1
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Chen H, Weinberg ZY, Kumar GA, Puthenveedu MA. Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 is a cargo-selective v-SNARE for a subset of GPCRs. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202207070. [PMID: 37022307 PMCID: PMC10082327 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202207070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicle fusion at the plasma membrane is critical for releasing hormones and neurotransmitters and for delivering the cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to the cell surface. The SNARE fusion machinery that releases neurotransmitters has been well characterized. In contrast, the fusion machinery that delivers GPCRs is still unknown. Here, using high-speed multichannel imaging to simultaneously visualize receptors and v-SNAREs in real time in individual fusion events, we identify VAMP2 as a selective v-SNARE for GPCR delivery. VAMP2 was preferentially enriched in vesicles that mediate the surface delivery of μ opioid receptor (MOR), but not other cargos, and was required selectively for MOR recycling. Interestingly, VAMP2 did not show preferential localization on MOR-containing endosomes, suggesting that v-SNAREs are copackaged with specific cargo into separate vesicles from the same endosomes. Together, our results identify VAMP2 as a cargo-selective v-SNARE and suggest that surface delivery of specific GPCRs is mediated by distinct fusion events driven by distinct SNARE complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of MichiganMedical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zara Y. Weinberg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of MichiganMedical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - G. Aditya Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of MichiganMedical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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2
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Cuitavi J, Torres-Pérez JV, Lorente JD, Campos-Jurado Y, Andrés-Herrera P, Polache A, Agustín-Pavón C, Hipólito L. Crosstalk between Mu-Opioid receptors and neuroinflammation: Consequences for drug addiction and pain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 145:105011. [PMID: 36565942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mu-Opioid Receptors (MORs) are well-known for participating in analgesia, sedation, drug addiction, and other physiological functions. Although MORs have been related to neuroinflammation their biological mechanism remains unclear. It is suggested that MORs work alongside Toll-Like Receptors to enhance the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines during pathological conditions. Some cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, have been postulated to regulate MORs levels by both avoiding MOR recycling and enhancing its production. In addition, Neurokinin-1 Receptor, also affected during neuroinflammation, could be regulating MOR trafficking. Therefore, inflammation in the central nervous system seems to be associated with altered/increased MORs expression, which might regulate harmful processes, such as drug addiction and pain. Here, we provide a critical evaluation on MORs' role during neuroinflammation and its implication for these conditions. Understanding MORs' functioning, their regulation and implications on drug addiction and pain may help elucidate their potential therapeutic use against these pathological conditions and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cuitavi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Jose Vicente Torres-Pérez
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Jesús David Lorente
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Yolanda Campos-Jurado
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Paula Andrés-Herrera
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ana Polache
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Carmen Agustín-Pavón
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Lucía Hipólito
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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3
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Palmer CB, Meyrath M, Canals M, Kostenis E, Chevigné A, Szpakowska M. Atypical opioid receptors: unconventional biology and therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108014. [PMID: 34624426 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous opioid peptides and prescription opioid drugs modulate pain, anxiety and stress by activating four opioid receptors, namely μ (mu, MOP), δ (delta, DOP), κ (kappa, KOP) and the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP). Interestingly, several other receptors are also activated by endogenous opioid peptides and influence opioid-driven signaling and biology. However, they do not meet the criteria to be recognized as classical opioid receptors, as they are phylogenetically distant from them and are insensitive to classical non-selective opioid receptor antagonists (e.g. naloxone). Nevertheless, accumulating reports suggest that these receptors may be interesting alternative targets, especially for the development of safer analgesics. Five of these opioid peptide-binding receptors belong to the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)-two are members of the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X family (MrgX1, MrgX2), two of the bradykinin receptor family (B1, B2), and one is an atypical chemokine receptor (ACKR3). Additionally, the ion channel N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are also activated by opioid peptides. In this review, we recapitulate the implication of these alternative receptors in opioid-related disorders and discuss their unconventional biology, with members displaying signaling to scavenging properties. We provide an overview of their established and emerging roles and pharmacology in the context of pain management, as well as their clinical relevance as alternative targets to overcome the hurdles of chronic opioid use. Given the involvement of these receptors in a wide variety of functions, including inflammation, chemotaxis, anaphylaxis or synaptic transmission and plasticity, we also discuss the challenges associated with the modulation of both their canonical and opioid-driven signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie B Palmer
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Max Meyrath
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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4
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Kunselman JM, Lott J, Puthenveedu MA. Mechanisms of selective G protein-coupled receptor localization and trafficking. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 71:158-165. [PMID: 33965654 PMCID: PMC8328924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to different membrane compartments has recently emerged as being a critical determinant of the signaling profiles of activation. GPCRs, which share many structural and functional similarities, also share many mechanisms that traffic them between compartments. This sharing raises the question of how the trafficking of individual GPCRs is selectively regulated. Here, we will discuss recent studies addressing the mechanisms that contribute to selectivity in endocytic and biosynthetic trafficking of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Kunselman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua Lott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Manojkumar A Puthenveedu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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5
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Lemos Duarte M, Trimbake NA, Gupta A, Tumanut C, Fan X, Woods C, Ram A, Gomes I, Bobeck EN, Schechtman D, Devi LA. High-throughput screening and validation of antibodies against synaptic proteins to explore opioid signaling dynamics. Commun Biol 2021; 4:238. [PMID: 33619305 PMCID: PMC7900253 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies represent powerful tools to examine signal transduction pathways. Here, we present a strategy integrating multiple state-of-the-art methods to produce, validate, and utilize antibodies. Focusing on understudied synaptic proteins, we generated 137 recombinant antibodies. We used yeast display antibody libraries from the B cells of immunized rabbits, followed by FACS sorting under stringent conditions to identify high affinity antibodies. The antibodies were validated by high-throughput functional screening, and genome editing. Next, we explored the temporal dynamics of signaling in single cells. A subset of antibodies targeting opioid receptors were used to examine the effect of treatment with opiates that have played central roles in the worsening of the 'opioid epidemic.' We show that morphine and fentanyl exhibit differential temporal dynamics of receptor phosphorylation. In summary, high-throughput approaches can lead to the identification of antibody-based tools required for an in-depth understanding of the temporal dynamics of opioid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lemos Duarte
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York City, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nikita A Trimbake
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York City, NY, 10029, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceutical, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Achla Gupta
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York City, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Xiaomin Fan
- AvantGen Inc., 6162 Nancy Ridge Dr #150, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Catherine Woods
- AvantGen Inc., 6162 Nancy Ridge Dr #150, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Akila Ram
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Ivone Gomes
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York City, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Erin N Bobeck
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Deborah Schechtman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, 748 Av Prof Lineu Prestes, room 1208 Cidade Universitaria, São Paulo, SP, 05508000, Brazil
| | - Lakshmi A Devi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York City, NY, 10029, USA.
