cell surface receptors. Purinergic P2Y12 receptor can directly interact with Tau oligomers and mediates microglial chemotaxis via actin remodeling. The disease-associated microglia are associated with impaired migration and express a reduced level of P2Y12, but elevate the level of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Here, we studied the formation and organization of various actin microstructures such as-podosome, filopodia and uropod in colocalization with actin nucleator protein Arp2 and scaffold protein TKS5 in Tau-induced microglia by fluorescence microscopy. Further, the relevance of P2Y12 signaling either by activation or blockage was studied in terms of actin structure formations and Tau deposits degradation by N9 microglia. Extracellular Tau oligomers facilitate the microglial migration via Arp2-associated podosome and filopodia formation through the involvement of P2Y12 signaling. Similarly, Tau oligomers induce the TKS5-associated podosome clustering in microglial lamella in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, the P2Y12 was evidenced to localize with F-actin-rich podosome and filopodia during Tau-deposit degradation. The blockage of P2Y12 signaling resulted in decreased microglial migration and Tau-deposit degradation. CONCLUSIONS The P2Y12 signaling mediate the formation of migratory actin structures like- podosome and filopodia to exhibit chemotaxis and degrade Tau deposit. These beneficial roles of P2Y12 in microglial chemotaxis, actin network remodeling and Tau clearance can be intervened as a therapeutic target in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India.
| | - Rashmi Das
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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7
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Linder S, Cervero P, Eddy R, Condeelis J. Mechanisms and roles of podosomes and invadopodia. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:86-106. [PMID: 36104625 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell invasion into the surrounding extracellular matrix or across tissue boundaries and endothelial barriers occurs in both physiological and pathological scenarios such as immune surveillance or cancer metastasis. Podosomes and invadopodia, collectively called 'invadosomes', are actin-based structures that drive the proteolytic invasion of cells, by forming highly regulated platforms for the localized release of lytic enzymes that degrade the matrix. Recent advances in high-resolution microscopy techniques, in vivo imaging and high-throughput analyses have led to considerable progress in understanding mechanisms of invadosomes, revealing the intricate inner architecture of these structures, as well as their growing repertoire of functions that extends well beyond matrix degradation. In this Review, we discuss the known functions, architecture and regulatory mechanisms of podosomes and invadopodia. In particular, we describe the molecular mechanisms of localized actin turnover and microtubule-based cargo delivery, with a special focus on matrix-lytic enzymes that enable proteolytic invasion. Finally, we point out topics that should become important in the invadosome field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Pasquale Cervero
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Eddy
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Condeelis
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Lin X, Krishnamoorthy P, Walker EC, Joshi H, Morley SC. Expression of non-phosphorylatable S5A-L-plastin exerts phenotypes distinct from L-plastin deficiency during podosome formation and phagocytosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1020091. [PMID: 37138794 PMCID: PMC10150066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The actin cytoskeleton remodels to enable diverse processes essential to immunity, such as cell adhesion, migration and phagocytosis. A panoply of actin-binding proteins regulate these rapid rearrangements to induce actin-based shape changes and to generate force. L-plastin (LPL) is a leukocyte-specific, actin-bundling protein that is regulated in part by phosphorylation of the Ser-5 residue. LPL deficiency in macrophages impairs motility, but not phagocytosis; we recently found that expression of LPL in which the S5 residue is converted to a non-phosphorylatable alanine (S5A-LPL) resulted in diminished phagocytosis, but unimpaired motility. Methods: To provide mechanistic insight into these findings, we now compare the formation of podosomes (an adhesive structure) and phagosomes in alveolar macrophages derived from wild-type (WT), LPL-deficient, or S5A-LPL mice. Both podosomes and phagosomes require rapid remodeling of actin, and both are force-transmitting. Actin rearrangement, force generation, and signaling rely upon recruitment of many actin-binding proteins, including the adaptor protein vinculin and the integrin-associated kinase Pyk2. Prior work suggested that vinculin localization to podosomes was independent of LPL, while Pyk2 was displaced by LPL deficiency. We therefore chose to compare vinculin and Pyk2 co-localization with F-actin at sites of adhesion of phagocytosis in AMs derived from WT, S5A-LPL or LPL-/- mice, using Airyscan confocal microscopy. Results: As described previously, podosome stability was significantly disrupted by LPL deficiency. In contrast, LPL was dispensable for phagocytosis and was not recruited to phagosomes. Recruitment of vinculin to sites of phagocytosis was significantly enhanced in cells lacking LPL. Expression of S5A-LPL impeded phagocytosis, with reduced appearance of ingested bacteria-vinculin aggregates. Discussion: Our systematic analysis of the regulation of LPL during podosome vs. phagosome formation illuminates essential remodeling of actin during key immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Praveen Krishnamoorthy
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Emma C. Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hemant Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sharon Celeste Morley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Sharon Celeste Morley,
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9
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Miyazako H, Hoshino T. Rapid pattern formation in model cell membranes when using an electron beam. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Swiatlowska P, Sit B, Feng Z, Marhuenda E, Xanthis I, Zingaro S, Ward M, Zhou X, Xiao Q, Shanahan C, Jones GE, Yu CH, Iskratsch T. Pressure and stiffness sensing together regulate vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm3471. [PMID: 35427166 PMCID: PMC9012473 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm3471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a central role in the progression of atherosclerosis, where they switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. Because of their role as risk factors for atherosclerosis, we sought here to systematically study the impact of matrix stiffness and (hemodynamic) pressure on VSMCs. Thereby, we find that pressure and stiffness individually affect the VSMC phenotype. However, only the combination of hypertensive pressure and matrix compliance, and as such mechanical stimuli that are prevalent during atherosclerosis, leads to a full phenotypic switch including the formation of matrix-degrading podosomes. We further analyze the molecular mechanism in stiffness and pressure sensing and identify a regulation through different but overlapping pathways culminating in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton through cofilin. Together, our data show how different pathological mechanical signals combined but through distinct pathways accelerate a phenotypic switch that will ultimately contribute to atherosclerotic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Swiatlowska
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Brian Sit
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Emilie Marhuenda
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ioannis Xanthis
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Simona Zingaro
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Ward
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xinmiao Zhou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Cathy Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gareth E. Jones
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Cheng-han Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
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11
