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Kim J, Diaz LF, Miller MJ, Leadem B, Krivega I, Dean A. An enhancer RNA recruits KMT2A to regulate transcription of Myb. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114378. [PMID: 38889007 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The Myb proto-oncogene encodes the transcription factor c-MYB, which is critical for hematopoiesis. Distant enhancers of Myb form a hub of interactions with the Myb promoter. We identified a long non-coding RNA (Myrlin) originating from the -81-kb murine Myb enhancer. Myrlin and Myb are coordinately regulated during erythroid differentiation. Myrlin TSS deletion using CRISPR-Cas9 reduced Myrlin and Myb expression and LDB1 complex occupancy at the Myb enhancers, compromising enhancer contacts and reducing RNA Pol II occupancy in the locus. In contrast, CRISPRi silencing of Myrlin left LDB1 and the Myb enhancer hub unperturbed, although Myrlin and Myb expressions were downregulated, decoupling transcription and chromatin looping. Myrlin interacts with the KMT2A/MLL1 complex. Myrlin CRISPRi compromised KMT2A occupancy in the Myb locus, decreasing CDK9 and RNA Pol II binding and resulting in Pol II pausing in the Myb first exon/intron. Thus, Myrlin directly participates in activating Myb transcription by recruiting KMT2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Luis F Diaz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Matthew J Miller
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; University of Iowa Medical School, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Benjamin Leadem
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Ivan Krivega
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Sonothera, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ann Dean
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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2
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Yang Z, Zhang G, Zhao R, Tian T, Zhi J, Wei G, Roeder RG, Jing L, Yu M. MLL-AF9 regulates transcriptional initiation in mixed lineage leukemic cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107566. [PMID: 39002676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage leukemia-fusion proteins (MLL-FPs) are believed to maintain gene activation and induce MLL through aberrantly stimulating transcriptional elongation, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we show that both MLL1 and AF9, one of the major fusion partners of MLL1, mainly occupy promoters and distal intergenic regions, exhibiting chromatin occupancy patterns resembling that of RNA polymerase II in HEL, a human erythroleukemia cell line without MLL1 rearrangement. MLL1 and AF9 only coregulate over a dozen genes despite of their co-occupancy on thousands of genes. They do not interact with each other, and their chromatin occupancy is also independent of each other. Moreover, AF9 deficiency in HEL cells decreases global TBP occupancy while decreases CDK9 occupancy on a small number of genes, suggesting an accessory role of AF9 in CDK9 recruitment and a possible major role in transcriptional initiation via initiation factor recruitment. Importantly, MLL1 and MLL-AF9 occupy promoters and distal intergenic regions, exhibiting identical chromatin occupancy patterns in MLL cells, and MLL-AF9 deficiency decreased occupancy of TBP and TFIIE on major target genes of MLL-AF9 in iMA9, a murine acute myeloid leukemia cell line inducibly expressing MLL-AF9, suggesting that it can also regulate initiation. These results suggest that there is no difference between MLL1 and MLL-AF9 with respect to location and size of occupancy sites, contrary to what people have believed, and that MLL-AF9 may also regulate transcriptional initiation in addition to widely believed elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Yang
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhong Zhi
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lili Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Van HT, Xie G, Dong P, Liu Z, Ge K. KMT2 Family of H3K4 Methyltransferases: Enzymatic Activity-dependent and -independent Functions. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168453. [PMID: 38266981 PMCID: PMC10957308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (KMT2) methyltransferases are critical for gene regulation, cell differentiation, animal development, and human diseases. KMT2 biological roles are often attributed to their methyltransferase activities on lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4). However, recent data indicate that KMT2 proteins also possess non-enzymatic functions. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of KMT2 family, with a focus on their enzymatic activity-dependent and -independent functions. Six mammalian KMT2 proteins of three subgroups, KMT2A/B (MLL1/2), KMT2C/D (MLL3/4), and KMT2F/G (SETD1A/B or SET1A/B), have shared and distinct protein domains, catalytic substrates, genomic localizations, and associated complex subunits. Recent studies have revealed the importance of KMT2C/D in enhancer regulation, differentiation, development, tumor suppression and highlighted KMT2C/D enzymatic activity-dependent and -independent roles in mouse embryonic development and cell differentiation. Catalytic dependent and independent functions for KMT2A/B and KMT2F/G in gene regulation, differentiation, and development are less understood. Finally, we provide our perspectives and lay out future research directions that may help advance the investigation on enzymatic activity-dependent and -independent biological roles and working mechanisms of KMT2 methyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu T Van
- Adipocyte Biology and Gene Regulation Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4149, 50 South Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Guojia Xie
- Adipocyte Biology and Gene Regulation Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4149, 50 South Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Peng Dong
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
| | - Zhe Liu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
| | - Kai Ge
- Adipocyte Biology and Gene Regulation Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Room 4149, 50 South Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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4
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Zhao Y, Skovgaard Z, Wang Q. Regulation of adipogenesis by histone methyltransferases. Differentiation 2024; 136:100746. [PMID: 38241884 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2024.100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is a critical component of lineage determination. Adipogenesis is the process through which uncommitted stem cells or adipogenic precursor cells differentiate into adipocytes, the most abundant cell type of the adipose tissue. Studies examining chromatin modification during adipogenesis have provided further understanding of the molecular blueprint that controls the onset of adipogenic differentiation. Unlike histone acetylation, histone methylation has context dependent effects on the activity of a transcribed region of DNA, with individual or combined marks on different histone residues providing distinct signals for gene expression. Over half of the 42 histone methyltransferases identified in mammalian cells have been investigated in their role during adipogenesis, but across the large body of literature available, there is a lack of clarity over potential correlations or emerging patterns among the different players. In this review, we will summarize important findings from studies published in the past 15 years that have investigated the role of histone methyltransferases during adipogenesis, including both protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) and lysine methyltransferases (KMTs). We further reveal that PRMT1/4/5, H3K4 KMTs (MLL1, MLL3, MLL4, SMYD2 and SET7/9) and H3K27 KMTs (EZH2) all play positive roles during adipogenesis, while PRMT6/7 and H3K9 KMTs (G9a, SUV39H1, SUV39H2, and SETDB1) play negative roles during adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qinyi Wang
- Computer Science Department, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, USA
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5
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Zhang C, Meng Y, Han J. Emerging roles of mitochondrial functions and epigenetic changes in the modulation of stem cell fate. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:26. [PMID: 38212548 PMCID: PMC11072137 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve as essential organelles that play a key role in regulating stem cell fate. Mitochondrial dysfunction and stem cell exhaustion are two of the nine distinct hallmarks of aging. Emerging research suggests that epigenetic modification of mitochondria-encoded genes and the regulation of epigenetics by mitochondrial metabolites have an impact on stem cell aging or differentiation. Here, we review how key mitochondrial metabolites and behaviors regulate stem cell fate through an epigenetic approach. Gaining insight into how mitochondria regulate stem cell fate will help us manufacture and preserve clinical-grade stem cells under strict quality control standards, contributing to the development of aging-associated organ dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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6
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Weissmiller AM, Fesik SW, Tansey WP. WD Repeat Domain 5 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy: Not What You Think. J Clin Med 2024; 13:274. [PMID: 38202281 PMCID: PMC10779565 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
WDR5 is a conserved nuclear protein that scaffolds the assembly of epigenetic regulatory complexes and moonlights in functions ranging from recruiting MYC oncoproteins to chromatin to facilitating the integrity of mitosis. It is also a high-value target for anti-cancer therapies, with small molecule WDR5 inhibitors and degraders undergoing extensive preclinical assessment. WDR5 inhibitors were originally conceived as epigenetic modulators, proposed to inhibit cancer cells by reversing oncogenic patterns of histone H3 lysine 4 methylation-a notion that persists to this day. This premise, however, does not withstand contemporary inspection and establishes expectations for the mechanisms and utility of WDR5 inhibitors that can likely never be met. Here, we highlight salient misconceptions regarding WDR5 inhibitors as epigenetic modulators and provide a unified model for their action as a ribosome-directed anti-cancer therapy that helps focus understanding of when and how the tumor-inhibiting properties of these agents can best be understood and exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- April M. Weissmiller
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 32132, USA;
| | - Stephen W. Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - William P. Tansey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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7
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Cho US. The Core Complex of Yeast COMPASS and Human Mixed-Lineage Leukemia (MLL), Structure, Function, and Recognition of the Nucleosome. Subcell Biochem 2024; 104:101-117. [PMID: 38963485 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58843-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Yeast COMPASS (complex of proteins associated with Set1) and human MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) complexes are histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases with critical roles in gene regulation and embryonic development. Both complexes share a conserved C-terminal SET domain, responsible for catalyzing histone H3 K4 methylation on nucleosomes. Notably, their catalytic activity toward nucleosomes is enhanced and optimized with assembly of auxiliary subunits. In this review, we aim to illustrate the recent X-ray and cryo-EM structures of yeast COMPASS and human MLL1 core complexes bound to either unmodified nucleosome core particle (NCP) or H2B mono-ubiquitinated NCP (H2Bub.NCP). We further delineate how each auxiliary component of the complex contributes to the NCP and ubiquitin recognition to maximize the methyltransferase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uhn-Soo Cho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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8
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Amin HM, Szabo B, Abukhairan R, Zeke A, Kardos J, Schad E, Tantos A. In Vivo and In Vitro Characterization of the RNA Binding Capacity of SETD1A (KMT2F). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16032. [PMID: 38003223 PMCID: PMC10671326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For several histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs), RNA binding has been already shown to be a functionally relevant feature, but detailed information on the RNA interactome of these proteins is not always known. Of the six human KMT2 proteins responsible for the methylation of the H3K4 residue, two-SETD1A and SETD1B-contain RNA recognition domains (RRMs). Here we investigated the RNA binding capacity of SETD1A and identified a broad range of interacting RNAs within HEK293T cells. Our analysis revealed that similar to yeast Set1, SETD1A is also capable of binding several coding and non-coding RNAs, including RNA species related to RNA processing. We also show direct RNA binding activity of the individual RRM domain in vitro, which is in contrast with the RRM domain found in yeast Set1. Structural modeling revealed important details on the possible RNA recognition mode of SETD1A and highlighted some fundamental differences between SETD1A and Set1, explaining the differences in the RNA binding capacity of their respective RRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harem Muhamad Amin
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (H.M.A.); (B.S.); (R.A.); (E.S.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Beata Szabo
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (H.M.A.); (B.S.); (R.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Rawan Abukhairan
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (H.M.A.); (B.S.); (R.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Andras Zeke
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (H.M.A.); (B.S.); (R.A.); (E.S.)
