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Völkers M, Preiss T, Hentze MW. RNA-binding proteins in cardiovascular biology and disease: the beat goes on. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:361-378. [PMID: 38163813 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac development and function are becoming increasingly well understood from different angles, including signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. By contrast, the importance of the post-transcriptional landscape of cardiac biology largely remains to be uncovered, building on the foundation of a few existing paradigms. The discovery during the past decade of hundreds of additional RNA-binding proteins in mammalian cells and organs, including the heart, is expected to accelerate progress and has raised intriguing possibilities for better understanding the intricacies of cardiac development, metabolism and adaptive alterations. In this Review, we discuss the progress and new concepts on RNA-binding proteins and RNA biology and appraise them in the context of common cardiovascular clinical conditions, from cell and organ-wide perspectives. We also discuss how a better understanding of cardiac RNA-binding proteins can fill crucial knowledge gaps in cardiology and might pave the way to developing better treatments to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Völkers
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg and Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Preiss
- Shine-Dalgarno Centre for RNA Innovation, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthias W Hentze
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Verma SK, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN. RNA binding proteins in cardiovascular development and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:51-119. [PMID: 38556427 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect affecting>1.35 million newborn babies worldwide. CHD can lead to prenatal, neonatal, postnatal lethality or life-long cardiac complications. RNA binding protein (RBP) mutations or variants are emerging as contributors to CHDs. RBPs are wizards of gene regulation and are major contributors to mRNA and protein landscape. However, not much is known about RBPs in the developing heart and their contributions to CHD. In this chapter, we will discuss our current knowledge about specific RBPs implicated in CHDs. We are in an exciting era to study RBPs using the currently available and highly successful RNA-based therapies and methodologies. Understanding how RBPs shape the developing heart will unveil their contributions to CHD. Identifying their target RNAs in the embryonic heart will ultimately lead to RNA-based treatments for congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Verma
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, VA, United States; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
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3
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Cao J, Wei Z, Nie Y, Chen HZ. Therapeutic potential of alternative splicing in cardiovascular diseases. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:104995. [PMID: 38350330 PMCID: PMC10874720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing is an important RNA processing step required by multiexon protein-coding mRNAs and some noncoding RNAs. Precise RNA splicing is required for maintaining gene and cell function; however, mis-spliced RNA transcripts can lead to loss- or gain-of-function effects in human diseases. Mis-spliced RNAs induced by gene mutations or the dysregulation of splicing regulators may result in frameshifts, nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), or inclusion/exclusion of exons. Genetic animal models have characterised multiple splicing factors required for cardiac development or function. Moreover, sarcomeric and ion channel genes, which are closely associated with cardiovascular function and disease, are hotspots for AS. Here, we summarise splicing factors and their targets that are associated with cardiovascular diseases, introduce some therapies potentially related to pathological AS targets, and raise outstanding questions and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ziyu Wei
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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4
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Mukherjee A, Nongthomba U. To RNA-binding and beyond: Emerging facets of the role of Rbfox proteins in development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023:e1813. [PMID: 37661850 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The RNA-binding Fox-1 homologue (Rbfox) proteins represent an ancient family of splicing factors, conserved through evolution. All members share an RNA recognition motif (RRM), and a particular affinity for the GCAUG signature in target RNA molecules. The role of Rbfox, as a splice factor, deciding the tissue-specific inclusion/exclusion of an exon, depending on its binding position on the flanking introns, is well known. Rbfox often acts in concert with other splicing factors, and forms splicing regulatory networks. Apart from this canonical role, recent studies show that Rbfox can also function as a transcription co-factor, and affects mRNA stability and translation. The repertoire of Rbfox targets is vast, including genes involved in the development of tissue lineages, such as neurogenesis, myogenesis, and erythropoeiesis, and molecular processes, including cytoskeletal dynamics, and calcium handling. A second layer of complexity is added by the fact that Rbfox expression itself is regulated by multiple mechanisms, and, in vertebrates, exhibits tissue-specific expression. The optimum dosage of Rbfox is critical, and its misexpression is etiological to various disease conditions. In this review, we discuss the contextual roles played by Rbfox as a tissue-specific regulator for the expression of many important genes with diverse functions, through the lens of the emerging data which highlights its involvement in many human diseases. Furthermore, we explore the mechanistic details provided by studies in model organisms, with emphasis on the work with Drosophila. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amartya Mukherjee
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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5
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Potel KN, Cornelius VA, Yacoub A, Chokr A, Donaghy CL, Kelaini S, Eleftheriadou M, Margariti A. Effects of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins on mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1165302. [PMID: 37719978 PMCID: PMC10502732 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1165302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular complications are the main cause of diabetes mellitus-associated morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction underly injury to the vascular endothelium and myocardium, resulting in diabetic angiopathy and cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to play an important role in cardiomyopathic disruptions of key cellular functions, including energy metabolism and oxidative balance. Both non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins are implicated in diabetic cardiomyopathy, however, their impact on mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of this disease is largely unknown. Elucidating the effects of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins on mitochondrial pathways in diabetic cardiomyopathy would allow further insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications and could facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Stem cell-based models can facilitate the study of non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins and their unique characteristics make them a promising tool to improve our understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray N. Potel
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria A. Cornelius
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Yacoub
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Chokr
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Clare L. Donaghy
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Kelaini
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalini Eleftheriadou
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Andriana Margariti
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Dou X, Xiao Y, Shen C, Wang K, Wu T, Liu C, Li Y, Yu X, Liu J, Dai Q, Pajdzik K, Ye C, Ge R, Gao B, Yu J, Sun S, Chen M, Chen J, He C. RBFOX2 recognizes N 6-methyladenosine to suppress transcription and block myeloid leukaemia differentiation. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1359-1368. [PMID: 37640841 PMCID: PMC10495261 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation can be deposited on chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) by the RNA methyltransferase complex (MTC) to regulate chromatin state and transcription. However, the mechanism by which MTC is recruited to distinct genomic loci remains elusive. Here we identify RBFOX2, a well-studied RNA-binding protein, as a chromatin factor that preferentially recognizes m6A on caRNAs. RBFOX2 can recruit RBM15, an MTC component, to facilitate methylation of promoter-associated RNAs. RBM15 also physically interacts with YTHDC1 and recruits polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to the RBFOX2-bound loci for chromatin silencing and transcription suppression. Furthermore, we found that this RBFOX2/m6A/RBM15/YTHDC1/PRC2 axis plays a critical role in myeloid leukaemia. Downregulation of RBFOX2 notably inhibits survival/proliferation of acute myeloid leukaemia cells and promotes their myeloid differentiation. RBFOX2 is also required for self-renewal of leukaemia stem/initiation cells and acute myeloid leukaemia maintenance. Our study presents a pathway of m6A MTC recruitment and m6A deposition on caRNAs, resulting in locus-selective chromatin regulation, which has potential therapeutic implications in leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Kitty Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yini Li
- Department of Physiology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xianbin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kinga Pajdzik
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruiqi Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Boyang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shuying Sun
- Department of Physiology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA.
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL, USA.
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7
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Li P, Qin D, Chen T, Hou W, Song X, Yin S, Song M, Fernando WCHA, Chen X, Sun Y, Wang J. Dysregulated Rbfox2 produces aberrant splicing of Ca V1.2 calcium channel in diabetes-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:168. [PMID: 37415128 PMCID: PMC10324275 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-type Ca2+ channel CaV1.2 is essential for cardiomyocyte excitation, contraction and gene transcription in the heart, and abnormal functions of cardiac CaV1.2 channels are presented in diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. The functions of CaV1.2 channels are subtly modulated by splicing factor-mediated alternative splicing (AS), but whether and how CaV1.2 channels are alternatively spliced in diabetic heart remains unknown. METHODS Diabetic rat models were established by using high-fat diet in combination with low dose streptozotocin. Cardiac function and morphology were assessed by echocardiography and HE staining, respectively. Isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were used as a cell-based model. Cardiac CaV1.2 channel functions were measured by whole-cell patch clamp, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration was monitored by using Fluo-4 AM. RESULTS We find that diabetic rats develop diastolic dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy accompanied by an increased CaV1.2 channel with alternative exon 9* (CaV1.2E9*), but unchanged that with alternative exon 8/8a or exon 33. The splicing factor Rbfox2 expression is also increased in diabetic heart, presumably because of dominate-negative (DN) isoform. Unexpectedly, high glucose cannot induce the aberrant expressions of CaV1.2 exon 9* and Rbfox2. But glycated serum (GS), the mimic of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), upregulates CaV1.2E9* channels proportion and downregulates Rbfox2 expression in NRVMs. By whole-cell patch clamp, we find GS application hyperpolarizes the current-voltage curve and window currents of cardiac CaV1.2 channels. Moreover, GS treatment raises K+-triggered intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), enlarges cell surface area of NRVMs and induces hypertrophic genes transcription. Consistently, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Rbfox2 in NRVMs upregulates CaV1.2E9* channel, shifts CaV1.2 window currents to hyperpolarization, increases [Ca2+]i and induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS AGEs, not glucose, dysregulates Rbfox2 which thereby increases CaV1.2E9* channels and hyperpolarizes channel window currents. These make the channels open at greater negative potentials and lead to increased [Ca2+]i in cardiomyocytes, and finally induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in diabetes. Our work elucidates the underlying mechanisms for CaV1.2 channel regulation in diabetic heart, and targeting Rbfox2 to reset the aberrantly spliced CaV1.2 channel might be a promising therapeutic approach in diabetes-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Dongxia Qin
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Tiange Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xinyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Shumin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Miaomiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - W C Hewith A Fernando
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Juejin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
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8
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Montañés-Agudo P, Pinto YM, Creemers EE. Splicing factors in the heart: Uncovering shared and unique targets. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 179:72-79. [PMID: 37059416 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing generates specialized protein isoforms that allow the heart to adapt during development and disease. The recent discovery that mutations in the splicing factor RNA-binding protein 20 (RBM20) cause a severe form of familial dilated cardiomyopathy has sparked a great interest in alternative splicing in the field of cardiology. Since then, identification of splicing factors controlling alternative splicing in the heart has grown at a rapid pace. Despite the intriguing observation that a certain overlap exists between the targets of some splicing factors, an integrated and systematic analysis of their splicing networks is missing. Here, we compared the splicing networks of individual splicing factors by re-analyzing original RNA-sequencing data from eight previously published mouse models, in which a single splicing factor has been genetically deleted (i.e. HNRNPU, MBNL1/2, QKI, RBM20, RBM24, RBPMS, SRSF3, SRSF4). We show that key splicing events in Camk2d, Ryr2, Tpm1, Tpm2 and Pdlim5 require the combined action of the majority of these splicing factors. Additionally, we identified common targets and pathways among splicing factors, with the largest overlap between the splicing networks of MBNL, QKI and RBM24. We also re-analyzed a large-scale RNA-sequencing study on hearts of 128 heart failure patients. Here, we observed that MBNL1, QKI and RBM24 expression varied greatly. This variation in expression correlated with differential splicing of their downstream targets as found in mice, suggesting that aberrant splicing by MBNL1, QKI and RBM24 might contribute to the disease mechanism in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Montañés-Agudo
- Experimental Cardiology, Room K2-112, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, Amsterdam 1105AZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Yigal M Pinto
- Experimental Cardiology, Room K2-104, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, Amsterdam 1105AZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Esther E Creemers
- Experimental Cardiology, Room K2-104-2, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, Amsterdam 1105AZ, the Netherlands.