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Weber K, Hey S, Cervero P, Linder S. The circle of life: Phases of podosome formation, turnover and reemergence. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151218. [PMID: 35334303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are highly dynamic actin-rich structures in a variety of cell types, especially monocytic cells. They fulfill multiple functions such as adhesion, mechanosensing, or extracellular matrix degradation, thus allowing cells to detect and respond to a changing environment. These abilities are based on an intricate architecture that enables podosomes to sense mechanical properties of their substratum and to transduce them intracellularly in order to generate an appropriate cellular response. These processes are enabled through the tightly orchestrated interplay of more than 300 different components that are dynamically recruited during podosome formation and turnover. In this review, we discuss the different phases of the podosome life cycle and the current knowledge on regulatory factors that impact on the genesis, activity, dissolution and reemergence of podosomes. We also highlight mechanoregulatory processes that become important during these different stages, on the level of individual podosomes, and also at podosome sub- and superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Weber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Hey
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pasquale Cervero
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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12
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Pal K, Tu Y, Wang X. Single-Molecule Force Imaging Reveals That Podosome Formation Requires No Extracellular Integrin-Ligand Tensions or Interactions. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2481-2493. [PMID: 35073043 PMCID: PMC9129048 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Podosomes are integrin-mediated cell adhesion units involved in many cellular and physiological processes. Integrins likely transmit tensions critical for podosome functions, but such force remains poorly characterized. DNA-based tension sensors are powerful in visualizing integrin tensions but subject to degradation by podosomes which ubiquitously recruit DNase. Here, using a DNase-resistant tension sensor based on a DNA/PNA (peptide nucleic acid) duplex, we imaged podosomal integrin tensions (PIT) in the adhesion rings of podosomes on solid substrates with single molecular tension sensitivity. PIT was shown to be generated by both actomyosin contractility and actin polymerization in podosomes. Importantly, by monitoring PIT and podosome structure in parallel, we showed that extracellular integrin-ligand tensions, despite being critical for the formation of focal adhesions, are dispensable for podosome formation, as PIT reduction or elimination has an insignificant impact on structure formation and FAK (focal adhesion kinase) phosphorylation in podosomes. We further verified that even integrin-ligand interaction is dispensable for podosome formation, as macrophages form podosomes normally on passivated surfaces that block integrin-ligand interaction but support macrophage adhesion through electrostatic adsorption or Fc receptor-immunoglobin G interaction. In contrast, focal adhesions are unable to form on these passivated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Pal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology interdepartmental program, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. Xuefeng Wang, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
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13
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Gaertner F, Reis-Rodrigues P, de Vries I, Hons M, Aguilera J, Riedl M, Leithner A, Tasciyan S, Kopf A, Merrin J, Zheden V, Kaufmann WA, Hauschild R, Sixt M. WASp triggers mechanosensitive actin patches to facilitate immune cell migration in dense tissues. Dev Cell 2022; 57:47-62.e9. [PMID: 34919802 PMCID: PMC8751638 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
When crawling through the body, leukocytes often traverse tissues that are densely packed with extracellular matrix and other cells, and this raises the question: How do leukocytes overcome compressive mechanical loads? Here, we show that the actin cortex of leukocytes is mechanoresponsive and that this responsiveness requires neither force sensing via the nucleus nor adhesive interactions with a substrate. Upon global compression of the cell body as well as local indentation of the plasma membrane, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) assembles into dot-like structures, providing activation platforms for Arp2/3 nucleated actin patches. These patches locally push against the external load, which can be obstructing collagen fibers or other cells, and thereby create space to facilitate forward locomotion. We show in vitro and in vivo that this WASp function is rate limiting for ameboid leukocyte migration in dense but not in loose environments and is required for trafficking through diverse tissues such as skin and lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gaertner
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | | | - Ingrid de Vries
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Miroslav Hons
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Aguilera
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Michael Riedl
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Leithner
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Saren Tasciyan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Aglaja Kopf
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jack Merrin
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Vanessa Zheden
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Robert Hauschild
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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14
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Abdellatef S, Fakhoury I, Al Haddad M, Jaafar L, Maalouf H, Hanna S, Khalil B, El Masri Z, Hodgson L, El-Sibai M. StarD13 negatively regulates invadopodia formation and invasion in high-grade serous (HGS) ovarian adenocarcinoma cells by inhibiting Cdc42. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151197. [PMID: 34958986 PMCID: PMC8756770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains the main challenge to overcome for treating ovarian cancers. In this study, we investigate the potential role of the Cdc42 GAP StarD13 in the modulation of cell motility, invasion in ovarian cancer cells. StarD13 depletion does not affect the 2D motility of ovarian cancer cells. More importantly, StarD13 inhibits matrix degradation, invadopodia formation and cell invasion through the inhibition of Cdc42. StarD13 does not localize to mature TKS4-labeled invadopodia that possess matrix degradation ability, while a Cdc42 FRET biosensor, detects Cdc42 activation in these invadopodia. In fact, StarD13 localization and Cdc42 activation appear mutually exclusive in invadopodial structures. Finally, for the first time we uncover a potential role of Cdc42 in the direct recruitment of TKS4 to invadopodia. This study emphasizes the specific role of StarD13 as a narrow spatial regulator of Cdc42, inhibiting invasion, suggesting the suitability of StarD13 for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Abdellatef
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Isabelle Fakhoury
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria Al Haddad
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leila Jaafar
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba Maalouf
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samer Hanna
- Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology division, Weill Cornell Medicine, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Bassem Khalil
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zeinab El Masri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Park, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mirvat El-Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon,Correspondence to: Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box: 13-5053, Chouran 1102 2801, Beirut, Lebanon. (M. El-Sibai)
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15
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Mariano A, Lubrano C, Bruno U, Ausilio C, Dinger NB, Santoro F. Advances in Cell-Conductive Polymer Biointerfaces and Role of the Plasma Membrane. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4552-4580. [PMID: 34582168 PMCID: PMC8874911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The plasma membrane
(PM) is often described as a wall, a physical
barrier separating the cell cytoplasm from the extracellular matrix
(ECM). Yet, this wall is a highly dynamic structure that can stretch,
bend, and bud, allowing cells to respond and adapt to their surrounding
environment. Inspired by shapes and geometries found in the biological
world and exploiting the intrinsic properties of conductive polymers
(CPs), several biomimetic strategies based on substrate dimensionality
have been tailored in order to optimize the cell–chip coupling.
