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Klemm RW, Carvalho P. Lipid Droplets Big and Small: Basic Mechanisms That Make Them All. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2024; 40:143-168. [PMID: 39356808 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-012624-031419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic storage organelles with central roles in lipid and energy metabolism. They consist of a core of neutral lipids, such as triacylglycerol, which is surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids and specialized surface proteins. The surface composition determines many of the LD properties, such as size, subcellular distribution, and interaction with partner organelles. Considering the diverse energetic and metabolic demands of various cell types, it is not surprising that LDs are highly heterogeneous within and between cell types. Despite their diversity, all LDs share a common biogenesis mechanism. However, adipocytes have evolved specific adaptations of these basic mechanisms, enabling the regulation of lipid and energy metabolism at both the cellular and organismal levels. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of both the general mechanisms of LD biogenesis and the adipocyte-specific adaptations controlling these fascinating organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin W Klemm
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
| | - Pedro Carvalho
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
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2
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Bogaciu CA, Rizzoli SO. Membrane trafficking of synaptic adhesion molecules. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39322997 DOI: 10.1113/jp286401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Synapse formation and stabilization are aided by several families of adhesion molecules, which are generally seen as specialized surface receptors. The function of most surface receptors, including adhesion molecules, is modulated in non-neuronal cells by the processes of endocytosis and recycling, which control the number of active receptors found on the cell surface. These processes have not been investigated extensively at the synapse. This review focuses on the current status of this topic, summarizing general findings on the membrane trafficking of the most prominent synaptic adhesion molecules. Remarkably, evidence for endocytosis processes has been obtained for many synaptic adhesion proteins, including dystroglycans, latrophilins, calsyntenins, netrins, teneurins, neurexins, neuroligins and neuronal pentraxins. Less evidence has been obtained on their recycling, possibly because of the lack of specific assays. We conclude that the trafficking of the synaptic adhesion molecules is an important topic, which should receive more attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A Bogaciu
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology and Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN) Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology and Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN) Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Zhou F, Hu R, Wang Y, Wu X, Chen X, Xi Z, Zeng K. Calsyntenin-1 expression and function in brain tissue of lithium-pilocarpine rat seizure models. Synapse 2024; 78:e22307. [PMID: 39171546 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
To present the expression of calsyntenin-1 (Clstn1) in the brain and investigate the potential mechanism of Clstn1 in lithium-pilocarpine rat seizure models. Thirty-five male SD adult rats were induced to have seizures by intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride pilocarpine. Rats exhibiting spontaneous seizures were divided into the epilepsy (EP) group (n = 15), whereas those without seizures were divided into the control group (n = 14). Evaluate the expression of Clstn1 in the temporal lobe of two groups using Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Additionally, 55 male SD rats were subjected to status epilepticus (SE) using the same induction method. Rats experiencing seizures exceeding Racine's level 4 (n = 48) were randomly divided into three groups: SE, SE + control lentivirus (lentiviral vector expressing green fluorescent protein [LV-GFP]), and SE + Clstn1-targeted RNA interference lentivirus (LV-Clstn1-RNAi). The LV-GFP group served as a control for the lentiviral vector, whereas the LV-Clstn1-RNAi group received a lentivirus designed to silence Clstn1 expression. These lentiviral treatments were administered via hippocampal stereotactic injection 2 days after SE induction. Seven days after SE, Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of Clstn1 in the hippocampus and temporal lobe. Meanwhile, we observed the latency of spontaneous seizures and the frequency of spontaneous seizures within 8 weeks among the three groups. The expression of Clstn1 in the cortex and hippocampus of the EP group was significantly increased compared to the control group (p < .05). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that Clstn1 was widely distributed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats, and colocalization analysis revealed that it was mainly co expressed with neurons in the cytoplasm. Compared with the SE group (11.80 ± 2.17 days) and the SE + GFP group (12.40 ± 1.67 days), there was a statistically significant difference (p < .05) in the latency period of spontaneous seizures (15.14 ± 2.41 days) in the SE + Clstn1 + RNAi group rats. Compared with the SE group (4.60 ± 1.67 times) and the SE + GFP group (4.80 ± 2.05 times), the SE + Clstn1 + RNAi group (2.0 ± .89 times) showed a significant reduction in the frequency of spontaneous seizures within 2 weeks of chronic phase in rats (p < .05). Elevated Clstn1 expression in EP group suggests its role in EP onset. Targeting Clstn1 may be a potential therapeutic approach for EP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Pizhou People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqin Xi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kebin Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Honda K, Takahashi H, Hata S, Abe R, Saito T, Saido TC, Taru H, Sobu Y, Ando K, Yamamoto T, Suzuki T. Suppression of the amyloidogenic metabolism of APP and the accumulation of Aβ by alcadein α in the brain during aging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18471. [PMID: 39122814 PMCID: PMC11316129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Generation and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein in the brain are the primary causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alcadeins (Alcs composed of Alcα, Alcβ and Alcγ family) are a neuronal membrane protein that is subject to proteolytic processing, as is Aβ protein precursor (APP), by APP secretases. Previous observations suggest that Alcs are involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we generated new mouse AppNL-F (APP-KI) lines with either Alcα- or Alcβ-deficient background and analyzed APP processing and Aβ accumulation through the aging process. The Alcα-deficient APP-KI (APP-KI/Alcα-KO) mice enhanced brain Aβ accumulation along with increased amyloidogenic β-site cleavage of APP through the aging process whereas Alcβ-deficient APP-KI (APP-KI/Alcβ-KO) mice neither affected APP metabolism nor Aβ accumulation at any age. More colocalization of APP and BACE1 was observed in the endolysosomal pathway in neurons of APP-KI/Alcα-KO mice compared to APP-KI and APP-KI/Alcβ-KO mice. These results indicate that Alcα plays an important role in the neuroprotective function by suppressing the amyloidogenic cleavage of APP by BACE1 in the brain, which is distinct from the neuroprotective function of Alcβ, in which p3-Alcβ peptides derived from Alcβ restores the viability in neurons impaired by toxic Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Honda
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Advanced Prevention and Research Laboratory for Dementia, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hiroo Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Saori Hata
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Advanced Prevention and Research Laboratory for Dementia, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, 062-8517, Japan
| | - Ruriko Abe
- Advanced Prevention and Research Laboratory for Dementia, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, 062-8517, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science Institute, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hidenori Taru
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Advanced Prevention and Research Laboratory for Dementia, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sobu
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Laboratory of Neuronal Regeneration, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Kanae Ando
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Toshiharu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
- Advanced Prevention and Research Laboratory for Dementia, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
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Bai SY, Zeng DY, Ouyang M, Zeng Y, Tan W, Xu L. Synaptic cell adhesion molecules contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of fragile X syndrome. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1393536. [PMID: 39022311 PMCID: PMC11252757 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1393536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and a monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorders. Deficiencies in the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein, encoded by the FMR1 gene, lead to various anatomical and pathophysiological abnormalities and behavioral deficits, such as spine dysmorphogenesis and learning and memory impairments. Synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) play crucial roles in synapse formation and neural signal transmission by promoting the formation of new synaptic contacts, accurately organizing presynaptic and postsynaptic protein complexes, and ensuring the accuracy of signal transmission. Recent studies have implicated synaptic CAMs such as the immunoglobulin superfamily, N-cadherin, leucine-rich repeat proteins, and neuroligin-1 in the pathogenesis of FXS and found that they contribute to defects in dendritic spines and synaptic plasticity in FXS animal models. This review systematically summarizes the biological associations between nine representative synaptic CAMs and FMRP, as well as the functional consequences of the interaction, to provide new insights into the mechanisms of abnormal synaptic development in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Bai
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Yang Zeng
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Ouyang
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lang Xu
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yang HH, Han KM, Kim A, Kang Y, Tae WS, Han MR, Ham BJ. Neuroimaging and epigenetic analysis reveal novel epigenetic loci in major depressive disorder. Psychol Med 2024; 54:2585-2598. [PMID: 38721773 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, contribute to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to identify novel MDD-associated epigenetic loci using DNA methylation profiles and explore the correlations between epigenetic loci and cortical thickness changes in patients with MDD. METHODS A total of 350 patients with MDD and 161 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS). We analyzed methylation, copy number alteration (CNA), and gene network profiles in the MDD group. A total of 234 patients with MDD and 135 HCs were included in neuroimaging methylation analysis. Pearson's partial correlation analysis was used to estimate the correlation between cortical thickness of brain regions and DNA methylation levels of the loci. RESULTS In total, 2018 differentially methylated probes (DMPs) and 351 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified. DMP-related genes were enriched in two networks involved in the central nervous system. In neuroimaging analysis, patients with MDD showed cortical thinning in the prefrontal regions and cortical thickening in several occipital regions. Cortical thickness of the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC, i.e. pars triangularis) was negatively correlated with eight DMPs associated with six genes (EML6, ZFP64, CLSTN3, KCNMA1, TAOK2, and NT5E). CONCLUSION Through combining DNA methylation and neuroimaging analyses, negative correlations were identified between the cortical thickness of the left VLPFC and DNA methylation levels of eight DMPs. Our findings could improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ho Yang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youbin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ryung Han