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9
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Suppression of RBFox2 by Multiple MiRNAs in Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021283. [PMID: 36674797 PMCID: PMC9867119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the final stage of various cardiovascular diseases and seriously threatens human health. Increasing mediators have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure, including the RNA binding protein RBFox2. It participates in multiple aspects of the regulation of cardiac function and plays a critical role in the process of heart failure. However, how RBFox2 itself is regulated remains unclear. Here, we dissected transcriptomic signatures, including mRNAs and miRNAs, in a mouse model of heart failure after TAC surgery. A global analysis showed that an asymmetric alternation in gene expression and a large-scale upregulation of miRNAs occurred in heart failure. An association analysis revealed that the latter not only contributed to the degradation of numerous mRNA transcripts, but also suppressed the translation of key proteins such as RBFox2. With the aid of Ago2 CLIP-seq data, luciferase assays verified that RBFox2 was targeted by multiple miRNAs, including Let-7, miR-16, and miR-200b, which were significantly upregulated in heart failure. The overexpression of these miRNAs suppressed the RBFox2 protein and its downstream effects in cardiomyocytes, which was evidenced by the suppressed alternative splicing of the Enah gene and impaired E-C coupling via the repression of the Jph2 protein. The inhibition of Let-7, the most abundant miRNA family targeting RBFox2, could restore the RBFox2 protein as well as its downstream effects in dysfunctional cardiomyocytes induced by ISO treatment. In all, these findings revealed the molecular mechanism leading to RBFox2 depression in heart failure, and provided an approach to rescue RBFox2 through miRNA inhibition for the treatment of heart failure.
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Akerberg AA, Trembley M, Butty V, Schwertner A, Zhao L, Beerens M, Liu X, Mahamdeh M, Yuan S, Boyer L, MacRae C, Nguyen C, Pu WT, Burns CE, Burns CG. RBPMS2 Is a Myocardial-Enriched Splicing Regulator Required for Cardiac Function. Circ Res 2022; 131:980-1000. [PMID: 36367103 PMCID: PMC9770155 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RBPs (RNA-binding proteins) perform indispensable functions in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Numerous RBPs have been implicated in cardiac development or physiology based on gene knockout studies and the identification of pathogenic RBP gene mutations in monogenic heart disorders. The discovery and characterization of additional RBPs performing indispensable functions in the heart will advance basic and translational cardiovascular research. METHODS We performed a differential expression screen in zebrafish embryos to identify genes enriched in nkx2.5-positive cardiomyocytes or cardiopharyngeal progenitors compared to nkx2.5-negative cells from the same embryos. We investigated the myocardial-enriched gene RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing (variants) 2 [RBPMS2)] by generating and characterizing rbpms2 knockout zebrafish and human cardiomyocytes derived from RBPMS2-deficient induced pluripotent stem cells. RESULTS We identified 1848 genes enriched in the nkx2.5-positive population. Among the most highly enriched genes, most with well-established functions in the heart, we discovered the ohnologs rbpms2a and rbpms2b, which encode an evolutionarily conserved RBP. Rbpms2 localizes selectively to cardiomyocytes during zebrafish heart development and strong cardiomyocyte expression persists into adulthood. Rbpms2-deficient embryos suffer from early cardiac dysfunction characterized by reduced ejection fraction. The functional deficit is accompanied by myofibril disarray, altered calcium handling, and differential alternative splicing events in mutant cardiomyocytes. These phenotypes are also observed in RBPMS2-deficient human cardiomyocytes, indicative of conserved molecular and cellular function. RNA-sequencing and comparative analysis of genes mis-spliced in RBPMS2-deficient zebrafish and human cardiomyocytes uncovered a conserved network of 29 ortholog pairs that require RBPMS2 for alternative splicing regulation, including RBFOX2, SLC8A1, and MYBPC3. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies RBPMS2 as a conserved regulator of alternative splicing, myofibrillar organization, and calcium handling in zebrafish and human cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Akerberg
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston‚ MA (A.A.A., M.T., X.L., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown‚ MA (A.A.A., A.S., L.Z., M.M., S.Y., C.N., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.A.A., M.T., A.S., L.Z., M.B., X.L., M.M., S.Y., C.M., C.N., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
| | - Michael Trembley
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston‚ MA (A.A.A., M.T., X.L., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.A.A., M.T., A.S., L.Z., M.B., X.L., M.M., S.Y., C.M., C.N., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
| | - Vincent Butty
- BioMicroCenter, Department of Biology (V.B.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge‚ MA
- Department of Biology (V.B., L.B.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge‚ MA
| | - Asya Schwertner
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown‚ MA (A.A.A., A.S., L.Z., M.M., S.Y., C.N., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.A.A., M.T., A.S., L.Z., M.B., X.L., M.M., S.Y., C.M., C.N., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
| | - Long Zhao
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.A.A., M.T., A.S., L.Z., M.B., X.L., M.M., S.Y., C.M., C.N., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
| | - Manu Beerens
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.A.A., M.T., A.S., L.Z., M.B., X.L., M.M., S.Y., C.M., C.N., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B., C.M.)
| | - Xujie Liu
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston‚ MA (A.A.A., M.T., X.L., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.A.A., M.T., A.S., L.Z., M.B., X.L., M.M., S.Y., C.M., C.N., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
| | - Mohammed Mahamdeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown‚ MA (A.A.A., A.S., L.Z., M.M., S.Y., C.N., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.A.A., M.T., A.S., L.Z., M.B., X.L., M.M., S.Y., C.M., C.N., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
| | - Shiaulou Yuan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown‚ MA (A.A.A., A.S., L.Z., M.M., S.Y., C.N., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.A.A., M.T., A.S., L.Z., M.B., X.L., M.M., S.Y., C.M., C.N., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
| | - Laurie Boyer
- Department of Biology (V.B., L.B.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge‚ MA
- Department of Biological Engineering (L.B.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge‚ MA
| | - Calum MacRae
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.A.A., M.T., A.S., L.Z., M.B., X.L., M.M., S.Y., C.M., C.N., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B., C.M.)
| | - Christopher Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown‚ MA (A.A.A., A.S., L.Z., M.M., S.Y., C.N., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.A.A., M.T., A.S., L.Z., M.B., X.L., M.M., S.Y., C.M., C.N., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Cardiovascular Innovation Research Center, Heart Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic‚ Cleveland‚ OH (C.N.)
| | - William T. Pu
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston‚ MA (A.A.A., M.T., X.L., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.A.A., M.T., A.S., L.Z., M.B., X.L., M.M., S.Y., C.M., C.N., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P., C.E.B.)
| | - Caroline E. Burns
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston‚ MA (A.A.A., M.T., X.L., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown‚ MA (A.A.A., A.S., L.Z., M.M., S.Y., C.N., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.A.A., M.T., A.S., L.Z., M.B., X.L., M.M., S.Y., C.M., C.N., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA (W.T.P., C.E.B.)
| | - C. Geoffrey Burns
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston‚ MA (A.A.A., M.T., X.L., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown‚ MA (A.A.A., A.S., L.Z., M.M., S.Y., C.N., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.A.A., M.T., A.S., L.Z., M.B., X.L., M.M., S.Y., C.M., C.N., W.T.P., C.E.B., C.G.B.)
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11
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Salmen F, De Jonghe J, Kaminski TS, Alemany A, Parada GE, Verity-Legg J, Yanagida A, Kohler TN, Battich N, van den Brekel F, Ellermann AL, Arias AM, Nichols J, Hemberg M, Hollfelder F, van Oudenaarden A. High-throughput total RNA sequencing in single cells using VASA-seq. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1780-1793. [PMID: 35760914 PMCID: PMC9750877 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Most methods for single-cell transcriptome sequencing amplify the termini of polyadenylated transcripts, capturing only a small fraction of the total cellular transcriptome. This precludes the detection of many long non-coding, short non-coding and non-polyadenylated protein-coding transcripts and hinders alternative splicing analysis. We, therefore, developed VASA-seq to detect the total transcriptome in single cells, which is enabled by fragmenting and tailing all RNA molecules subsequent to cell lysis. The method is compatible with both plate-based formats and droplet microfluidics. We applied VASA-seq to more than 30,000 single cells in the developing mouse embryo during gastrulation and early organogenesis. Analyzing the dynamics of the total single-cell transcriptome, we discovered cell type markers, many based on non-coding RNA, and performed in vivo cell cycle analysis via detection of non-polyadenylated histone genes. RNA velocity characterization was improved, accurately retracing blood maturation trajectories. Moreover, our VASA-seq data provide a comprehensive analysis of alternative splicing during mammalian development, which highlighted substantial rearrangements during blood development and heart morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Salmen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joachim De Jonghe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Tomasz S Kaminski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Alemany
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Joe Verity-Legg
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ayaka Yanagida
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Timo N Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas Battich
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Floris van den Brekel
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anna L Ellermann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alfonso Martinez Arias
- Systems Bioengineering, DCEXS, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88 ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Hemberg
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexander van Oudenaarden
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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12
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Intrinsic myocardial defects underlie an Rbfox-deficient zebrafish model of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5877. [PMID: 36198703 PMCID: PMC9534849 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is characterized by underdevelopment of left sided structures including the ventricle, valves, and aorta. Prevailing paradigm suggests that HLHS is a multigenic disease of co-occurring phenotypes. Here, we report that zebrafish lacking two orthologs of the RNA binding protein RBFOX2, a gene linked to HLHS in humans, display cardiovascular defects overlapping those in HLHS patients including ventricular, valve, and aortic deficiencies. In contrast to current models, we demonstrate that these structural deficits arise secondary to impaired pump function as these phenotypes are rescued when Rbfox is specifically expressed in the myocardium. Mechanistically, we find diminished expression and alternative splicing of sarcomere and mitochondrial components that compromise sarcomere assembly and mitochondrial respiration, respectively. Injection of human RBFOX2 mRNA restores cardiovascular development in rbfox mutant zebrafish, while HLHS-linked RBFOX2 variants fail to rescue. This work supports an emerging paradigm for HLHS pathogenesis that centers on myocardial intrinsic defects.