Furthermore, device biofunctionalization through the use of ECM proteins
or lipid bilayers have proven successful approaches to further maximize
interfacial interactions. As the bio-electronic field aims at narrowing
the gap between the electronic and the biological world, the possibility
of effectively disguising conductive materials to “trick”
cells to recognize artificial devices as part of their biological
environment is a promising approach on the road to the seamless platform
integration with cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mariano
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Lubrano
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Bruno
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Ausilio
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Nikita Bhupesh Dinger
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
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16
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Amer M, Shi L, Wolfenson H. The 'Yin and Yang' of Cancer Cell Growth and Mechanosensing. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4754. [PMID: 34638240 PMCID: PMC8507527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer, two unique and seemingly contradictory behaviors are evident: on the one hand, tumors are typically stiffer than the tissues in which they grow, and this high stiffness promotes their malignant progression; on the other hand, cancer cells are anchorage-independent-namely, they can survive and grow in soft environments that do not support cell attachment. How can these two features be consolidated? Recent findings on the mechanisms by which cells test the mechanical properties of their environment provide insight into the role of aberrant mechanosensing in cancer progression. In this review article, we focus on the role of high stiffness on cancer progression, with particular emphasis on tumor growth; we discuss the mechanisms of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction, and their dysregulation in cancerous cells; and we propose that a 'yin and yang' type phenomenon exists in the mechanobiology of cancer, whereby a switch in the type of interaction with the extracellular matrix dictates the outcome of the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Amer
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Lidan Shi
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
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17
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Rivier P, Mubalama M, Destaing O. Small GTPases all over invadosomes. Small GTPases 2021; 12:429-439. [PMID: 33487105 PMCID: PMC8583085 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1877081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell invasion is associated with numerous patho-physiologic states including cell development and metastatic dissemination. This process couples the activation of cell motility with the capacity to degrade the extracellular matrix, thereby permitting cells to pass through basal membranes. Invasion is sustained by the actions of invadosomes, an ensemble of subcellular structures with high functional homology. Invadosomes are 3D acto-adhesive structures that can also mediate local extracellular matrix degradation through the controlled delivery of proteases. Intracellular RHO GTPases play a central role in the regulation of invadosomes where their complex interplay regulates multiple invadosome functions. This review aims to provide an overview of the synergistic activities of the small GTPases in invadosome biology. This broad-based review also reinforces the importance of the spatiotemporal regulation of small GTPases and the impact of this process on invadosome dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rivier
- Team DYSAD, Dept2, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Mubalama
- Team DYSAD, Dept2, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- Team DYSAD, Dept2, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble, France
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18
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Lin SS, Su YA, Chuang MC, Liu YW. Probing invadosomes: technologies for the analysis of invadosomes. FEBS J 2021; 289:5850-5863. [PMID: 34196119 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Invadosomes are protrusive and mechanosensitive actin devices critical for cell migration, invasion, and extracellular matrix remodeling. The dynamic, proteolytic, and protrusive natures of invadosomes have made these structures fascinating and attracted many scientists to develop new technologies for their analysis. With these exciting methodologies, many biochemical and biophysical properties of invadosomes have been well characterized and appreciated, and those discoveries elegantly explained the biological and pathological effects of invadosomes in human health and diseases. In this review, we focus on these commonly used or newly developed methods for invadosome analysis and effort to reason some discrepancies among those assays. Finally, we explore the opposite regulatory mechanisms among invadosomes and focal adhesions, another actin-rich adhesive structures, and speculate a potential rule for their switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-An Su
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Yuan W, Wang H, Fang C, Yang Y, Xia X, Yang B, Lin Y, Li G, Bian L. Microscopic local stiffening in a supramolecular hydrogel network expedites stem cell mechanosensing in 3D and bone regeneration. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1722-1734. [PMID: 34846502 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00244a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic hydrogels cross-linked by weak and reversible physical interactions enhance the 3-dimensional (3D) spreading and mechanosensing abilities of encapsulated cells in a matrix. However, the highly dynamic nature of these physical cross-links also results in low mechanical stiffness in the hydrogel network and high tether compliance of the cell adhesion motifs attached to the network. The resulting low force feedback of the soft hydrogel network impedes the efficient activation of mechanotransduction signalling in the encapsulated cells. Herein, we demonstrate that the chemical incorporation of acryloyl nanoparticle-based cross-linkers creates regionally stiff network structures in the dynamic supramolecular hydrogels without compromising the dynamic properties of the cell-adaptable inter-nanoparticle hydrogel network. The obtained dynamic hydrogels with a heterogeneous hydrogel network topology expedite the development of adhesion structures, 3D spreading, and mechanosensing of the encapsulated stem cells, as evidenced by the upregulated expression of key biomarkers such as vinculin, FAK, and YAP. This enhanced spreading and mechanotransduction promotes the osteogenic differentiation of the encapsulated stem cells. In contrast, doping with physically entrapped nanoparticles or molecular cross-linkers (PEGDA) cannot locally reinforce the dynamic hydrogel network and therefore fails to facilitate cell mechanosensing or differentiation in the 3D hydrogels. We further show that the dynamic hydrogels with a locally stiffened network promote the in situ regeneration of bone defects in an animal model. Our findings provide valuable insights into the design of the supramolecular dynamic hydrogels with biomimetic hierarchical biomechanical structures as the optimized carrier material for stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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20
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Glazier R, Shinde P, Ogasawara H, Salaita K. Spectroscopic Analysis of a Library of DNA Tension Probes for Mapping Cellular Forces at Fluid Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2145-2164. [PMID: 33417432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based probes offer the highest spatial resolution, force sensitivity, and molecular specificity for cellular tension sensing and have been developed to measure a variety of molecular forces mediated by individual receptors in T cells, platelets, fibroblasts, B-cells, and immortalized cancer cell lines. These fluorophore-oligonucleotide conjugate probes are designed with a stem-loop structure that engages cell receptors and reversibly unfolds due to mechanical strain. With the growth of recent work bridging molecular mechanobiology and biomaterials, there is a need for a detailed spectroscopic analysis of DNA tension probes that are used for cellular imaging. In this manuscript, we conducted an analysis of 19 DNA hairpin-based tension probe variants using molecular dynamics simulations, absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence imaging (epifluorescence and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy). We find that tension probes are highly sensitive to their molecular design, including donor and acceptor proximity and pairing, DNA stem-loop structure, and conjugation chemistry. We demonstrate the impact of these design features using a supported lipid bilayer model of podosome-like adhesions. Finally, we discuss the requirements for tension imaging in various biophysical contexts and offer a series of experimental recommendations, thus providing a guide for the design and application of DNA hairpin-based molecular tension probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Glazier
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Pushkar Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hiroaki Ogasawara
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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21
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Missirlis D, Haraszti T, Heckmann L, Spatz JP. Substrate Resistance to Traction Forces Controls Fibroblast Polarization. Biophys J 2020; 119:2558-2572. [PMID: 33217384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanics of fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix regulate cell physiology in a number of diseases, prompting efforts to elucidate cell mechanosensing mechanisms at the molecular and cellular scale. Here, the use of fibronectin-functionalized silicone elastomers that exhibit considerable frequency dependence in viscoelastic properties unveiled the presence of two cellular processes that respond discreetly to substrate mechanical properties. Weakly cross-linked elastomers supported efficient focal adhesion maturation and fibroblast spreading because of an apparent stiff surface layer. However, they did not enable cytoskeletal and fibroblast polarization; elastomers with high cross-linking and low deformability were required for polarization. Our results suggest as an underlying reason for this behavior the inability of soft elastomer substrates to resist traction forces rather than a lack of sufficient traction force generation. Accordingly, mild inhibition of actomyosin contractility rescued fibroblast polarization even on the softer elastomers. Our findings demonstrate differential dependence of substrate physical properties on distinct mechanosensitive processes and provide a premise to reconcile previously proposed local and global models of cell mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Missirlis
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Aachen, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara Heckmann
