1
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Khan IR, Sadida HQ, Hashem S, Singh M, Macha MA, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS, Khurshid I, Bhat AA. Therapeutic implications of signaling pathways and tumor microenvironment interactions in esophageal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116873. [PMID: 38843587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is significantly influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME) and altered signaling pathways. Downregulating these pathways in EC is essential for suppressing tumor development, preventing metastasis, and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. This approach can increase tumor sensitivity to treatments, enhance patient outcomes, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation and spread. The TME, comprising cellular and non-cellular elements surrounding the tumor, significantly influences EC's development, course, and treatment responsiveness. Understanding the complex relationships within the TME is crucial for developing successful EC treatments. Immunotherapy is a vital TME treatment for EC. However, the heterogeneity within the TME limits the application of anticancer drugs outside clinical settings. Therefore, identifying reliable microenvironmental biomarkers that can detect therapeutic responses before initiating therapy is crucial. Combining approaches focusing on EC signaling pathways with TME can enhance treatment outcomes. This integrated strategy aims to interfere with essential signaling pathways promoting cancer spread while disrupting factors encouraging tumor development. Unraveling aberrant signaling pathways and TME components can lead to more focused and efficient treatment approaches, identifying specific cellular targets for treatments. Targeting the TME and signaling pathways may reduce metastasis risk by interfering with mechanisms facilitating cancer cell invasion and dissemination. In conclusion, this integrative strategy has significant potential for improving patient outcomes and advancing EC research and therapy. This review discusses the altered signaling pathways and TME in EC, focusing on potential future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inamu Rashid Khan
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab), Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir 192122, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Ibraq Khurshid
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar.
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2
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Jasim SA, Farber IM, Noraldeen SAM, Bansal P, Alsaab HO, Abdullaev B, Alkhafaji AT, Alawadi AH, Hamzah HF, Mohammed BA. Incorporation of immunotherapies and nanomedicine to better normalize angiogenesis-based cancer treatment. Microvasc Res 2024; 154:104691. [PMID: 38703993 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2024.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant targeting of tumor angiogenesis has been developed and approved for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, vascular disruption leads to tumor hypoxia, which exacerbates the treatment process and causes drug resistance. In addition, successful delivery of therapeutic agents and efficacy of radiotherapy require normal vascular networks and sufficient oxygen, which complete tumor vasculopathy hinders their efficacy. In view of this controversy, an optimal dose of FDA-approved anti-angiogenic agents and combination with other therapies, such as immunotherapy and the use of nanocarrier-mediated targeted therapy, could improve therapeutic regimens, reduce the need for administration of high doses of chemotherapeutic agents and subsequently reduce side effects. Here, we review the mechanism of anti-angiogenic agents, highlight the challenges of existing therapies, and present how the combination of immunotherapies and nanomedicine could improve angiogenesis-based tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina M Farber
- Department of children's diseases of the F. Filatov clinical institute of children's health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Health of Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bekhzod Abdullaev
- Research Department of Biotechnology, New Uzbekistan University, Mustaqillik Avenue 54, Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Central Asian University, Milliy Bog Street 264, Tashkent 111221, Uzbekistan..