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim S, Jang G, Kim H, Lim D, Han KA, Um JW, Ko J. MDGAs perform activity-dependent synapse type-specific suppression via distinct extracellular mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322978121. [PMID: 38900791 PMCID: PMC11214077 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322978121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
MDGA (MAM domain containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor) family proteins were previously identified as synaptic suppressive factors. However, various genetic manipulations have yielded often irreconcilable results, precluding precise evaluation of MDGA functions. Here, we found that, in cultured hippocampal neurons, conditional deletion of MDGA1 and MDGA2 causes specific alterations in synapse numbers, basal synaptic transmission, and synaptic strength at GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses, respectively. Moreover, MDGA2 deletion enhanced both N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor- and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated postsynaptic responses. Strikingly, ablation of both MDGA1 and MDGA2 abolished the effect of deleting individual MDGAs that is abrogated by chronic blockade of synaptic activity. Molecular replacement experiments further showed that MDGA1 requires the meprin/A5 protein/PTPmu (MAM) domain, whereas MDGA2 acts via neuroligin-dependent and/or MAM domain-dependent pathways to regulate distinct postsynaptic properties. Together, our data demonstrate that MDGA paralogs act as unique negative regulators of activity-dependent postsynaptic organization at distinct synapse types, and cooperatively contribute to adjustment of excitation-inhibition balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjoon Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Korea
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Korea
| | - Gyubin Jang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Korea
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Korea
| | - Hyeonho Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Korea
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Korea
| | - Dongseok Lim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Han
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Korea
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Korea
| | - Ji Won Um
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Korea
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Korea
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Korea
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Korea
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Ruan Y, Yuan R, He J, Jiang Y, Chu S, Chen N. New perspective on sustained antidepressant effect: focus on neurexins regulating synaptic plasticity. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:205. [PMID: 38693106 PMCID: PMC11063156 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is highly prevalent globally, however, currently available medications face challenges such as low response rates and short duration of efficacy. Additionally, depression mostly accompany other psychiatric disorders, further progressing to major depressive disorder without long-term effective management. Thus, sustained antidepressant strategies are urgently needed. Recently, ketamine and psilocybin gained attention as potential sustained antidepressants. Review of recent studies highlights that synaptic plasticity changes as key events of downstream long-lasting changes in sustained antidepressant effect. This underscores the significance of synaptic plasticity in sustained antidepressant effect. Moreover, neurexins, key molecules involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, act as critical links between synaptic plasticity and sustained antidepressant effects, involving mechanisms including protein level, selective splicing, epigenetics, astrocytes, positional redistribution and protein structure. Based on the regulation of synaptic plasticity by neurexins, several drugs with potential for sustained antidepressant effect are also discussed. Focusing on neurexins in regulating synaptic plasticity promises much for further understanding underlying mechanisms of sustained antidepressant and the next step in new drug development. This research represents a highly promising future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ruan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruolan Yuan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiaqi He
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yutong Jiang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shifeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Naihong Chen
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
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Guo J, Huang S, Yi Q, Liu N, Cui T, Duan S, Chen J, Li J, Li J, Wang L, Gao Y, Nie G. Hepatic Clstn3 Ameliorates Lipid Metabolism Disorders in High Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD through Activation of FXR. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26158-26169. [PMID: 37521618 PMCID: PMC10373204 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become serious liver disease all over the world. At present, NAFLD caused by high calorie and fat diet is increasing. Calsyntenin-3 (Clstn3) is a transmembrane protein that has recently been found to participate in lipid energy metabolism. But whether Clstn3 affects NAFLD lipid metabolism has not been analyzed. We stimulate the mice primary hepatocytes (MPHs) with oleic acid and palmitic acid (OA&PA) to establish a cell model. Then, potential targets, including Clstn3 gene, were validated for improving lipid metabolism disorder in NAFLD model mice (HFD and db/db) by silencing and overexpressing hepatic Clstn3. Moreover, the effects of Clstn3 on lipid homeostasis were determined by functional determination, triglyceride (TG) levels, total cholesterol (TC) levels, ELISA, and qRT-PCR detection. Our results displayed that Clstn3 was decreased in the NAFLD mice model. Also, overexpression of Clstn3 improved lipid metabolism disorders, gluconeogenesis, and energy homeostasis and reduced liver injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress injury. However, opposite results were obtained in Clstn3-silencing mice, suggesting that the Clstn3 gene is closely related to lipid metabolism disorder in NAFLD. RNAseq expression demonstrated that Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) expression was increased after overexpression of Clstn3. Clstn3 supplementation in FXRKO mice can improve the dysfunction caused by insufficient FXR, suggesting that Clstn3 can improve the NAFLD lipid metabolism disorder to some extent through FXR, which may provide a new method for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Guo
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Shangyi Huang
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Qincheng Yi
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Naihua Liu
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Tianqi Cui
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Siwei Duan
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jiabing Chen
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jun Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Department
of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated
Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Science
and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Guangning Nie
- State
Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University
of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Department
of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital
of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
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10
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Boxer EE, Aoto J. Neurexins and their ligands at inhibitory synapses. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:1087238. [PMID: 36618530 PMCID: PMC9812575 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.1087238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of neurexins (Nrxns) as essential and evolutionarily conserved synaptic adhesion molecules, focus has largely centered on their functional contributions to glutamatergic synapses. Recently, significant advances to our understanding of neurexin function at GABAergic synapses have revealed that neurexins can play pleiotropic roles in regulating inhibitory synapse maintenance and function in a brain-region and synapse-specific manner. GABAergic neurons are incredibly diverse, exhibiting distinct synaptic properties, sites of innervation, neuromodulation, and plasticity. Different classes of GABAergic neurons often express distinct repertoires of Nrxn isoforms that exhibit differential alternative exon usage. Further, Nrxn ligands can be differentially expressed and can display synapse-specific localization patterns, which may contribute to the formation of a complex trans-synaptic molecular code that establishes the properties of inhibitory synapse function and properties of local circuitry. In this review, we will discuss how Nrxns and their ligands sculpt synaptic inhibition in a brain-region, cell-type and synapse-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Aoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, United States
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11
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Cohen LD, Ziv T, Ziv NE. Synapse integrity and function: Dependence on protein synthesis and identification of potential failure points. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1038614. [PMID: 36583084 PMCID: PMC9792512 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1038614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic integrity and function depend on myriad proteins - labile molecules with finite lifetimes that need to be continually replaced with freshly synthesized copies. Here we describe experiments designed to expose synaptic (and neuronal) properties and functions that are particularly sensitive to disruptions in protein supply, identify proteins lost early upon such disruptions, and uncover potential, yet currently underappreciated failure points. We report here that acute suppressions of protein synthesis are followed within hours by reductions in spontaneous network activity levels, impaired oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function, and, importantly, destabilization and loss of both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic specializations. Conversely, gross impairments in presynaptic vesicle recycling occur over longer time scales (days), as does overt cell death. Proteomic analysis identified groups of potentially essential 'early-lost' proteins including regulators of synapse stability, proteins related to bioenergetics, fatty acid and lipid metabolism, and, unexpectedly, numerous proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease pathology and amyloid beta processing. Collectively, these findings point to neuronal excitability, energy supply and synaptic stability as early-occurring failure points under conditions of compromised supply of newly synthesized protein copies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie D. Cohen
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Institute and Network Biology Research Laboratories, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Ziv
- Smoler Proteomics Center, Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noam E. Ziv
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Institute and Network Biology Research Laboratories, Haifa, Israel,*Correspondence: Noam E. Ziv,
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12