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6
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Alshafie W, Francis V, Bednarz K, Pan YE, Stroh T, McPherson PS. Regulated resurfacing of a somatostatin receptor storage compartment fine-tunes pituitary secretion. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:132745. [PMID: 31825461 PMCID: PMC7039187 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201904054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In pituitary cells, internalized somatostatin receptor is held in a GLUT4-like storage compartment. The receptor rapidly resurfaces in response to selective signaling pathways in a process that fine-tunes pituitary hormone release. The surfacing of the glucose transporter GLUT4 driven by insulin receptor activation provides the prototypic example of a homeostasis response dependent on mobilization of an intracellular storage compartment. Here, we generalize this concept to a G protein–coupled receptor, somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2), in pituitary cells. Following internalization in corticotropes, SSTR2 moves to a juxtanuclear syntaxin-6–positive compartment, where it remains until the corticotropes are stimulated with corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), whereupon SSTR2 exits the compartment on syntaxin-6–positive vesicular/tubular carriers that depend on Rab10 for their fusion with the plasma membrane. As SSTR2 activation antagonizes CRF-mediated hormone release, this storage/resurfacing mechanism may allow for a physiological homeostatic feedback system. In fact, we find that SSTR2 moves from an intracellular compartment to the cell surface in pituitary gland somatotropes, concomitant with increasing levels of serum growth hormone (GH) during natural GH cycles. Our data thus provide a mechanism by which signaling-mediated plasma membrane resurfacing of SSTR2 can fine-tune pituitary hormone release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Alshafie
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Francis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Klaudia Bednarz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yingzhou Edward Pan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Stroh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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7
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Ma X, Chen R, Huang M, Wang W, Luo L, Kim DK, Jiang W, Xu T. DAMGO-induced μ opioid receptor internalization and recycling restore morphine sensitivity in tolerant rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 878:173118. [PMID: 32320702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of DAMGO-induced μ opioid receptor (MOR) internalization on morphine tolerance. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) aged 6-8 weeks were administered morphine via intrathecal (i.t.) injection (15 μg/10 μl twice daily for 6 days) to induce antinociceptive tolerance, which was evaluated using the tail-flick and paw-withdrawal tests. Response latency was calculated as the percentage of maximum possible effect (%MPE). A bolus of DAMGO was administered by i.t. injection on day 6, and the tail-flick and paw-withdrawal tests were carried out 24, 48, and 72 h later. Membrane and cytosolic MOR expression was assessed by western blotting. HEK293 cells were transfected with MOR-FLAG plasmid and after 6 days of morphine treatment (10 μM), the cells were treated with 1 μM DAMGO, and MOR localization was examined by immunofluorescence analysis 30 and 60 min later. Repeated morphine treatment induced tolerance after 5 days; however, i.t. DAMGO administration restored morphine sensitivity and enhanced acute morphine-induced antinociception after 24, 48, and 72 h. In HEK293 cells, DAMGO treatment stimulated MOR internalization after 30 min and MOR recycling to the membrane after 1 h. Membrane and cytoplasmic MOR expression in vivo was unchanged 24, 48, and 72 h after i.t. DAMGO injection. Morphine does not cause significant MOR internalization or downregulation, and can readily induce tolerance. DAMGO counters this effect by enhancing receptor endocytosis, thereby reversing morphine-induced antinociceptive tolerance and restoring its analgesic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wenying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Limin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Dong Kwan Kim
- Department of Physiology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Tongzhou People's Hospital, Nantong, 226300, China.