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Yamaguchi S, Takasaki Y, Yamahira S, Nagamune T. Photo-Cleavable Peptide-Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Conjugate Surfaces for Light-Guided Control of Cell Adhesion. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E762. [PMID: 32784375 PMCID: PMC7465029 DOI: 10.3390/mi11080762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Photo-responsive cell attachment surfaces can simplify patterning and recovery of cells in microdevices for medicinal and pharmaceutical research. We developed a photo-responsive surface for controlling the attachment and release of adherent cells on a substrate under light-guidance. The surface comprises a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based photocleavable material that can conjugate with cell-adhesive peptides. Surface-bound peptides were released by photocleavage in the light-exposed region, where the cell attachment was subsequently suppressed by the exposed PEG. Simultaneously, cells selectively adhered to the peptide surface at the unexposed microscale region. After culture, the adhered and spread cells were released by exposure to a light with nontoxic dose level. Thus, the present surface can easily create both cell-adhesive and non-cell-adhesive regions on the substrate by single irradiation of the light pattern, and the adhered cells were selectively released from the light-exposed region on the cell micropattern without damage. This study shows that the photo-responsive surface can serve as a facile platform for the remote-control of patterning and recovery of adherent cells in microdevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Hon-cho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yumi Takasaki
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamahira
- Center for Medical Sciences, St. Luke’s International University, 3-6-2 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nagamune
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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23
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Jaumouillé V, Waterman CM. Physical Constraints and Forces Involved in Phagocytosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1097. [PMID: 32595635 PMCID: PMC7304309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a specialized process that enables cellular ingestion and clearance of microbes, dead cells and tissue debris that are too large for other endocytic routes. As such, it is an essential component of tissue homeostasis and the innate immune response, and also provides a link to the adaptive immune response. However, ingestion of large particulate materials represents a monumental task for phagocytic cells. It requires profound reorganization of the cell morphology around the target in a controlled manner, which is limited by biophysical constraints. Experimental and theoretical studies have identified critical aspects associated with the interconnected biophysical properties of the receptors, the membrane, and the actin cytoskeleton that can determine the success of large particle internalization. In this review, we will discuss the major physical constraints involved in the formation of a phagosome. Focusing on two of the most-studied types of phagocytic receptors, the Fcγ receptors and the complement receptor 3 (αMβ2 integrin), we will describe the complex molecular mechanisms employed by phagocytes to overcome these physical constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Jaumouillé
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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24
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Zhou Y, Feng Z, Cao F, Liu X, Xia X, Yu CH. Abl-mediated PI3K activation regulates macrophage podosome formation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs234385. [PMID: 32393599 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes play crucial roles in macrophage adhesion and migration. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP; also known as WAS)-mediated actin polymerization is one of the key events initiating podosome formation. Nevertheless, membrane signals to trigger WASP activation at macrophage podosomes remain unclear. Here, we show that phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] lipids are enriched at the podosome and stably recruit WASP rather than the WASP-5KE mutant. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit β (PIK3CB) is spatially located at the podosome core. Inhibition of PIK3CB and overexpression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) impede F-actin polymerization of the podosome. PIK3CB activation is regulated by Abl1 and Src family kinases. At the podosome core, Src and Hck promote the phosphorylation of Tyr488 in the consensus Y-x-x-M motif of Abl1, which enables the association of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) regulatory subunits. Knockdown of Abl1 rather than Abl2 suppresses the PI3K/Akt pathway, regardless of Src and Hck activities. Reintroduction of wild-type Abl1 rather than the Abl1-Y488F mutant rescues PI3KR1 recruitment and PI3K activation. When PIK3CB, Abl1 or Src/Hck is suppressed, macrophage podosome formation, matrix degradation and chemotactic migration are inhibited. Thus, Src/Hck-mediated phosphorylation of Abl1 Tyr488 triggers PIK3CB-dependent PI(3,4,5)P3 production and orchestrates the assembly and function of macrophage podosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fakun Cao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaojie Xia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng-Han Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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25
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Membrane dynamics in cell migration. Essays Biochem 2020; 63:469-482. [PMID: 31350382 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Migration of cells is required in multiple tissue-level processes, such as in inflammation or cancer metastasis. Endocytosis is an extremely regulated cellular process by which cells uptake extracellular molecules or internalise cell surface receptors. While the role of endocytosis of focal adhesions (FA) and plasma membrane (PM) turnover at the leading edge of migratory cells is wide known, the contribution of endocytic proteins per se in migration has been frequently disregarded. In this review, we describe the novel functions of the most well-known endocytic proteins in cancer cell migration, focusing on clathrin, caveolin, flotillins and GRAF1. In addition, we highlight the relevance of the macropinocytic pathway in amoeboid-like cell migration.
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26
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Podosome formation promotes plasma membrane invagination and integrin-β3 endocytosis on a viscous RGD-membrane. Commun Biol 2020; 3:117. [PMID: 32170110 PMCID: PMC7070051 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin receptors orchestrate cell adhesion and cytoskeletal reorganization. The endocytic mechanism of integrin-β3 receptor at the podosome remains unclear. Using viscous RGD-membrane as the model system, here we show that the formation of podosome-like adhesion promotes Dab2/clathrin-mediated endocytosis of integrin-β3. Integrin-β3 and RGD ligand are endocytosed from the podosome and sorted into the endosomal compartment. Inhibitions of podosome formation and knockdowns of Dab2 and clathrin reduce RGD endocytosis. F-actin assembly at the podosome core exhibits protrusive contact towards the substrate and results in plasma membrane invaginations at the podosome ring. BIN1 specifically associates with the region of invaginated membrane and recruits DNM2. During the podosome formation, BIN1 and DNM2 synchronously enrich at the podosome ring and trigger clathrin dissociation and RGD endocytosis. Knockdowns of BIN1 and DNM2 suppress RGD endocytosis. Thus, plasma membrane invagination caused by F-actin polymerization promotes BIN1-dependent DNM2 recruitment and facilitate integrin-β3 endocytosis at the podosome.
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27
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Kong L, Wang B, Yang X, He B, Hao D, Yan L. Integrin-associated molecules and signalling cross talking in osteoclast cytoskeleton regulation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3271-3281. [PMID: 32045092 PMCID: PMC7131929 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the ageing skeleton, the balance of bone reconstruction could commonly be broken by the increasing of bone resorption and decreasing of bone formation. Consequently, the bone resorption gradually occupies a dominant status. During this imbalance process, osteoclast is unique cell linage act the bone resorptive biological activity, which is a highly differentiated ultimate cell derived from monocyte/macrophage. The erosive function of osteoclasts is that they have to adhere the bone matrix and migrate along it, in which adhesive cytoskeleton recombination of osteoclast is essential. In that, the podosome is a membrane binding microdomain organelle, based on dynamic actin, which forms a cytoskeleton superstructure connected with the plasma membrane. Otherwise, as the main adhesive protein, integrin regulates the formation of podosome and cytoskeleton, which collaborates with the various molecules including: c-Cbl, p130Cas , c-Src and Pyk2, through several signalling cascades cross talking, including: M-CSF and RANKL. In our current study, we discuss the role of integrin and associated molecules in osteoclastogenesis cytoskeletal, especially podosomes, regulation and relevant signalling cascades cross talking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Kong
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Baorong He
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
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28
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Lapointe F, Turcotte S, Roy J, Bissonnette E, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Stankova J. RPTPε promotes M2-polarized macrophage migration through ROCK2 signaling and podosome formation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.234641. [PMID: 31722979 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cys-LTs) have well-characterized physiopathological roles in the development of inflammatory diseases. We have previously found that protein tyrosine phosphatase ε (PTPε) is a signaling partner of CysLT1R, a high affinity receptor for leukotriene D4 (LTD4). There are two major isoforms of PTPε, receptor-like (RPTPε) and cytoplasmic (cyt-)PTPε, both of which are encoded by the PTPRE gene but from different promoters. In most cells, their expression is mutually exclusive, except in human primary monocytes, which express both isoforms. Here, we show differential PTPε isoform expression patterns between monocytes, M1 and M2 human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs), with the expression of glycosylated forms of RPTPε predominantly in M2-polarized hMDMs. Using PTPε-specific siRNAs and expression of RPTPε and cyt-PTPε, we found that RPTPε is involved in monocyte adhesion and migration of M2-polarized hMDMs in response to LTD4 Altered organization of podosomes and higher phosphorylation of the inhibitory Y-722 residue of ROCK2 was also found in PTPε-siRNA-transfected cells. In conclusion, we show that differentiation and polarization of monocytes into M2-polarized hMDMs modulates the expression of PTPε isoforms and RPTPε is involved in podosome distribution, ROCK2 activation and migration in response to LTD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lapointe
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sylvie Turcotte
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Joanny Roy
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec G1V 4G5, Canada
| | | | - Marek Rola-Pleszczynski
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jana Stankova
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
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29
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Abstract