| | | | - Ahmed Hussien Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Qadisiyyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Hamza Fadhel Hamzah
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
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3
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De Palma M, Hanahan D. Milestones in tumor vascularization and its therapeutic targeting. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:827-843. [PMID: 38918437 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Research into the mechanisms and manifestations of solid tumor vascularization was launched more than 50 years ago with the proposition and experimental demonstrations that angiogenesis is instrumental for tumor growth and was, therefore, a promising therapeutic target. The biological knowledge and therapeutic insights forthcoming have been remarkable, punctuated by new concepts, many of which were not foreseen in the early decades. This article presents a perspective on tumor vascularization and its therapeutic targeting but does not portray a historical timeline. Rather, we highlight eight conceptual milestones, integrating initial discoveries and recent progress and posing open questions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Douglas Hanahan
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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4
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Li S, Sheng J, Zhang D, Qin H. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages to reverse antitumor drug resistance. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10165-10196. [PMID: 38787372 PMCID: PMC11210230 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Currently, antitumor drugs show limited clinical outcomes, mainly due to adaptive resistance. Clinical evidence has highlighted the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor response to conventional antitumor drugs. Preclinical studies show that TAMs following antitumor agent can be reprogrammed to an immunosuppressive phenotype and proangiogenic activities through different mechanisms, mediating drug resistance and poor prognosis. Potential extrinsic inhibitors targeting TAMs repolarize to an M1-like phenotype or downregulate proangiogenic function, enhancing therapeutic efficacy of anti-tumor therapy. Moreover, pharmacological modulation of macrophages that restore the immune stimulatory characteristics is useful to reshaping the tumor microenvironment, thus further limiting tumor growth. This review aims to introduce macrophage response in tumor therapy and provide a potential therapeutic combination strategy of TAM-targeting immunomodulation with conventional antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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5
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Pallarés-Moratalla C, Bergers G. The ins and outs of microglial cells in brain health and disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1305087. [PMID: 38665919 PMCID: PMC11043497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1305087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the brain's resident macrophages that play pivotal roles in immune surveillance and maintaining homeostasis of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Microglia are functionally implicated in various cerebrovascular diseases, including stroke, aneurysm, and tumorigenesis as they regulate neuroinflammatory responses and tissue repair processes. Here, we review the manifold functions of microglia in the brain under physiological and pathological conditions, primarily focusing on the implication of microglia in glioma propagation and progression. We further review the current status of therapies targeting microglial cells, including their re-education, depletion, and re-population approaches as therapeutic options to improve patient outcomes for various neurological and neuroinflammatory disorders, including cancer.
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6
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Jurisic A, Sung P, Wappett M, Daubriac J, Lobb IT, Kung W, Crawford N, Page N, Cassidy E, Feutren‐Burton S, Rountree JSS, Helm MD, O'Dowd CR, Kennedy RD, Gavory G, Cranston AN, Longley DB, Jacq X, Harrison T. USP7 inhibitors suppress tumour neoangiogenesis and promote synergy with immune checkpoint inhibitors by downregulating fibroblast VEGF. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1648. [PMID: 38602256 PMCID: PMC11007818 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how to modulate the microenvironment of tumors that are resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors represents a major challenge in oncology.Here we investigate the ability of USP7 inhibitors to reprogram the tumor microenvironment (TME) by inhibiting secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from fibroblasts. METHODS To understand the role played by USP7 in the TME, we systematically evaluated the effects of potent, selective USP7 inhibitors on co-cultures comprising components of the TME, using human primary cells. We also evaluated the effects of USP7 inhibition on tumor growth inhibition in syngeneic models when dosed in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). RESULTS Abrogation of VEGF secretion from fibroblasts in response to USP7 inhibition resulted in inhibition of tumor neoangiogenesis and increased tumor recruitment of CD8-positive T-lymphocytes, leading to significantly improved sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In syngeneic models, treatment with USP7 inhibitors led to striking tumor responses resulting in significantly improved survival. CONCLUSIONS USP7-mediated reprograming of the TME is not linked to its previously characterized role in modulating MDM2 but does require p53 and UHRF1 in addition to the well-characterized VEGF transcription factor, HIF-1α. This represents a function of USP7 that is unique to fibroblasts, and which is not observed in cancer cells or other components of the TME. Given the potential for USP7 inhibitors to transform "immune desert" tumors into "immune responsive" tumors, this paves the way for a novel therapeutic strategy combining USP7 inhibitors with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei‐Ju Sung