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Bai N, Lu X, Jin L, Alimujiang M, Ma J, Hu F, Xu Y, Sun J, Xu J, Zhang R, Han J, Hu C, Yang Y. CLSTN3 gene variant associates with obesity risk and contributes to dysfunction in white adipose tissue. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101531. [PMID: 35753632 PMCID: PMC9254126 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective White adipose tissue (WAT) possesses the remarkable remodeling capacity, and maladaptation of this ability contributes to the development of obesity and associated comorbidities. Calsyntenin-3 (CLSTN3) is a transmembrane protein that promotes synapse development in brain. Even though this gene has been reported to be associated with adipose tissue, its role in the regulation of WAT function is unknown yet. We aim to further assess the expression pattern of CLSTN3 gene in human adipose tissue, and investigate its regulatory impact on WAT function. Methods In our study, we observed the expression pattern of Clstn3/CLSTN3 gene in mouse and human WAT. Genetic association study and expression quantitative trait loci analysis were combined to identify the phenotypic effect of CLSTN3 gene variant in humans. This was followed by mouse experiments using adeno-associated virus-mediated human CLSTN3 overexpression in inguinal WAT. We investigated the effect of CLSTN3 on WAT function and overall metabolic homeostasis, as well as the possible underlying molecular mechanism. Results We observed that CLSTN3 gene was routinely expressed in human WAT and predominantly enriched in adipocyte fraction. Furthermore, we identified that the variant rs7296261 in the CLSTN3 locus was associated with a high risk of obesity, and its risk allele was linked to an increase in CLSTN3 expression in human WAT. Overexpression of CLSTN3 in inguinal WAT of mice resulted in diet-induced local dysfunctional expansion, liver steatosis, and systemic metabolic deficiency. In vivo and ex vivo lipolysis assays demonstrated that CLSTN3 overexpression attenuated catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis. Mechanistically, CLSTN3 could interact with amyloid precursor protein (APP) in WAT and increase APP accumulation in mitochondria, which in turn impaired adipose mitochondrial function and promoted obesity. Conclusion Taken together, we provide the evidence for a novel role of CLSTN3 in modulating WAT function, thereby reinforcing the fact that targeting CLSTN3 may be a potential approach for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic diseases. CLSTN3 is expressed in the adipocyte fraction of human adipose tissue and mainly localizes to the plasma membrane. SNP rs7296261 in human CLSTN3 locus is associated with obesity risk. Overexpression of CLSTN3 leads to adipose tissue dysfunction in mice. CLSTN3 can attenuate catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis. CLSTN3 overexpression increases mitochondrial APP localization of mouse adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Bai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhong Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Miriayi Alimujiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuejie Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Liu Z, Jiang M, Liakath-Ali K, Sclip A, Ko J, Zhang RS, Südhof TC. Deletion of Calsyntenin-3, an atypical cadherin, suppresses inhibitory synapses but increases excitatory parallel-fiber synapses in cerebellum. eLife 2022; 11:e70664. [PMID: 35420982 PMCID: PMC9064300 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherins contribute to the organization of nearly all tissues, but the functions of several evolutionarily conserved cadherins, including those of calsyntenins, remain enigmatic. Puzzlingly, two distinct, non-overlapping functions for calsyntenins were proposed: As postsynaptic neurexin ligands in synapse formation, or as presynaptic kinesin adaptors in vesicular transport. Here, we show that, surprisingly, acute CRISPR-mediated deletion of calsyntenin-3 in mouse cerebellum in vivo causes a large decrease in inhibitory synapse, but a robust increase in excitatory parallel-fiber synapses in Purkinje cells. As a result, inhibitory synaptic transmission was suppressed, whereas parallel-fiber synaptic transmission was enhanced in Purkinje cells by the calsyntenin-3 deletion. No changes in the dendritic architecture of Purkinje cells or in climbing-fiber synapses were detected. Sparse selective deletion of calsyntenin-3 only in Purkinje cells recapitulated the synaptic phenotype, indicating that calsyntenin-3 acts by a cell-autonomous postsynaptic mechanism in cerebellum. Thus, by inhibiting formation of excitatory parallel-fiber synapses and promoting formation of inhibitory synapses in the same neuron, calsyntenin-3 functions as a postsynaptic adhesion molecule that regulates the excitatory/inhibitory balance in Purkinje cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Man Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Kif Liakath-Ali
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Alessandra Sclip
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and TechnologyDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Roger Shen Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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14
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Mori K, Koebis M, Nakao K, Kobayashi S, Kiyama Y, Watanabe M, Manabe T, Iino Y, Aiba A. Loss of calsyntenin paralogs disrupts interneuron stability and mouse behavior. Mol Brain 2022; 15:23. [PMID: 35279170 PMCID: PMC8917637 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calsyntenins (CLSTNs) are important synaptic molecules whose molecular functions are not fully understood. Although mutations in calsyntenin (CLSTN) genes have been associated with psychiatric disorders in humans, their function is still unclear. One of the reasons why the function of CLSTNs in the nervous system has not been clarified is the functional redundancy among the three paralogs. Therefore, to investigate the functions of mammalian CLSTNs, we generated triple knockout (TKO) mice lacking all CLSTN paralogs and examined their behavior. The mutant mice tended to freeze in novel environments and exhibited hypersensitivity to stress. Consistent with this, glucose levels under stress were significantly higher in the mutant mice than in the wild-type controls. In particular, phenotypes such as decreased motivation, which had not been reported in single Clstn KO mice, were newly discovered. The TKO mice generated in this study represent an important mouse model for clarifying the function of CLSTN in the future.
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15
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Woodbury-Smith M, Lamoureux S, Begum G, Nassir N, Akter H, O’Rielly DD, Rahman P, Wintle RF, Scherer SW, Uddin M. Mutational Landscape of Autism Spectrum Disorder Brain Tissue. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020207. [PMID: 35205252 PMCID: PMC8871846 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare post-zygotic mutations in the brain are now known to contribute to several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, due to the limited availability of brain tissue, most studies rely on estimates of mosaicism from peripheral samples. In this study, we undertook whole exome sequencing on brain tissue from 26 ASD brain donors from the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center (HBTRC) and ascertained the presence of post-zygotic and germline mutations categorized as pathological, including those impacting known ASD-implicated genes. Although quantification did not reveal enrichment for post-zygotic mutations compared with the controls (n = 15), a small number of pathogenic, potentially ASD-implicated mutations were identified, notably in TRAK1 and CLSTN3. Furthermore, germline mutations were identified in the same tissue samples in several key ASD genes, including PTEN, SC1A, CDH13, and CACNA1C. The establishment of tissue resources that are available to the scientific community will facilitate the discovery of new mutations for ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Woodbury-Smith
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Sylvia Lamoureux
- The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (S.L.); (R.F.W.); (S.W.S.)
| | - Ghausia Begum
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (G.B.); (N.N.)
| | - Nasna Nassir
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (G.B.); (N.N.)
| | - Hosneara Akter
- Genetics and Genomics Medicine Centre, NeuroGen Healthcare, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh;
| | - Darren D. O’Rielly
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; (D.D.O.); (P.R.)
| | - Proton Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; (D.D.O.); (P.R.)
| | - Richard F. Wintle
- The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (S.L.); (R.F.W.); (S.W.S.)
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (S.L.); (R.F.W.); (S.W.S.)
- Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (G.B.); (N.N.)
- Cellular Intelligence (Ci) Lab, GenomeArc Inc., Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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16
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Pedrero-Prieto CM, Frontiñán-Rubio J, Alcaín FJ, Durán-Prado M, Peinado JR, Rabanal-Ruiz Y. Biological Significance of the Protein Changes Occurring in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer's Disease Patients: Getting Clues from Proteomic Studies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1655. [PMID: 34573996 PMCID: PMC8467255 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) deeply irrigates the brain together with the relative simplicity of sample extraction from patients make this biological fluid the best target for biomarker discovery in neurodegenerative diseases. During the last decade, biomarker discovery has been especially fruitful for the identification new proteins that appear in the CSF of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients together with amyloid-β (Aβ42), total tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau (P-tau). Thus, several proteins have been already stablished as important biomarkers, due to an increase (i.e., CHI3L1) or a decrease (i.e., VGF) in AD patients' CSF. Notwithstanding this, only a deep analysis of a database generated with all the changes observed in CSF across multiple proteomic studies, and especially those using state-of-the-art methodologies, may expose those components or metabolic pathways disrupted at different levels in AD. Deep comparative analysis of all the up- and down-regulated proteins across these studies revealed that 66% of the most consistent protein changes in CSF correspond to intracellular proteins. Interestingly, processes such as those associated to glucose metabolism or RXR signaling appeared inversely represented in CSF from AD patients in a significant manner. Herein, we discuss whether certain cellular processes constitute accurate indicators of AD progression by examining CSF. Furthermore, we uncover new CSF AD markers, such as ITAM, PTPRZ or CXL16, identified by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Pedrero-Prieto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Frontiñán-Rubio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
| | - Francisco J. Alcaín
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
| | - Mario Durán-Prado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
| | - Juan R. Peinado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
| | - Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Paseo de Moledores SN, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (C.M.P.-P.); (J.F.-R.); (F.J.A.); (M.D.-P.)
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17
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Kim S, Park D, Kim J, Kim D, Kim H, Mori T, Jung H, Lee D, Hong S, Jeon J, Tabuchi K, Cheong E, Kim J, Um JW, Ko J. Npas4 regulates IQSEC3 expression in hippocampal somatostatin interneurons to mediate anxiety-like behavior. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109417. [PMID: 34289353 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent GABAergic synapse plasticity is important for normal brain functions, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that Npas4 (neuronal PAS-domain protein 4) transcriptionally regulates the expression of IQSEC3, a GABAergic synapse-specific guanine nucleotide-exchange factor for ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF-GEF) that directly interacts with gephyrin. Neuronal activation by an enriched environment induces Npas4-mediated upregulation of IQSEC3 protein specifically in CA1 stratum oriens layer somatostatin (SST)-expressing GABAergic interneurons. SST+ interneuron-specific knockout (KO) of Npas4 compromises synaptic transmission in these GABAergic interneurons, increases neuronal activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons, and reduces anxiety behavior, all of which are normalized by the expression of wild-type IQSEC3, but not a dominant-negative ARF-GEF-inactive mutant, in SST+ interneurons of Npas4-KO mice. Our results suggest that IQSEC3 is a key GABAergic synapse component that is directed by Npas4 and ARF activity, specifically in SST+ interneurons, to orchestrate excitation-to-inhibition balance and control anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjoon Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Dongseok Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Jinhu Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Hyeonho Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Takuma Mori
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-86221, Japan
| | - Hyeji Jung
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Dongsu Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sookyung Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jongcheol Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Katsuhiko Tabuchi
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-86221, Japan; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Medicine, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ji Won Um
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea.