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13
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Zhu L, Choudhary K, Gonzalez-Teran B, Ang YS, Thomas R, Stone NR, Liu L, Zhou P, Zhu C, Ruan H, Huang Y, Jin S, Pelonero A, Koback F, Padmanabhan A, Sadagopan N, Hsu A, Costa MW, Gifford CA, van Bemmel J, Hüttenhain R, Vedantham V, Conklin BR, Black BL, Bruneau BG, Steinmetz L, Krogan NJ, Pollard KS, Srivastava D. Transcription Factor GATA4 Regulates Cell Type-Specific Splicing Through Direct Interaction With RNA in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitors. Circulation 2022; 146:770-787. [PMID: 35938400 PMCID: PMC9452483 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GATA4 (GATA-binding protein 4), a zinc finger-containing, DNA-binding transcription factor, is essential for normal cardiac development and homeostasis in mice and humans, and mutations in this gene have been reported in human heart defects. Defects in alternative splicing are associated with many heart diseases, yet relatively little is known about how cell type- or cell state-specific alternative splicing is achieved in the heart. Here, we show that GATA4 regulates cell type-specific splicing through direct interaction with RNA and the spliceosome in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors. METHODS We leveraged a combination of unbiased approaches including affinity purification of GATA4 and mass spectrometry, enhanced cross-linking with immunoprecipitation, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, in vitro splicing assays, and unbiased transcriptomic analysis to uncover GATA4's novel function as a splicing regulator in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors. RESULTS We found that GATA4 interacts with many members of the spliceosome complex in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors. Enhanced cross-linking with immunoprecipitation demonstrated that GATA4 also directly binds to a large number of mRNAs through defined RNA motifs in a sequence-specific manner. In vitro splicing assays indicated that GATA4 regulates alternative splicing through direct RNA binding, resulting in functionally distinct protein products. Correspondingly, knockdown of GATA4 in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors resulted in differential alternative splicing of genes involved in cytoskeleton organization and calcium ion import, with functional consequences associated with the protein isoforms. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that in addition to its well described transcriptional function, GATA4 interacts with members of the spliceosome complex and regulates cell type-specific alternative splicing via sequence-specific interactions with RNA. Several genes that have splicing regulated by GATA4 have functional consequences and many are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, suggesting a novel role for GATA4 in achieving the necessary cardiac proteome in normal and stress-responsive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Barbara Gonzalez-Teran
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yen-Sin Ang
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicole R. Stone
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ping Zhou
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hongmei Ruan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shibo Jin
- Division of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Angelo Pelonero
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frances Koback
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arun Padmanabhan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nandhini Sadagopan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Austin Hsu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mauro W. Costa
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Casey A. Gifford
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joke van Bemmel
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruth Hüttenhain
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vasanth Vedantham
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce R. Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian L. Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benoit G. Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lars Steinmetz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nevan J. Krogan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine S. Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute for Computational Health Sciences, and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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14
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Chen X, Wu J, Li Z, Han J, Xia P, Shen Y, Ma J, Liu X, Zhang J, Yu P. Advances in The Study of RNA-binding Proteins in Diabetic Complications. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101515. [PMID: 35597446 PMCID: PMC9168169 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that diabetes mellitus affects 435 million people globally as a primary health care problem. Despite many therapies available, many diabetes remains uncontrolled, giving rise to irreversible diabetic complications that pose significant risks to patients’ wellbeing and survival. Scope of Review In recent years, as much effort is put into elucidating the posttranscriptional gene regulation network of diabetes and diabetic complications; RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are found to be vital. RBPs regulate gene expression through various post-transcriptional mechanisms, including alternative splicing, RNA export, messenger RNA translation, RNA degradation, and RNA stabilization. Major Conclusions Here, we summarized recent studies on the roles and mechanisms of RBPs in mediating abnormal gene expression in diabetes and its complications. Moreover, we discussed the potential and theoretical basis of RBPs to treat diabetes and its complications. • Mechanisms of action of RBPs involved in diabetic complications are summarized and elucidated. • We discuss the theoretical basis and potential of RBPs for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. • We summarize the possible effective drugs for diabetes based on RBPs promoting the development of future therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiashu Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianyong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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15
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Gan P, Wang Z, Morales MG, Zhang Y, Bassel-Duby R, Liu N, Olson EN. RBPMS is an RNA-binding protein that mediates cardiomyocyte binucleation and cardiovascular development. Dev Cell 2022; 57:959-973.e7. [PMID: 35472321 PMCID: PMC9116735 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Noncompaction cardiomyopathy is a common congenital cardiac disorder associated with abnormal ventricular cardiomyocyte trabeculation and impaired pump function. The genetic basis and underlying mechanisms of this disorder remain elusive. We show that the genetic deletion of RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing (Rbpms), an uncharacterized RNA-binding factor, causes perinatal lethality in mice due to congenital cardiovascular defects. The loss of Rbpms causes premature onset of cardiomyocyte binucleation and cell cycle arrest during development. Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes with RBPMS gene deletion have a similar blockade to cytokinesis. Sequencing analysis revealed that RBPMS plays a role in RNA splicing and influences RNAs involved in cytoskeletal signaling pathways. We found that RBPMS mediates the isoform switching of the heart-enriched LIM domain protein Pdlim5. The loss of Rbpms leads to an abnormal accumulation of Pdlim5-short isoforms, disrupting cardiomyocyte cytokinesis. Our findings connect premature cardiomyocyte binucleation to noncompaction cardiomyopathy and highlight the role of RBPMS in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiheng Gan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhaoning Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Morales
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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16
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Verma SK, Deshmukh V, Thatcher K, Belanger KK, Rhyner A, Meng S, Holcomb R, Bressan M, Martin J, Cooke J, Wythe J, Widen S, Lincoln J, Kuyumcu-Martinez M. RBFOX2 is required for establishing RNA regulatory networks essential for heart development. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:2270-2286. [PMID: 35137168 PMCID: PMC8881802 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies identified a strong association between loss of function mutations in RBFOX2 and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). There are currently no Rbfox2 mouse models that recapitulate HLHS. Therefore, it is still unknown how RBFOX2 as an RNA binding protein contributes to heart development. To address this, we conditionally deleted Rbfox2 in embryonic mouse hearts and found profound defects in cardiac chamber and yolk sac vasculature formation. Importantly, our Rbfox2 conditional knockout mouse model recapitulated several molecular and phenotypic features of HLHS. To determine the molecular drivers of these cardiac defects, we performed RNA-sequencing in Rbfox2 mutant hearts and identified dysregulated alternative splicing (AS) networks that affect cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) mediated by Rho GTPases. We identified two Rho GTPase cycling genes as targets of RBFOX2. Modulating AS of these two genes using antisense oligos led to cell cycle and cell-ECM adhesion defects. Consistently, Rbfox2 mutant hearts displayed cell cycle defects and inability to undergo endocardial-mesenchymal transition, processes dependent on cell-ECM adhesion and that are seen in HLHS. Overall, our work not only revealed that loss of Rbfox2 leads to heart development defects resembling HLHS, but also identified RBFOX2-regulated AS networks that influence cell-ECM communication vital for heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Verma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Vaibhav Deshmukh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Thatcher
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Herma Heart Institute, Children's WI, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - KarryAnne K Belanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alexander M Rhyner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shu Meng
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard Joshua Holcomb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Michael Bressan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab;Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab;Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Herma Heart Institute, Children's WI, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd. Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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17
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Cao J, Verma SK, Jaworski E, Mohan S, Nagasawa CK, Rayavara K, Sooter A, Miller SN, Holcomb RJ, Powell MJ, Ji P, Elrod ND, Yildirim E, Wagner EJ, Popov V, Garg NJ, Routh AL, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN. RBFOX2 is critical for maintaining alternative polyadenylation patterns and mitochondrial health in rat myoblasts. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109910. [PMID: 34731606 PMCID: PMC8600936 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RBFOX2, which has a well-established role in alternative splicing, is linked to heart diseases. However, it is unclear whether RBFOX2 has other roles in RNA processing that can influence gene expression in muscle cells, contributing to heart disease. Here, we employ both 3'-end and nanopore cDNA sequencing to reveal a previously unrecognized role for RBFOX2 in maintaining alternative polyadenylation (APA) signatures in myoblasts. RBFOX2-mediated APA modulates mRNA levels and/or isoform expression of a collection of genes, including contractile and mitochondrial genes. Depletion of RBFOX2 adversely affects mitochondrial health in myoblasts, correlating with disrupted APA of mitochondrial gene Slc25a4. Mechanistically, RBFOX2 regulation of Slc25a4 APA is mediated through consensus RBFOX2 binding motifs near the distal polyadenylation site, enforcing the use of the proximal polyadenylation site. In sum, our results unveil a role for RBFOX2 in fine-tuning expression of mitochondrial and contractile genes via APA in myoblasts relevant to heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sunil K Verma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jaworski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Stephanie Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Chloe K Nagasawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Kempaiah Rayavara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Amanda Sooter
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sierra N Miller
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Richard J Holcomb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mason J Powell
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nathan D Elrod
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Eda Yildirim
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Eric J Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Centre for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Vsevolod Popov
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Andrew L Routh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Centre for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Cell biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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18
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Yasuhara J, Garg V. Genetics of congenital heart disease: a narrative review of recent advances and clinical implications. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:2366-2386. [PMID: 34733677 PMCID: PMC8506053 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common human birth defect and remains a leading cause of mortality in childhood. Although advances in clinical management have improved the survival of children with CHD, adult survivors commonly experience cardiac and non-cardiac comorbidities, which affect quality of life and prognosis. Therefore, the elucidation of genetic etiologies of CHD not only has important clinical implications for genetic counseling of patients and families but may also impact clinical outcomes by identifying at-risk patients. Recent advancements in genetic technologies, including massively parallel sequencing, have allowed for the discovery of new genetic etiologies for CHD. Although variant prioritization and interpretation of pathogenicity remain challenges in the field of CHD genomics, advances in single-cell genomics and functional genomics using cellular and animal models of CHD have the potential to provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of CHD and its associated morbidities. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the established genetic contributors to CHD and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the genetic architecture of CHD along with current challenges with the interpretation of genetic variation. Furthermore, we highlight the clinical implications of genetic findings to predict and potentially improve clinical outcomes in patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yasuhara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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19
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Larrasa-Alonso J, Villalba-Orero M, Martí-Gómez C, Ortiz-Sánchez P, López-Olañeta MM, Rey-Martín MA, Sánchez-Cabo F, McNicoll F, Müller-McNicoll M, García-Pavía P, Lara-Pezzi E. The SRSF4-GAS5-Glucocorticoid Receptor Axis Regulates Ventricular Hypertrophy. Circ Res 2021; 129:669-683. [PMID: 34333993 PMCID: PMC8409900 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. RBPs (RNA-binding proteins) play critical roles in human biology and disease. Aberrant RBP expression affects various steps in RNA processing, altering the function of the target RNAs. The RBP SRSF4 (serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 4) has been linked to neuropathies and cancer. However, its role in the heart is completely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Larrasa-Alonso
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.L.-A., M.V.-O., C.M.-G., P.O.S., M.M.L.-O., M.A.R.-M., F.S.C., E.L.-P.)