| | - József Kardos
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Eva Schad
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (H.M.A.); (B.S.); (R.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Agnes Tantos
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (H.M.A.); (B.S.); (R.A.); (E.S.)
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9
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Kim J, Diaz LF, Miller MJ, Leadem B, Krivega I, Dean A. An enhancer RNA recruits MLL1 to regulate transcription of Myb. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.26.559528. [PMID: 37808852 PMCID: PMC10557664 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.26.559528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The Myb proto-oncogene encodes the transcription factor c-MYB, which is critical for hematopoiesis. Distant enhancers of Myb form a hub of interactions with the Myb promoter. We identified a long non-coding RNA (Myrlin) originating from the -81 kb murine Myb enhancer. Myrlin and Myb are coordinately regulated during erythroid differentiation. Myrlin TSS deletion using CRISPR/Cas9 reduced Myrlin and Myb expression and LDB1 complex occupancy at the Myb enhancers, compromising enhancer contacts and reducing RNA Pol II occupancy in the locus. In contrast, CRISPRi silencing of Myrlin left LDB1 and the Myb enhancer hub unperturbed, although Myrlin and Myb expression were downregulated, decoupling transcription and chromatin looping. Myrlin interacts with the MLL1 complex. Myrlin CRISPRi compromised MLL1 occupancy in the Myb locus, decreasing CDK9 and RNA Pol II binding and resulting in Pol II pausing in the Myb first exon/intron. Thus, Myrlin directly participates in activating Myb transcription by recruiting MLL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luis F. Diaz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Matthew J. Miller
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- University of Iowa Medical School, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Benjamin Leadem
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD 20877
| | - Ivan Krivega
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Sonothera, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Ann Dean
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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10
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Tsukahara T, Kethireddy S, Bonefas K, Chen A, Sutton BLM, Dou Y, Iwase S, Sutton MA. Division of labor among H3K4 Methyltransferases Defines Distinct Facets of Homeostatic Plasticity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.20.558734. [PMID: 37790395 PMCID: PMC10542164 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.558734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in any of the six H3K4 methyltransferases (KMT2s) result in monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders, indicating nonredundant yet poorly understood roles of this enzyme family in neurodevelopment. Recent evidence suggests that histone methyltransferase activity may not be central to KMT2 functions; however, the enzymatic activity is evolutionarily conserved, implicating the presence of selective pressure to maintain the catalytic activity. Here, we show that H3K4 methylation is dynamically regulated during prolonged alteration of neuronal activity. The perturbation of H3K4me by the H3.3K4M mutant blocks synaptic scaling, a form of homeostatic plasticity that buffers the impact of prolonged reductions or increases in network activity. Unexpectedly, we found that the six individual enzymes are all necessary for synaptic scaling and that the roles of KMT2 enzymes segregate into evolutionary-defined subfamilies: KMT2A and KMT2B (fly-Trx homologs) for synaptic downscaling, KMT2C and KMT2D (Trr homologs) for upscaling, and KMT2F and KMT2G (dSet homologs) for both directions. Selective blocking of KMT2A enzymatic activity by a small molecule and targeted disruption of the enzymatic domain both blocked the synaptic downscaling and interfered with the activity-dependent transcriptional program. Furthermore, our study revealed specific phases of synaptic downscaling, i.e., induction and maintenance, in which KMT2A and KMT2B play distinct roles. These results suggest that mammalian brains have co-opted intricate H3K4me installation to achieve stability of the expanding neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Tsukahara
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Saini Kethireddy
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Katherine Bonefas
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alex Chen
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brendan LM Sutton
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael A. Sutton
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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11
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Bélanger S, Haupt S, Faliti CE, Getzler A, Choi J, Diao H, Karunadharma PP, Bild NA, Pipkin ME, Crotty S. The Chromatin Regulator Mll1 Supports T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation by Controlling Expression of Bcl6, LEF-1, and TCF-1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1752-1760. [PMID: 37074193 PMCID: PMC10334568 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
T follicular helper (TFH) cells are essential for developing protective Ab responses following vaccination. Greater understanding of the genetic program leading to TFH differentiation is needed. Chromatin modifications are central in the control of gene expression. However, detailed knowledge of how chromatin regulators (CRs) regulate differentiation of TFH cells is limited. We screened a large short hairpin RNA library targeting all known CRs in mice and identified the histone methyltransferase mixed lineage leukemia 1 (Mll1) as a positive regulator of TFH differentiation. Loss of Mll1 expression reduced formation of TFH cells following acute viral infection or protein immunization. In addition, expression of the TFH lineage-defining transcription factor Bcl6 was reduced in the absence of Mll1. Transcriptomics analysis identified Lef1 and Tcf7 as genes dependent on Mll1 for their expression, which provides one mechanism for the regulation of TFH differentiation by Mll1. Taken together, CRs such as Mll1 substantially influence TFH differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bélanger
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sonya Haupt
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences (BMS) Graduate Program. School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Caterina E. Faliti
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam Getzler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Jinyong Choi
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03083, Republic of Korea
| | - Huitian Diao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | | | - Nicholas A. Bild
- Genomics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Matthew E. Pipkin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, 9203,7USA
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12
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Morgan MA, Shilatifard A. Epigenetic moonlighting: Catalytic-independent functions of histone modifiers in regulating transcription. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6593. [PMID: 37083523 PMCID: PMC10121172 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The past three decades have yielded a wealth of information regarding the chromatin regulatory mechanisms that control transcription. The "histone code" hypothesis-which posits that distinct combinations of posttranslational histone modifications are "read" by downstream effector proteins to regulate gene expression-has guided chromatin research to uncover fundamental mechanisms relevant to many aspects of biology. However, recent molecular and genetic studies revealed that the function of many histone-modifying enzymes extends independently and beyond their catalytic activities. In this review, we highlight original and recent advances in the understanding of noncatalytic functions of histone modifiers. Many of the histone modifications deposited by these enzymes-previously considered to be required for transcriptional activation-have been demonstrated to be dispensable for gene expression in living organisms. This perspective aims to prompt further examination of these enigmatic chromatin modifications by inspiring studies to define the noncatalytic "epigenetic moonlighting" functions of chromatin-modifying enzymes.