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18
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Li N, Cao S, Yu Z, Qiao M, Cheng Y, Shen Y, Song L, Huang X, Yang G, Zhao Y. Perinatal Lead Exposure Alters Calsyntenin-2 and Calsyntenin-3 Expression in the Hippocampus and Causes Learning Deficits in Mice Post-weaning. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1414-1424. [PMID: 32557100 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Calsyntenin-2 (Clstn2) and calsyntenin-3 (Clstn3) are the members of the cadherin superfamily and function to regulate the postsynaptic activity. Both proteins are known to play an important role in memory and learning. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that exposure of mothers to Pb in drinking water may alter the expression of Clstn2 and Clstn3 in offspring, which contributes to the Pb-induced learning deficiency. Pregnant mice were exposed to Pb in drinking water as Pb acetate from gestation to weaning. At the postnatal day 21, the learning and memory ability of pups was tested by Morris water maze, and the blood and brain tissues from pups were collected for metal and protein analyses. Data showed that perinatal Pb exposure resulted in a dose-dependent increase of Pb concentrations in blood (6-20-fold), hippocampus (2-7-fold), and cerebral cortex (2-8-fold) in offspring, as compared to controls (p < 0.05).The ability of learning and memory was decreased in lead exposure group, as compared to controls (p < 0.05). Both immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses revealed a striking difference in the expression of Clstn2 vs. Clstn3 following perinatal Pb exposure. In pregnant mice exposed to 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.5% Pb, the expression of Clstn2 in offspring showed a Pb dose-related decrease by 39.2%, 76.5%, and 96.1% in hippocampus and by12.5%, 59.4%, and 78.1% in cerebral cortex, respectively (p < 0.05). In contrast, Clstn3 expression in these offspring brain regions was significantly increased (p < 0.05), after perinatal Pb exposure. The nature of Pb differential effect on Clstn2 and Clstn3 remains unknown. These observations suggest that Clstn2 and Clstn3 may have different roles in synaptic development and differentiation. Pb-induced learning defects may partly relate to the altered expression of calsyntenin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agriculture University, AgricultureRoad 63, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Shuai Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agriculture University, AgricultureRoad 63, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Mingwu Qiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agriculture University, AgricultureRoad 63, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yongxia Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agriculture University, AgricultureRoad 63, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yue Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agriculture University, AgricultureRoad 63, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Lianjun Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agriculture University, AgricultureRoad 63, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agriculture University, AgricultureRoad 63, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Guojun Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Henan Medical College, Henan, 451191, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agriculture University, AgricultureRoad 63, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
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Lopachev AV, Lagarkova MA, Lebedeva OS, Ezhova MA, Kazanskaya RB, Timoshina YA, Khutorova AV, Akkuratov EE, Fedorova TN, Gainetdinov RR. Ouabain-Induced Gene Expression Changes in Human iPSC-Derived Neuron Culture Expressing Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 and GABA Receptors. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020203. [PMID: 33562186 PMCID: PMC7915459 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) are specific inhibitors and endogenous ligands of a key enzyme in the CNS-the Na+, K+-ATPase, which maintains and creates an ion gradient on the plasma membrane of neurons. CTS cause the activation of various signaling cascades and changes in gene expression in neurons and other cell types. It is known that intracerebroventricular injection of cardiotonic steroid ouabain causes mania-like behavior in rodents, in part due to activation of dopamine-related signaling cascades in the dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 32 (DARPP-32) expressing medium spiny neurons in the striatum. Dopaminergic projections in the striatum innervate these GABAergic medium spiny neurons. The objective of this study was to assess changes in the expression of all genes in human iPSC-derived expressing DARPP-32 and GABA receptors neurons under the influence of ouabain. We noted a large number of statistically significant upregulated and downregulated genes after a 16-h incubation with non-toxic concentration (30 nM) of ouabain. These changes in the transcriptional activity were accomplished with activation of MAP-kinase ERK1/2 and transcriptional factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Thus, it can be concluded that 30 nM ouabain incubated for 16 h with human iPSC-derived expressing DARPP-32 and GABA receptors neurons activates genes associated with neuronal maturation and synapse formation, by increasing the expression of genes associated with translation, vesicular transport, and increased electron transport chain function. At the same time, the expression of genes associated with proliferation, migration, and early development of neurons decreases. These data indicate that non-toxic concentrations of ouabain may induce neuronal maturation, neurite growth, and increased synaptogenesis in dopamine-receptive GABAergic neurons, suggesting formation of plasticity and the establishment of new neuronal junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Lopachev
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.T.); (A.V.K.); (T.N.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria A. Lagarkova
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.L.); (O.S.L.)
| | - Olga S. Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.L.); (O.S.L.)
| | - Margarita A. Ezhova
- Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute for Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 127051 Moscow, Russia;
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rogneda B. Kazanskaya
- Biological Department, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Yulia A. Timoshina
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.T.); (A.V.K.); (T.N.F.)
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya V. Khutorova
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.T.); (A.V.K.); (T.N.F.)
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny E. Akkuratov
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Tatiana N. Fedorova
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.T.); (A.V.K.); (T.N.F.)
| | - Raul R. Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine and Saint Petersburg University Hospital, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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20
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Kim HY, Um JW, Ko J. Proper synaptic adhesion signaling in the control of neural circuit architecture and brain function. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 200:101983. [PMID: 33422662 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trans-synaptic cell-adhesion molecules are critical for governing various stages of synapse development and specifying neural circuit properties via the formation of multifarious signaling pathways. Recent studies have pinpointed the putative roles of trans-synaptic cell-adhesion molecules in mediating various cognitive functions. Here, we review the literature on the roles of a diverse group of central synaptic organizers, including neurexins (Nrxns), leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs), and their associated binding proteins, in regulating properties of specific type of synapses and neural circuits. In addition, we highlight the findings that aberrant synaptic adhesion signaling leads to alterations in the structures, transmission, and plasticity of specific synapses across diverse brain areas. These results seem to suggest that proper trans-synaptic signaling pathways by Nrxns, LAR-RPTPs, and their interacting network is likely to constitute central molecular complexes that form the basis for cognitive functions, and that these complexes are heterogeneously and complexly disrupted in many neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Um
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea; Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, South Korea.
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, South Korea.
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21
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Uchigashima M, Konno K, Demchak E, Cheung A, Watanabe T, Keener DG, Abe M, Le T, Sakimura K, Sasaoka T, Uemura T, Imamura Kawasawa Y, Watanabe M, Futai K. Specific Neuroligin3-αNeurexin1 signaling regulates GABAergic synaptic function in mouse hippocampus. eLife 2020; 9:e59545. [PMID: 33355091 PMCID: PMC7758064 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse formation and regulation require signaling interactions between pre- and postsynaptic proteins, notably cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). It has been proposed that the functions of neuroligins (Nlgns), postsynaptic CAMs, rely on the formation of trans-synaptic complexes with neurexins (Nrxns), presynaptic CAMs. Nlgn3 is a unique Nlgn isoform that localizes at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. However, Nlgn3 function mediated via Nrxn interactions is unknown. Here we demonstrate that Nlgn3 localizes at postsynaptic sites apposing vesicular glutamate transporter 3-expressing (VGT3+) inhibitory terminals and regulates VGT3+ inhibitory interneuron-mediated synaptic transmission in mouse organotypic slice cultures. Gene expression analysis of interneurons revealed that the αNrxn1+AS4 splice isoform is highly expressed in VGT3+ interneurons as compared with other interneurons. Most importantly, postsynaptic Nlgn3 requires presynaptic αNrxn1+AS4 expressed in VGT3+ interneurons to regulate inhibitory synaptic transmission. Our results indicate that specific Nlgn-Nrxn signaling generates distinct functional properties at synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motokazu Uchigashima
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Department of Cellular Neuropathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Kohtarou Konno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Emily Demchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyUnited States
| | - Amy Cheung
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - David G Keener
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Timmy Le
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Toshikuni Sasaoka
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Takeshi Uemura
- Division of Gene Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu UniversityNaganoJapan
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu UniversityNaganoJapan
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyUnited States
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Kensuke Futai
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
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22
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LAR-RPTPs Directly Interact with Neurexins to Coordinate Bidirectional Assembly of Molecular Machineries. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8438-8462. [PMID: 33037075 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1091-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurexins (Nrxns) and LAR-RPTPs (leukocyte common antigen-related protein tyrosine phosphatases) are presynaptic adhesion proteins responsible for organizing presynaptic machineries through interactions with nonoverlapping extracellular ligands. Here, we report that two members of the LAR-RPTP family, PTPσ and PTPδ, are required for the presynaptogenic activity of Nrxns. Intriguingly, Nrxn1 and PTPσ require distinct sets of intracellular proteins for the assembly of specific presynaptic terminals. In addition, Nrxn1α showed robust heparan sulfate (HS)-dependent, high-affinity interactions with Ig domains of PTPσ that were regulated by the splicing status of PTPσ. Furthermore, Nrxn1α WT, but not a Nrxn1α mutant lacking HS moieties (Nrxn1α ΔHS), inhibited postsynapse-inducing activity of PTPσ at excitatory, but not inhibitory, synapses. Similarly, cis expression of Nrxn1α WT, but not Nrxn1α ΔHS, suppressed the PTPσ-mediated maintenance of excitatory postsynaptic specializations in mouse cultured hippocampal neurons. Lastly, genetics analyses using male or female Drosophila Dlar and Dnrx mutant larvae identified epistatic interactions that control synapse formation and synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junctions. Our results suggest a novel synaptogenesis model whereby different presynaptic adhesion molecules combine with distinct regulatory codes to orchestrate specific synaptic adhesion pathways.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We provide evidence supporting the physical interactions of neurexins with leukocyte common-antigen related receptor tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs). The availability of heparan sulfates and alternative splicing of LAR-RPTPs regulate the binding affinity of these interactions. A set of intracellular presynaptic proteins is involved in common for Nrxn- and LAR-RPTP-mediated presynaptic assembly. PTPσ triggers glutamatergic and GABAergic postsynaptic differentiation in an alternative splicing-dependent manner, whereas Nrxn1α induces GABAergic postsynaptic differentiation in an alternative splicing-independent manner. Strikingly, Nrxn1α inhibits the glutamatergic postsynapse-inducing activity of PTPσ, suggesting that PTPσ and Nrxn1α might control recruitment of a different pool of postsynaptic machinery. Drosophila orthologs of Nrxns and LAR-RPTPs mediate epistatic interactions in controlling synapse structure and strength at neuromuscular junctions, underscoring the physiological significance in vivo.