| | - María Villalba-Orero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.L.-A., M.V.-O., C.M.-G., P.O.S., M.M.L.-O., M.A.R.-M., F.S.C., E.L.-P.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (M.V.-O., P.G.-P., E.L.-P.)
| | - Carlos Martí-Gómez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.L.-A., M.V.-O., C.M.-G., P.O.S., M.M.L.-O., M.A.R.-M., F.S.C., E.L.-P.)
| | - Paula Ortiz-Sánchez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.L.-A., M.V.-O., C.M.-G., P.O.S., M.M.L.-O., M.A.R.-M., F.S.C., E.L.-P.)
| | - Marina M López-Olañeta
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.L.-A., M.V.-O., C.M.-G., P.O.S., M.M.L.-O., M.A.R.-M., F.S.C., E.L.-P.)
| | - M Ascensión Rey-Martín
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.L.-A., M.V.-O., C.M.-G., P.O.S., M.M.L.-O., M.A.R.-M., F.S.C., E.L.-P.)
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.L.-A., M.V.-O., C.M.-G., P.O.S., M.M.L.-O., M.A.R.-M., F.S.C., E.L.-P.)
| | - François McNicoll
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (F.M., M.M.-M.)
| | - Michaela Müller-McNicoll
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (F.M., M.M.-M.)
| | - Pablo García-Pavía
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (M.V.-O., P.G.-P., E.L.-P.).,Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-P.).,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-P.)
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (J.L.-A., M.V.-O., C.M.-G., P.O.S., M.M.L.-O., M.A.R.-M., F.S.C., E.L.-P.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (M.V.-O., P.G.-P., E.L.-P.)
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20
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Dumont AA, Dumont L, Zhou D, Giguère H, Pileggi C, Harper ME, Blondin DP, Scott MS, Auger-Messier M. Cardiomyocyte-specific Srsf3 deletion reveals a mitochondrial regulatory role. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21544. [PMID: 33819356 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002293rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Serine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) was recently reported as being necessary to preserve RNA stability via an mTOR mechanism in a cardiac mouse model in adulthood. Here, we demonstrate the link between Srsf3 and mitochondrial integrity in an embryonic cardiomyocyte-specific Srsf3 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model. Fifteen-day-old Srsf3 cKO mice showed dramatically reduced (below 50%) survival and reduced the left ventricular systolic performance, and histological analysis of these hearts revealed a significant increase in cardiomyocyte size, confirming the severe remodeling induced by Srsf3 deletion. RNA-seq analysis of the hearts of 5-day-old Srsf3 cKO mice revealed early changes in expression levels and alternative splicing of several transcripts related to mitochondrial integrity and oxidative phosphorylation. Likewise, the levels of several protein complexes of the electron transport chain decreased, and mitochondrial complex I-driven respiration of permeabilized cardiac muscle fibers from the left ventricle was impaired. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy analysis showed disordered mitochondrial length and cristae structure. Together with its indispensable role in the physiological maintenance of mouse hearts, these results highlight the previously unrecognized function of Srsf3 in regulating the mitochondrial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey-Ann Dumont
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Lauralyne Dumont
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Delong Zhou
- Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Giguère
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Chantal Pileggi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Michelle S Scott
- Département de Biochimie et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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21
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Cao J, Routh AL, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN. Nanopore sequencing reveals full-length Tropomyosin 1 isoforms and their regulation by RNA-binding proteins during rat heart development. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8352-8362. [PMID: 34302435 PMCID: PMC8419188 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) contributes to the diversity of the proteome by producing multiple isoforms from a single gene. Although short‐read RNA‐sequencing methods have been the gold standard for determining AS patterns of genes, they have a difficulty in defining full‐length mRNA isoforms assembled using different exon combinations. Tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) is an actin‐binding protein required for cytoskeletal functions in non‐muscle cells and for contraction in muscle cells. Tpm1 undergoes AS regulation to generate muscle versus non‐muscle TPM1 protein isoforms with distinct physiological functions. It is unclear which full‐length Tpm1 isoforms are produced via AS and how they are regulated during heart development. To address these, we utilized nanopore long‐read cDNA sequencing without gene‐specific PCR amplification. In rat hearts, we identified full‐length Tpm1 isoforms composed of distinct exons with specific exon linkages. We showed that Tpm1 undergoes AS transitions during embryonic heart development such that muscle‐specific exons are connected generating predominantly muscle‐specific Tpm1 isoforms in adult hearts. We found that the RNA‐binding protein RBFOX2 controls AS of rat Tpm1 exon 6a, which is important for cooperative actin binding. Furthermore, RBFOX2 regulates Tpm1 AS of exon 6a antagonistically to the RNA‐binding protein PTBP1. In sum, we defined full‐length Tpm1 isoforms with different exon combinations that are tightly regulated during cardiac development and provided insights into the regulation of Tpm1 AS by RNA‐binding proteins. Our results demonstrate that nanopore sequencing is an excellent tool to determine full‐length AS variants of muscle‐enriched genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew L Routh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Sealy Centre for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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22
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Boeckel JN, Möbius-Winkler M, Müller M, Rebs S, Eger N, Schoppe L, Tappu R, Kokot KE, Kneuer JM, Gaul S, Bordalo DM, Lai A, Haas J, Ghanbari M, Drewe-Boss P, Liss M, Katus HA, Ohler U, Gotthardt M, Laufs U, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Meder B. SLM2 Is A Novel Cardiac Splicing Factor Involved in Heart Failure due to Dilated Cardiomyopathy. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 20:129-146. [PMID: 34273561 PMCID: PMC9510876 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alternative mRNA splicing is a fundamental process to increase the versatility of the genome. In humans, cardiac mRNA splicing is involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Mutations in the splicing factor RNA binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) cause severe forms of cardiomyopathy. To identify novel cardiomyopathy-associated splicing factors, RNA-seq and tissue-enrichment analyses were performed, which identified up-regulated expression of Sam68-Like mammalian protein 2 (SLM2) in the left ventricle of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients. In the human heart, SLM2 binds to important transcripts of sarcomere constituents, such as those encoding myosin light chain 2 (MYL2), troponin I3 (TNNI3), troponin T2 (TNNT2), tropomyosin 1/2 (TPM1/2), and titin (TTN). Mechanistically, SLM2 mediates intron retention, prevents exon exclusion, and thereby mediates alternative splicing of the mRNA regions encoding the variable proline-, glutamate-, valine-, and lysine-rich (PEVK) domain and another part of the I-band region of titin. In summary, SLM2 is a novel cardiac splicing regulator with essential functions for maintaining cardiomyocyte integrity by binding to and processing the mRNAs of essential cardiac constituents such as titin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jes-Niels Boeckel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätskrankenhaus Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | | | - Marion Müller
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/ Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen 32545, Germany
| | - Sabine Rebs
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Nicole Eger
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Laura Schoppe
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Rewati Tappu
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Karoline E Kokot
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätskrankenhaus Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jasmin M Kneuer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätskrankenhaus Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Susanne Gaul
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätskrankenhaus Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Diana M Bordalo
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alan Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jan Haas
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Mahsa Ghanbari
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 10115, Germany; Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
| | - Philipp Drewe-Boss
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 10115, Germany; Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
| | - Martin Liss
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13092, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Uwe Ohler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 10115, Germany; Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13092, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätskrankenhaus Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Stanford Genome Technology Center, Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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23
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Rose SA, Wroblewska A, Dhainaut M, Yoshida H, Shaffer JM, Bektesevic A, Ben-Zvi B, Rhoads A, Kim EY, Yu B, Lavin Y, Merad M, Buenrostro JD, Brown BD. A microRNA expression and regulatory element activity atlas of the mouse immune system. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:914-927. [PMID: 34099919 PMCID: PMC8480231 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To better define the control of immune system regulation, we generated an atlas of microRNA (miRNA) expression from 63 mouse immune cell populations and connected these signatures with assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) and nascent RNA profiles to establish a map of miRNA promoter and enhancer usage in immune cells. miRNA complexity was relatively low, with >90% of the miRNA compartment of each population comprising <75 miRNAs; however, each cell type had a unique miRNA signature. Integration of miRNA expression with chromatin accessibility revealed putative regulatory elements for differentially expressed miRNAs, including miR-21a, miR-146a and miR-223. The integrated maps suggest that many miRNAs utilize multiple promoters to reach high abundance and identified dominant and divergent miRNA regulatory elements between lineages and during development that may be used by clustered miRNAs, such as miR-99a/let-7c/miR-125b, to achieve distinct expression. These studies, with web-accessible data, help delineate the cis-regulatory elements controlling miRNA signatures of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Rose
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aleksandra Wroblewska
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maxime Dhainaut
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hideyuki Yoshida
- YCI Laboratory for Immunological Transcriptomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Anela Bektesevic
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Ben-Zvi
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Rhoads
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edy Y Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bingfei Yu
- Division of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yonit Lavin
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian D Brown
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Duran J, Nickel L, Estrada M, Backs J, van den Hoogenhof MMG. CaMKIIδ Splice Variants in the Healthy and Diseased Heart. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:644630. [PMID: 33777949 PMCID: PMC7991079 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.644630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing has been recognized in recent years as a pivotal player in heart development and disease. The Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II delta (CaMKIIδ) is a multifunctional Ser/Thr kinase family and generates at least 11 different splice variants through alternative splicing. This enzyme, which belongs to the CaMKII family, is the predominant family member in the heart and functions as a messenger toward adaptive or detrimental signaling in cardiomyocytes. Classically, the nuclear CaMKIIδB and cytoplasmic CaMKIIδC splice variants are described as mediators of arrhythmias, contractile function, Ca2+ handling, and gene transcription. Recent findings also put CaMKIIδA and CaMKIIδ9 as cardinal players in the global CaMKII response in the heart. In this review, we discuss and summarize the new insights into CaMKIIδ splice variants and their (proposed) functions, as well as CaMKII-engineered mouse phenotypes and cardiac dysfunction related to CaMKIIδ missplicing. We also discuss RNA splicing factors affecting CaMKII splicing. Finally, we discuss the translational perspective derived from these insights and future directions on CaMKIIδ splicing research in the healthy and diseased heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Duran