- Almac Discovery Ltd., Health Science BuildingBelfastUK
| | - Mark Wappett
- Almac Discovery Ltd., Health Science BuildingBelfastUK
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | | | - Ian T. Lobb
- Almac Discovery Ltd., Health Science BuildingBelfastUK
| | - Wei‐Wei Kung
- Almac Discovery Ltd., Health Science BuildingBelfastUK
| | | | - Natalie Page
- Almac Discovery Ltd., Health Science BuildingBelfastUK
| | - Eamon Cassidy
- Almac Discovery Ltd., Health Science BuildingBelfastUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gerald Gavory
- Almac Discovery Ltd., Health Science BuildingBelfastUK
| | | | - Daniel B. Longley
- Almac Discovery Ltd., Health Science BuildingBelfastUK
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer ResearchQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Xavier Jacq
- Almac Discovery Ltd., Health Science BuildingBelfastUK
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7
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Lekan AA, Weiner LM. The Role of Chemokines in Orchestrating the Immune Response to Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:559. [PMID: 38339310 PMCID: PMC10854906 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are small molecules that function as chemotactic factors which regulate the migration, infiltration, and accumulation of immune cells. Here, we comprehensively assess the structural and functional role of chemokines, examine the effects of chemokines that are present in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor microenvironment (TME), specifically those produced by cancer cells and stromal components, and evaluate their impact on immune cell trafficking, both in promoting and suppressing anti-tumor responses. We further explore the impact of chemokines on patient outcomes in PDAC and their role in the context of immunotherapy treatments, and review clinical trials that have targeted chemokine receptors and ligands in the treatment of PDAC. Lastly, we highlight potential strategies that can be utilized to harness chemokines in order to increase cytotoxic immune cell infiltration and the anti-tumor effects of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis M. Weiner
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
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8
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Wu W, Xia X, Tang L, Luo J, Xiong S, Ma G, Lei H. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase as a therapeutic target in angiogenic disease. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109646. [PMID: 37716399 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) generate lipids that control multitudinous intracellular cell signaling events which participate in cell survival and proliferation. In addition, PI3K signaling also contributes to metabolism, immunity, angiogenesis and cardiovascular homeostasis, and many diseases. The diverse actions of PI3K stem from the existence of their various isoforms and a variety of protein effectors. Hence, PI3K isoform-specific inhibitors have already achieved a wonderful effect on treating cancer. Herein, we summarize the molecular mechanism of PI3K inhibitors in preventing the permeability of vessels and neovascularization. Additionally, we briefly illustrate how PI3K signaling modulates blood vessel growth and discuss the different roles that PI3K isoforms play in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Luosheng Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siqi Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gaoen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Hetian Lei
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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9
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Dianat-Moghadam H, Nedaeinia R, Keshavarz M, Azizi M, Kazemi M, Salehi R. Immunotherapies targeting tumor vasculature: challenges and opportunities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1226360. [PMID: 37727791 PMCID: PMC10506263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1226360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer biology, and neoadjuvant therapies targeting either tumor vasculature or VEGF signaling have been developed to treat solid malignant tumors. However, these therapies induce complete vascular depletion leading to hypoxic niche, drug resistance, and tumor recurrence rate or leading to impaired delivery of chemo drugs and immune cell infiltration at the tumor site. Achieving a balance between oxygenation and tumor growth inhibition requires determining vascular normalization after treatment with a low dose of antiangiogenic agents. However, monotherapy within the approved antiangiogenic agents' benefits only some tumors and their efficacy improvement could be achieved using immunotherapy and emerging nanocarriers as a clinical tool to optimize subsequent therapeutic regimens and reduce the need for a high dosage of chemo agents. More importantly, combined immunotherapies and nano-based delivery systems can prolong the normalization window while providing the advantages to address the current treatment challenges within antiangiogenic agents. This review summarizes the approved therapies targeting tumor angiogenesis, highlights the challenges and limitations of current therapies, and discusses how vascular normalization, immunotherapies, and nanomedicine could introduce the theranostic potentials to improve tumor management in future clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Keshavarz
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azizi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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10