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23
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Kim H, Kim D, Kim J, Lee HY, Park D, Kang H, Matsuda K, Sterky FH, Yuzaki M, Kim JY, Choi SY, Ko J, Um JW. Calsyntenin-3 interacts with both α- and β-neurexins in the regulation of excitatory synaptic innervation in specific Schaffer collateral pathways. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9244-9262. [PMID: 32434929 PMCID: PMC7335786 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calsyntenin-3 (Clstn3) is a postsynaptic adhesion molecule that induces presynaptic differentiation via presynaptic neurexins (Nrxns), but whether Nrxns directly bind to Clstn3 has been a matter of debate. Here, using LC-MS/MS-based protein analysis, confocal microscopy, RNAscope assays, and electrophysiological recordings, we show that β-Nrxns directly interact via their LNS domain with Clstn3 and Clstn3 cadherin domains. Expression of splice site 4 (SS4) insert-positive β-Nrxn variants, but not insert-negative variants, reversed the impaired Clstn3 synaptogenic activity observed in Nrxn-deficient neurons. Consistently, Clstn3 selectively formed complexes with SS4-positive Nrxns in vivo Neuron-specific Clstn3 deletion caused significant reductions in number of excitatory synaptic inputs. Moreover, expression of Clstn3 cadherin domains in CA1 neurons of Clstn3 conditional knockout mice rescued structural deficits in excitatory synapses, especially within the stratum radiatum layer. Collectively, our results suggest that Clstn3 links to SS4-positive Nrxns to induce presynaptic differentiation and orchestrate excitatory synapse development in specific hippocampal neural circuits, including Schaffer collateral afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonho Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jinhu Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongseok Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Kang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Korea
| | - Keiko Matsuda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fredrik H Sterky
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Ji Won Um
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Korea; Core Protein Resources Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, Korea.
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24
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Kim SJ, Jeong YT, Jeong SR, Park M, Go HS, Kim MY, Seong JK, Kim KW, Seo JT, Kim CH, Lee JH, Moon SJ. Neural regulation of energy and bone homeostasis by the synaptic adhesion molecule Calsyntenin-3. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:793-803. [PMID: 32382066 PMCID: PMC7272401 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal regulation of energy and bone metabolism is important for body homeostasis. Many studies have emphasized the importance of synaptic adhesion molecules in the formation of synapses, but their roles in physiology still await further characterization. Here, we found that the synaptic adhesion molecule Calsyntenin-3 (CLSTN3) regulates energy and bone homeostasis. Clstn3 global knockout mice show reduced body mass with improved leptin sensitivity and increased energy expenditure compared to their wild-type littermates. In addition, Clstn3 knockout mice show reduced marrow volume and cortical bone mass without alteration of trabecular bone microarchitecture. This reduced bone mass is not bone cell-autonomous because neither osteoblast- nor osteoclast-specific Clstn3 knockout mice show bone defects; similarly, in vitro cultures of both Clstn3 knockout osteoblasts and osteoclasts do not show any defects. These reduced body and bone mass phenotypes can be attributed instead to neuronal CLSTN3 because they are recapitulated by pan-neuronal but not sympathetic neuron-specific deletion of Clstn3. This study reveals novel physiological functions of neuronal Clstn3 as a key regulator of energy and bone homeostasis. A protein that is highly expressed in brain cells plays a vital role in maintaining balanced energy expenditure and bone health. Recent research indicates that protein activity within brain cells can directly influence energy and bone metabolism. Disruption to these proteins may therefore be associated with obesity and osteoporosis. In experiments on mice, Seok Jun Moon at Yonsei University College of Dentistry in Seoul, South Korea and co-workers found that the protein calsyntenin-3 is expressed at high levels in brain cells. Mice lacking the protein had reduced body mass and growth rate, increased energy expenditure, and lower overall bone mass. This was true regardless of their diet, suggesting they were resistant to diet-induced obesity. The team believe calsyntenin-3 is one of several key brain-based regulators of energy and bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yong Taek Jeong
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Se Rok Jeong
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Munsu Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Go
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Mi Young Kim
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jeong Taeg Seo
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jun Moon
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Yonsei-ro 50-1, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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25
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Lewis V, Laberge F, Heyland A. Temporal Profile of Brain Gene Expression After Prey Catching Conditioning in an Anuran Amphibian. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1407. [PMID: 31992968 PMCID: PMC6971186 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A key goal in modern neurobiology is to understand the mechanisms underlying learning and memory. To that end, it is essential to identify the patterns of gene expression and the temporal sequence of molecular events associated with learning and memory processes. It is also important to ascertain if and how these molecular events vary between organisms. In vertebrates, learning and memory processes are characterized by distinct phases of molecular activity involving gene transcription, structural change, and long-term maintenance of such structural change in the nervous system. Utilizing next generation sequencing techniques, we profiled the temporal expression patterns of genes in the brain of the fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis after prey catching conditioning. The fire-bellied toad is a basal tetrapod whose neural architecture and molecular pathways may help us understand the ancestral state of learning and memory mechanisms in tetrapods. Differential gene expression following conditioning revealed activity in molecular pathways related to immediate early genes (IEG), cytoskeletal modification, axon guidance activity, and apoptotic processes. Conditioning induced early IEG activity coinciding with transcriptional activity and neuron structural modification, followed by axon guidance and cell adhesion activity, and late neuronal pruning. While some of these gene expression patterns are similar to those found in mammals submitted to conditioning, some interesting divergent expression profiles were seen, and differential expression of some well-known learning-related mammalian genes is missing altogether. These results highlight the importance of using a comparative approach in the study of the mechanisms of leaning and memory and provide molecular resources for a novel vertebrate model in the relatively poorly studied Amphibia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vern Lewis
- Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andreas Heyland
- Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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26
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McCarthy FM, Pendarvis K, Cooksey AM, Gresham CR, Bomhoff M, Davey S, Lyons E, Sonstegard TS, Bridges SM, Burgess SC. Chickspress: a resource for chicken gene expression. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2020; 2019:5512474. [PMID: 31210271 PMCID: PMC6556980 DOI: 10.1093/database/baz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing and proteomics technologies are markedly increasing the amount of RNA and peptide data that are available to researchers, which are typically made publicly available via data repositories such as the NCBI Sequence Read Archive and proteome archives, respectively. These data sets contain valuable information about when and where gene products are expressed, but this information is not readily obtainable from archived data sets. Here we report Chickspress (http://geneatlas.arl.arizona.edu), the first publicly available gene expression resource for chicken tissues. Since there is no single source of chicken gene models, Chickspress incorporates both NCBI and Ensembl gene models and links these gene sets with experimental gene expression data and QTL information. By linking gene models from both NCBI and Ensembl gene prediction pipelines, researchers can, for the first time, easily compare gene models from each of these prediction workflows to available experimental data for these products. We use Chickspress data to show the differences between these gene annotation pipelines. Chickspress also provides rapid search, visualization and download capacity for chicken gene sets based upon tissue type, developmental stage and experiment type. This first Chickspress release contains 161 gene expression data sets, including expression of mRNAs, miRNAs, proteins and peptides. We provide several examples demonstrating how researchers may use this resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M McCarthy
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, USA
| | - Ken Pendarvis
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, USA
| | - Amanda M Cooksey
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, USA
| | - Cathy R Gresham
- Institute of Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville MS, USA
| | - Matt Bomhoff
- School of Plant Sciences, CyVerse, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ , USA
| | - Sean Davey
- School of Plant Sciences, CyVerse, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ , USA
| | - Eric Lyons
- School of Plant Sciences, CyVerse, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ , USA
| | - Tad S Sonstegard
- United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville MD, USA
| | - Susan M Bridges
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville MS, USA
| | - Shane C Burgess
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, USA
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27
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Plucińska K, Jespersen NZ, Brown EL, Petersen PS, Rupar K, Nielsen S, Scheele C, Emanuelli B. Calsyntenin 3β Is Dynamically Regulated by Temperature in Murine Brown Adipose and Marks Human Multilocular Fat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:579785. [PMID: 33101212 PMCID: PMC7546853 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.579785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of thermogenic adipose tissue is linked to improved metabolic outcomes in mice and humans. Dissipation of energy as heat during thermogenesis relies on sufficient innervation of fat by sympathetic nerve fibers, a process recently proposed to be regulated by the adipose-specific calsyntenin3β (Clstn3β)-S100b axis. Here we aimed 1) to assess enrichment patterns of CLSTN3β, S100b as well as the previously annotated neuronal CLSTN3α in perirenal brown and subcutaneous white human fat specimens, and 2) to investigate if the novel Clstn3β is dynamically regulated by changes in environmental temperatures and nutritional stress in thermogenic adipose tissues in mice. We provide evidence for CLSTN3β enrichment in multilocular perirenal fat located anatomically in the proximity to both the adrenal gland and sympathetic nerve bundles innervating the kidney in humans. Moreover, transcript levels of CLSTN3β, but not S100b or CLSTN3α, positively correlate with uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in human adipose tissue. Our results further show that Clsnt3β is preferentially expressed in brown adipocytes and is highly responsive to changes in environmental temperature and obesity state in mice. Collectively, this brief communication highlights CLSTN3β as a hallmark of thermogenic adipose depots in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Plucińska
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Z. Jespersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erin L. Brown
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patricia S. Petersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaja Rupar
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Nielsen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Brice Emanuelli,
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Hata S, Omori C, Kimura A, Saito H, Kimura N, Gupta V, Pedrini S, Hone E, Chatterjee P, Taddei K, Kasuga K, Ikeuchi T, Waragai M, Nishimura M, Hu A, Nakaya T, Meijer L, Maeda M, Yamamoto T, Masters CL, Rowe CC, Ames D, Yamamoto K, Martins RN, Gandy S, Suzuki T. Decrease in p3-Alcβ37 and p3-Alcβ40, products of Alcadein β generated by γ-secretase cleavages, in aged monkeys and patients with Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2019; 5:740-750. [PMID: 31754625 PMCID: PMC6854065 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Neuronal p3-Alcβ peptides are generated from the precursor protein Alcadein β (Alcβ) through cleavage by α- and γ-secretases of the amyloid β (Aβ) protein precursor (APP). To reveal whether p3-Alcβ is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) contributes for the development of novel therapy and/or drug targets. Methods We developed new sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA) systems to quantitate levels of p3-Alcβ in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results In monkeys, CSF p3-Alcβ decreases with age, and the aging is also accompanied by decreased brain expression of Alcβ. In humans, CSF p3-Alcβ levels decrease to a greater extent in those with AD than in age-matched controls. Subjects carrying presenilin gene mutations show a significantly lower CSF p3-Alcβ level. A cell study with an inverse modulator of γ-secretase remarkably reduces the generation of p3-Alcβ37 while increasing the production of Aβ42. Discussion Aging decreases the generation of p3-Alcβ, and further significant decrease of p3-Alcβ caused by aberrant γ-secretase activity may accelerate pathogenesis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Hata
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Corresponding author. Tel.:+81-11-706-3250; Fax: +81-11-706-4991.