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lennart Nickel
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johannes Backs
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maarten M G van den Hoogenhof
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Kim RW. Is There Any Clinical Utility to Genetic Testing for Patients With Congenital Heart Disease? Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2021; 24:26-29. [PMID: 34116779 DOI: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diagnosis is becoming increasingly sophisticated, with the ability to identify even fine differences in patients with a wide variety of congenital heart lesions. Although we have an incomplete understanding of the clinical consequences of most genetic findings, some categories of mutations can have important implications for disease recurrence and prognosis. Consideration of the biology underlying a genetic deficiency, when known, can be useful in the clinical management of some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Kim
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery, Guerin Congenital Heart Program, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars- Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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26
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Farboud B, Novak CS, Nicoll M, Quiogue A, Meyer BJ. Dose-dependent action of the RNA binding protein FOX-1 to relay X-chromosome number and determine C. elegans sex. eLife 2020; 9:62963. [PMID: 33372658 PMCID: PMC7787662 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate how RNA binding protein FOX-1 functions as a dose-dependent X-signal element to communicate X-chromosome number and thereby determine nematode sex. FOX-1, an RNA recognition motif protein, triggers hermaphrodite development in XX embryos by causing non-productive alternative pre-mRNA splicing of xol-1, the master sex-determination switch gene that triggers male development in XO embryos. RNA binding experiments together with genome editing demonstrate that FOX-1 binds to multiple GCAUG and GCACG motifs in a xol-1 intron, causing intron retention or partial exon deletion, thereby eliminating male-determining XOL-1 protein. Transforming all motifs to GCAUG or GCACG permits accurate alternative splicing, demonstrating efficacy of both motifs. Mutating subsets of both motifs partially alleviates non-productive splicing. Mutating all motifs blocks it, as does transforming them to low-affinity GCUUG motifs. Combining multiple high-affinity binding sites with the twofold change in FOX-1 concentration between XX and XO embryos achieves dose-sensitivity in splicing regulation to determine sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnom Farboud
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Catherine S Novak
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Monique Nicoll
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Alyssa Quiogue
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Barbara J Meyer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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27
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Moss ND, Sussel L. mRNA Processing: An Emerging Frontier in the Regulation of Pancreatic β Cell Function. Front Genet 2020; 11:983. [PMID: 33088281 PMCID: PMC7490333 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust endocrine cell function, particularly β cell function, is required to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. Diabetes can result from the loss or dysfunction of β cells. Despite decades of clinical and basic research, the precise regulation of β cell function and pathogenesis in diabetes remains incompletely understood. In this review, we highlight RNA processing of mRNAs as a rapidly emerging mechanism regulating β cell function and survival. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and RNA modifications are primed to be the next frontier to explain many of the poorly understood molecular processes that regulate β cell formation and function, and provide an exciting potential for the development of novel therapeutics. Here we outline the current understanding of β cell specific functions of several characterized RBPs, alternative splicing events, and transcriptome wide changes in RNA methylation. We also highlight several RBPs that are dysregulated in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, and discuss remaining knowledge gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Moss
- Cell, Stem Cells, and Development Graduate Program, Department of Pediatrics, Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lori Sussel
- Cell, Stem Cells, and Development Graduate Program, Department of Pediatrics, Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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28
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Gao C, Wang Y. mRNA Metabolism in Cardiac Development and Disease: Life After Transcription. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:673-694. [PMID: 31751167 PMCID: PMC7327233 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The central dogma of molecular biology illustrates the importance of mRNAs as critical mediators between genetic information encoded at the DNA level and proteomes/metabolomes that determine the diverse functional outcome at the cellular and organ levels. Although the total number of protein-producing (coding) genes in the mammalian genome is ~20,000, it is evident that the intricate processes of cardiac development and the highly regulated physiological regulation in the normal heart, as well as the complex manifestation of pathological remodeling in a diseased heart, would require a much higher degree of complexity at the transcriptome level and beyond. Indeed, in addition to an extensive regulatory scheme implemented at the level of transcription, the complexity of transcript processing following transcription is dramatically increased. RNA processing includes post-transcriptional modification, alternative splicing, editing and transportation, ribosomal loading, and degradation. While transcriptional control of cardiac genes has been a major focus of investigation in recent decades, a great deal of progress has recently been made in our understanding of how post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA contributes to transcriptome complexity. In this review, we highlight some of the key molecular processes and major players in RNA maturation and post-transcriptional regulation. In addition, we provide an update to the recent progress made in the discovery of RNA processing regulators implicated in cardiac development and disease. While post-transcriptional modulation is a complex and challenging problem to study, recent technological advancements are paving the way for a new era of exciting discoveries and potential clinical translation in the context of cardiac biology and heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yibin Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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29
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Misra C, Bangru S, Lin F, Lam K, Koenig SN, Lubbers ER, Hedhli J, Murphy NP, Parker DJ, Dobrucki LW, Cooper TA, Tajkhorshid E, Mohler PJ, Kalsotra A. Aberrant Expression of a Non-muscle RBFOX2 Isoform Triggers Cardiac Conduction Defects in Myotonic Dystrophy. Dev Cell 2020; 52:748-763.e6. [PMID: 32109384 PMCID: PMC7098852 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic genetic disorder caused by the CTG repeat expansion in the 3'-untranslated region of DMPK gene. Heart dysfunctions occur in ∼80% of DM1 patients and are the second leading cause of DM1-related deaths. Herein, we report that upregulation of a non-muscle splice isoform of RNA-binding protein RBFOX2 in DM1 heart tissue-due to altered splicing factor and microRNA activities-induces cardiac conduction defects in DM1 individuals. Mice engineered to express the non-muscle RBFOX240 isoform in heart via tetracycline-inducible transgenesis, or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, reproduced DM1-related cardiac conduction delay and spontaneous episodes of arrhythmia. Further, by integrating RNA binding with cardiac transcriptome datasets from DM1 patients and mice expressing the non-muscle RBFOX2 isoform, we identified RBFOX240-driven splicing defects in voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels, which alter their electrophysiological properties. Thus, our results uncover a trans-dominant role for an aberrantly expressed RBFOX240 isoform in DM1 cardiac pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Misra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sushant Bangru
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Feikai Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kin Lam
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Centers for Macromolecular Modeling, Bioinformatics and Experimental Molecular Imaging at Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sara N Koenig
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ellen R Lubbers
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jamila Hedhli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Centers for Macromolecular Modeling, Bioinformatics and Experimental Molecular Imaging at Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Murphy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Darren J Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lawrence W Dobrucki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Centers for Macromolecular Modeling, Bioinformatics and Experimental Molecular Imaging at Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Thomas A Cooper
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Centers for Macromolecular Modeling, Bioinformatics and Experimental Molecular Imaging at Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Auinash Kalsotra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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30
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Wan X, Belanger K, Widen SG, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN, Garg NJ. Genes of the cGMP-PKG-Ca 2+ signaling pathway are alternatively spliced in cardiomyopathy: Role of RBFOX2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165620. [PMID: 31778749 PMCID: PMC6954967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrations in the cGMP-PKG-Ca2+ pathway are implicated in cardiovascular complications of diverse etiologies, though involved molecular mechanisms are not understood. We performed RNA-Seq analysis to profile global changes in gene expression and exon splicing in Chagas disease (ChD) murine myocardium. Ingenuity-Pathway-Analysis of transcriptome dataset identified 26 differentially expressed genes associated with increased mobilization and cellular levels of Ca2+ in ChD hearts. Mixture-of-isoforms and Enrichr KEGG pathway analyses of the RNA-Seq datasets from ChD (this study) and diabetic (previous study) murine hearts identified alternative splicing (AS) in eleven genes (Arhgef10, Atp2b1, Atp2a3, Cacna1c, Itpr1, Mef2a, Mef2d, Pde2a, Plcb1, Plcb4, and Ppp1r12a) of the cGMP-PKG-Ca2+ pathway in diseased hearts. AS of these genes was validated by an exon exclusion-inclusion assay. Further, Arhgef10, Atp2b1, Mef2a, Mef2d, Plcb1, and Ppp1r12a genes consisted RBFOX2 (RNA-binding protein) binding-site clusters, determined by analyzing the RBFOX2 CLIP-Seq dataset. H9c2 rat heart cells transfected with Rbfox2 (vs. scrambled) siRNA confirmed that expression of Rbfox2 is essential for proper exon splicing of genes of the cGMP-PKG-Ca2+ pathway. We conclude that changes in gene expression may influence the Ca2+ mobilization pathway in ChD, and AS impacts the genes involved in cGMP/PKG/Ca2+ signaling pathway in ChD and diabetes. Our findings suggest that ChD patients with diabetes may be at increased risk of cardiomyopathy and heart failure and provide novel ways to restore cGMP-PKG regulated signaling networks via correcting splicing patterns of key factors using oligonucleotide-based therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiu Wan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555-1070, TX, United States of America
| | - KarryAnne Belanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, United States of America
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, United States of America
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, United States of America.
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555-1070, TX, United States of America; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, United States of America.