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8
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Lemos Duarte M, Devi LA. Post-translational Modifications of Opioid Receptors. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:417-432. [PMID: 32459993 PMCID: PMC7323054 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are key events in signal transduction since they affect protein function by regulating their abundance and/or activity. PTMs involve the covalent attachment of functional groups to specific amino acids. Since they tend to be generally reversible, PTMs serve as regulators of signal transduction pathways. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are major signaling proteins that undergo multiple types of PTMs. In this Review, we focus on the opioid receptors, members of GPCR family A, and highlight recent advances in the field that have underscored the importance of PTMs in the functional regulation of these receptors. Since opioid receptor activity plays a central role in the development of tolerance and addiction to morphine and other drugs of abuse, understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating receptor activity is of fundamental importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lemos Duarte
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lakshmi A Devi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Jullié D, Gondin AB, von Zastrow M, Canals M. Opioid Pharmacology under the Microscope. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:425-432. [PMID: 32198210 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.119321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The powerful analgesic effects of opioid drugs have captivated the interest of physicians and scientists for millennia, and the ability of opioid drugs to produce serious undesired effects has been recognized for a similar period of time (Kieffer and Evans, 2009). Many of these develop progressively with prolonged or repeated drug use and then persist, motivating particular interest in understanding how opioid drugs initiate adaptive or maladaptive modifications in neural function or regulation. Exciting advances have been made over the past several years in elucidating drug-induced changes at molecular, cellular, and physiologic scales of analysis. The present review will highlight some recent cellular studies that we believe bridge across scales and will focus on optical imaging approaches that put opioid drug action "under the microscope." SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Opioid receptors are major pharmacological targets, but their signaling at the cellular level results from a complex interplay between pharmacology, regulation, subcellular localization, and membrane trafficking. This minireview discusses recent advances in understanding the cellular biology of opioid receptors, emphasizing particular topics discussed at the 50th anniversary of the International Narcotics Research Conference. Our goal is to highlight distinct signaling and regulatory properties emerging from the cellular biology of opioid receptors and discuss potential relevance to therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Jullié
- Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California (D.J., M.v.Z.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.B.G.); Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (M.C.); and Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom (M.C.)
| | - Arisbel B Gondin
- Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California (D.J., M.v.Z.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.B.G.); Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (M.C.); and Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom (M.C.)
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California (D.J., M.v.Z.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.B.G.); Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (M.C.); and Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom (M.C.)
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California (D.J., M.v.Z.); Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.B.G.); Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (M.C.); and Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, United Kingdom (M.C.)
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10
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Ding X, Gao T, Gao P, Meng Y, Zheng Y, Dong L, Luo P, Zhang G, Shi X, Rong W. Activation of the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Elicits Store Calcium Release and Phosphorylation of the Mu-Opioid Receptors in the Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1351. [PMID: 31920512 PMCID: PMC6928052 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens exert extensive influences on the nervous system besides their well-known roles in regulation of reproduction and metabolism. Estrogens act via the nuclear receptor ERα and ERβ to regulate gene transcription (classical genomic effects). In addition, estrogens are also known to cause rapid non-genomic effects on neuronal functions including inducing fast changes in cytosolic calcium level and rapidly desensitizing the μ type opioid receptor (MOR). The receptors responsible for the rapid actions of estrogens remain uncertain, but recent evidence points to the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), which has been shown to be expressed widely in the nervous system. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that activation of GPER may mediate rapid calcium signaling, which may promote phosphorylation of MOR through the calcium-dependent protein kinases in neuronal cells. By qPCR and immunocytochemistry, we found that the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells endogenously express GPER and MOR. Activation of GPER by 17β-estradiol (E2) and G-1 (GPER selective agonist) evoked a rapid calcium rise in a concentration-dependent manner, which was due to store release rather than calcium entry. The GPER antagonist G15, the PLC inhibitor U73122 and the IP3 receptor inhibitor 2-APB each virtually abolished the calcium responses to E2 or G-1. Activation of GPER stimulated translocation of PKC isoforms (α and ε) to the plasma membrane, which led to MOR phosphorylation. Additionally, E2 and G-1 stimulated c-Fos expression in SH-SY5Y cells in a PLC/IP3-dependent manner. In conclusion, the present study has revealed a novel GPER-mediated estrogenic signaling in neuroblastoma cells in which activation of GPER is followed by rapid calcium mobilization, PKC activation and MOR phosphorylation. GPER-mediated rapid calcium signal may also be transmitted to the nucleus to impact on gene transcription. Such signaling cascade may play important roles in the regulation of opioid signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Po Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youqiang Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital Chongming Branch, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifang Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Wtorek K, Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk A, Piekielna-Ciesielska J, Ferrari F, Ruzza C, Kluczyk A, Piasecka-Zelga J, Calo’ G, Janecka A. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Hybrids Targeting Opioid and Neurokinin Receptors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244460. [PMID: 31817441 PMCID: PMC6943619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine, which acts through opioid receptors, is one of the most efficient analgesics for the alleviation of severe pain. However, its usefulness is limited by serious side effects, including analgesic tolerance, constipation, and dependence liability. The growing awareness that multifunctional ligands which simultaneously activate two or more targets may produce a more desirable drug profile than selectively targeted compounds has created an opportunity for a new approach to developing more effective medications. Here, in order to better understand the role of the neurokinin system in opioid-induced antinociception, we report the synthesis, structure–activity relationship, and pharmacological characterization of a series of hybrids combining opioid pharmacophores with either substance P (SP) fragments or neurokinin receptor (NK1) antagonist fragments. On the bases of the in vitro biological activities of the hybrids, two analogs, opioid agonist/NK1 antagonist Tyr-[d-Lys-Phe-Phe-Asp]-Asn-d-Trp-Phe-d-Trp-Leu-Nle-NH2 (2) and opioid agonist/NK1 agonist Tyr-[d-Lys-Phe-Phe-Asp]-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 (4), were selected for in vivo tests. In the writhing test, both hybrids showed significant an antinociceptive effect in mice, while neither of them triggered the development of tolerance, nor did they produce constipation. No statistically significant differences in in vivo activity profiles were observed between opioid/NK1 agonist and opioid/NK1 antagonist hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wtorek
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (K.W.); (A.A.-B.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Anna Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (K.W.); (A.A.-B.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Justyna Piekielna-Ciesielska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (K.W.); (A.A.-B.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.F.); (C.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Chiara Ruzza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.F.); (C.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Alicja Kluczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Piasecka-Zelga
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Laboratory for Medicine and Veterinary Products in the GMP Head of Research Laboratory for Medicine and Veterinary Products, 91-348 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Girolamo Calo’
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.F.); (C.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (K.W.); (A.A.-B.); (J.P.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Kunselman JM, Zajac AS, Weinberg ZY, Puthenveedu MA. Homologous Regulation of Mu Opioid Receptor Recycling by G βγ , Protein Kinase C, and Receptor Phosphorylation. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:702-710. [PMID: 31575621 PMCID: PMC6820217 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking and receptor signaling are two fundamental cellular processes that interact constantly. Although how trafficking regulates signaling is well studied, how signaling pathways regulate trafficking is less well understood. Here, we use the mu opioid receptor (MOR), the primary target for opioid analgesics, to define a signaling pathway that dynamically regulates postendocytic receptor recycling. By directly visualizing individual MOR recycling events, we show that agonist increases MOR recycling. Inhibition of G βγ, phospholipase C, or protein kinase C mimicked agonist removal, whereas activation of G βγ increased recycling even after agonist removal. Phosphorylation of serine 363 on the C-terminal tail of MOR was required and sufficient for agonist-mediated regulation of MOR recycling. Our results identify a feedback loop that regulates MOR recycling via G βγ , protein kinase C, and receptor phosphorylation. This could serve as a general model for how signaling regulates postendocytic trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) localization in the endosome is being increasingly recognized as an important and distinct component of GPCR signaling and physiology. This study identifies a G protein-dependent and protein kinase C-dependent signaling pathway that dynamically regulates the endosomal localization of the mu opioid receptor, the primary target of opioid analgesics and abused drugs. This pathway could provide a mechanism to manipulate spatial encoding of opioid signaling and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Kunselman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program (J.M.K., M.A.P.) and Department of Pharmacology (J.M.K., Z.Y.W., M.A.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.S.Z., M.A.P.)
| | - Amanda S Zajac
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program (J.M.K., M.A.P.) and Department of Pharmacology (J.M.K., Z.Y.W., M.A.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.S.Z., M.A.P.)
| | - Zara Y Weinberg
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program (J.M.K., M.A.P.) and Department of Pharmacology (J.M.K., Z.Y.W., M.A.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.S.Z., M.A.P.)
| | - Manojkumar A Puthenveedu
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program (J.M.K., M.A.P.) and Department of Pharmacology (J.M.K., Z.Y.W., M.A.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (A.S.Z., M.A.P.)
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13
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Ion Channels Involved in Substance P-Mediated Nociception and Antinociception. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071596. [PMID: 30935032 PMCID: PMC6479580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP), an 11-amino-acid neuropeptide, has long been considered an effector of pain. However, accumulating studies have proposed a paradoxical role of SP in anti-nociception. Here, we review studies of SP-mediated nociception and anti-nociception in terms of peptide features, SP-modulated ion channels, and differential effector systems underlying neurokinin 1 receptors (NK1Rs) in differential cell types to elucidate the effect of SP and further our understanding of SP in anti-nociception. Most importantly, understanding the anti-nociceptive SP-NK1R pathway would provide new insights for analgesic drug development.
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14
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Shiwarski DJ, Crilly SE, Dates A, Puthenveedu MA. Dual RXR motifs regulate nerve growth factor-mediated intracellular retention of the delta opioid receptor. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:680-690. [PMID: 30601694 PMCID: PMC6589700 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-05-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The delta opioid receptor (DOR), a physiologically relevant prototype for G protein-coupled receptors, is retained in intracellular compartments in neuronal cells. This retention is mediated by a nerve growth factor (NGF)-regulated checkpoint that delays the export of DOR from the trans-Golgi network. How DOR is selectively retained in the Golgi, in the midst of dynamic membrane transport and cargo export, is a fundamental unanswered question. Here we address this by investigating sequence elements on DOR that regulate DOR surface delivery, focusing on the C-terminal tail of DOR that is sufficient for NGF-mediated regulation. By systematic mutational analysis, we define conserved dual bi-arginine (RXR) motifs that are required for NGF- and phosphoinositide-regulated DOR export from intracellular compartments in neuroendocrine cells. These motifs were required to bind the coatomer protein I (COPI) complex, a vesicle coat complex that mediates primarily retrograde cargo traffic in the Golgi. Our results suggest that interactions of DOR with COPI, via atypical COPI motifs on the C-terminal tail, retain DOR in the Golgi. These interactions could provide a point of regulation of DOR export and delivery by extracellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Shiwarski