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13
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Schaller MA. MLL1 is central to macrophage-mediated inflammation. Blood 2023; 141:687-689. [PMID: 36795448 PMCID: PMC9933578 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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14
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Bouligny IM, Maher KR, Grant S. Mechanisms of myeloid leukemogenesis: Current perspectives and therapeutic objectives. Blood Rev 2023; 57:100996. [PMID: 35989139 PMCID: PMC10693933 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic neoplasm which results in clonal proliferation of abnormally differentiated hematopoietic cells. In this review, mechanisms contributing to myeloid leukemogenesis are summarized, highlighting aberrations of epigenetics, transcription factors, signal transduction, cell cycling, and the bone marrow microenvironment. The mechanisms contributing to AML are detailed to spotlight recent findings that convey clinical impact. The applications of current and prospective therapeutic targets are accentuated in addition to reviews of treatment paradigms stratified for each characteristic molecular lesion - with a focus on exploring novel treatment approaches and combinations to improve outcomes in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Bouligny
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Keri R Maher
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Steven Grant
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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15
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Tran TM, Rao DS. RNA binding proteins in MLL-rearranged leukemia. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:80. [PMID: 36307883 PMCID: PMC9615162 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRNA binding proteins (RBPs) have recently emerged as important post-transcriptional gene expression regulators in both normal development and disease. RBPs influence the fate of mRNAs through multiple mechanisms of action such as RNA modifications, alternative splicing, and miR-mediated regulation. This complex and, often, combinatorial regulation by RBPs critically impacts the expression of oncogenic transcripts and, thus, the activation of pathways that drive oncogenesis. Here, we focus on the major features of RBPs, their mechanisms of action, and discuss the current progress in investigating the function of important RBPs in MLL-rearranged leukemia.
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16
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Poreba E, Lesniewicz K, Durzynska J. Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (KMT2) complexes - a new perspective. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 790:108443. [PMID: 36154872 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2022.108443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4) methylation is catalyzed by the Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase 2 (KMT2) protein family, and its members are required for gene expression control. In vertebrates, the KMT2s function in large multisubunit complexes known as COMPASS or COMPASS-like complexes (COMplex of Proteins ASsociated with Set1). The activity of these complexes is critical for proper development, and mutation-induced defects in their functioning have frequently been found in human cancers. Moreover, inherited or de novo mutations in KMT2 genes are among the etiological factors in neurodevelopmental disorders such as Kabuki and Kleefstra syndromes. The canonical role of KMT2s is to catalyze H3K4 methylation, which results in a permissive chromatin environment that drives gene expression. However, current findings described in this review demonstrate that these enzymes can regulate processes that are not dependent on methylation: noncatalytic functions of KMT2s include DNA damage response, cell division, and metabolic activities. Moreover, these enzymes may also methylate non-histone substrates and play a methylation-dependent function in the DNA damage response. In this review, we present an overview of the new, noncanonical activities of KMT2 complexes in a variety of cellular processes. These discoveries may have crucial implications for understanding the functions of these methyltransferases in developmental processes, disease, and epigenome-targeting therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Poreba
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Lesniewicz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Julia Durzynska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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17
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Meghani K, Folgosa Cooley L, Piunti A, Meeks JJ. Role of Chromatin Modifying Complexes and Therapeutic Opportunities in Bladder Cancer. Bladder Cancer 2022; 8:101-112. [PMID: 35898580 PMCID: PMC9278011 DOI: 10.3233/blc-211609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromatin modifying enzymes, mainly through post translational modifications, regulate chromatin architecture and by extension the underlying transcriptional kinetics in normal and malignant cells. Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has a high frequency of alterations in chromatin modifiers, with 76% of tumors exhibiting mutation in at least one chromatin modifying enzyme [1]. Additionally, clonal expansion of cells with inactivating mutations in chromatin modifiers has been identified in the normal urothelium, pointing to a currently unknown role of these proteins in normal bladder homeostasis. OBJECTIVE To review current knowledge of chromatin modifications and enzymes regulating these processes in Bladder cancer (BCa). METHODS By reviewing current literature, we summarize our present knowledge of external stimuli that trigger loss of equilibrium in the chromatin accessibility landscape and emerging therapeutic interventions for targeting these processes. RESULTS Genetic lesions in BCa lead to altered function of chromatin modifying enzymes, resulting in coordinated dysregulation of epigenetic processes with disease progression. CONCLUSION Mutations in chromatin modifying enzymes are wide-spread in BCa and several promising therapeutic targets for modulating activity of these genes are currently in clinical trials. Further research into understanding how the epigenetic landscape evolves as the disease progresses, could help identify patients who might benefit the most from these targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyati Meghani
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Folgosa Cooley
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea Piunti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua J. Meeks
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
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18
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Yang Y, Kueh AJ, Grant ZL, Abeysekera W, Garnham AL, Wilcox S, Hyland CD, Di Rago L, Metcalf D, Alexander WS, Coultas L, Smyth GK, Voss AK, Thomas T. The histone lysine acetyltransferase HBO1 (KAT7) regulates hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and self-renewal. Blood 2022; 139:845-858. [PMID: 34724565 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone acetyltransferase HBO1 (MYST2, KAT7) is indispensable for postgastrulation development, histone H3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14Ac), and the expression of embryonic patterning genes. In this study, we report the role of HBO1 in regulating hematopoietic stem cell function in adult hematopoiesis. We used 2 complementary cre-recombinase transgenes to conditionally delete Hbo1 (Mx1-Cre and Rosa26-CreERT2). Hbo1-null mice became moribund due to hematopoietic failure with pancytopenia in the blood and bone marrow 2 to 6 weeks after Hbo1 deletion. Hbo1-deleted bone marrow cells failed to repopulate hemoablated recipients in competitive transplantation experiments. Hbo1 deletion caused a rapid loss of hematopoietic progenitors. The numbers of lineage-restricted progenitors for the erythroid, myeloid, B-, and T-cell lineages were reduced. Loss of HBO1 resulted in an abnormally high rate of recruitment of quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into the cell cycle. Cycling HSCs produced progenitors at the expense of self-renewal, which led to the exhaustion of the HSC pool. Mechanistically, genes important for HSC functions were downregulated in HSC-enriched cell populations after Hbo1 deletion, including genes essential for HSC quiescence and self-renewal, such as Mpl, Tek(Tie-2), Gfi1b, Egr1, Tal1(Scl), Gata2, Erg, Pbx1, Meis1, and Hox9, as well as genes important for multipotent progenitor cells and lineage-specific progenitor cells, such as Gata1. HBO1 was required for H3K14Ac through the genome and particularly at gene loci required for HSC quiescence and self-renewal. Our data indicate that HBO1 promotes the expression of a transcription factor network essential for HSC maintenance and self-renewal in adult hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Zoe L Grant
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Waruni Abeysekera
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Alexandra L Garnham
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Stephen Wilcox
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
| | - Craig D Hyland
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
| | - Ladina Di Rago
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
| | - Don Metcalf
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Warren S Alexander
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Leigh Coultas
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne K Voss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
| | - Tim Thomas
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medical Biology and
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19
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Albert L, Nagpal J, Steinchen W, Zhang L, Werel L, Djokovic N, Ruzic D, Hoffarth M, Xu J, Kaspareit J, Abendroth F, Royant A, Bange G, Nikolic K, Ryu S, Dou Y, Essen LO, Vázquez O. Bistable Photoswitch Allows in Vivo Control of Hematopoiesis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:57-66. [PMID: 35106373 PMCID: PMC8796299 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Optical control has enabled functional modulation in cell culture with unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution. However, current tools for in vivo manipulation are scarce. Here, we design and implement a genuine on-off optochemical probe capable of achieving hematopoietic control in zebrafish. Our photopharmacological approach first developed conformationally strained visible light photoswitches (CS-VIPs) as inhibitors of the histone methyltransferase MLL1 (KMT2A). In blood homeostasis MLL1 plays a crucial yet controversial role. CS-VIP 8 optimally fulfils the requirements of a true bistable functional system in vivo under visible-light irradiation, and with unprecedented stability. These properties are exemplified via hematopoiesis photoinhibition with a single isomer in zebrafish. The present interdisciplinary study uncovers the mechanism of action of CS-VIPs. Upon WDR5 binding, CS-VIP 8 causes MLL1 release with concomitant allosteric rearrangements in the WDR5/RbBP5 interface. Since our tool provides on-demand reversible control without genetic intervention or continuous irradiation, it will foster hematopathology and epigenetic investigations. Furthermore, our workflow will enable exquisite photocontrol over other targets inhibited by macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Albert
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jatin Nagpal
- APC Microbiome
Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wieland Steinchen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Center
for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), University
of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura Werel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nemanja Djokovic
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Ruzic
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Malte Hoffarth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jing Xu
- Department
of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Johanna Kaspareit
- University
Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Abendroth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Antoine Royant
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38044 Grenoble, France
- European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Gert Bange
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Center
for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), University
of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Soojin Ryu
- University
Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
- College
of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, U.K.