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Yang X, Zhu W. ERBB3 mediates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to alter the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer and predict immunity filtration outcome. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:146. [PMID: 36911370 PMCID: PMC9995796 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide, and the prognosis of advanced/recurrent cervical cancer remains poor. Metastasis and invasion of this type of cancer are closely associated with the tumor microenvironment. Studying the complex interactions between tumor progression and immune cells or stromal cells can provide new insights into treatment for patients with aggressive tumor, recurrence and drug resistance. In the present study, a bioinformatics method (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, differentially expressed genes, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, protein-protein interactions and survival analysis) was used to explore the mRNA and protein level discrepancy gene signature of ERBB3 via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway from the speculation in immuno-oncology and experimental verification of different cervical cancer cell lines. The high expression of ERBB3 in cervical cancer tissues (especially HPV-positive and adenocarcinoma-related) promoted the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The increased expression of MMP9 changed the macrophage infiltration in the tumor microenvironment and affected prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. In conclusion, the present study identified 14 EMT-related genes and 30 genes involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in cervical cancer, and they might provide novel clues for future treatment. The MMP family may be a notable factor associated with tumor cells and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Weipei Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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11
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Truxova I, Cibula D, Spisek R, Fucikova J. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages for successful immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005968. [PMID: 36822672 PMCID: PMC9950980 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is among the top five causes of cancer-related death in women, largely reflecting early, prediagnosis dissemination of malignant cells to the peritoneum. Despite improvements in medical therapies, particularly with the implementation of novel drugs targeting homologous recombination deficiency, the survival rates of patients with EOC remain low. Unlike other neoplasms, EOC remains relatively insensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors, which is correlated with a tumor microenvironment (TME) characterized by poor infiltration by immune cells and active immunosuppression dominated by immune components with tumor-promoting properties, especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In recent years, TAMs have attracted interest as potential therapeutic targets by seeking to reverse the immunosuppression in the TME and enhance the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy. Here, we review the key biological features of TAMs that affect tumor progression and their relevance as potential targets for treating EOC. We especially focus on the therapies that might modulate the recruitment, polarization, survival, and functional properties of TAMs in the TME of EOC that can be harnessed to develop superior combinatorial regimens with immunotherapy for the clinical care of patients with EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Cibula
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic,Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio Biotech, Prague, Czech Republic .,Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Wu Y, Yuan M, Wang C, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J. T lymphocyte cell: A pivotal player in lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1102778. [PMID: 36776832 PMCID: PMC9911803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is responsible for the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, which lacks effective therapies. In recent years, accumulating evidence on the understanding of the antitumor activity of the immune system has demonstrated that immunotherapy is one of the powerful alternatives in lung cancer therapy. T cells are the core of cellular immunotherapy, which are critical for tumorigenesis and the treatment of lung cancer. Based on the different expressions of surface molecules and functional points, T cells can be subdivided into regulatory T cells, T helper cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and other unconventional T cells, including γδ T cells, nature killer T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Advances in our understanding of T cells' functional mechanism will lead to a number of clinical trials on the discovery and development of new treatment strategies. Thus, we summarize the biological functions and regulations of T cells on tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and prognosis in lung cancer. Furthermore, we discuss the current advancements of technologies and potentials of T-cell-oriented therapeutic targets for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chenlin Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
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13
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Zheng W, Qian C, Tang Y, Yang C, Zhou Y, Shen P, Chen W, Yu S, Wei Z, Wang A, Lu Y, Zhao Y. Manipulation of the crosstalk between tumor angiogenesis and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment: Insight into the combination therapy of anti-angiogenesis and immune checkpoint blockade. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035323. [PMID: 36439137 PMCID: PMC9684196 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been recognized as an effective and important therapeutic modality for multiple types of cancer. Nevertheless, it has been increasing recognized that clinical benefits of immunotherapy are less than expected as evidenced by the fact that only a small population of cancer patients respond favorably to immunotherapy. The structurally and functionally abnormal tumor vasculature is a hallmark of most solid tumors and contributes to an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which poses a major challenge to immunotherapy. In turn, multiple immune cell subsets have profound consequences on promoting neovascularization. Vascular normalization, a promising anti-angiogenic strategy, can enhance vascular perfusion and promote the infiltration of immune effector cells into tumors via correcting aberrant tumor blood vessels, resulting in the potentiation of immunotherapy. More interestingly, immunotherapies are prone to boost the efficacy of various anti-angiogenic therapies and/or promote the morphological and functional alterations in tumor vasculature. Therefore, immune reprograming and vascular normalization appear to be reciprocally regulated. In this review, we mainly summarize how tumor vasculature propels an immunosuppressive phenotype and how innate and adaptive immune cells modulate angiogenesis during tumor progression. We further highlight recent advances of anti-angiogenic immunotherapies in preclinical and clinical settings to solidify the concept that targeting both tumor blood vessels and immune suppressive cells provides an efficacious approach for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueke Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiliang Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Suyun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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14
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Ma K, Chen S, Chen X, Zhao X, Yang J. CD93 is Associated with Glioma-related Malignant Processes and Immunosuppressive Cell Infiltration as an Inspiring Biomarker of Survivance. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2106-2124. [PMID: 36006582 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have confirmed the significance of CD93 in the progression of multiple tumors; however, there are few studies examining its immune properties for gliomas. Here, we methodically investigated the pathophysiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of gliomas. Six hundred ninety-nine glioma patients in TCGA along with 325 glioma patients in CGGA were correspondingly collected for training and validating. We analyzed and visualized total statistics using RStudio. One-way ANOVA and Student's t-test were used to assess groups' differences. All differences were considered statistically significant at the level of P < 0.05. CD93 markedly upregulated among HGG, MGMT promoter unmethylated subforms, IDH wild forms, 1p19q non-codeletion subforms, and mesenchyme type gliomas. ROC analysis illustrated the favorable applicability of CD93 in estimating mesenchyme subform. Kaplan-Meier curves together with multivariable Cox analyses upon survivance identified high-expression CD93 as a distinct prognostic variable for glioma patients. GO analysis of CD93 documented its predominant part in glioma-related immunobiological processes and inflammation responses. We examined the associations of CD93 with immune-related meta-genes, and CD93 positively correlated with HCK, LCK, MHC I, MHC II, STAT1 and IFN, while adverse with IgG. Association analyses between CD93 and gliomas-infiltrating immunocytes indicated that the infiltrating degrees of most immunocytes exhibited positive correlations with CD93, particularly these immunosuppressive subsets such as TAM, Treg, and MDSCs. CD93 is markedly associated with adverse pathology types, unfavorable survival, and immunosuppressive immunocytes infiltration among gliomas, thus identifying CD93 as a practicable marker and a promising target for glioma-based precise diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Rd, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Suhua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Rd, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Rd, Beijing, 100191, China.,Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Rd, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Rd, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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15
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Sun Q, Wang Y, Ji H, Sun X, Xie S, Chen L, Li S, Zeng W, Chen R, Tang Q, Zuo J, Hou L, Hosaka K, Lu Y, Liu Y, Ye Y, Yang Y. Lenvatinib for effectively treating antiangiogenic drug-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:724. [PMID: 35985991 PMCID: PMC9391381 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) clinical trials show that antiangiogenic drugs (AADs) fail to achieve the expected efficacy, and combining AAD with chemoradiotherapy does not show superiority over chemoradiotherapy alone. Accumulating evidence suggests the intrinsic AAD resistance in NPC patients with poorly understood molecular mechanisms. Here, we describe NPC-specific FGF-2 expression-triggered, VEGF-independent angiogenesis as a mechanism of AAD resistance. Angiogenic factors screening between AAD-sensitive cancer type and AAD-resistant NPC showed high FGF-2 expression in NPC in both xenograft models and clinical samples. Mechanistically, the FGF-2-FGFR1-MYC axis drove endothelial cell survival and proliferation as an alternative to VEGF-VEGFR2-MYC signaling. Genetic knockdown of FGF-2 in NPC tumor cells reduced tumor angiogenesis, enhanced AAD sensitivity, and reduced pulmonary metastasis. Moreover, lenvatinib, an FDA recently approved multi-kinase inhibitor targeting both VEGFR2 and FGFR1, effectively inhibits the tumor vasculature, and exhibited robust anti-tumor effects in NPC-bearing nude mice and humanized mice compared with an agent equivalent to bevacizumab. These findings provide mechanistic insights on FGF-2 signaling in the modulation of VEGF pathway activation in the NPC microenvironment and propose an effective NPC-targeted therapy by using a clinically available drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- grid.452847.80000 0004 6068 028XDepartment of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, 518035 Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Hong Ji
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vison and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P. R. China
| | - Sisi Xie
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, 364000 Longyan, Fujian China
| | - Longtian Chen
- grid.256112.30000 0004 1797 9307Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, 364000 Longyan, Fujian China
| | - Sen Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Weifan Zeng