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Stephanie E. Crilly
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrew Dates
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Manojkumar A. Puthenveedu
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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15
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Weinberg ZY, Puthenveedu MA. Regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling by plasma membrane organization and endocytosis. Traffic 2019; 20:121-129. [PMID: 30536564 PMCID: PMC6415975 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The trafficking of G protein coupled-receptors (GPCRs) is one of the most exciting areas in cell biology because of recent advances demonstrating that GPCR signaling is spatially encoded. GPCRs, acting in a diverse array of physiological systems, can have differential signaling consequences depending on their subcellular localization. At the plasma membrane, GPCR organization could fine-tune the initial stages of receptor signaling by determining the magnitude of signaling and the type of effectors to which receptors can couple. This organization is mediated by the lipid composition of the plasma membrane, receptor-receptor interactions, and receptor interactions with intracellular scaffolding proteins. GPCR organization is subsequently changed by ligand binding and the regulated endocytosis of these receptors. Activated GPCRs can modulate the dynamics of their own endocytosis through changing clathrin-coated pit dynamics, and through the scaffolding adaptor protein β-arrestin. This endocytic regulation has signaling consequences, predominantly through modulation of the MAPK cascade. This review explores what is known about receptor sorting at the plasma membrane, protein partners that control receptor endocytosis, and the ways in which receptor sorting at the plasma membrane regulates downstream trafficking and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Y Weinberg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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16
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Vicente-Sanchez A, Dripps IJ, Tipton AF, Akbari H, Akbari A, Jutkiewicz EM, Pradhan AA. Tolerance to high-internalizing δ opioid receptor agonist is critically mediated by arrestin 2. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3050-3059. [PMID: 29722902 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Opioid δ receptor agonists are potent antihyperalgesics in chronic pain models, but tolerance develops after prolonged use. Previous evidence indicates that distinct forms of tolerance occur depending on the internalization properties of δ receptor agonists. As arrestins are important in receptor internalization, we investigated the role of arrestin 2 (β-arrestin 1) in mediating the development of tolerance induced by high- and low-internalizing δ receptor agonists. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We evaluated the effect of two δ receptor agonists with similar analgesic potencies, but either high-(SNC80) or low-(ARM390) internalization properties in wild-type (WT) and arrestin 2 knockout (KO) mice. We compared tolerance to the antihyperalgesic effects of these compounds in a model of inflammatory pain. We also examined tolerance to the convulsant effect of SNC80. Furthermore, effect of chronic treatment with SNC80 on δ agonist-stimulated [35 S]-GTPγS binding was determined in WT and KO mice. KEY RESULTS Arrestin 2 KO resulted in increased drug potency, duration of action and decreased acute tolerance to the antihyperalgesic effects of SNC80. In contrast, ARM390 produced similar effects in both WT and KO animals. Following chronic treatment, we found a marked decrease in the extent of tolerance to SNC80-induced antihyperalgesia and convulsions in arrestin 2 KO mice. Accordingly, δ receptors remained functionally coupled to G proteins in arrestin 2 KO mice chronically treated with SNC80. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Overall, these results suggest that δ receptor agonists interact with arrestins in a ligand-specific manner, and tolerance to high- but not low-internalizing agonists are preferentially regulated by arrestin 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vicente-Sanchez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Isaac J Dripps
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alycia F Tipton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heba Akbari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Areeb Akbari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Amynah A Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Bao F, Li CL, Chen XQ, Lu YJ, Bao L, Zhang X. Clinical opioids differentially induce co-internalization of μ- and δ-opioid receptors. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918769492. [PMID: 29587571 PMCID: PMC5898661 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918769492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid receptors play an important role in mediating the spinal analgesia. The μ-opioid receptor is the major target of opioid drugs widely used in clinics. However, the regulatory mechanisms of analgesic effect and tolerance for clinical μ-opioid receptor-targeting opioids remain to be fully investigated. Previous studies showed the interaction of δ-opioid receptor with μ-opioid receptor to form the μ-opioid receptor/δ-opioid receptor heteromers that could be processed in the degradation pathway after δ-opioid receptor agonist treatment. Here, we showed that clinical μ-opioid receptor-targeting opioids, morphine, fentanyl, and methadone, but not tramadol, caused μ-opioid receptor co-internalization with δ-opioid receptors in both transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells and primary sensory neurons. Prolonged treatment of morphine led to μ-opioid receptor co-degradation with δ-opioid receptors. Furthermore, fentanyl and methadone, but not tramadol, induced the drug tolerance similar to morphine. Thus, the clinical μ-opioid receptor-targeting opioids including morphine, fentanyl, and methadone induce μ-opioid receptor co-internalization with δ-opioid receptors, which may be involved in the analgesic tolerance of these opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Bao
- 1 Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Lin Li
- 1 Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,3 Shanghai Clinical Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences/XuHui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Qiao Chen
- 4 State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Jin Lu
- 1 Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,3 Shanghai Clinical Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences/XuHui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Bao