- Living
Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 QD, U.K.
| | - Yali Dou
- Norris
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, United States
| | - Lars-Oliver Essen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Center
for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), University
of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Olalla Vázquez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Center
for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), University
of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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20
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Nguyen N, Gudmundsson KO, Soltis AR, Oakley K, Roy KR, Han Y, Gurnari C, Maciejewski JP, Crouch G, Ernst P, Dalgard CL, Du Y. Recruitment of MLL1 complex is essential for SETBP1 to induce myeloid transformation. iScience 2022; 25:103679. [PMID: 35036869 PMCID: PMC8749219 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of SETBP1 due to overexpression or missense mutations occurs frequently in various myeloid neoplasms and associates with poor prognosis. Direct activation of Hoxa9/Hoxa10/Myb transcription by SETBP1 and its missense mutants is essential for their transforming capability; however, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain elusive. We found that both SETBP1 and its missense mutant SETBP1(D/N) directly interact with histone methyltransferase MLL1. Using a combination of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analysis in primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, we uncovered extensive overlap in their genomic occupancy and their cooperation in activating many oncogenic transcription factor genes including Hoxa9/Hoxa10/Myb and a large group of ribosomal protein genes. Genetic ablation of Mll1 as well as treatment with an inhibitor of the MLL1 complex OICR-9429 abrogated Setbp1/Setbp1(D/N)-induced transcriptional activation and transformation. Thus, the MLL1 complex plays a critical role in Setbp1-induced transcriptional activation and transformation and represents a promising target for treating myeloid neoplasms with SETBP1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kristbjorn O. Gudmundsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Anthony R. Soltis
- The American Genome Center (TAGC), Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kevin Oakley
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kartik R. Roy
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Yufen Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Carmelo Gurnari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gary Crouch
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Patricia Ernst
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado, Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Clifton L. Dalgard
- The American Genome Center (TAGC), Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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21
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Michurina A, Sakib MS, Kerimoglu C, Krüger DM, Kaurani L, Islam MR, Joshi PD, Schröder S, Centeno TP, Zhou J, Pradhan R, Cha J, Xu X, Eichele G, Zeisberg EM, Kranz A, Stewart AF, Fischer A. Postnatal expression of the lysine methyltransferase SETD1B is essential for learning and the regulation of neuron-enriched genes. EMBO J 2022; 41:e106459. [PMID: 34806773 PMCID: PMC8724770 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, histone 3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me) is mediated by six different lysine methyltransferases. Among these enzymes, SETD1B (SET domain containing 1b) has been linked to syndromic intellectual disability in human subjects, but its role in the mammalian postnatal brain has not been studied yet. Here, we employ mice deficient for Setd1b in excitatory neurons of the postnatal forebrain, and combine neuron-specific ChIP-seq and RNA-seq approaches to elucidate its role in neuronal gene expression. We observe that Setd1b controls the expression of a set of genes with a broad H3K4me3 peak at their promoters, enriched for neuron-specific genes linked to learning and memory function. Comparative analyses in mice with conditional deletion of Kmt2a and Kmt2b histone methyltransferases show that SETD1B plays a more pronounced and potent role in regulating such genes. Moreover, postnatal loss of Setd1b leads to severe learning impairment, suggesting that SETD1B-dependent regulation of H3K4me levels in postnatal neurons is critical for cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Michurina
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - M Sadman Sakib
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Cemil Kerimoglu
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Dennis Manfred Krüger
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Lalit Kaurani
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Parth Devesh Joshi
- Department for Gene and BehaviorMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryGöttingenGermany
| | - Sophie Schröder
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Tonatiuh Pena Centeno
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Jiayin Zhou
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Ranjit Pradhan
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Julia Cha
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
| | - Xingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyUniversity Medical Center of GöttingenGeorg‐August UniversityGöttingenGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Gregor Eichele
- Department for Gene and BehaviorMax Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryGöttingenGermany
| | - Elisabeth M Zeisberg
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyUniversity Medical Center of GöttingenGeorg‐August UniversityGöttingenGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC)University of GöttingenGermany
| | - Andrea Kranz
- Biotechnology CenterCenter for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringDresden University of TechnologyDresdenGermany
| | - A Francis Stewart
- Biotechnology CenterCenter for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringDresden University of TechnologyDresdenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Cell Biology and GeneticsDresdenGermany
| | - André Fischer
- Department for Systems Medicine and EpigeneticsGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)GöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC)University of GöttingenGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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22
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Zhai X, Brownell JE. Biochemical perspectives on targeting KMT2 methyltransferases in cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:688-699. [PMID: 34074527 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
KMT2 methyltransferases are important regulators of gene transcription through the methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 at promoter and enhancer regions. They reside in large, multisubunit protein complexes, which not only regulate their catalytic activities but also mediate their interactions with chromatin. The KMT2 family was initially associated with cancer due to the discovery of KMT2A translocations in mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL). However, emerging evidences suggest that the methyltransferase activity of KMT2 enzymes can also be important in cancer, raising the prospect of targeting the catalytic domain of KMT2 as a therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of KMT2 enzyme mechanisms and their regulation on nucleosomes, which will provide mechanistic insights into therapeutic discoveries targeting their methyltransferase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhai
- Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA 02451, USA.
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23
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Wan C, Mahara S, Sun C, Doan A, Chua HK, Xu D, Bian J, Li Y, Zhu D, Sooraj D, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J, Firestein R. Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen of Wnt/β-catenin signaling identifies therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf2567. [PMID: 34138730 PMCID: PMC8133758 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a key driver of colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and of great therapeutic importance. In this study, we performed comprehensive CRISPR screens to interrogate the regulatory network of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CRC cells. We found marked discrepancies between the artificial TOP reporter activity and β-catenin-mediated endogenous transcription and redundant roles of T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor transcription factors in transducing β-catenin signaling. Compiled functional genomic screens and network analysis revealed unique epigenetic regulators of β-catenin transcriptional output, including the histone lysine methyltransferase 2A oncoprotein (KMT2A/Mll1). Using an integrative epigenomic and transcriptional profiling approach, we show that KMT2A loss diminishes the binding of β-catenin to consensus DNA motifs and the transcription of β-catenin targets in CRC. These results suggest that KMT2A may be a promising target for CRCs and highlight the broader potential for exploiting epigenetic modulation as a therapeutic strategy for β-catenin-driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wan
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Sylvia Mahara
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Claire Sun
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Anh Doan
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Hui Kheng Chua
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Dakang Xu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Bian
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Yue Li
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Danxi Zhu
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Dhanya Sooraj
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ron Firestein
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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24
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Li X, Song Y. Structure, function and inhibition of critical protein-protein interactions involving mixed lineage leukemia 1 and its fusion oncoproteins. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:56. [PMID: 33823889 PMCID: PMC8022399 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1, also known as MLL or KMT2A) is an important transcription factor and histone-H3 lysine-4 (H3K4) methyltransferase. It is a master regulator for transcription of important genes (e.g., Hox genes) for embryonic development and hematopoiesis. However, it is largely dispensable in matured cells. Dysregulation of MLL1 leads to overexpression of certain Hox genes and eventually leukemia initiation. Chromosome translocations involving MLL1 cause ~ 75% of acute leukemia in infants and 5–10% in children and adults with a poor prognosis. Targeted therapeutics against oncogenic fusion MLL1 (onco-MLL1) are therefore needed. Onco-MLL1 consists of the N-terminal DNA-interacting domains of MLL1 fused with one of > 70 fusion partners, among which transcription cofactors AF4, AF9 and its paralog ENL, and ELL are the most frequent. Wild-type (WT)- and onco-MLL1 involve numerous protein–protein interactions (PPI), which play critical roles in regulating gene expression in normal physiology and leukemia. Moreover, WT-MLL1 has been found to be essential for MLL1-rearranged (MLL1-r) leukemia. Rigorous studies of such PPIs have been performed and much progress has been achieved in understanding their structures, structure–function relationships and the mechanisms for activating gene transcription as well as leukemic transformation. Inhibition of several critical PPIs by peptides, peptidomimetic or small-molecule compounds has been explored as a therapeutic approach for MLL1-r leukemia. This review summarizes the biological functions, biochemistry, structure and inhibition of the critical PPIs involving MLL1 and its fusion partner proteins. In addition, challenges and perspectives of drug discovery targeting these PPIs for the treatment of MLL1-r leukemia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yongcheng Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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25