| | - Chiori Omori
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ayano Kimura
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruka Saito
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kimura
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Veer Gupta
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Edith Cowan University, Joodalup, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Steve Pedrini
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kensaku Kasuga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaaki Waragai
- Department of Neurology, Higashi Matsudo Municipal Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishimura
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Anqi Hu
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakaya
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Laurent Meijer
- ManRos Therapeutics, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Masahiro Maeda
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd. (IBL), Fujioka, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Colin L. Masters
- Neurodegeneration Division, The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris C. Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old age, St. George's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Edith Cowan University, Joodalup, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sam Gandy
- Mount Sinai Center for Cognitive Health and NFL Neurological Care, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Toshiharu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Corresponding author. Tel.:+81-11-706-3250; Fax: +81-11-706-4991.
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Cheng K, Chen YS, Yue CX, Zhang SM, Pei YP, Cheng GR, Liu D, Xu L, Dong HX, Zeng Y. Calsyntenin-1 Negatively Regulates ICAM5 Accumulation in Postsynaptic Membrane and Influences Dendritic Spine Maturation in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1098. [PMID: 31680833 PMCID: PMC6813673 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes intellectual disability, as well as the leading monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), in which neurons show aberrant dendritic spine structure. The reduction/absence of the functional FMRP protein, coded by the X-linked Fmr1 gene in humans, is responsible for the syndrome. Targets of FMRP, CLSTN1, and ICAM5, play critical roles in the maturation of dendritic spines, synapse formation and synaptic plasticity. However, the implication of CLSTN1 and ICAM5 in dendritic spine abnormalities and the underlying neuropathologic processes in FXS remain uninvestigated. In this study, we demonstrated that CLSTN1 co-localizes and co-transports with ICAM5 in cultured cortical neurons. Also we showed that shRNA-mediated downregulation of CLSTN1 in cultured WT neurons increases ICAM5 on the surface of synaptic membrane, subsequently affecting the maturation of dendritic spines. Whereas, normalization of CLSTN1 level in Fmr1 KO neurons reduces ICAM5 abundance and rescues impaired dendritic spine phenotypes. Most importantly, CLSTN1 protein is reduced in the postnatal medial prefrontal cortex of Fmr1 KO mice, which is correlated with increased ICAM5 levels on the surface of synapses and excessive filopodia-like spines. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that CLSTN1 plays a critical role in dendritic spine formation and maturation in FXS by regulating ICAM5 redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cheng
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Big Data Science and Engineering Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Big Data Science and Engineering Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao-Xiong Yue
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Big Data Science and Engineering Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Ming Zhang
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Big Data Science and Engineering Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Ping Pei
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Big Data Science and Engineering Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gui-Rong Cheng
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Big Data Science and Engineering Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Big Data Science and Engineering Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lang Xu
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Big Data Science and Engineering Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Xin Dong
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Big Data Science and Engineering Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Big Data Science and Engineering Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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30
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Kim B. Evolutionarily conserved and divergent functions for cell adhesion molecules in neural circuit assembly. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2061-2068. [PMID: 30779135 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The developing nervous system generates remarkably precise synaptic connections between neurons and their postsynaptic target cells. Numerous neural cell adhesion proteins have been identified to mediate cell recognition between synaptic partners in several model organisms. Here, I review the role of protein interactions of cell adhesion molecules in neural circuit assembly and address how these interactions are utilized to form different neural circuitries in different species. The emerging evidence suggests that the extracellular trans-interactions of cell adhesion proteins for neural wiring are evolutionarily conserved across taxa, but they are often used in different steps of circuit assembly. I also highlight how these conserved protein interactions work together as a group to specify neural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghyuk Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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31
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Chen SQ, Niu Q, Ju LP, Alimujiang M, Yan H, Bai NN, Xu J, Fang QC, Han JF, Yang Y, Jia WP. Predicted secreted protein analysis reveals synaptogenic function of Clstn3 during WAT browning and BAT activation in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:999-1009. [PMID: 30796355 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and enhancing brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity are attractive therapeutic strategies for obesity and its metabolic complications. Targeting sympathetic innervation in WAT and BAT represents a promising therapeutic concept. However, there are few reports on extracellular microenvironment remodeling, especially changes in nerve terminal connections. Identifying the key molecules mediating the neuro-adipose synaptic junctions is a key point. In this study, we used bioinformatics methods to identify the differentially expressed predicted secreted genes (DEPSGs) during WAT browning and BAT activation. These DEPSGs largely reflect changes of cytokines, extracellular matrix remodeling, vascularization, and adipocyte-neuronal cross-talk. We then performed functional enrichment and cellular distribution specificity analyses. The upregulated and downregulated DEPDGs during WAT browning displayed a distinctive biological pattern and cellular distribution. We listed a cluster of adipocyte-enriched DEPSGs, which might participate in the cross-talk between mature adipocytes and other cells; then identified a synaptogenic adhesion molecule, Clstn3, as the top gene expressed enriched in both mature white and brown adipocytes. Using Q-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we found significantly increased Clstn3 expression level during WAT browning and BAT activation in mice subjected to cold exposure (4 °C). We further demonstrated that treatment with isoproterenol significantly increased Clstn3 and UCP1 expression in differentiated white and beige adipocytes in vitro. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the secretion pattern was somewhat different between WAT browning and BAT activation. We reveal that Clstn3 may be a key gene mediating the neuro-adipose junction formation or remodeling in WAT browning and BAT activation process.
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32
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Colás-Algora N, Millán J. How many cadherins do human endothelial cells express? Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1299-1317. [PMID: 30552441 PMCID: PMC11105309 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vasculature is the paradigm of a compartment generated by parallel cellular barriers that aims to transport oxygen, nutrients and immune cells in complex organisms. Vascular barrier dysfunction leads to fatal acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. The endothelial barrier lines the inner side of vessels and is the main regulator of vascular permeability. Cadherins comprise a superfamily of 114 calcium-dependent adhesion proteins that contain conserved cadherin motifs and form cell-cell junctions in metazoans. In mature human endothelial cells, only VE (vascular endothelial)-cadherin and N (neural)-cadherin have been investigated in detail. Although both cadherins are essential for regulating endothelial permeability, no comprehensive expression studies to identify which other family members could play a relevant role in endothelial cells has so far been performed. Here, we have reviewed gene and protein expression databases to analyze cadherin expression in mature human endothelium and found that at least 24 cadherin superfamily members are significantly expressed. Based on data obtained from other cell types, organisms and experimental models, we discuss their potential functions, many of them unrelated to the formation of endothelial cell-cell junctions. The expression of this new set of endothelial cadherins highlights the important but still poorly defined roles of planar cell polarity, the Hippo pathway and mitochondria metabolism in human vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Colás-Algora
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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33
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Neurexins - versatile molecular platforms in the synaptic cleft. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 54:112-121. [PMID: 30831539 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurexins constitute a large family of synaptic organizers. Their extracellular domains protrude into the synaptic cleft where they can form transsynaptic bridges with different partners. A unique constellation of structural elements within their ectodomains enables neurexins to create molecular platforms within the synaptic cleft that permit a large portfolio of partners to be recruited, assembled and their interactions to be dynamically regulated. Neurexins and their partners are implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases including autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Detailed understanding of the mechanisms that underlie neurexin interactions may in future guide the design of tools to manipulate synaptic connections and their function, in particular those involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disease.