- 4 State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,5 School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- 1 Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,5 School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Shiwarski DJ, Darr M, Telmer CA, Bruchez MP, Puthenveedu MA. PI3K class II α regulates δ-opioid receptor export from the trans-Golgi network. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2202-2219. [PMID: 28566554 PMCID: PMC5531736 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between signaling and trafficking by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has focused mainly on endocytic trafficking. Whether and how surface delivery of newly synthesized GPCRs is regulated by extracellular signals is less understood. Here we define a signaling-regulated checkpoint at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) that controls the surface delivery of the delta opioid receptor (δR). In PC12 cells, inhibition of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) activity blocked export of newly synthesized δR from the Golgi and delivery to the cell surface, similar to treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF). Depletion of class II phosphoinositide-3 kinase α (PI3K C2A), but not inhibition of class I PI3K, blocked δR export to comparable levels and attenuated δR-mediated cAMP inhibition. NGF treatment displaced PI3K C2A from the Golgi and optogenetic recruitment of the PI3K C2A kinase domain to the TGN-induced δR export downstream of NGF. Of importance, PI3K C2A expression promotes export of endogenous δR in primary trigeminal ganglion neurons. Taken together, our results identify PI3K C2A as being required and sufficient for δR export and surface delivery in neuronal cells and suggest that it could be a key modulator of a novel Golgi export checkpoint that coordinates GPCR delivery to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Shiwarski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Marlena Darr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Cheryl A Telmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Marcel P Bruchez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Manojkumar A Puthenveedu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 .,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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19
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A PTEN-Regulated Checkpoint Controls Surface Delivery of δ Opioid Receptors. J Neurosci 2017; 37:3741-3752. [PMID: 28264976 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2923-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The δ opioid receptor (δR) is a promising alternate target for pain management because δR agonists show decreased abuse potential compared with current opioid analgesics that target the μ opioid receptor. A critical limitation in developing δR as an analgesic target, however, is that δR agonists show relatively low efficacy in vivo, requiring the use of high doses that often cause adverse effects, such as convulsions. Here we tested whether intracellular retention of δR in sensory neurons contributes to this low δR agonist efficacy in vivo by limiting surface δR expression. Using direct visualization of δR trafficking and localization, we define a phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-regulated checkpoint that retains δR in the Golgi and decreases surface delivery in rat and mice sensory neurons. PTEN inhibition releases δR from this checkpoint and stimulates delivery of exogenous and endogenous δR to the neuronal surface both in vitro and in vivo PTEN inhibition in vivo increases the percentage of TG neurons expressing δR on the surface and allows efficient δR-mediated antihyperalgesia in mice. Together, we define a critical role for PTEN in regulating the surface delivery and bioavailability of the δR, explain the low efficacy of δR agonists in vivo, and provide evidence that active δR relocation is a viable strategy to increase δR antinociception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Opioid analgesics, such as morphine, which target the μ opioid receptor (μR), have been the mainstay of pain management, but their use is highly limited by adverse effects and their variable efficacy in chronic pain. Identifying alternate analgesic targets is therefore of great significance. Although the δ opioid receptor (δR) is an attractive option, a critical limiting factor in developing δR as a target has been the low efficacy of δR agonists. Why δR agonists show low efficacy is still under debate. This study provides mechanistic and functional data that intracellular localization of δR in neurons is a key factor that contributes to low agonist efficacy, and presents a proof of mechanism that relocating δR improves efficacy.
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20
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Mannangatti P, Sundaramurthy S, Ramamoorthy S, Jayanthi LD. Differential effects of aprepitant, a clinically used neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist on the expression of conditioned psychostimulant versus opioid reward. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:695-705. [PMID: 28013351 PMCID: PMC5266628 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) signaling modulates behaviors associated with psychostimulants and opioids. Psychostimulants, such as amphetamine (AMPH) and cocaine, bind to monoamine transporters and alter their functions. Both dopamine and norepinephrine transporters are regulated by NK1R activation suggesting a role for NK1R mediated catecholamine transporter regulation in psychostimulant-mediated behaviors. OBJECTIVES The effect of in vivo administration of aprepitant (10 mg/kg) on the expression of AMPH (0.5 and 2 mg/kg) and cocaine (5 and 20 mg/kg)-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) as well as locomotor activation was examined in C57BL/6J mice. The effect of aprepitant on morphine (1 and 5 mg/kg)-induced CPP was also examined to identify the specific actions of aprepitant on psychostimulant versus opioid-induced behaviors. RESULTS Aprepitant administration significantly attenuated the CPP expression and locomotor activation produced by AMPH and cocaine. In contrast, aprepitant significantly enhanced the expression of CPP produced by morphine while significantly suppressing the locomotor activity of the mice conditioned with morphine. Aprepitant by itself did not induce significant CPP or conditioned place aversion or locomotor activation or suppression. CONCLUSIONS Attenuation of AMPH or cocaine-induced CPP and locomotor activation by aprepitant suggests a role for NK1R signaling in psychostimulant-mediated behaviors. Stimulation of morphine-induced CPP expression and suppression of locomotor activity of morphine-conditioned mice suggest differential effects of NK1R antagonism on conditioned psychostimulant versus opioid reward. Collectively, these findings indicate that clinically used NK1R antagonist, aprepitant may serve as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of psychostimulant abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lankupalle D Jayanthi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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21
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-eighth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2015 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia, stress and social status, tolerance and dependence, learning and memory, eating and drinking, drug abuse and alcohol, sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology, mental illness and mood, seizures and neurologic disorders, electrical-related activity and neurophysiology, general activity and locomotion, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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22
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Campbell JC, Polan-Couillard LF, Chin-Sang ID, Bendena WG. NPR-9, a Galanin-Like G-Protein Coupled Receptor, and GLR-1 Regulate Interneuronal Circuitry Underlying Multisensory Integration of Environmental Cues in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006050. [PMID: 27223098 PMCID: PMC4880332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