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Zhou Q, Chen X, He H, Peng S, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Cheng L, Liu S, Huang M, Xie R, Lin T, Huang J. WD repeat domain 5 promotes chemoresistance and Programmed Death-Ligand 1 expression in prostate cancer. Theranostics 2021; 11:4809-4824. [PMID: 33754029 PMCID: PMC7978315 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) has limited treatment regimens and shows low response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, leading to poor prognosis. Histone modification is a vital mechanism of gene expression and a promising therapy target. In this study, we characterized WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5), a regulator of histone modification, and explored its potential therapeutic value in PCa. Experimental Design: We characterized specific regulators of histone modification, based on TCGA data. The expression and clinical features of WDR5 were analyzed in two dependent cohorts. The functional role of WDR5 was further investigated with siRNA and OICR-9429, a small molecular antagonist of WDR5, in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of WDR5 was explored by RNA-sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Results: WDR5 was overexpressed in PCa and associated with advanced clinicopathological features, and predicted poor prognosis. Both inhibition of WDR5 by siRNA and OICR-9429 could reduce proliferation, and increase apoptosis and chemosensitivity to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, targeting WDR5 by siRNA and OICR-9429 could block IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression in PCa cells. Mechanistically, we clarified that some cell cycle, anti-apoptosis, DNA repair and immune related genes, including AURKA, CCNB1, E2F1, PLK1, BIRC5, XRCC2 and PD-L1, were directly regulated by WDR5 and OICR-9429 in H3K4me3 and c-Myc dependent manner. Conclusions: These data revealed that targeting WDR5 suppressed proliferation, enhanced apoptosis, chemosensitivity to cisplatin and immunotherapy in PCa. Therefore, our findings provide insight into OICR-9429 is a multi-potency and promising therapy drug, which improves the antitumor effect of cisplatin or immunotherapy in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Haixia He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shengmeng Peng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yangjie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jingtong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ming Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ruihui Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Kashi Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Kashi, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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26
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Shah K, King GD, Jiang H. A chromatin modulator sustains self-renewal and enables differentiation of postnatal neural stem and progenitor cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:4-16. [PMID: 31065682 PMCID: PMC7052987 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains unknown whether H3K4 methylation, an epigenetic modification associated with gene activation, regulates fate determination of the postnatal neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs). By inactivating the Dpy30 subunit of the major H3K4 methyltransferase complexes in specific regions of mouse brain, we demonstrate a crucial role of efficient H3K4 methylation in maintaining both the self-renewal and differentiation capacity of postnatal NSPCs. Dpy30 deficiency disrupts development of hippocampus and especially the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone, the major regions for postnatal NSC activities. Dpy30 is indispensable for sustaining the self-renewal and proliferation of NSPCs in a cell-intrinsic manner and also enables the differentiation of mouse and human neural progenitor cells to neuronal and glial lineages. Dpy30 directly regulates H3K4 methylation and the induction of several genes critical in neurogenesis. These findings link a prominent epigenetic mechanism of gene expression to the fundamental properties of NSPCs and may have implications in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushani Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gwendalyn D King
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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27
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Libbrecht C, Xie HM, Kingsley MC, Haladyna JN, Riedel SS, Alikarami F, Lenard A, McGeehan GM, Ernst P, Bernt KM. Menin is necessary for long term maintenance of meningioma-1 driven leukemia. Leukemia 2021; 35:1405-1417. [PMID: 33542482 PMCID: PMC8102197 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Translocations of Meningioma-1 (MN1) occur in a subset of acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and result in high expression of MN1, either as a full-length protein, or as a fusion protein that includes most of the N-terminus of MN1. High levels of MN1 correlate with poor prognosis. When overexpressed in murine hematopoietic progenitors, MN1 causes an aggressive AML characterized by an aberrant myeloid precursor-like gene expression program that shares features of KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2A-r) leukemia, including high levels of Hoxa and Meis1 gene expression. Compounds that target a critical KMT2A-Menin interaction have proven effective in KMT2A-r leukemia. Here, we demonstrate that Menin (Men1) is also critical for the self-renewal of MN1-driven AML through the maintenance of a distinct gene expression program. Genetic inactivation of Men1 led to a decrease in the number of functional leukemia-initiating cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of the KMT2A-Menin interaction decreased colony-forming activity, induced differentiation programs in MN1-driven murine leukemia and decreased leukemic burden in a human AML xenograft carrying an MN1-ETV6 translocation. Collectively, these results nominate Menin inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy in MN1-driven leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Libbrecht
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.452431.50000 0004 0442 349XInstitut d’Hématologie et d’Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France
| | - Hongbo M. Xie
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics (DBHI), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Molly C. Kingsley
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jessica N. Haladyna
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado, Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Simone S. Riedel
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Fatemeh Alikarami
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Alexandra Lenard
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - Patricia Ernst
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado, Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA ,grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Kathrin M. Bernt
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, CTRB 3064, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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28
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Yang Z, Jiang H. A chromatin perspective on metabolic and genotoxic impacts on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4031-4047. [PMID: 32318759 PMCID: PMC7541408 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fate determination in self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSCs and HPCs) is ultimately controlled by gene expression, which is profoundly influenced by the global and local chromatin state. Cellular metabolism directly influences the chromatin state through the dynamic regulation of the enzymatic activities that modify DNA and histones, but also generates genotoxic metabolites that can damage DNA and thus pose threat to the genome integrity. On the other hand, mechanisms modulating the chromatin state impact metabolism by regulating the expression and activities of key metabolic enzymes. Moreover, through regulating either DNA damage response directly or expression of genes involved in this process, chromatin modulators play active and crucial roles in guarding the genome integrity, breaching of which results in defective HSPC function. Therefore, HSPC function is regulated by the dynamic and two-way interactions between metabolism and chromatin. Here, we review recent advances that provide a chromatin perspective on the major impacts the metabolic and genotoxic factors can have on HSPC function and fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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29
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Evolving insights on histone methylome regulation in human acute myeloid leukemia pathogenesis and targeted therapy. Exp Hematol 2020; 92:19-31. [PMID: 32950598 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.09.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive, disseminated hematological malignancy associated with clonal selection of aberrant self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors and poorly differentiated myeloid blasts. The most prevalent form of leukemia in adults, AML is predominantly an age-related disorder and accounts for more than 10,000 deaths per year in the United States alone. In comparison to solid tumors, AML has an overall low mutational burden, albeit more than 70% of AML patients harbor somatic mutations in genes encoding epigenetic modifiers and chromatin regulators. In the past decade, discoveries highlighting the role of DNA and histone modifications in determining cellular plasticity and lineage commitment have attested to the importance of epigenetic contributions to tumor cell de-differentiation and heterogeneity, tumor initiation, maintenance, and relapse. Orchestration in histone methylation levels regulates pluripotency and multicellular development. The increasing number of reversible methylation regulators being identified, including histone methylation writer, reader, and eraser enzymes, and their implications in AML pathogenesis have widened the scope of epigenetic reprogramming, with multiple drugs currently in various stages of preclinical and clinical trials. AML methylome also determines response to conventional chemotherapy, as well as AML cell interaction within a tumor-immune microenvironment ecosystem. Here we summarize the latest developments focusing on molecular derangements in histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (HDMs) in AML pathogenesis. AML-associated HMTs and HDMs, through intricate crosstalk mechanisms, maintain an altered histone methylation code conducive to disease progression. We further discuss their importance in governing response to therapy, which can be used as a biomarker for treatment efficacy. Finally we deliberate on the therapeutic potential of targeting aberrant histone methylome in AML, examine available small molecule inhibitors in combination with immunomodulating therapeutic approaches and caveats, and discuss how future studies can enable posited epigenome-based targeted therapy to become a mainstay for AML treatment.