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31
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Hao Q, Zhang F, Wang Y, Li Y, Qi X. Cardiac Contractility Modulation Attenuates Chronic Heart Failure in a Rabbit Model via the PI3K/AKT Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1625362. [PMID: 31998779 PMCID: PMC6973194 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1625362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Akt plays an important role in regulating cardiac growth, myocardial angiogenesis, and cell death in cardiac myocytes. However, there are few studies to focus on the responses of the Akt pathway to cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) in a chronic heart failure (HF) model. In this study, the effects of CCM on the treatment of HF in a rabbit model were investigated. Thirty six-month-old rabbits were randomly separated into control, HF, and CCM groups. The rabbits in HF and CCM groups were pressure uploaded, which can cause an aortic constriction. Then, CCM was gradually injected to the myocardium of rabbits in the CCM group, and this process lasted for four weeks with six hours per day. Rabbit body weight, heart weight, and heart beating rates were recorded during the experiment. To assess the CCM impacts, rabbit myocardial histology was examined as well. Additionally, western blot analysis was employed to measure the protein levels of Akt, FOXO3, Beclin, Pi3k, mTOR, GSK-3β, and TORC2 in the myocardial histology of rabbits. Results showed that the body and heart weight of rabbits decreased significantly after suffering HF when compared with those in the control group. However, they gradually recovered after CCM application. The CCM significantly decreased collagen volume fraction in myocardial histology of HF rabbits, indicating that CCM therapy attenuated myocardial fibrosis and collagen deposition. The levels of Akt, FOXO3, Beclin, mTOR, GSK-3β, and TORC2 were significantly downregulated, but Pi3k concentration was greatly upregulated after CCM utilization. Based on these findings, it was concluded that CCM could elicit positive effects on HF therapy, which was potentially due to the variation in the Pi3k/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Hao
- School of Graduate, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Cardiology Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yudan Wang
- School of Graduate, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Cardiology Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyong Qi
- School of Graduate, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Cardiology Center, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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32
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Gaertner A, Brodehl A, Milting H. Screening for mutations in human cardiomyopathy- is RBM24 a new but rare disease gene? Protein Cell 2019; 10:393-394. [PMID: 30421357 PMCID: PMC6538575 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gaertner
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
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33
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Wang J, Li G, Yu D, Wong YP, Yong TF, Liang MC, Liao P, Foo R, Hoppe UC, Soong TW. Characterization of Ca V1.2 exon 33 heterozygous knockout mice and negative correlation between Rbfox1 and Ca V1.2 exon 33 expressions in human heart failure. Channels (Austin) 2019; 12:51-57. [PMID: 28949795 PMCID: PMC5774182 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2017.1381805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that homozygous deletion of alternative exon 33 of CaV1.2 calcium channel in the mouse resulted in ventricular arrhythmias arising from increased CaV1.2Δ33ICaL current density in the cardiomyocytes. We wondered whether heterozygous deletion of exon 33 might produce cardiac phenotype in a dose-dependent manner, and whether the expression levels of RNA splicing factors known to regulate alternative splicing of exon 33 might change in human heart failure. Unexpectedly, we found that exon 33+/− cardiomyocytes showed similar CaV1.2 channel properties as wild-type cardiomyocyte, even though CaV1.2Δ33 channels exhibit a gain-in-function. In human hearts, we found that the mRNA level of splicing factor Rbfox1, but not Rbfox2, was downregulated in dilated cardiomyopathy, and CACNA1C mRNA level was dramatically decreased in the both of dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy. These data imply Rbfox1 may be involved in the development of cardiomyopathies via regulating the alternative splicing of CaV1.2 exon 33. (149 words)
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Affiliation(s)
- Juejin Wang
- a Department of Physiology , National University of Singapore , Singapore.,b Department of Physiology , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Guang Li
- a Department of Physiology , National University of Singapore , Singapore.,c Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology , Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University , Luzhou , P.R. China
| | - Dejie Yu
- a Department of Physiology , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Yuk Peng Wong
- a Department of Physiology , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Tan Fong Yong
- a Department of Physiology , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Mui Cheng Liang
- a Department of Physiology , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Ping Liao
- d National Neuroscience Institute , Singapore
| | - Roger Foo
- e Genome Institute of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Uta C Hoppe
- f Department of Internal Medicine II , Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- a Department of Physiology , National University of Singapore , Singapore.,d National Neuroscience Institute , Singapore.,g Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore.,h Neurobiology/Ageing Programme, National University of Singapore , Singapore
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Cibi DM, Mia MM, Guna Shekeran S, Yun LS, Sandireddy R, Gupta P, Hota M, Sun L, Ghosh S, Singh MK. Neural crest-specific deletion of Rbfox2 in mice leads to craniofacial abnormalities including cleft palate. eLife 2019; 8:45418. [PMID: 31241461 PMCID: PMC6663295 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) creates proteomic diversity from a limited size genome by generating numerous transcripts from a single protein-coding gene. Tissue-specific regulators of AS are essential components of the gene regulatory network, required for normal cellular function, tissue patterning, and embryonic development. However, their cell-autonomous function in neural crest development has not been explored. Here, we demonstrate that splicing factor Rbfox2 is expressed in the neural crest cells (NCCs), and deletion of Rbfox2 in NCCs leads to cleft palate and defects in craniofacial bone development. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that Rbfox2 regulates splicing and expression of numerous genes essential for neural crest/craniofacial development. We demonstrate that Rbfox2-TGF-β-Tak1 signaling axis is deregulated by Rbfox2 deletion. Furthermore, restoration of TGF-β signaling by Tak1 overexpression can rescue the proliferation defect seen in Rbfox2 mutants. We also identified a positive feedback loop in which TGF-β signaling promotes expression of Rbfox2 in NCCs. Abnormalities affecting the head and face – such as a cleft lip or palate – are among the most common of all birth defects. These tissues normally develop from cells in the embryo known as the neural crest cells, and specifically a subset of these cells called the cranial neural crest cells. Most cases of cleft lip or palate are linked back to genes that affect the biology of this group of cells. The list of genes implicated in the impaired development of cranial neural crest cells code for proteins with a wide range of different activities. Some encode transcription factors – proteins that switch genes on or off. Others code for chromatin remodeling factors, which control how the DNA is packed inside cells. However, the role of another group of proteins – the splicing factors – remains unclear and warrants further investigation. When a gene is switched on its genetic code is first copied into a short-lived molecule called a transcript. These transcripts are then edited to form templates to build proteins. Splicing is one way that a transcript can be edited, which involves different pieces of the transcript being cut out and the remaining pieces being pasted together to form alternative versions of the final template. Splicing factors control this process. Cibi et al. now show that neural crest cells from mice make a splicing factor called Rbfox2 and that deleting this gene for this protein from only these cells leads to mice with a cleft palate and defects in the bones of their head and face. Further analysis helped to identify the transcripts that are spliced by Rbfox2, and the effects that these splicing events have on gene activity in mouse tissues that develop from cranial neural crest cells. Cibi et al. went on to find a signaling pathway that was impaired in the mutant cells that lacked Rbfox2. Forcing the mutant cells to over-produce one of the proteins involved in this signaling pathway (a protein named Tak1) was enough to compensate for the some of the defects caused by a lack of Rbfox2, suggesting it acts downstream of the splicing regulator. Lastly, Cibi et al. showed that another protein in this signaling pathway, called TGF-β, acted to increase how much Rbfox2 was made by neural crest cells. Together these findings may be relevant in human disease studies, given that altered TGF-β signaling is a common feature in many birth defects seen in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasan Mary Cibi
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masum M Mia
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shamini Guna Shekeran
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lim Sze Yun
- National Heart Research Institute, National Heart Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reddemma Sandireddy
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Monalisa Hota
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Sun
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manvendra K Singh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute, National Heart Center, Singapore, Singapore
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Ortiz-Sánchez P, Villalba-Orero M, López-Olañeta MM, Larrasa-Alonso J, Sánchez-Cabo F, Martí-Gómez C, Camafeita E, Gómez-Salinero JM, Ramos-Hernández L, Nielsen PJ, Vázquez J, Müller-McNicoll M, García-Pavía P, Lara-Pezzi E. Loss of SRSF3 in Cardiomyocytes Leads to Decapping of Contraction-Related mRNAs and Severe Systolic Dysfunction. Circ Res 2019; 125:170-183. [PMID: 31145021 PMCID: PMC6615931 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE RBPs (RNA binding proteins) play critical roles in the cell by regulating mRNA transport, splicing, editing, and stability. The RBP SRSF3 (serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3) is essential for blastocyst formation and for proper liver development and function. However, its role in the heart has not been explored. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of SRSF3 in cardiac function. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac SRSF3 expression was high at mid gestation and decreased during late embryonic development. Mice lacking SRSF3 in the embryonic heart showed impaired cardiomyocyte proliferation and died in utero. In the adult heart, SRSF3 expression was reduced after myocardial infarction, suggesting a possible role in cardiac homeostasis. To determine the role of this RBP in the adult heart, we used an inducible, cardiomyocyte-specific SRSF3 knockout mouse model. After SRSF3 depletion in cardiomyocytes, mice developed severe systolic dysfunction that resulted in death within 8 days. RNA-Seq analysis revealed downregulation of mRNAs encoding sarcomeric and calcium handling proteins. Cardiomyocyte-specific SRSF3 knockout mice also showed evidence of alternative splicing of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) mRNA, generating a shorter protein isoform lacking catalytic activity. This was associated with decreased phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 (eIF4E-binding protein 1), a protein that binds to eIF4E (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E) and prevents mRNA decapping. Consequently, we found increased decapping of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in cardiac contraction. Decapping was partially reversed by mTOR activation. CONCLUSIONS We show that cardiomyocyte-specific loss of SRSF3 expression results in decapping of critical mRNAs involved in cardiac contraction. The molecular mechanism underlying this effect likely involves the generation of a short mTOR isoform by alternative splicing, resulting in reduced 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. The identification of mRNA decapping as a mechanism of systolic heart failure may open the way to the development of urgently needed therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ortiz-Sánchez
- From the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.O.-S., M.V.-O., M.M.L.-O., J.L.-A., F.S.-C., C.M.-G., E.C., J.M.G.-S., L.R.-H., J.V., E.L.-P.).,Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain (P.O.-S., P.G.-P.)
| | - María Villalba-Orero
- From the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.O.-S., M.V.-O., M.M.L.-O., J.L.-A., F.S.-C., C.M.-G., E.C., J.M.G.-S., L.R.-H., J.V., E.L.-P.)
| | - Marina M López-Olañeta
- From the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.O.-S., M.V.-O., M.M.L.-O., J.L.-A., F.S.-C., C.M.-G., E.C., J.M.G.-S., L.R.-H., J.V., E.L.-P.)
| | - Javier Larrasa-Alonso
- From the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.O.-S., M.V.-O., M.M.L.-O., J.L.-A., F.S.-C., C.M.-G., E.C., J.M.G.-S., L.R.-H., J.V., E.L.-P.)
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- From the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.O.-S., M.V.-O., M.M.L.-O., J.L.-A., F.S.-C., C.M.-G., E.C., J.M.G.-S., L.R.-H., J.V., E.L.-P.)
| | - Carlos Martí-Gómez
- From the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.O.-S., M.V.-O., M.M.L.-O., J.L.-A., F.S.-C., C.M.-G., E.C., J.M.G.-S., L.R.-H., J.V., E.L.-P.)