Phagocytosis is a specialized process that enables cellular ingestion and clearance of microbes, dead cells and tissue debris that are too large for other endocytic routes. As such, it is an essential component of tissue homeostasis and the innate immune response, and also provides a link to the adaptive immune response. However, ingestion of large particulate materials represents a monumental task for phagocytic cells. It requires profound reorganization of the cell morphology around the target in a controlled manner, which is limited by biophysical constraints. Experimental and theoretical studies have identified critical aspects associated with the interconnected biophysical properties of the receptors, the membrane, and the actin cytoskeleton that can determine the success of large particle internalization. In this review, we will discuss the major physical constraints involved in the formation of a phagosome. Focusing on two of the most-studied types of phagocytic receptors, the Fcγ receptors and the complement receptor 3 (αMβ2 integrin), we will describe the complex molecular mechanisms employed by phagocytes to overcome these physical constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Jaumouillé
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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30
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van den Dries K, Nahidiazar L, Slotman JA, Meddens MBM, Pandzic E, Joosten B, Ansems M, Schouwstra J, Meijer A, Steen R, Wijers M, Fransen J, Houtsmuller AB, Wiseman PW, Jalink K, Cambi A. Modular actin nano-architecture enables podosome protrusion and mechanosensing. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5171. [PMID: 31729386 PMCID: PMC6858452 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Basement membrane transmigration during embryonal development, tissue homeostasis and tumor invasion relies on invadosomes, a collective term for invadopodia and podosomes. An adequate structural framework for this process is still missing. Here, we reveal the modular actin nano-architecture that enables podosome protrusion and mechanosensing. The podosome protrusive core contains a central branched actin module encased by a linear actin module, each harboring specific actin interactors and actin isoforms. From the core, two actin modules radiate: ventral filaments bound by vinculin and connected to the plasma membrane and dorsal interpodosomal filaments crosslinked by myosin IIA. On stiff substrates, the actin modules mediate long-range substrate exploration, associated with degradative behavior. On compliant substrates, the vinculin-bound ventral actin filaments shorten, resulting in short-range connectivity and a focally protrusive, non-degradative state. Our findings redefine podosome nanoscale architecture and reveal a paradigm for how actin modularity drives invadosome mechanosensing in cells that breach tissue boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen van den Dries
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leila Nahidiazar
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- van Leeuwenhoek Centre of Advanced Microscopy, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology, Optical imaging center Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein B M Meddens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ben Joosten
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marleen Ansems
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joost Schouwstra
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anke Meijer
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Raymond Steen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mietske Wijers
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jack Fransen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Paul W Wiseman
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, McGill University Otto Maass (OM), Chemistry Building, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Kees Jalink
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- van Leeuwenhoek Centre of Advanced Microscopy, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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31
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DNA mechanotechnology reveals that integrin receptors apply pN forces in podosomes on fluid substrates. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4507. [PMID: 31628308 PMCID: PMC6800454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are ubiquitous cellular structures important to diverse processes including cell invasion, migration, bone resorption, and immune surveillance. Structurally, podosomes consist of a protrusive actin core surrounded by adhesion proteins. Although podosome protrusion forces have been quantified, the magnitude, spatial distribution, and orientation of the opposing tensile forces remain poorly characterized. Here we use DNA nanotechnology to create probes that measure and manipulate podosome tensile forces with molecular piconewton (pN) resolution. Specifically, Molecular Tension-Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (MT-FLIM) produces maps of the cellular adhesive landscape, revealing ring-like tensile forces surrounding podosome cores. Photocleavable adhesion ligands, breakable DNA force probes, and pharmacological inhibition demonstrate local mechanical coupling between integrin tension and actin protrusion. Thus, podosomes use pN integrin forces to sense and respond to substrate mechanics. This work deepens our understanding of podosome mechanotransduction and contributes tools that are widely applicable for studying receptor mechanics at dynamic interfaces.
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32
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Abstract
For many years, major differences in morphology, motility, and mechanical characteristics have been observed between transformed cancer and normal cells. In this review, we consider these differences as linked to different states of normal and transformed cells that involve distinct mechanosensing and motility pathways. There is a strong correlation between repeated tissue healing and/or inflammation and the probability of cancer, both of which involve growth in adult tissues. Many factors are likely needed to enable growth, including the loss of rigidity sensing, but recent evidence indicates that microRNAs have important roles in causing the depletion of growth-suppressing proteins. One microRNA, miR-21, is overexpressed in many different tissues during both healing and cancer. Normal cells can become transformed by the depletion of cytoskeletal proteins that results in the loss of mechanosensing, particularly rigidity sensing. Conversely, the transformed state can be reversed by the expression of cytoskeletal proteins-without direct alteration of hormone receptor levels. In this review, we consider the different stereotypical forms of motility and mechanosensory systems. A major difference between normal and transformed cells involves a sensitivity of transformed cells to mechanical perturbations. Thus, understanding the different mechanical characteristics of transformed cells may enable new approaches to treating wound healing and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Molecular MechanoMedicine Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA;
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33
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Dynamic Podosome-Like Structures in Nascent Phagosomes Are Coordinated by Phosphoinositides. Dev Cell 2019; 50:397-410.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Rafiq NBM, Grenci G, Lim CK, Kozlov MM, Jones GE, Viasnoff V, Bershadsky AD. Forces and constraints controlling podosome assembly and disassembly. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180228. [PMID: 31431172 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are a singular category of integrin-mediated adhesions important in the processes of cell migration, matrix degradation and cancer cell invasion. Despite a wealth of biochemical studies, the effects of mechanical forces on podosome integrity and dynamics are poorly understood. Here, we show that podosomes are highly sensitive to two groups of physical factors. First, we describe the process of podosome disassembly induced by activation of myosin-IIA filament assembly. Next, we find that podosome integrity and dynamics depends upon membrane tension and can be experimentally perturbed by osmotic swelling and deoxycholate treatment. We have also found that podosomes can be disrupted in a reversible manner by single or cyclic radial stretching of the substratum. We show that disruption of podosomes induced by osmotic swelling is independent of myosin-II filaments. The inhibition of the membrane sculpting protein, dynamin-II, but not clathrin, resulted in activation of myosin-IIA filament formation and disruption of podosomes. The effect of dynamin-II inhibition on podosomes was, however, independent of myosin-II filaments. Moreover, formation of organized arrays of podosomes in response to microtopographic cues (the ridges with triangular profile) was not accompanied by reorganization of myosin-II filaments. Thus, mechanical elements such as myosin-II filaments and factors affecting membrane tension/sculpting independently modulate podosome formation and dynamics, underlying a versatile response of these adhesion structures to intracellular and extracellular cues. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Bte Mohd Rafiq
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.,Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Gianluca Grenci
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.,Biomedical Engineering Department, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Republic of Singapore
| | - Cheng Kai Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore
| | - Michael M Kozlov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gareth E Jones
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Virgile Viasnoff
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.,CNRS UMI 3639, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Alexander D Bershadsky
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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35
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Chen X, Li R, Wong SHD, Wei K, Cui M, Chen H, Jiang Y, Yang B, Zhao P, Xu J, Chen H, Yin C, Lin S, Lee WYW, Jing Y, Li Z, Yang Z, Xia J, Chen G, Li G, Bian L. Conformational manipulation of scale-up prepared single-chain polymeric nanogels for multiscale regulation of cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2705. [PMID: 31221969 PMCID: PMC6586678 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Folded single chain polymeric nano-objects are the molecular level soft material with ultra-small size. Here, we report an easy and scalable method for preparing single-chain nanogels (SCNGs) with improved efficiency. We further investigate the impact of the dynamic molecular conformational change of SCNGs on cellular interactions from molecular to bulk scale. First, the supramolecular unfoldable SCNGs efficiently deliver siRNAs into stem cells as a molecular drug carrier in a conformation-dependent manner. Furthermore, the conformation changes of SCNGs enable dynamic and precise manipulation of ligand tether structure on 2D biomaterial interfaces to regulate the ligand-receptor ligation and mechanosensing of cells. Lastly, the dynamic SCNGs as the building blocks provide effective energy dissipation to bulk biomaterials such as hydrogels, thereby protecting the encapsulated stem cells from deleterious mechanical shocks in 3D matrix. Such a bottom-up molecular tailoring strategy will inspire further applications of single-chain nano-objects in the biomedical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Siu Hong Dexter Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Kongchang Wei
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Miao Cui
- Beijing Genomic Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Huaijun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuanzhang Jiang
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Boguang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Pengchao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chao Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Yihan Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhengmeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
- Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong.