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34
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Mansilla A, Jordán-Álvarez S, Santana E, Jarabo P, Casas-Tintó S, Ferrús A. Molecular mechanisms that change synapse number. J Neurogenet 2018; 32:155-170. [DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2018.1506781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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35
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Dynamics, nanoscale organization, and function of synaptic adhesion molecules. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:95-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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36
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PTPσ Drives Excitatory Presynaptic Assembly via Various Extracellular and Intracellular Mechanisms. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6700-6721. [PMID: 29934346 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0672-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte common antigen-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are hub proteins that organize excitatory and inhibitory synapse development through binding to various extracellular ligands. Here, we report that knockdown (KD) of the LAR-RPTP family member PTPσ reduced excitatory synapse number and transmission in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, whereas KD of PTPδ produced comparable decreases at inhibitory synapses, in both cases without altering expression levels of interacting proteins. An extensive series of rescue experiments revealed that extracellular interactions of PTPσ with Slitrks are important for excitatory synapse development. These experiments further showed that the intracellular D2 domain of PTPσ is required for induction of heterologous synapse formation by Slitrk1 or TrkC, suggesting that interaction of LAR-RPTPs with distinct intracellular presynaptic proteins, drives presynaptic machinery assembly. Consistent with this, double-KD of liprin-α2 and -α3 or KD of PTPσ substrates (N-cadherin and p250RhoGAP) in neurons inhibited Slitrk6-induced, PTPσ-mediated heterologous synapse formation activity. We propose a synaptogenesis model in presynaptic neurons involving LAR-RPTP-organized retrograde signaling cascades, in which both extracellular and intracellular mechanisms are critical in orchestrating distinct synapse types.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this study, we sought to test the unproven hypothesis that PTPσ and PTPδ are required for excitatory and inhibitory synapse formation/transmission, respectively, in cultured hippocampal neurons, using knockdown-based loss-of-function analyses. We further performed extensive structure-function analyses, focusing on PTPσ-mediated actions, to address the mechanisms of presynaptic assembly at excitatory synaptic sites. Using interdisciplinary approaches, we systematically applied a varied set of PTPσ deletion variants, point mutants, and splice variants to demonstrate that both extracellular and intracellular mechanisms are involved in organizing presynaptic assembly. Strikingly, extracellular interactions of PTPσ with heparan sulfates and Slitrks, intracellular interactions of PTPσ with liprin-α and its associated proteins through the D2 domain, as well as distinct substrates are all critical.
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37
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Lorenz-Guertin JM, Jacob TC. GABA type a receptor trafficking and the architecture of synaptic inhibition. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:238-270. [PMID: 28901728 PMCID: PMC6589839 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitous expression of GABA type A receptors (GABAA R) in the central nervous system establishes their central role in coordinating most aspects of neural function and development. Dysregulation of GABAergic neurotransmission manifests in a number of human health disorders and conditions that in certain cases can be alleviated by drugs targeting these receptors. Precise changes in the quantity or activity of GABAA Rs localized at the cell surface and at GABAergic postsynaptic sites directly impact the strength of inhibition. The molecular mechanisms constituting receptor trafficking to and from these compartments therefore dictate the efficacy of GABAA R function. Here we review the current understanding of how GABAA Rs traffic through biogenesis, plasma membrane transport, and degradation. Emphasis is placed on discussing novel GABAergic synaptic proteins, receptor and scaffolding post-translational modifications, activity-dependent changes in GABAA R confinement, and neuropeptide and neurosteroid mediated changes. We further highlight modern techniques currently advancing the knowledge of GABAA R trafficking and clinically relevant neurodevelopmental diseases connected to GABAergic dysfunction. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 238-270, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Lorenz-Guertin
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261
| | - Tija C Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261
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38
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Regulation of Glutamate Signaling in the Sensorimotor Circuit by CASY-1A/Calsyntenin in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2018; 208:1553-1564. [PMID: 29475851 PMCID: PMC5887148 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Locomotion is one of the most prominent behaviors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Neuronal circuits that ultimately produce coordinated dorso-ventral sinusoidal bends mediate this behavior. Synchronized locomotion requires an intricate balance between excitation and inhibition at the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ), the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms of which are not fully understood. Here, we describe the role of a cell adhesion molecule CASY-1, which functions to maintain this balance at the NMJ. In this study, we dissect out mechanisms by which the longer CASY-1A isoform could be affecting the excitatory cholinergic signaling at the NMJ by modulating the activity of sensory neurons. Mutants in casy-1 appear to have hyperactive sensory neurons, resulting in accelerated locomotion and motor circuit activity. These sensory neurons mediate increased motor activity via enhanced glutamate release. Using genetic, pharmacological, and optogenetic manipulations, we establish that CASY-1A is required to monitor the activity of these neurons. Our study illustrates a novel neuromodulatory role of CASY-1-mediated signaling in regulating the excitation-inhibition balance of the motor circuit.
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39
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Gu X, Lu W. Genetic deletion of NMDA receptors suppresses GABAergic synaptic transmission in two distinct types of central neurons. Neurosci Lett 2018; 668:147-153. [PMID: 29355693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDARs) play an important role in the regulation of synapse development and function in the brain. Recently we have shown that NMDARs are critical for GABAergic synapse development in developing hippocampal neurons. However, it remains unclear whether NMDARs are important for establishment of GABAergic synaptic transmission in other types of neurons in the brain. Here we report that in both cortical pyramidal neurons and midbrain dopamine neurons in ventral tegmental area (VTA), genetic deletion of the GluN1 subunit, which is required for assembly of functional NMDARs, leads to a strong reduction of GABAergic synaptic transmission. These data demonstrate that NMDARs play an important role in the development of GABAergic synaptic transmission in two types of neurons with distinct developmental origins, and suggest that NMDARs are commonly involved in development of GABAergic synaptic transmission in different types of neurons in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Gu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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40
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Südhof TC. Synaptic Neurexin Complexes: A Molecular Code for the Logic of Neural Circuits. Cell 2017; 171:745-769. [PMID: 29100073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synapses are specialized junctions between neurons in brain that transmit and compute information, thereby connecting neurons into millions of overlapping and interdigitated neural circuits. Here, we posit that the establishment, properties, and dynamics of synapses are governed by a molecular logic that is controlled by diverse trans-synaptic signaling molecules. Neurexins, expressed in thousands of alternatively spliced isoforms, are central components of this dynamic code. Presynaptic neurexins regulate synapse properties via differential binding to multifarious postsynaptic ligands, such as neuroligins, cerebellin/GluD complexes, and latrophilins, thereby shaping the input/output relations of their resident neural circuits. Mutations in genes encoding neurexins and their ligands are associated with diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia, autism, and Tourette syndrome. Thus, neurexins nucleate an overall trans-synaptic signaling network that controls synapse properties, which thereby determines the precise responses of synapses to spike patterns in a neuron and circuit and which is vulnerable to impairments in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, 265 Campus Drive, CA 94305-5453, USA.