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- From the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.O.-S., M.V.-O., M.M.L.-O., J.L.-A., F.S.-C., C.M.-G., E.C., J.M.G.-S., L.R.-H., J.V., E.L.-P.)
| | - Jesús M Gómez-Salinero
- From the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.O.-S., M.V.-O., M.M.L.-O., J.L.-A., F.S.-C., C.M.-G., E.C., J.M.G.-S., L.R.-H., J.V., E.L.-P.)
| | - Laura Ramos-Hernández
- From the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.O.-S., M.V.-O., M.M.L.-O., J.L.-A., F.S.-C., C.M.-G., E.C., J.M.G.-S., L.R.-H., J.V., E.L.-P.)
| | - Peter J Nielsen
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany (P.J.N.)
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- From the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.O.-S., M.V.-O., M.M.L.-O., J.L.-A., F.S.-C., C.M.-G., E.C., J.M.G.-S., L.R.-H., J.V., E.L.-P.).,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (J.V., P.G.-P., E.L.-P)
| | - Michaela Müller-McNicoll
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Frankfurt/Main, Germany (M.M.-M.)
| | - Pablo García-Pavía
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain (P.O.-S., P.G.-P.).,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (J.V., P.G.-P., E.L.-P).,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-P.)
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- From the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (P.O.-S., M.V.-O., M.M.L.-O., J.L.-A., F.S.-C., C.M.-G., E.C., J.M.G.-S., L.R.-H., J.V., E.L.-P.).,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (J.V., P.G.-P., E.L.-P).,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (E.L.-P.)
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Gollmer J, Zirlik A, Bugger H. Established and Emerging Mechanisms of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Lipid Atheroscler 2019; 8:26-47. [PMID: 32821697 PMCID: PMC7379081 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2019.8.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk for the development of heart failure even in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension, a cardiac entity termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). Clinically, DC is increasingly recognized and typically characterized by concentric cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, ultimately resulting in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and potentially even heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Numerous molecular mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the alterations in myocardial structure and function in DC, many of which show similar alterations in the failing heart. Well investigated and established mechanisms of DC include increased myocardial fibrosis, enhanced apoptosis, oxidative stress, impaired intracellular calcium handling, substrate metabolic alterations, and inflammation, among others. In addition, a number of novel mechanisms that receive increasing attention have been identified in recent years, including autophagy, dysregulation of microRNAs, epigenetic mechanisms, and alterations in mitochondrial protein acetylation, dynamics and quality control. This review aims to provide an overview and update of established underlying mechanisms of DC, as well as a discussion of recently identified and emerging mechanisms that may also contribute to the structural and functional alterations in DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gollmer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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37
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Denichenko P, Mogilevsky M, Cléry A, Welte T, Biran J, Shimshon O, Barnabas GD, Danan-Gotthold M, Kumar S, Yavin E, Levanon EY, Allain FH, Geiger T, Levkowitz G, Karni R. Specific inhibition of splicing factor activity by decoy RNA oligonucleotides. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1590. [PMID: 30962446 PMCID: PMC6453957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing, a fundamental step in gene expression, is deregulated in many diseases. Splicing factors (SFs), which regulate this process, are up- or down regulated or mutated in several diseases including cancer. To date, there are no inhibitors that directly inhibit the activity of SFs. We designed decoy oligonucleotides, composed of several repeats of a RNA motif, which is recognized by a single SF. Here we show that decoy oligonucleotides targeting splicing factors RBFOX1/2, SRSF1 and PTBP1, can specifically bind to their respective SFs and inhibit their splicing and biological activities both in vitro and in vivo. These decoy oligonucleotides present an approach to specifically downregulate SF activity in conditions where SFs are either up-regulated or hyperactive. Alternative splicing, critical for gene expression, is deregulated in many diseases. Here the authors develop decoy oligonucleotides to specifically downregulate splicing factors activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Denichenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Maxim Mogilevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Antoine Cléry
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 64, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Welte
- Dynamic Biosensors, GmbH, Lochhamer Strasse 15, 82152, Martinsried/Planegg, Germany
| | - Jakob Biran
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Odelia Shimshon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Georgina D Barnabas
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Miri Danan-Gotthold
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Saran Kumar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Eylon Yavin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel
| | - Erez Y Levanon
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Frédéric H Allain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 64, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Gil Levkowitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Rotem Karni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112001, Israel.
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38
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RBFox2-miR-34a-Jph2 axis contributes to cardiac decompensation during heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6172-6180. [PMID: 30867288 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1822176116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart performance relies on highly coordinated excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, and defects in this critical process may be exacerbated by additional genetic defects and/or environmental insults to cause eventual heart failure. Here we report a regulatory pathway consisting of the RNA binding protein RBFox2, a stress-induced microRNA miR-34a, and the essential EC coupler JPH2. In this pathway, initial cardiac defects diminish RBFox2 expression, which induces transcriptional repression of miR-34a, and elevated miR-34a targets Jph2 to impair EC coupling, which further manifests heart dysfunction, leading to progressive heart failure. The key contribution of miR-34a to this process is further established by administrating its mimic, which is sufficient to induce cardiac defects, and by using its antagomir to alleviate RBFox2 depletion-induced heart dysfunction. These findings elucidate a potential feed-forward mechanism to account for a critical transition to cardiac decompensation and suggest a potential therapeutic avenue against heart failure.
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39
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Nikonova E, Kao SY, Ravichandran K, Wittner A, Spletter ML. Conserved functions of RNA-binding proteins in muscle. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 110:29-49. [PMID: 30818081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animals require different types of muscle for survival, for example for circulation, motility, reproduction and digestion. Much emphasis in the muscle field has been placed on understanding how transcriptional regulation generates diverse types of muscle during development. Recent work indicates that alternative splicing and RNA regulation are as critical to muscle development, and altered function of RNA-binding proteins causes muscle disease. Although hundreds of genes predicted to bind RNA are expressed in muscles, many fewer have been functionally characterized. We present a cross-species view summarizing what is known about RNA-binding protein function in muscle, from worms and flies to zebrafish, mice and humans. In particular, we focus on alternative splicing regulated by the CELF, MBNL and RBFOX families of proteins. We discuss the systemic nature of diseases associated with loss of RNA-binding proteins in muscle, focusing on mis-regulation of CELF and MBNL in myotonic dystrophy. These examples illustrate the conservation of RNA-binding protein function and the marked utility of genetic model systems in understanding mechanisms of RNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikonova
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Shao-Yen Kao
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Keshika Ravichandran
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Anja Wittner
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Maria L Spletter
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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40
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Ma F, Dong Z, Berberoglu MA. Expression of RNA-binding protein Rbfox1l demarcates a restricted population of dorsal telencephalic neurons within the adult zebrafish brain. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 31:32-41. [PMID: 30634066 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Rbfox RNA-binding proteins are expressed in the adult mammalian brain and are required for proper brain development and function. Studies in mice and humans have implicated Rbfox1/RBFOX1 in autism, neuronal excitation and epilepsy, and Rbfox2/RBFOX2 in cerebellar development. The zebrafish has emerged as a prominent model system for brain study, possessing neuroanatomical conservation with mammals and an extensive capacity for adult neurogenesis and plasticity. In this study, we characterize Rbfox1l and Rbfox2 expression in the adult zebrafish brain. While Rbfox2 is expressed broadly, Rbfox1l is expressed in restricted populations of neurons in the dorsal telencephalon and cerebellum. In the dorsal telencephalon, Rbfox1l is expressed in a specific population of neurons spanning Dm and Dc regions. In the cerebellum, Rbfox1l and Rbfox2 are expressed in the Purkinje cell layer, reminiscent of Rbfox1 and Rbfox2 expression in the mammalian cerebellum. Our findings motivate future studies of Rbfox function in the zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Ma
- Bio-Medical Center, College of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- Bio-Medical Center, College of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Michael A Berberoglu
- Bio-Medical Center, College of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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41
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PRMT1 Deficiency in Mouse Juvenile Heart Induces Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Reveals Cryptic Alternative Splicing Products. iScience 2018; 8:200-213. [PMID: 30321814 PMCID: PMC6197527 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) catalyzes the asymmetric dimethylation of arginine residues in proteins and methylation of various RNA-binding proteins and is associated with alternative splicing in vitro. Although PRMT1 has essential in vivo roles in embryonic development, CNS development, and skeletal muscle regeneration, the functional importance of PRMT1 in the heart remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that juvenile cardiomyocyte-specific PRMT1-deficient mice develop severe dilated cardiomyopathy and exhibit aberrant cardiac alternative splicing. Furthermore, we identified previously undefined cardiac alternative splicing isoforms of four genes (Asb2, Fbxo40, Nrap, and Eif4a2) in PRMT1-cKO mice and revealed that eIF4A2 protein isoforms translated from alternatively spliced mRNA were differentially ubiquitinated and degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. These findings highlight the essential roles of PRMT1 in cardiac homeostasis and alternative splicing regulation. PRMT1 deficiency in cardiomyocytes causes dilated cardiomyopathy in juvenile mice PRMT1-deficient heart shows abnormal alternative splicing patterns Previously undefined cardiac splicing events are revealed by transcriptome analysis eIF4A2 isoforms are differentially ubiquitinated and degraded
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42
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RNA binding protein 24 deletion disrupts global alternative splicing and causes dilated cardiomyopathy. Protein Cell 2018; 10:405-416. [PMID: 30267374 PMCID: PMC6538757 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing contributes to a broad spectrum of post-transcriptional gene regulation during normal development, as well as pathological manifestation of heart diseases. However, the functional role and regulation of splicing in heart failure remain poorly understood. RNA binding protein (RBP), a major component of the splicing machinery, is a critical factor in this process. RNA binding motif protein 24 (RBM24) is a tissue-specific RBP which is highly expressed in human and mouse heart. Previous studies demonstrated the functional role of RBM24 in the embryonic heart development. However, the role of RBM24 in postnatal heart development and heart disease has not been investigated. In this paper, using conditional RBM24 knockout mice, we demonstrated that ablation of RBM24 in postnatal heart led to rapidly progressive dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), heart failure, and postnatal lethality. Global splicing profiling revealed that RBM24 regulated a network of genes related to cardiac function and diseases. Knockout of RBM24 resulted in misregulation of these splicing transitions which contributed to the subsequent development of cardiomyopathy. Notably, our analysis identified RBM24 as a splice factor that determined the splicing switch of a subset of genes in the sacomeric Z-disc complex, including Titin, the major disease gene of DCM and heart failure. Together, this study identifies regulation of RNA splicing by RBM24 as a potent player in remodeling of heart during postnatal development, and provides novel mechanistic insights to the pathogenesis of DCM.