- China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Svetlova A, Ellieroth J, Milos F, Maybeck V, Offenhäusser A. Composite Lipid Bilayers from Cell Membrane Extracts and Artificial Mixes as a Cell Culture Platform. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8076-8084. [PMID: 31055920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An artificial lipid bilayer is the closest possible model for the cell membrane. Despite that, current methods of lipid bilayer assembly and functionalization do not provide a satisfactory mimic of the cell-cell contact due to the inability to recreate an asymmetrical multicomponent system. In the current work, a method to produce an integrated solid-supported lipid bilayer combining natural extracts from cell membranes and artificially made lipid vesicles is proposed. This simple method allows delivery of transmembrane proteins and components of the extracellular matrix into the substrate. Biocompatibility of the composite natural/artificial lipid bilayers is evaluated by their interactions with the cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 cell line. Compared with fully artificial mixes, composite lipid bilayers allow cells to adhere and develop a morphologically more normal cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Svetlova
- Institute of Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Wilhelm-Johnen Straße , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Jana Ellieroth
- Institute of Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Wilhelm-Johnen Straße , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Frano Milos
- Institute of Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Wilhelm-Johnen Straße , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Vanessa Maybeck
- Institute of Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Wilhelm-Johnen Straße , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Wilhelm-Johnen Straße , 52425 Jülich , Germany
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37
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Sit B, Gutmann D, Iskratsch T. Costameres, dense plaques and podosomes: the cell matrix adhesions in cardiovascular mechanosensing. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:197-209. [PMID: 31214894 PMCID: PMC6726830 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The stiffness of the cardiovascular environment changes during ageing and in disease and contributes to disease incidence and progression. For instance, increased arterial stiffness can lead to atherosclerosis, while stiffening of the heart due to fibrosis can increase the chances of heart failure. Cells can sense the stiffness of the extracellular matrix through integrin adhesions and other mechanosensitive structures and in response to this initiate mechanosignalling pathways that ultimately change the cellular behaviour. Over the past decades, interest in mechanobiology has steadily increased and with this also our understanding of the molecular basis of mechanosensing and transduction. However, much of our knowledge about the mechanisms is derived from studies investigating focal adhesions in non-muscle cells, which are distinct in several regards from the cell-matrix adhesions in cardiomyocytes (costameres) or vascular smooth muscle cells (dense plaques or podosomes). Therefore, we will look here first at the evidence for mechanical sensing in the cardiovascular system, before comparing the different cytoskeletal arrangements and adhesion sites in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells and what is known about mechanical sensing through the various structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Sit
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science & Institute for Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Gutmann
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science & Institute for Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science & Institute for Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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38
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Rafiq NBM, Nishimura Y, Plotnikov SV, Thiagarajan V, Zhang Z, Shi S, Natarajan M, Viasnoff V, Kanchanawong P, Jones GE, Bershadsky AD. A mechano-signalling network linking microtubules, myosin IIA filaments and integrin-based adhesions. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:638-649. [PMID: 31114072 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The interrelationship between microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton in mechanoregulation of integrin-mediated adhesions is poorly understood. Here, we show that the effects of microtubules on two major types of cell-matrix adhesion, focal adhesions and podosomes, are mediated by KANK family proteins connecting the adhesion protein talin with microtubule tips. Both total microtubule disruption and microtubule uncoupling from adhesions by manipulations with KANKs trigger a massive assembly of myosin IIA filaments, augmenting focal adhesions and disrupting podosomes. Myosin IIA filaments are indispensable effectors in the microtubule-driven regulation of integrin-mediated adhesions. Myosin IIA filament assembly depends on Rho activation by the RhoGEF GEF-H1, which is trapped by microtubules when they are connected with integrin-mediated adhesions via KANK proteins but released after their disconnection. Thus, microtubule capture by integrin-mediated adhesions modulates the GEF-H1-dependent effect of microtubules on the assembly of myosin IIA filaments. Subsequent actomyosin reorganization then remodels the focal adhesions and podosomes, closing the regulatory loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Bte Mohd Rafiq
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yukako Nishimura
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sergey V Plotnikov
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Zhen Zhang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shidong Shi
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Virgile Viasnoff
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- CNRS UMI 3639, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Deparment of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Gareth E Jones
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Alexander D Bershadsky
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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39
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Abstract
A wide range of cell–microenvironmental interactions are mediated by membrane-localized receptors that bind ligands present on another cell or the extracellular matrix. This situation introduces a number of physical effects including spatial organization of receptor–ligand complexes and development of mechanical forces in cells. Unlike traditional experimental approaches, hybrid live cell–supported lipid bilayer (SLB) systems, wherein a live cell interacts with a synthetic substrate supported membrane, allow interrogation of these aspects of receptor signaling. The SLB system directly offers facile control over the identity, density, and mobility of ligands used for engaging cellular receptors. Further, application of various nano- and micropatterning techniques allows for spatial patterning of ligands. In this review, we describe the hybrid live cell–SLB system and its application in uncovering a range of spatial and mechanical aspects of receptor signaling. We highlight the T cell immunological synapse, junctions formed between EphA2- and ephrinA1-expressing cells, and adhesions formed by cadherin and integrin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir H. Biswas
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553
| | - Jay T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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40
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Peláez R, Pariente A, Pérez-Sala Á, Larrayoz IM. Integrins: Moonlighting Proteins in Invadosome Formation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050615. [PMID: 31052560 PMCID: PMC6562994 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich protrusions developed by transformed cells in 2D/3D environments that are implicated in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and degradation. These structures have an undoubted association with cancer invasion and metastasis because invadopodium formation in vivo is a key step for intra/extravasation of tumor cells. Invadopodia are closely related to other actin-rich structures known as podosomes, which are typical structures of normal cells necessary for different physiological processes during development and organogenesis. Invadopodia and podosomes are included in the general term 'invadosomes,' as they both appear as actin puncta on plasma membranes next to extracellular matrix metalloproteinases, although organization, regulation, and function are slightly different. Integrins are transmembrane proteins implicated in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and other important processes such as molecular signaling, mechano-transduction, and cell functions, e.g., adhesion, migration, or invasion. It is noteworthy that integrin expression is altered in many tumors, and other pathologies such as cardiovascular or immune dysfunctions. Over the last few years, growing evidence has suggested a role of integrins in the formation of invadopodia. However, their implication in invadopodia formation and adhesion to the ECM is still not well known. This review focuses on the role of integrins in invadopodium formation and provides a general overview of the involvement of these proteins in the mechanisms of metastasis, taking into account classic research through to the latest and most advanced work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Peláez
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
| | - Ana Pariente
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Pérez-Sala
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
| | - Ignacio M Larrayoz
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Group, Neurodegenerative Diseases Area Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, CIBIR, c.p., 26006. Logroño, Spain.