C. elegans inhabit environments that require detection of diverse stimuli to modulate locomotion in order to avoid unfavourable conditions. In a mammalian context, a failure to appropriately integrate environmental signals can lead to Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and epilepsy. Provided that the circuitry underlying mammalian sensory integration can be prohibitively complex, we analyzed nematode behavioral responses in differing environmental contexts to evaluate the regulation of context dependent circuit reconfiguration and sensorimotor control. Our work has added to the complexity of a known parallel circuit, mediated by interneurons AVA and AIB, that integrates sensory cues and is responsible for the initiation of backwards locomotion. Our analysis of the galanin-like G-protein coupled receptor NPR-9 in C. elegans revealed that upregulation of galanin signaling impedes the integration of sensory evoked neuronal signals. Although the expression pattern of npr-9 is limited to AIB, upregulation of the receptor appears to impede AIB and AVA circuits to broadly prevent backwards locomotion, i.e. reversals, suggesting that these two pathways functionally interact. Galanin signaling similarly plays a broadly inhibitory role in mammalian models. Moreover, our identification of a mutant, which rarely initiates backwards movement, allowed us to interrogate locomotory mechanisms underlying chemotaxis. In support of the pirouette model of chemotaxis, organisms that did not exhibit reversal behavior were unable to navigate towards an attractant peak. We also assessed ionotropic glutamate receptor GLR-1 cell-specifically within AIB and determined that GLR-1 fine-tunes AIB activity to modify locomotion following reversal events. Our research highlights that signal integration underlying the initiation and fine-tuning of backwards locomotion is AIB and NPR-9 dependent, and has demonstrated the suitability of C. elegans for analysis of multisensory integration and sensorimotor control. Multiple environmental cues are sensed by an organism in order to coordinate behavioral responses. Consequently, organisms must be able to simultaneously detect and integrate multiple external stimuli in order to appropriately modify their behavior. Identifying the unique circuits mediating the response to individual stimuli and points of overlap is essential to understanding how multiple signals can be integrated for a coordinated behavioral response. In order to analyze individual circuits, we have used the model organism C. elegans. We have identified that a C. elegans neuropeptide receptor (NPR-9) and a glutamate receptor (GLR-1) function in a single interneuron to play a broad regulatory role in multiple neural circuits. Our research has identified that interneuron AIB is involved in the integration of signals from numerous sensory neurons. Moreover, regulation of AIB via a neuropeptide receptor (NPR-9) and a glutamate receptor (GLR-1) coordinates AIB activity in the context of multisensory integration. Long-range chemotaxis behavior, in which an organism alters locomotory patterns based on odorant sensation, is also regulated by NPR-9. Our analysis indicates that reversals, and thus the pirouette model, are sufficient for chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Campbell
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ian D. Chin-Sang
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - William G. Bendena
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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McGarvey JC, Xiao K, Bowman SL, Mamonova T, Zhang Q, Bisello A, Sneddon WB, Ardura JA, Jean-Alphonse F, Vilardaga JP, Puthenveedu MA, Friedman PA. Actin-Sorting Nexin 27 (SNX27)-Retromer Complex Mediates Rapid Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Recycling. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10986-1002. [PMID: 27008860 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.697045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR) regulates mineral-ion homeostasis and bone remodeling. Upon parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulation, the PTHR internalizes into early endosomes and subsequently traffics to the retromer complex, a sorting platform on early endosomes that promotes recycling of surface receptors. The C terminus of the PTHR contains a type I PDZ ligand that binds PDZ domain-containing proteins. Mass spectrometry identified sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) in isolated endosomes as a PTHR binding partner. PTH treatment enriched endosomal PTHR. SNX27 contains a PDZ domain and serves as a cargo selector for the retromer complex. VPS26, VPS29, and VPS35 retromer subunits were isolated with PTHR in endosomes from cells stimulated with PTH. Molecular dynamics and protein binding studies establish that PTHR and SNX27 interactions depend on the PDZ recognition motif in PTHR and the PDZ domain of SNX27. Depletion of either SNX27 or VPS35 or actin depolymerization decreased the rate of PTHR recycling following agonist stimulation. Mutating the PDZ ligand of PTHR abolished the interaction with SNX27 but did not affect the overall rate of recycling, suggesting that PTHR may directly engage the retromer complex. Coimmunoprecipitation and overlay experiments show that both intact and mutated PTHR bind retromer through the VPS26 protomer and sequentially assemble a ternary complex with PTHR and SNX27. SNX27-independent recycling may involve N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor, which binds both PDZ intact and mutant PTHRs. We conclude that PTHR recycles rapidly through at least two pathways, one involving the ASRT complex of actin, SNX27, and retromer and another possibly involving N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C McGarvey
- From the Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and
| | - Kunhong Xiao
- From the Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and
| | - Shanna L Bowman
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Tatyana Mamonova
- From the Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and
| | - Qiangmin Zhang
- From the Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and
| | - Alessandro Bisello
- From the Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and
| | - W Bruce Sneddon
- From the Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and
| | - Juan A Ardura
- From the Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and
| | - Frederic Jean-Alphonse
- From the Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and
| | - Jean-Pierre Vilardaga
- From the Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and
| | - Manojkumar A Puthenveedu
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Peter A Friedman
- From the Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and the Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 and
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24
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Xiao J, Zeng S, Wang X, Babazada H, Li Z, Liu R, Yu W. Neurokinin 1 and opioid receptors: relationships and interactions in nervous system. TRANSLATIONAL PERIOPERATIVE AND PAIN MEDICINE 2016; 1:11-21. [PMID: 28409174 PMCID: PMC5388438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Opioid receptors and neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) are found highly expressed in the central nervous system. The co-localization of these two kinds of receptors suggests that they might interact with each other in both the transmission and modulation of the pain signal. In this review, we explore the relationships between opioid receptors and NK1R. Substance P (SP) plays a modulatory role in the pain transmission by activating the NK1R. Opioid receptor activation can inhibit SP release. NK1R is found participating in the mechanisms of the side effects of the opioids, including opioid analgesic tolerance, hyperalgesia, anxiety behaviors of morphine reward and opioids related respiratory depression. A series of compounds such as NK1R antagonists and ligands works on both mu/delta opioid receptor (MOR/DOR) and NK1R were synthesized as novel analgesics that enhance the clinical pain management efficacy and reduce the dosage and side effects. The current status of these novel ligands and the limitations are discussed in this review. Although the working mechanisms of these ligands remained unclear, they could be used as research tool for developing novel analgesic drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Si Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Electronic Science and Technology University