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41
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Sobu Y, Furukori K, Chiba K, Nairn AC, Kinjo M, Hata S, Suzuki T. Phosphorylation of multiple sites within an acidic region of Alcadein α is required for kinesin-1 association and Golgi exit of Alcadein α cargo. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3844-3856. [PMID: 29093024 PMCID: PMC5739299 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-05-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcadein a (Alca) is reported to function as a cargo receptor when associated with kinesin-1. Phosphorylation of three serine residues in the acidic region located between the two WD motifs of Alca is required for interaction with kinesin-1 and Golgi exit of Alca cargo. Alcadein α (Alcα) is a major cargo of kinesin-1 that is subjected to anterograde transport in neuronal axons. Two tryptophan- and aspartic acid-containing (WD) motifs located in its cytoplasmic domain directly bind the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs of the kinesin light chain (KLC), which activate kinesin-1 and recruit kinesin-1 to Alcα cargo. We found that phosphorylation of three serine residues in the acidic region located between the two WD motifs is required for interaction with KLC. Phosphorylation of these serine residues may alter the disordered structure of the acidic region to induce direct association with KLC. Replacement of these serines with Ala results in a mutant that is unable to bind kinesin-1, which impairs exit of Alcα cargo from the Golgi. Despite this deficiency, the compromised Alcα mutant was still transported, albeit improperly by vesicles following missorting of the Alcα mutant with amyloid β-protein precursor (APP) cargo. This suggests that APP partially compensates for defective Alcα in anterograde transport by providing an alternative cargo receptor for kinesin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Sobu
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Keiko Furukori
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508
| | - Kyoko Chiba
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Angus C Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508
| | - Masataka Kinjo
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Saori Hata
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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42
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Trafficking in Alzheimer's Disease: Modulation of APP Transport and Processing by the Transmembrane Proteins LRP1, SorLA, SorCS1c, Sortilin, and Calsyntenin. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5809-5829. [PMID: 29079999 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP), one key player in Alzheimer's disease (AD), is extensively processed by different proteases. This leads to the generation of diverging fragments including the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, which accumulates in brains of AD patients. Subcellular trafficking of APP is an important aspect for its proteolytic conversion, since the various secretases which cleave APP are located in different cellular compartments. As a consequence, altered subcellular targeting of APP is thought to directly affect the degree to which Aβ is generated. The mechanisms underlying intracellular APP transport are critical to understand AD pathogenesis and can serve as a target for future pharmacological interventions. In the recent years, a number of APP interacting proteins were identified which are implicated in sorting of APP, thereby influencing APP processing at different angles of the secretory or endocytic pathway. This review provides an update on the proteolytic processing of APP and the interplay of the transmembrane proteins low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, sortilin-receptor with A-type repeats, SorCS1c, sortilin, and calsyntenin. We discuss the specific interactions with APP, the capacity to modulate the intracellular itinerary and the proteolytic conversion of APP, a possible involvement in the clearance of Aβ, and the implications of these transmembrane proteins in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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de Ramon Francàs G, Alther T, Stoeckli ET. Calsyntenins Are Expressed in a Dynamic and Partially Overlapping Manner during Neural Development. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:76. [PMID: 28912692 PMCID: PMC5582071 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Calsyntenins form a family of linker proteins between distinct populations of vesicles and kinesin motors for axonal transport. They were implicated in synapse formation and synaptic plasticity by findings in worms, mice and humans. These findings were in accordance with the postsynaptic localization of the Calsyntenins in the adult brain. However, they also affect the formation of neural circuits, as loss of Calsyntenin-1 (Clstn1) was shown to interfere with axonal branching and axon guidance. Despite the fact that Calsyntenins were discovered originally in embryonic chicken motoneurons, their distribution in the developing nervous system has not been analyzed in detail so far. Here, we summarize our analysis of the temporal and spatial expression patterns of the cargo-docking proteins Clstn1, Clstn2 and Clstn3 during neural development by comparing the dynamic distribution of their mRNAs by in situ hybridization in the spinal cord, the cerebellum, the retina and the tectum, as well as in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma de Ramon Francàs
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Alther
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther T Stoeckli
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
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44
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Krueger-Burg D, Papadopoulos T, Brose N. Organizers of inhibitory synapses come of age. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 45:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Bibollet-Bahena O, Okafuji T, Hokamp K, Tear G, Mitchell KJ. A dual-strategy expression screen for candidate connectivity labels in the developing thalamus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177977. [PMID: 28558017 PMCID: PMC5448750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamus or “inner chamber” of the brain is divided into ~30 discrete nuclei, with highly specific patterns of afferent and efferent connectivity. To identify genes that may direct these patterns of connectivity, we used two strategies. First, we used a bioinformatics pipeline to survey the predicted proteomes of nematode, fruitfly, mouse and human for extracellular proteins containing any of a list of motifs found in known guidance or connectivity molecules. Second, we performed clustering analyses on the Allen Developing Mouse Brain Atlas data to identify genes encoding surface proteins expressed with temporal profiles similar to known guidance or connectivity molecules. In both cases, we then screened the resultant genes for selective expression patterns in the developing thalamus. These approaches identified 82 candidate connectivity labels in the developing thalamus. These molecules include many members of the Ephrin, Eph-receptor, cadherin, protocadherin, semaphorin, plexin, Odz/teneurin, Neto, cerebellin, calsyntenin and Netrin-G families, as well as diverse members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) and leucine-rich receptor (LRR) superfamilies, receptor tyrosine kinases and phosphatases, a variety of growth factors and receptors, and a large number of miscellaneous membrane-associated or secreted proteins not previously implicated in axonal guidance or neuronal connectivity. The diversity of their expression patterns indicates that thalamic nuclei are highly differentiated from each other, with each one displaying a unique repertoire of these molecules, consistent with a combinatorial logic to the specification of thalamic connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatsuya Okafuji
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karsten Hokamp
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guy Tear
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New Hunt’s House, Guy’s Campus, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J. Mitchell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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46
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Majerova P, Barath P, Michalicova A, Katina S, Novak M, Kovac A. Changes of Cerebrospinal Fluid Peptides due to Tauopathy. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 58:507-520. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- AXON Neuroscience R&D, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Barath
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alena Michalicova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- AXON Neuroscience R&D, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Stanislav Katina
- AXON Neuroscience R&D, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Novak
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- AXON Neuroscience R&D, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- AXON Neuroscience R&D, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Lee TJ, Lee JW, Haynes EM, Eliceiri KW, Halloran MC. The Kinesin Adaptor Calsyntenin-1 Organizes Microtubule Polarity and Regulates Dynamics during Sensory Axon Arbor Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:107. [PMID: 28473757 PMCID: PMC5397401 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon growth and branching, and development of neuronal polarity are critically dependent on proper organization and dynamics of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton. MTs must organize with correct polarity for delivery of diverse cargos to appropriate subcellular locations, yet the molecular mechanisms regulating MT polarity remain poorly understood. Moreover, how an actively branching axon reorganizes MTs to direct their plus ends distally at branch points is unknown. We used high-speed, in vivo imaging of polymerizing MT plus ends to characterize MT dynamics in developing sensory axon arbors in zebrafish embryos. We find that axonal MTs are highly dynamic throughout development, and that the peripheral and central axons of sensory neurons show differences in MT behaviors. Furthermore, we show that Calsyntenin-1 (Clstn-1), a kinesin adaptor required for sensory axon branching, also regulates MT polarity in developing axon arbors. In wild type neurons the vast majority of MTs are directed in the correct plus-end-distal orientation from early stages of development. Loss of Clstn-1 causes an increase in MTs polymerizing in the retrograde direction. These misoriented MTs most often are found near growth cones and branch points, suggesting Clstn-1 is particularly important for organizing MT polarity at these locations. Together, our results suggest that Clstn-1, in addition to regulating kinesin-mediated cargo transport, also organizes the underlying MT highway during axon arbor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan J Lee
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Jacob W Lee
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Haynes
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Mary C Halloran
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
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48
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Guénette S, Strecker P, Kins S. APP Protein Family Signaling at the Synapse: Insights from Intracellular APP-Binding Proteins. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:87. [PMID: 28424586 PMCID: PMC5371672 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying amyloid precursor protein family (APP/APP-like proteins, APLP) function in the nervous system can be achieved by studying the APP/APLP interactome. In this review article, we focused on intracellular APP interacting proteins that bind the YENPTY internalization motif located in the last 15 amino acids of the C-terminal region. These proteins, which include X11/Munc-18-interacting proteins (Mints) and FE65/FE65Ls, represent APP cytosolic binding partners exhibiting different neuronal functions. A comparison of FE65 and APP family member mutant mice revealed a shared function for APP/FE65 protein family members in neurogenesis and neuronal positioning. Accumulating evidence also supports a role for membrane-associated APP/APLP proteins in synapse formation and function. Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that APP/APLP C-terminal interacting proteins transmit APP/APLP-dependent signals at the synapse. Herein, we compare our current knowledge of the synaptic phenotypes of APP/APLP mutant mice with those of mice lacking different APP/APLP interaction partners and discuss the possible downstream effects of APP-dependent FE65/FE65L or X11/Mint signaling on synaptic vesicle release, synaptic morphology and function. Given that the role of X11/Mint proteins at the synapse is well-established, we propose a model highlighting the role of FE65 protein family members for transduction of APP/APLP physiological function at the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Strecker
- Department of Biology, Division of Human Biology, University of KaiserslauternKaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Department of Biology, Division of Human Biology, University of KaiserslauternKaiserslautern, Germany
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49
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Dynamic Control of Synaptic Adhesion and Organizing Molecules in Synaptic Plasticity. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:6526151. [PMID: 28255461 PMCID: PMC5307005 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6526151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses play a critical role in establishing and maintaining neural circuits, permitting targeted information transfer throughout the brain. A large portfolio of synaptic adhesion/organizing molecules (SAMs) exists in the mammalian brain involved in synapse development and maintenance. SAMs bind protein partners, forming trans-complexes spanning the synaptic cleft or cis-complexes attached to the same synaptic membrane. SAMs play key roles in cell adhesion and in organizing protein interaction networks; they can also provide mechanisms of recognition, generate scaffolds onto which partners can dock, and likely take part in signaling processes as well. SAMs are regulated through a portfolio of different mechanisms that affect their protein levels, precise localization, stability, and the availability of their partners at synapses. Interaction of SAMs with their partners can further be strengthened or weakened through alternative splicing, competing protein partners, ectodomain shedding, or astrocytically secreted factors. Given that numerous SAMs appear altered by synaptic activity, in vivo, these molecules may be used to dynamically scale up or scale down synaptic communication. Many SAMs, including neurexins, neuroligins, cadherins, and contactins, are now implicated in neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases, such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder and studying their molecular mechanisms holds promise for developing novel therapeutics.
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50
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Fowler DK, Peters JH, Williams C, Washbourne P. Redundant Postsynaptic Functions of SynCAMs 1-3 during Synapse Formation. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:24. [PMID: 28197078 PMCID: PMC5281628 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the roles of synaptogenic adhesion molecules during synapse formation has proven challenging, often due to compensatory functions between additional family members. The synaptic cell adhesion molecules 1–3 (SynCAM1–3) are expressed both pre- and postsynaptically, share highly homologous domains and are synaptogenic when ectopically presented to neurons; yet their endogenous functions during synaptogenesis are unclear. Here we report that SynCAM1–3 are functionally redundant and collectively necessary for synapse formation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Only triple knockdown (KD) of SynCAM1–3 using highly efficient, chained artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) reduced synapse density and increased synapse area. Electrophysiological recordings of quantal release events supported an increase in synapse size caused by SynCAM1–3 depletion. Furthermore, a combinatorial, mosaic lentiviral approach comparing wild type (WT) and SynCAM1–3 KD neurons in the same culture demonstrate that SynCAM1–3 set synapse number and size through postsynaptic mechanisms. The results demonstrate that the redundancy between SynCAM1–3 has concealed their synaptogenic function at the postsynaptic terminal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Fowler
- Department of Biology, Institute of Neuroscience, University of OregonEugene, OR, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - James H Peters
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Carly Williams
- Department of Biology, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Philip Washbourne
- Department of Biology, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon Eugene, OR, USA
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