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41
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Chuang MC, Lin SS, Ohniwa RL, Lee GH, Su YA, Chang YC, Tang MJ, Liu YW. Tks5 and Dynamin-2 enhance actin bundle rigidity in invadosomes to promote myoblast fusion. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1670-1685. [PMID: 30894403 PMCID: PMC6504888 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201809161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle development requires the cell-cell fusion of differentiated myoblasts to form muscle fibers. The actin cytoskeleton is known to be the main driving force for myoblast fusion; however, how actin is organized to direct intercellular fusion remains unclear. Here we show that an actin- and dynamin-2-enriched protrusive structure, the invadosome, is required for the fusion process of myogenesis. Upon differentiation, myoblasts acquire the ability to form invadosomes through isoform switching of a critical invadosome scaffold protein, Tks5. Tks5 directly interacts with and recruits dynamin-2 to the invadosome and regulates its assembly around actin filaments to strengthen the stiffness of dynamin-actin bundles and invadosomes. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for the acquisition of myogenic fusion machinery during myogenesis and reveal a novel structural function for Tks5 and dynamin-2 in organizing actin filaments in the invadosome to drive membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Shan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ryosuke L Ohniwa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gang-Hui Lee
- International Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - You-An Su
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- International Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan .,Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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42
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Bolomini-Vittori M, Mennens SFB, Joosten B, Fransen J, Du G, van den Dries K, Cambi A. PLD-dependent phosphatidic acid microdomains are signaling platforms for podosome formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3556. [PMID: 30837487 PMCID: PMC6401089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Local membrane phospholipid enrichment serves as docking platform for signaling proteins involved in many processes including cell adhesion and migration. Tissue-resident dendritic cells (DCs) assemble actomyosin-based structures called podosomes, which mediate adhesion and degradation of extracellular matrix for migration and antigen sampling. Recent evidence suggested the involvement of phospholipase D (PLD) and its product phosphatidic acid (PA) in podosome formation, but the spatiotemporal control of this process is poorly characterized. Here we determined the role of PLD1 and PLD2 isoforms in regulating podosome formation and dynamics in human primary DCs by combining PLD pharmacological inhibition with a fluorescent PA sensor and fluorescence microscopy. We found that ongoing PLD2 activity is required for the maintenance of podosomes, whereas both PLD1 and PLD2 control the early stages of podosome assembly. Furthermore, we captured the formation of PA microdomains accumulating at the membrane cytoplasmic leaflet of living DCs, in dynamic coordination with nascent podosome actin cores. Finally, we show that both PLD1 and PLD2 activity are important for podosome-mediated matrix degradation. Our results provide novel insight into the isoform-specific spatiotemporal regulation of PLD activity and further our understanding of the role of cell membrane phospholipids in controlling localized actin polymerization and cell protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bolomini-Vittori
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Svenja F B Mennens
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Joosten
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Microscopic Imaging Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack Fransen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Microscopic Imaging Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Koen van den Dries
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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43
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Tanna CE, Goss LB, Ludwig CG, Chen PW. Arf GAPs as Regulators of the Actin Cytoskeleton-An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020442. [PMID: 30669557 PMCID: PMC6358971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arf GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) control the activity of ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) by inducing GTP hydrolysis and participate in a diverse array of cellular functions both through mechanisms that are dependent on and independent of their Arf GAP activity. A number of these functions hinge on the remodeling of actin filaments. Accordingly, some of the effects exerted by Arf GAPs involve proteins known to engage in regulation of the actin dynamics and architecture, such as Rho family proteins and nonmuscle myosin 2. Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs), podosomes, invadopodia, lamellipodia, stress fibers and focal adhesions are among the actin-based structures regulated by Arf GAPs. Arf GAPs are thus important actors in broad functions like adhesion and motility, as well as the specialized functions of bone resorption, neurite outgrowth, and pathogen internalization by immune cells. Arf GAPs, with their multiple protein-protein interactions, membrane-binding domains and sites for post-translational modification, are good candidates for linking the changes in actin to the membrane. The findings discussed depict a family of proteins with a critical role in regulating actin dynamics to enable proper cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Tanna
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
| | - Louisa B Goss
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
| | - Calvin G Ludwig
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
| | - Pei-Wen Chen
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA.