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30
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Sugeedha J, Gautam J, Tyagi S. SET1/MLL family of proteins: functions beyond histone methylation. Epigenetics 2020; 16:469-487. [PMID: 32795105 PMCID: PMC8078731 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1809873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The SET1 family of enzymes are well known for their involvement in the histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation, a conserved trait of euchromatin associated with transcriptional activation. These methyltransferases are distinct, and involved in various biological functions in the cell. Impairment in the function of SET1 family members leads to a number of abnormalities such as skeletal and neurological defects, leukaemogenesis and even lethality. Tremendous progress has been made in understanding the unique biological roles and the mechanism of SET1 enzymes in context with H3K4 methylation/canonical functions. However, in recent years, several studies have indicated the novel role of SET1 family proteins, other than H3K4 methylation, which are equally important for cellular functions. In this review, we focus on these non-canonical function of SET1 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyapal Sugeedha
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Uppal, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jyoti Gautam
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Uppal, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shweta Tyagi
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Uppal, Hyderabad, India
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31
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The role of histone methylation in the development of digestive cancers: a potential direction for cancer management. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:143. [PMID: 32747629 PMCID: PMC7398912 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive cancers are the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and have high risks of morbidity and mortality. Histone methylation, which is mediated mainly by lysine methyltransferases, lysine demethylases, and protein arginine methyltransferases, has emerged as an essential mechanism regulating pathological processes in digestive cancers. Under certain conditions, aberrant expression of these modifiers leads to abnormal histone methylation or demethylation in the corresponding cancer-related genes, which contributes to different processes and phenotypes, such as carcinogenesis, proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, invasion, and migration, during digestive cancer development. In this review, we focus on the association between histone methylation regulation and the development of digestive cancers, including gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer, as well as on its clinical application prospects, aiming to provide a new perspective on the management of digestive cancers.
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32
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Antunes ETB, Ottersbach K. The MLL/SET family and haematopoiesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194579. [PMID: 32389825 PMCID: PMC7294230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As demonstrated through early work in Drosophila, members of the MLL/SET family play essential roles during embryonic development through their participation in large protein complexes that are central to epigenetic regulation of gene expression. One of its members, MLL1, has additionally received a lot of attention as it is a potent oncogenic driver in different types of leukaemia when aberrantly fused to a large variety of partners as a result of chromosomal translocations. Its exclusive association with cancers of the haematopoietic system has prompted a large number of investigations into the role of MLL/SET proteins in haematopoiesis, a summary of which was attempted in this review. Interestingly, MLL-rearranged leukaemias are particularly prominent in infant and paediatric leukaemia, which commonly initiate in utero. This, together with the known function of MLL/SET proteins in embryonic development, has focussed research efforts in recent years on understanding the role of this protein family in developmental haematopoiesis and how this may be subverted by MLL oncofusions in infant leukaemia. A detailed understanding of these prenatal events is essential for the development of new treatments that improve the survival specifically of this very young patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T B Antunes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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33
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Ge M, Li D, Qiao Z, Sun Y, Kang T, Zhu S, Wang S, Xiao H, Zhao C, Shen S, Xu Z, Liu H. Restoring MLL reactivates latent tumor suppression-mediated vulnerability to proteasome inhibitors. Oncogene 2020; 39:5888-5901. [PMID: 32733069 PMCID: PMC7471105 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MLL undergoes multiple distinct chromosomal translocations to yield aggressive leukemia with dismal outcomes. Besides their well-established role in leukemogenesis, MLL fusions also possess latent tumor-suppressive activity, which can be exploited as effective cancer treatment strategies using pharmacological means such as proteasome inhibitors (PIs). Here, using MLL-rearranged xenografts and MLL leukemic cells as models, we show that wild-type MLL is indispensable for the latent tumor-suppressive activity of MLL fusions. MLL dysfunction, shown as loss of the chromatin accumulation and subsequent degradation of MLL, compromises the latent tumor suppression of MLL-AF4 and is instrumental for the acquired PI resistance. Mechanistically, MLL dysfunction is caused by chronic PI treatment-induced epigenetic reprogramming through the H2Bub-ASH2L-MLL axis and can be specifically restored by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which induce histone acetylation and recruits MLL on chromatin to promote cell cycle gene expression. Our findings not only demonstrate the mechanism underlying the inevitable acquisition of PI resistance in MLL leukemic cells, but also illustrate that preventing the emergence of PI-resistant cells constitutes a novel rationale for combination therapy with PIs and HDAC inhibitors in MLL leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Kang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouhai Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifen Wang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 350001, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjun Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhenshu Xu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 350001, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Han Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
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Park K, Kim JA, Kim J. Transcriptional regulation by the KMT2 histone H3K4 methyltransferases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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35
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Uckelmann HJ, Armstrong SA. Chromatin Complexes Maintain Self-Renewal of Myeloid Progenitors in AML: Opportunities for Therapeutic Intervention. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:6-12. [PMID: 32559456 PMCID: PMC7363875 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific subgroups of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including those containing MLL rearrangements and NPM1c mutations, possess characteristic stem cell-like gene expression profiles. These expression programs are highly dependent on components of the MLL histone methyltransferase complex, including Menin and DOT1L. Understanding the chromatin-based mechanisms through which cancer cells subvert certain aspects of normal stem cell biology helped identify specific vulnerabilities and translate them into targeted therapy approaches. Exciting progress has been made in the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting this epigenetic machinery in leukemia cells and prompted the development of clinical trials in patients with hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Uckelmann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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36
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Zhang C, Hua Y, Qiu H, Liu T, Long Q, Liao W, Qiu J, Wang N, Chen M, Shi D, Yan Y, Xie C, Deng W, Li T, Li Y. KMT2A regulates cervical cancer cell growth through targeting VDAC1. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9604-9620. [PMID: 32436862 PMCID: PMC7288919 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is an aggressive cutaneous malignancy, illuminating the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and discovering novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. KMT2A is a transcriptional co-activator regulating gene expression during early development and hematopoiesis, but the role of KMT2A in cervical cancer remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that KMT2A regulated cervical cancer growth via targeting VADC1. Knockdown of KMT2A significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration and induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cells, accompanying with activation of PARP/caspase pathway and inhibition of VADC1. Overexpression of VDAC1 reversed the KMT2A knockdown-mediated regulation of cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. The in vivo results from a cervical cancer xenograft mouse model also validated that KMT2A knockdown suppressed tumor growth by inhibiting VDAC1, whereas KMT2A overexpression promoted cervical cancer growth. Moreover, analyses of Biewenga cervix database and clinical samples showed that both KMT2A and VDAC1 were upregulated in cervix squamous cell carcinoma compared with cervix uteri tissues, and their expression was negatively correlated with the differentiation grade of cervical cancer. Our results therefore indicated that the KMT2A/VDAC1 signaling axis may be a potential new mechanism of cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yijun Hua
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Qiu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianze Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qian Long
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiehong Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiaying University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingbo Shi
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanbo Xie
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yizhuo Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Kranz A, Anastassiadis K. The role of SETD1A and SETD1B in development and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194578. [PMID: 32389824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Trithorax-related Set1 H3K4 methyltransferases are conserved from yeast to human. In yeast loss of Set1 causes pleiotropic effects but is compatible with life. In contrast, both mammalian Set1 orthologs: SETD1A and SETD1B are essential for embryonic development, however they have distinct functions. SETD1A is required shortly after epiblast formation whereas SETD1B becomes indispensible during early organogenesis. In adult mice both SETD1A and SETD1B regulate hematopoiesis differently: SETD1A is required for the establishment of definitive hematopoiesis whereas SETD1B is important for the maintenance of long-term hematopoietic stem cells. Both are implicated in different diseases with accumulating evidence for the association of SETD1A variants in neurological disorders and SETD1B variants with cancer. Why the two paralogs cannot or only partially compensate for the loss of each other is part of the puzzle that we try to sort out in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kranz
- Genomics, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Anastassiadis
- Stem Cell Engineering, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Takahashi S, Yokoyama A. The molecular functions of common and atypical MLL fusion protein complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194548. [PMID: 32320750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) fuses with a variety of partners to produce a functionally altered MLL complex that is not expressed in normal cells, which transforms normal hematopoietic progenitors into leukemia cells. Because more than 80 fusion partners have been identified to date, the molecular functions of MLL fusion protein complexes appear diverse. However, over the past decade, the common functions utilized for leukemic transformation have begun to be elucidated. It appears that most (if not all) MLL fusion protein complexes utilize the AF4/ENL/P-TEFb and DOT1L complexes to some extent. Based on an understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, several molecular targeting drugs are being developed, opening paths to novel therapies. Here, we review the recent progress made in identifying the molecular functions of various MLL fusions and categorize the numerous fusion partners into several functionally-distinct groups to help discern commonalities and differences among various MLL fusion protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takahashi
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokoyama
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Japan; National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