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Abstract
Alternative splicing is an important mechanism used by the cell to generate greater transcriptomic and proteomic diversity from the genome. In the heart, alternative splicing is increasingly being recognised as an important layer of post-transcriptional gene regulation. Driven by rapidly evolving technologies in next-generation sequencing, alternative splicing has emerged as a crucial process governing complex biological processes during cardiac development and disease. The recent identification of several cardiac splice factors, such as RNA-binding motif protein 20 and 24, not only provided important insight into the mechanisms underlying alternative splicing but also revealed how these splicing factors impact functional properties of the heart. Here, we review our current knowledge of alternative splicing in the heart, with a particular focus on the factors controlling cardiac alternative splicing and their role in cardiomyopathies and subsequent heart failure.
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44
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Zahr HC, Jaalouk DE. Exploring the Crosstalk Between LMNA and Splicing Machinery Gene Mutations in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Genet 2018; 9:231. [PMID: 30050558 PMCID: PMC6052891 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes for the nuclear lamina proteins lamins A and C, are responsible for a diverse group of diseases known as laminopathies. One type of laminopathy is Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM), a heart muscle disease characterized by dilation of the left ventricle and impaired systolic function, often leading to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. LMNA is the second most commonly mutated gene in DCM. In addition to LMNA, mutations in more than 60 genes have been associated with DCM. The DCM-associated genes encode a variety of proteins including transcription factors, cytoskeletal, Ca2+-regulating, ion-channel, desmosomal, sarcomeric, and nuclear-membrane proteins. Another important category among DCM-causing genes emerged upon the identification of DCM-causing mutations in RNA binding motif protein 20 (RBM20), an alternative splicing factor that is chiefly expressed in the heart. In addition to RBM20, several essential splicing factors were validated, by employing mouse knock out models, to be embryonically lethal due to aberrant cardiogenesis. Furthermore, heart-specific deletion of some of these splicing factors was found to result in aberrant splicing of their targets and DCM development. In addition to splicing alterations, advances in next generation sequencing highlighted the association between splice-site mutations in several genes and DCM. This review summarizes LMNA mutations and splicing alterations in DCM and discusses how the interaction between LMNA and splicing regulators could possibly explain DCM disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana E. Jaalouk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Sellier C, Cerro-Herreros E, Blatter M, Freyermuth F, Gaucherot A, Ruffenach F, Sarkar P, Puymirat J, Udd B, Day JW, Meola G, Bassez G, Fujimura H, Takahashi MP, Schoser B, Furling D, Artero R, Allain FHT, Llamusi B, Charlet-Berguerand N. rbFOX1/MBNL1 competition for CCUG RNA repeats binding contributes to myotonic dystrophy type 1/type 2 differences. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2009. [PMID: 29789616 PMCID: PMC5964235 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2 (DM1, DM2) are caused by expansions of CTG and CCTG repeats, respectively. RNAs containing expanded CUG or CCUG repeats interfere with the metabolism of other RNAs through titration of the Muscleblind-like (MBNL) RNA binding proteins. DM2 follows a more favorable clinical course than DM1, suggesting that specific modifiers may modulate DM severity. Here, we report that the rbFOX1 RNA binding protein binds to expanded CCUG RNA repeats, but not to expanded CUG RNA repeats. Interestingly, rbFOX1 competes with MBNL1 for binding to CCUG expanded repeats and overexpression of rbFOX1 partly releases MBNL1 from sequestration within CCUG RNA foci in DM2 muscle cells. Furthermore, expression of rbFOX1 corrects alternative splicing alterations and rescues muscle atrophy, climbing and flying defects caused by expression of expanded CCUG repeats in a Drosophila model of DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Sellier
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Estefanía Cerro-Herreros
- Translational Genomics Group, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine BIOTECMED, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Markus Blatter
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fernande Freyermuth
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Angeline Gaucherot
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Frank Ruffenach
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Partha Sarkar
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jack Puymirat
- Human Genetics Research Unit, Laval University, CHUQ, Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University Hospital, 33521, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki University, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Vasa Central Hospital, 65130, Vaasa, Finland
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, San Francisco, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20097, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097, Milan, Italy
| | - Guillaume Bassez
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Association Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Harutoshi Fujimura
- Department of Neurology, Toneyama National Hospital, Toyonaka, 560-0045, Japan
| | - Masanori P Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Denis Furling
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Association Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Ruben Artero
- Translational Genomics Group, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine BIOTECMED, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Frédéric H T Allain
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Llamusi
- Translational Genomics Group, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine BIOTECMED, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Nicolas Charlet-Berguerand
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France.
- UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 67404, Illkirch, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404, Illkirch, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France.
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Oda M, Wakabayashi S, Ari Wijetunga N, Yuasa S, Enomoto H, Kaneda R, Yoon SH, Mittal N, Jing Q, Suzuki M, Greally JM, Fukuda K, Makino S. Selective modulation of local linkages between active transcription and oxidative demethylation activity shapes cardiomyocyte-specific gene-body epigenetic status in mice. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:349. [PMID: 29747586 PMCID: PMC5946493 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-type-specific genes exhibit heterogeneity in genomic contexts and may be subject to different epigenetic regulations through different gene transcriptional processes depending on the cell type involved. The gene-body regions (GBRs) of some cardiomyocyte (CM)-specific genes are long and highly hypomethylated in CMs. To explore the cell-type specificities of epigenetic patterns and functions, multiple epigenetic modifications of GBRs were compared among CMs, liver cells and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Results We found that most genes show a moderately negative correlation between transcript levels and gene lengths. As CM-specific genes are generally longer than other cell-type-specific genes, we hypothesized that the gene-body epigenetic features of CMs may support the transcriptional regulation of CM-specific genes. We found gene-body DNA hypomethylation in a CM-specific gene subset co-localized with rare gene-body marks, including RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and p300. Interestingly, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) within the gene body marked cell-type-specific genes at neonatal stages and active gene-body histone mark H3K36 trimethylation declined and overlapped with cell-type-specific gene-body DNA hypomethylation and selective Pol II/p300 accumulation in adulthood. Different combinations of gene-body epigenetic modifications were also observed with genome-wide scale cell-type specificity, revealing the occurrence of dynamic epigenetic rearrangements in GBRs across different cell types. Conclusions As 5hmC enrichment proceeded to hypomethylated GBRs, we considered that hypomethylation may not represent a static state but rather an equilibrium state of turnover due to the balance between local methylation linked to transcription and Tet oxidative modification causing demethylation. Accordingly, we conclude that demethylation in CMs can be a used to establish such cell-type-specific epigenetic domains in relation to liver cells. The establishment of cell-type-specific epigenetic control may also change genomic contexts of evolution and may contribute to the development of cell-type-specific transcriptional coordination. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4752-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Oda
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Present Address: Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Shunichi Wakabayashi
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - N Ari Wijetunga
- Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Shinsuke Yuasa
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Enomoto
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ruri Kaneda
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sung Han Yoon
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nishant Mittal
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Qiang Jing
- Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - John M Greally
- Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinji Makino
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Health Center, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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47
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Mishra R, Upadhyay A, Prajapati VK, Mishra A. Proteasome-mediated proteostasis: Novel medicinal and pharmacological strategies for diseases. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1916-1973. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ribhav Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan India
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry; School of Life Sciences; Central University of Rajasthan; Rajasthan India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan India
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Nutter CA, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN. Emerging roles of RNA-binding proteins in diabetes and their therapeutic potential in diabetic complications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2017; 9. [PMID: 29280295 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a debilitating health care problem affecting 422 million people around the world. Diabetic patients suffer from multisystemic complications that can cause mortality and morbidity. Recent advancements in high-throughput next-generation RNA-sequencing and computational algorithms led to the discovery of aberrant posttranscriptional gene regulatory programs in diabetes. However, very little is known about how these regulatory programs are mis-regulated in diabetes. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are important regulators of posttranscriptional RNA networks, which are also dysregulated in diabetes. Human genetic studies provide new evidence that polymorphisms and mutations in RBPs are linked to diabetes. Therefore, we will discuss the emerging roles of RBPs in abnormal posttranscriptional gene expression in diabetes. Questions that will be addressed are: Which posttranscriptional mechanisms are disrupted in diabetes? Which RBPs are responsible for such changes under diabetic conditions? How are RBPs altered in diabetes? How does dysregulation of RBPs contribute to diabetes? Can we target RBPs using RNA-based methods to restore gene expression profiles in diabetic patients? Studying the evolving roles of RBPs in diabetes is critical not only for a comprehensive understanding of diabetes pathogenesis but also to design RNA-based therapeutic approaches for diabetic complications. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1459. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1459 This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing Translation > Translation Regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis A Nutter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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50
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Rivaud MR, Agullo-Pascual E, Lin X, Leo-Macias A, Zhang M, Rothenberg E, Bezzina CR, Delmar M, Remme CA. Sodium Channel Remodeling in Subcellular Microdomains of Murine Failing Cardiomyocytes. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e007622. [PMID: 29222390 PMCID: PMC5779058 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac sodium channel (NaV1.5) dysfunction contributes to arrhythmogenesis during pathophysiological conditions. Nav1.5 localizes to distinct subcellular microdomains within the cardiomyocyte, where it associates with region-specific proteins, yielding complexes whose function is location specific. We herein investigated sodium channel remodeling within distinct cardiomyocyte microdomains during heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were subjected to 6 weeks of transverse aortic constriction (TAC; n=32) to induce heart failure. Sham-operated on mice were used as controls (n=20). TAC led to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, QRS prolongation, increased heart mass, and upregulation of prohypertrophic genes. Whole-cell sodium current (INa) density was decreased by 30% in TAC versus sham-operated on cardiomyocytes. On macropatch analysis, INa in TAC cardiomyocytes was reduced by 50% at the lateral membrane (LM) and by 40% at the intercalated disc. Electron microscopy and scanning ion conductance microscopy revealed remodeling of the intercalated disc (replacement of [inter-]plicate regions by large foldings) and LM (less identifiable T tubules and reduced Z-groove ratios). Using scanning ion conductance microscopy, cell-attached recordings in LM subdomains revealed decreased INa and increased late openings specifically at the crest of TAC cardiomyocytes, but not in groove/T tubules. Failing cardiomyocytes displayed a denser, but more stable, microtubule network (demonstrated by increased α-tubulin and Glu-tubulin expression). Superresolution microscopy showed reduced average NaV1.5 cluster size at the LM of TAC cells, in line with reduced INa. CONCLUSIONS Heart failure induces structural remodeling of the intercalated disc, LM, and microtubule network in cardiomyocytes. These adaptations are accompanied by alterations in NaV1.5 clustering and INa within distinct subcellular microdomains of failing cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde R Rivaud
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Xianming Lin
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Mingliang Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU-School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Delmar
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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