| | - Xiangrui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Hasan Babazada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Renyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University
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25
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Delgado-Peraza F, Nogueras-Ortiz C, Acevedo Canabal AM, Roman-Vendrell C, Yudowski GA. Imaging GPCRs trafficking and signaling with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy in cultured neurons. Methods Cell Biol 2015; 132:25-33. [PMID: 26928537 PMCID: PMC5421379 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy allows probing the cellular events occurring close and at the plasma membrane. Over the last decade, we have seen a significant increase in the number of publications applying TIRF microscopy to unravel some of the fundamental biological questions regarding G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) function such as the mechanisms controlling receptor trafficking, quaternary structure, and signaling among others. Most of the published work has been performed in heterologous systems such as HEK293 and CHO cells, where the imaging surface available is higher and smoother when compared with the narrow processes or the smaller cell bodies of neurons. However, some publications have expanded our understanding of these events to primary cell cultures, mostly rat hippocampal and striatal neuronal cultures. Results from these cells provide a bona fide model of the complex events controlling GPCR function in living cells. We believe more work needs to be performed in primary cultures and eventually in intact tissue to complement the knowledge obtained from heterologous cell models. Here, we described a step-by-step protocol to investigate the surface trafficking and signaling from GPCRs in rat hippocampal and striatal primary cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francheska Delgado-Peraza
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00901, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00901, USA
| | - Carlos Nogueras-Ortiz
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00901, USA
| | - Agnes M. Acevedo Canabal
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00901, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00901, USA
| | - Cristina Roman-Vendrell
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00901, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Guillermo A. Yudowski
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00901, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00901, USA
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26
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Geppetti P, Veldhuis N, Lieu T, Bunnett N. G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Dynamic Machines for Signaling Pain and Itch. Neuron 2015; 88:635-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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27
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Sandweiss AJ, Vanderah TW. The pharmacology of neurokinin receptors in addiction: prospects for therapy. Subst Abuse Rehabil 2015; 6:93-102. [PMID: 26379454 PMCID: PMC4567173 DOI: 10.2147/sar.s70350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic disorder in which consumption of a substance or a habitual behavior becomes compulsive and often recurrent, despite adverse consequences. Substance p (SP) is an undecapeptide and was the first neuropeptide of the neurokinin family to be discovered. The subsequent decades of research after its discovery implicated SP and its neurokinin relatives as neurotransmitters involved in the modulation of the reward pathway. Here, we review the neurokinin literature, giving a brief historical perspective of neurokinin pharmacology, localization in various brain regions involved in addictive behaviors, and the functional aspects of neurokinin pharmacology in relation to reward in preclinical models of addiction that have shaped the rational drug design of neurokinin antagonists that could translate into human research. Finally, we will cover the clinical investigations using neurokinin antagonists and discuss their potential as a therapy for drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Sandweiss
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Todd W Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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28
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Bowman SL, Soohoo AL, Puthenveedu MA. Visualizing and quantitating sequence-dependent GPCR recycling. Methods Cell Biol 2015; 130:333-45. [PMID: 26360044 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in direct imaging have given us a new appreciation of the spatial and temporal dynamics of membrane trafficking processes, and have allowed us to ask questions that were difficult to address with traditional methods. A relevant example of this is protein sorting in the endosome, which serves as the primary sorting station for proteins internalized from the cell surface. In this chapter, we discuss fluorescence imaging protocols to directly visualize and quantitate the recycling of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)-a highly physiologically relevant family of signaling receptors-in real time in living cells. The protocols allow direct visualization and quantitation of both GPCR exit from the endosome and GPCR delivery to the cell surface. The methods may be extended to study the endolysosomal sorting of many proteins that undergoes endocytic cycling, and may be adapted to other organelles and systems where proteins are sorted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L Bowman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda L Soohoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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29
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Bowman SL, Puthenveedu MA. Postendocytic Sorting of Adrenergic and Opioid Receptors: New Mechanisms and Functions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 132:189-206. [PMID: 26055059 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The endocytic pathway tightly regulates the activity of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Much of our understanding of this relationship between GPCR endocytic trafficking and signaling comes from studies done on catecholamine and opioid receptors. After ligand-induced endocytosis, a key sorting step in the endosome determines whether receptors are recycled back to the cell surface, leading to recovery of signaling, or are degraded in the lysosome, leading to desensitization. Recycling of GPCRs, unlike that of many other proteins, is an active process driven by specific sequences on the receptor and proteins that interact with this sequence. Recent data suggest that sequence-dependent recycling plays complex roles in regulating both the timing and location of GPCR signaling. This chapter will describe our current understanding of the mechanisms regulating GPCR sorting in the endosome and discuss emerging ideas on their role in GPCR signaling, focusing on adrenergic and opioid receptors as prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L Bowman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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