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Jiang H. The complex activities of the SET1/MLL complex core subunits in development and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194560. [PMID: 32302696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the SET1/MLL complexes are the main writers of the H3K4 methyl mark that is associated with active gene expression. The activities of these complexes are critically dependent on the association of the catalytic subunit with their shared core subunits, WDR5, RBBP5, ASH2L, and DPY30, collectively referred as WRAD. In addition, some of these core subunits can bind to proteins other than the SET1/MLL complex components. This review starts with discussion of the molecular activities of these core subunits, with an emphasis on DPY30 in organizing the assembly of the SET1/MLL complexes with other associated factors. This review then focuses on the roles of the core subunits in stem cells and development, as well as in diseased cell states, mainly cancer, and ends with discussion on dissecting the responsible activities of the core subunits and how we may target them for potential disease treatment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The MLL family of proteins in normal development and disease edited by Thomas A Milne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Enhancing Hematopoiesis from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells through MLL1-Induced Activation of a Rac/Rho/Integrin Signaling Axis. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:285-299. [PMID: 31951812 PMCID: PMC7013201 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL1, KMT2A) gene is critical for development and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), however, whether this protein is limiting for HSC development is unknown due to lack of physiologic model systems. Here, we develop an MLL1-inducible embryonic stem cell (ESC) system and show that induction of wild-type MLL1 during ESC differentiation selectively increases hematopoietic potential from a transitional c-Kit+/Cd41+ population in the embryoid body and also at sites of hematopoiesis in embryos. Single-cell sequencing analysis illustrates inherent heterogeneity of the c-Kit+/Cd41+ population and demonstrates that MLL1 induction shifts its composition toward multilineage hematopoietic identities. Surprisingly, this does not occur through increasing Hox or other canonical MLL1 targets but through an enhanced Rac/Rho/integrin signaling state, which increases responsiveness to Vla4 ligands and enhances hematopoietic commitment. Together, our data implicate a Rac/Rho/integrin signaling axis in the endothelial to hematopoietic transition and demonstrate that MLL1 actives this axis. Increasing MLL1 enhances hematopoietic potential in vitro and in vivo scRNA sequencing illustrates the heterogeneity of an EMP-like population from EBs MLL1 activates Rac/Rho/integrin signaling during hematopoietic specification MLL1-induced HSPCs are primed for hematopoiesis via integrin-mediated adhesion
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Abstract
Comprehensive cataloguing of the acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) genome has revealed a high frequency of mutations and deletions in epigenetic factors that are frequently linked to treatment resistance and poor patient outcome. In this review, we discuss how the epigenetic mechanisms that underpin normal haematopoiesis are subverted in AML, and in particular how these processes are altered in childhood and adolescent leukaemias. We also provide a brief summary of the burgeoning field of epigenetic-based therapies, and how AML treatment might be improved through provision of better conceptual frameworks for understanding the pleiotropic molecular effects of epigenetic disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Jones
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter McCarthy
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bond
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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42
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Urdinguio RG, Lopez V, Bayón GF, Diaz de la Guardia R, Sierra MI, García-Toraño E, Perez RF, García MG, Carella A, Pruneda PC, Prieto C, Dmitrijeva M, Santamarina P, Belmonte T, Mangas C, Diaconu E, Ferrero C, Tejedor JR, Fernandez-Morera JL, Bravo C, Bueno C, Sanjuan-Pla A, Rodriguez RM, Suarez-Alvarez B, López-Larrea C, Bernal T, Colado E, Balbín M, García-Suarez O, Chiara MD, Sáenz-de-Santa-María I, Rodríguez F, Pando-Sandoval A, Rodrigo L, Santos L, Salas A, Vallejo-Díaz J, C Carrera A, Rico D, Hernández-López I, Vayá A, Ricart JM, Seto E, Sima-Teruel N, Vaquero A, Valledor L, Cañal MJ, Pisano D, Graña-Castro O, Thomas T, Voss AK, Menéndez P, Villar-Garea A, Deutzmann R, Fernandez AF, Fraga MF. Chromatin regulation by Histone H4 acetylation at Lysine 16 during cell death and differentiation in the myeloid compartment. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:5016-5037. [PMID: 30923829 PMCID: PMC6547425 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H4 acetylation at Lysine 16 (H4K16ac) is a key epigenetic mark involved in gene regulation, DNA repair and chromatin remodeling, and though it is known to be essential for embryonic development, its role during adult life is still poorly understood. Here we show that this lysine is massively hyperacetylated in peripheral neutrophils. Genome-wide mapping of H4K16ac in terminally differentiated blood cells, along with functional experiments, supported a role for this histone post-translational modification in the regulation of cell differentiation and apoptosis in the hematopoietic system. Furthermore, in neutrophils, H4K16ac was enriched at specific DNA repeats. These DNA regions presented an accessible chromatin conformation and were associated with the cleavage sites that generate the 50 kb DNA fragments during the first stages of programmed cell death. Our results thus suggest that H4K16ac plays a dual role in myeloid cells as it not only regulates differentiation and apoptosis, but it also exhibits a non-canonical structural role in poising chromatin for cleavage at an early stage of neutrophil cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio G Urdinguio
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Virginia Lopez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain
| | - Gustavo F Bayón
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael Diaz de la Guardia
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta I Sierra
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Estela García-Toraño
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Raúl F Perez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María G García
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antonella Carella
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Patricia C Pruneda
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Prieto
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marija Dmitrijeva
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Santamarina
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Thalía Belmonte
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Mangas
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elena Diaconu
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cecilia Ferrero
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Tejedor
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Fernandez-Morera
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Bravo
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Sanjuan-Pla
- Hematology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, 46026, Spain
| | - Ramon M Rodriguez
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suarez-Alvarez
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Teresa Bernal
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Colado
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Milagros Balbín
- Service of Molecular Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Olivia García-Suarez
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Dolores Chiara
- Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Inés Sáenz-de-Santa-María
- Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Pando-Sandoval
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Instituto Nacional de Silicosis (INS), Área del Pulmón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Avenida Roma s/n, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Gastroenterology Service, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Avenida de Roma s/n, Oviedo, Asturias 33011, Spain
| | - Laura Santos
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Asturias (FINBA). Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA). Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo. Asturias. España
| | - Ana Salas
- Cytometry Service, Servicios Científico-Técnicos (SCTs). Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Vallejo-Díaz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana C Carrera
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rico
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | - Amparo Vayá
- Hemorheology and Haemostasis Unit, Service of Clinical Pathology, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Edward Seto
- George Washington University Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Núria Sima-Teruel
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199-203, 08907- L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vaquero
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l'Hospitalet, 199-203, 08907- L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Valledor
- Plant Physiology Lab, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Cañal
- Plant Physiology Lab, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - David Pisano
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3. 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Graña-Castro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3. 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tim Thomas
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne K Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), Barcelona, Spain.,Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Villar-Garea
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Deutzmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agustín F Fernandez
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), ISPA-Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Spain
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Addicks GC, Brun CE, Sincennes MC, Saber J, Porter CJ, Francis Stewart A, Ernst P, Rudnicki MA. MLL1 is required for PAX7 expression and satellite cell self-renewal in mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4256. [PMID: 31534153 PMCID: PMC6751293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PAX7 is a paired-homeobox transcription factor that specifies the myogenic identity of muscle stem cells and acts as a nodal factor by stimulating proliferation while inhibiting differentiation. We previously found that PAX7 recruits the H3K4 methyltransferases MLL1/2 to epigenetically activate target genes. Here we report that in the absence of Mll1, myoblasts exhibit reduced H3K4me3 at both Pax7 and Myf5 promoters and reduced Pax7 and Myf5 expression. Mll1-deficient myoblasts fail to proliferate but retain their differentiation potential, while deletion of Mll2 had no discernable effect. Re-expression of PAX7 in committed Mll1 cKO myoblasts restored H3K4me3 enrichment at the Myf5 promoter and Myf5 expression. Deletion of Mll1 in satellite cells reduced satellite cell proliferation and self-renewal, and significantly impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. Pax7 expression was unaffected in quiescent satellite cells but was markedly downregulated following satellite cell activation. Therefore, MLL1 is required for PAX7 expression and satellite cell function in vivo. Furthermore, PAX7, but not MLL1, is required for Myf5 transcriptional activation in committed myoblasts. PAX7 transcription factor specifies the myogenic identity of muscle stem cells and acts as a nodal factor by stimulating proliferation while inhibiting differentiation. Here authors find that Mll1 deletion in myoblasts in mice results in reduced H3K4me3 at both Pax7 and Myf5 promoters, reduced Pax7 and Myf5 expression, and proliferation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Addicks
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Caroline E Brun
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Sincennes
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John Saber
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Christopher J Porter
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - A Francis Stewart
- Genomics, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Patricia Ernst
- Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Michael A Rudnicki
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Crump NT, Milne TA. Why are so many MLL lysine methyltransferases required for normal mammalian development? Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2885-2898. [PMID: 31098676 PMCID: PMC6647185 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) family of proteins became known initially for the leukemia link of its founding member. Over the decades, the MLL family has been recognized as an important class of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferases that control key aspects of normal cell physiology and development. Here, we provide a brief history of the discovery and study of this family of proteins. We address two main questions: why are there so many H3K4 methyltransferases in mammals; and is H3K4 methylation their key function?