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44
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Alonso F, Spuul P, Kramer IJ, Génot E. [Variations on the theme of podosomes, context matters]. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 34:1063-1070. [PMID: 30623771 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2018296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are actin-based microdomains connecting the cell with its extracellular matrix. Contractile actin-myosin cables assemble them into a network that constitutes a versatile cellular superstructure. Discovered and extensively described in in vitro conditions, podosomes now appear as major actors of specific physiological processes. They share common characteristics but their morphology and their effect on cell functioning can only be apprehended in specific cellular contexts. We focus here on three cellular processes involving podosomes and discuss their properties in context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Alonso
- Centre de recherche cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux (Inserm U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, F-33076 France
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Department of chemistry and biotechnology, division of gene technology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonie
| | - IJsbrand Kramer
- Centre de recherche cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux (Inserm U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, F-33076 France
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- Centre de recherche cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux (Inserm U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, F-33076 France
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45
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Zhang Y, Cao F, Zhou Y, Feng Z, Sit B, Krendel M, Yu CH. Tail domains of myosin-1e regulate phosphatidylinositol signaling and F-actin polymerization at the ventral layer of podosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:622-635. [PMID: 30601698 PMCID: PMC6589698 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-06-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During podosome formation, distinct phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate lipid (PI(3,4,5)P3) production and F-actin polymerization take place at integrin-mediated adhesions. Membrane-associated actin regulation factors, such as myosin-1, serve as key molecules to link phosphatidylinositol signals to podosome assembly. Here, we report that long-tailed myosin-1e (Myo1e) is enriched at the ventral layer of the podosome core in a PI(3,4,5)P3-dependent manner. The combination of TH1 and TH2 (TH12) of Myo1e tail domains contains the essential motif for PI(3,4,5)P3-dependent membrane association and ventral localization at the podosome. TH12 KR2A (K772A and R782A) becomes dissociated from the plasma membrane. While F-actin polymerizations are initialized from the ventral layer of the podosome, TH12 precedes the recruitment of N-WASP and Arp2/3 in the initial phase of podosome formation. Overexpression of TH12, not TH12 KR2A, impedes PI(3,4,5)P3 signaling, restrains F-actin polymerization, and inhibits podosome formation. TH12 also suppresses gelatin degradation and migration speed of invadopodia-forming A375 melanoma cells. Thus, TH12 domain of Myo1e serves as a regulatory component to connect phosphatidylinositol signaling to F-actin polymerization at the podosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yage Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fakun Cao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuhuan Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Brian Sit
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Mira Krendel
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Cheng-Han Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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46
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Chi PY, Spuul P, Tseng FG, Genot E, Chou CF, Taloni A. Cell Migration in Microfluidic Devices: Invadosomes Formation in Confined Environments. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1146:79-103. [PMID: 31612455 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17593-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last 20 years have seen the blooming of microfluidics technologies applied to biological sciences. Microfluidics provides effective tools for biological analysis, allowing the experimentalists to extend their playground to single cells and single molecules, with high throughput and resolution which were inconceivable few decades ago. In particular, microfluidic devices are profoundly changing the conventional way of studying the cell motility and cell migratory dynamics. In this chapter we will furnish a comprehensive view of the advancements made in the research domain of confinement-induced cell migration, thanks to the use of microfluidic devices. The chapter is subdivided in three parts. Each section will be addressing one of the fundamental questions that the microfluidic technology is contributing to unravel: (i) where cell migration takes place, (ii) why cells migrate and, (iii) how the cells migrate. The first introductory part is devoted to a thumbnail, and partially historical, description of microfluidics and its impact in biological sciences. Stress will be put on two aspects of the devices fabrication process, which are crucial for biological applications: materials used and coating methods. The second paragraph concerns the cell migration induced by environmental cues: chemical, leading to chemotaxis, mechanical, at the basis of mechanotaxis, and electrical, which induces electrotaxis. Each of them will be addressed separately, highlighting the fundamental role of microfluidics in providing the well-controlled experimental conditions where cell migration can be induced, investigated and ultimately understood. The third part of the chapter is entirely dedicated to how the cells move in confined environments. Invadosomes (the joint name for podosomes and invadopodia) are cell protrusion that contribute actively to cell migration or invasion. The formation of invadosomes under confinement is a research topic that only recently has caught the attention of the scientific community: microfluidic design is helping shaping the future direction of this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Chi
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Elisabeth Genot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Chia-Fu Chou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Genomics Research Center and Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Alessandro Taloni
- Institute for Complex Systems, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.
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47
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Alonso F, Spuul P, Daubon T, Kramer IJ, Génot E. Variations on the theme of podosomes: A matter of context. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:545-553. [PMID: 30594495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extensive in vitro studies have described podosomes as actin-based structures at the plasma membrane, connecting the cell with its extracellular matrix and endowed with multiple capabilities. Contractile actin-myosin cables assemble them into a network that constitutes a multifaceted cellular superstructure taking different forms - with common characteristics - but manifesting different properties depending on the context of study. Their morphology and their role in cell functioning and behavior are therefore now apprehended in in vivo or in vitro situations relevant to physiological processes. We focus here on three of them, namely: macrophage migration, antigen presentation by dendritic cells and endothelial cell sprouting during angiogenesis to highlight the characteristics of podosomes and their functioning shaped by the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Alonso
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076 Cedex, France
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Thomas Daubon
- Laboratoire de l'Angiogénèse et du Microenvironnement des Cancers (INSERM U1029), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076 Cedex, France
| | - IJsbrand Kramer
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076 Cedex, France
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076 Cedex, France.
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48
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Abstract
It is increasingly clear that mechanotransduction pathways play important roles in regulating fundamental cellular functions. Of the basic mechanical functions, the determination of cellular morphology is critical. Cells typically use many mechanosensitive steps and different cell states to achieve a polarized shape through repeated testing of the microenvironment. Indeed, morphology is determined by the microenvironment through periodic activation of motility, mechanotesting, and mechanoresponse functions by hormones, internal clocks, and receptor tyrosine kinases. Patterned substrates and controlled environments with defined rigidities limit the range of cell behavior and influence cell state decisions and are thus very useful for studying these steps. The recently defined rigidity sensing process provides a good example of how cells repeatedly test their microenvironment and is also linked to cancer. In general, aberrant extracellular matrix mechanosensing is associated with numerous conditions, including cardiovascular disease, aging, and fibrosis, that correlate with changes in tissue morphology and matrix composition. Hence, detailed descriptions of the steps involved in sensing and responding to the microenvironment are needed to better understand both the mechanisms of tissue homeostasis and the pathomechanisms of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 31096;
| | - Bo Yang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore;
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; .,Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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49
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Lock JG, Jones MC, Askari JA, Gong X, Oddone A, Olofsson H, Göransson S, Lakadamyali M, Humphries MJ, Strömblad S. Reticular adhesions are a distinct class of cell-matrix adhesions that mediate attachment during mitosis. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1290-1302. [PMID: 30361699 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion to the extracellular matrix persists during mitosis in most cell types. However, while classical adhesion complexes, such as focal adhesions, do and must disassemble to enable mitotic rounding, the mechanisms of residual mitotic cell-extracellular matrix adhesion remain undefined. Here, we identify 'reticular adhesions', a class of adhesion complex that is mediated by integrin αvβ5, formed during interphase, and preserved at cell-extracellular matrix attachment sites throughout cell division. Consistent with this role, integrin β5 depletion perturbs mitosis and disrupts spatial memory transmission between cell generations. Reticular adhesions are morphologically and dynamically distinct from classical focal adhesions. Mass spectrometry defines their unique composition, enriched in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2)-binding proteins but lacking virtually all consensus adhesome components. Indeed, reticular adhesions are promoted by PtdIns(4,5)P2, and form independently of talin and F-actin. The distinct characteristics of reticular adhesions provide a solution to the problem of maintaining cell-extracellular matrix attachment during mitotic rounding and division.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Lock
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Matthew C Jones
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Janet A Askari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Xiaowei Gong
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Oddone
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- ICFO, Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helene Olofsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sara Göransson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Melike Lakadamyali
- ICFO, Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Staffan Strömblad
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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50
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Goult BT, Yan J, Schwartz MA. Talin as a mechanosensitive signaling hub. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3776-3784. [PMID: 30254032 PMCID: PMC6219721 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), mediated by transmembrane receptors of the integrin family, is exquisitely sensitive to biochemical, structural, and mechanical features of the ECM. Talin is a cytoplasmic protein consisting of a globular head domain and a series of α-helical bundles that form its long rod domain. Talin binds to the cytoplasmic domain of integrin β-subunits, activates integrins, couples them to the actin cytoskeleton, and regulates integrin signaling. Recent evidence suggests switch-like behavior of the helix bundles that make up the talin rod domains, where individual domains open at different tension levels, exerting positive or negative effects on different protein interactions. These results lead us to propose that talin functions as a mechanosensitive signaling hub that integrates multiple extracellular and intracellular inputs to define a major axis of adhesion signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Cell Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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