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Crump
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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45
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Transcriptional addiction in mixed lineage leukemia: new avenues for target therapies. BLOOD SCIENCE 2019; 1:50-56. [PMID: 35402805 PMCID: PMC8975088 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) is an aggressive and refractory blood cancer that predominantly occurs in pediatric patients and is often associated with poor prognosis and dismal outcomes. Thus far, no effective target therapy for the treatment of MLL leukemia is available. MLL leukemia is caused by the rearrangement of MLL genes at 11q23, which generates various MLL chimeric proteins that promote leukemogenesis through transcriptional misregulation of MLL target genes. Biochemical studies on MLL chimeras have identified that the most common partners exist in the superelongation complex (SEC) and DOT1L complex, which activate or sustain MLL target gene expression through processive transcription elongation. The results of these studies indicate a transcription-related mechanism for MLL leukemogenesis and maintenance. In this study, we first review the history of MLL leukemia and its related clinical features. Then, we discuss the biological functions of MLL and MLL chimeras, significant cooperating events, and transcriptional addiction mechanisms in MLL leukemia with an emphasis on potential and rational therapy development. Collectively, we believe that targeting the transcriptional addiction mediated by SEC and the DOT1L complex will provide new avenues for target therapies in MLL leukemia and serve as a novel paradigm for targeting transcriptional addiction in other cancers.
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46
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Aubert Y, Egolf S, Capell BC. The Unexpected Noncatalytic Roles of Histone Modifiers in Development and Disease. Trends Genet 2019; 35:645-657. [PMID: 31301850 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is critical for the precise control of cellular fate and developmental programs. Disruption of epigenetic information is increasingly appreciated as a potential driving mechanism in both developmental disorders as well as ubiquitous diseases such as cancer. Consistent with this, mutations in histone modifying enzymes are amongst the most frequent events in all of human cancer. While early studies have focused on the canonical enzymatic functions involved in catalyzing modifications to histones, more recent studies have uncovered a new layer of critical nonenzymatic roles in transcriptional regulation for these proteins. Here, we provide an overview of these surprising, yet exciting, noncanonical, noncatalytic roles, and highlight how these revelations may have important implications for understanding disease and the future of epigenome-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Aubert
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shaun Egolf
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian C Capell
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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47
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Schmidt L, Heyes E, Scheiblecker L, Eder T, Volpe G, Frampton J, Nerlov C, Valent P, Grembecka J, Grebien F. CEBPA-mutated leukemia is sensitive to genetic and pharmacological targeting of the MLL1 complex. Leukemia 2019; 33:1608-1619. [PMID: 30679799 PMCID: PMC6612510 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the transcription factor C/EBPα is mutated in 10-15% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. N-terminal CEBPA mutations cause ablation of full-length C/EBPα without affecting the expression of a shorter oncogenic isoform, termed p30. The mechanistic basis of p30-induced leukemogenesis is incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that the MLL1 histone-methyltransferase complex represents a critical actionable vulnerability in CEBPA-mutated AML. Oncogenic C/EBPα p30 and MLL1 show global co-localization on chromatin and p30 exhibits robust physical interaction with the MLL1 complex. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of MLL1 results in proliferation arrest and myeloid differentiation in C/EBPα p30-expressing cells. In line, CEBPA-mutated hematopoietic progenitor cells are hypersensitive to pharmacological targeting of the MLL1 complex. Inhibitor treatment impairs proliferation and restores myeloid differentiation potential in mouse and human AML cells with CEBPA mutations. Finally, we identify the transcription factor GATA2 as a direct critical target of the p30-MLL1 interaction. Altogether, we show that C/EBPα p30 requires the MLL1 complex to regulate oncogenic gene expression and that CEBPA-mutated AML is hypersensitive to perturbation of the MLL1 complex. These findings identify the MLL1 complex as a potential therapeutic target in AML with CEBPA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Schmidt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Heyes
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Eder
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giacomo Volpe
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jon Frampton
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claus Nerlov
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Florian Grebien
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Chen Y, Ernst P. Hematopoietic transformation in the absence of MLL1/KMT2A: distinctions in target gene reactivation. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1525-1531. [PMID: 31161857 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1618642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transcriptional networks is a common theme in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Chromosomal translocations that alter the Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1 gene (MLL1, MLL, KMT2A) occur in infant, childhood and adult leukemia and at the same time, wild-type MLL1 is a critical regulator of HSC homeostasis. Typically, the endogenous, wild-type (WT) MLL1 and MLL fusion oncoproteins (MLL-FPs) remain both expressed in leukemia. WT and MLL-FPs activate overlapping sets of target genes, presenting a challenge for the selective therapeutic targeting of leukemic cells. We previously demonstrated that endogenous MLL1 is not required for the maintenance of MLL-FP-driven AML but is required for normal HSC homeostasis. Here we address the role of MLL-FPs in the initiation of leukemia in the absence of endogenous MLL1. We show that loss of endogenous Mll1 results in a rapid decrease in expression of shared HSC/leukemia target genes, yet MLL-AF9 restores the expression of most of these target genes in the absence of WT MLL1, with the critical exception of Mecom/Evi1. These observations underscore the sufficiency of MLL-fusion oncoproteins for initiating leukemia, but also illustrate that WT MLL1 target genes differ in their ability to be re-activated by MLL-FPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Chen
- a Department of Pediatrics , Section of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Patricia Ernst
- a Department of Pediatrics , Section of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA.,b Pharmacology , University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
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Chan AKN, Chen CW. Rewiring the Epigenetic Networks in MLL-Rearranged Leukemias: Epigenetic Dysregulation and Pharmacological Interventions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:81. [PMID: 31157223 PMCID: PMC6529847 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemias driven by chromosomal translocation of the mixed-lineage leukemia gene (MLL or KMT2A) are highly prevalent in pediatric oncology. The poor survival rate and lack of an effective targeted therapy for patients with MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemias emphasize an urgent need for improved knowledge and novel therapeutic approaches for these malignancies. The resulting chimeric products of MLL gene rearrangements, i.e., MLL-fusion proteins (MLL-FPs), are capable of transforming hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) into leukemic blasts. The ability of MLL-FPs to reprogram HSPCs toward leukemia requires the involvement of multiple chromatin effectors, including the histone 3 lysine 79 methyltransferase DOT1L, the chromatin epigenetic reader BRD4, and the super elongation complex. These epigenetic regulators constitute a complicated network that dictates maintenance of the leukemia program, and therefore represent an important cluster of therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we will discuss the role of MLL and its fusion partners in normal HSPCs and hematopoiesis, including the links between chromatin effectors, epigenetic landscapes, and leukemia development, and summarize current approaches to therapeutic targeting of MLL-r leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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Abstract
Recurrent chromosomal rearrangements leading to the generation of oncogenic fusion proteins are a common feature of many cancers. These aberrations are particularly prevalent in sarcomas and haematopoietic malignancies and frequently involve genes required for chromatin regulation and transcriptional control. In many cases, these fusion proteins are thought to be the primary driver of cancer development, altering chromatin dynamics to initiate oncogenic gene expression programmes. In recent years, mechanistic insights into the underlying molecular functions of a number of these oncogenic fusion proteins have been discovered. These insights have allowed the design of mechanistically anchored therapeutic approaches promising substantial treatment advances. In this Review, we discuss how our understanding of fusion protein function is informing therapeutic innovations and illuminating mechanisms of chromatin and transcriptional regulation in cancer and normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard L Brien
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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