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Ruibo Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Tang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Zuo
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Likun Hou
- grid.412532.3Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Kayoko Hosaka
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yongtian Lu
- grid.452847.80000 0004 6068 028XDepartment of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanozymes and Translational Cancer Research, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, 518035 Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Ying Liu
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ye
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
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16
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Huang M, Lin Y, Wang C, Deng L, Chen M, Assaraf YG, Chen ZS, Ye W, Zhang D. New insights into antiangiogenic therapy resistance in cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic aspects. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100849. [PMID: 35842983 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer and is required for tumor growth and progression. Antiangiogenic therapy has been revolutionarily developing and was approved for the treatment of various types of cancer for nearly two decades, among which bevacizumab and sorafenib continue to be the two most frequently used antiangiogenic drugs. Although antiangiogenic therapy has brought substantial survival benefits to many cancer patients, resistance to antiangiogenic drugs frequently occurs during clinical treatment, leading to poor outcomes and treatment failure. Cumulative evidence has demonstrated that the intricate interplay among tumor cells, bone marrow-derived cells, and local stromal cells critically allows for tumor escape from antiangiogenic therapy. Currently, drug resistance has become the main challenge that hinders the therapeutic efficacies of antiangiogenic therapy. In this review, we describe and summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms conferring tumor drug resistance to antiangiogenic therapy, which was predominantly associated with redundancy in angiogenic signaling molecules (e.g., VEGFs, GM-CSF, G-CSF, and IL17), alterations in biological processes of tumor cells (e.g., tumor invasiveness and metastasis, stemness, autophagy, metabolic reprogramming, vessel co-option, and vasculogenic mimicry), increased recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells (e.g., myeloid-derived suppressive cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and tumor-associated neutrophils), and changes in the biological functions and features of local stromal cells (e.g., pericytes, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells). We also review potential biomarkers to predict the response to antiangiogenic therapy in cancer patients, which mainly consist of imaging biomarkers, cellular and extracellular proteins, a certain type of bone marrow-derived cells, local stromal cell content (e.g., pericyte coverage) as well as serum or plasma biomarkers (e.g., non-coding RNAs). Finally, we highlight the recent advances in combination strategies with the aim of enhancing the response to antiangiogenic therapy in cancer patients and mouse models. This review introduces a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and biomarkers associated with the evasion of antiangiogenic therapy in cancer, providing an outlook for developing more effective approaches to promote the therapeutic efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuning Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chenran Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lijuan Deng
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Minfeng Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Wencai Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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17
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Jin M, Cao W, Chen B, Xiong M, Cao G. Tumor-Derived Lactate Creates a Favorable Niche for Tumor via Supplying Energy Source for Tumor and Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:808859. [PMID: 35646923 PMCID: PMC9136137 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.808859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor evolution is influenced by events involving tumor cells and the environment in which they live, known as the tumor microenvironment (TME). TME is a functional and structural niche composed of tumor cells, endothelial cells (ECs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and a subset of immune cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T cells, B cells). Otto Warburg revealed the Warburg effect in 1923, a characteristic metabolic mechanism of tumor cells that performs high glucose uptake and excessive lactate formation even in abundant oxygen. Tumor tissues excrete a large amount of lactate into the extracellular microenvironment in response to TME’s hypoxic or semi-hypoxic state. High lactate concentrations in tumor biopsies have been linked to metastasis and poor clinical outcome. This indicates that the metabolite may play a role in carcinogenesis and lead to immune escape in TME. Lactate is now recognized as an essential carbon source for cellular metabolism and as a signaling molecule in TME, forming an active niche that influences tumor progression. This review summarized the advanced literature demonstrating the functional role of lactate in TME remodeling, elucidating how lactate shapes the behavior and the phenotype of both tumor cells and tumor-associated cells. We also concluded the intriguing interactions of multiple immune cells in TME. Additionally, we demonstrated how lactate functioned as a novel function factor by being used in a new histone modification, histone lysine lactylation, and to regulate gene expression in TME. Ultimately, because lactate created a favorable niche for tumor progression, we summarized potential anti-tumor strategies targeting lactate metabolism and signaling to investigate better cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bo Chen
- *Correspondence: Bo Chen, ; Maoming Xiong, ; Guodong Cao,
| | - Maoming Xiong
- *Correspondence: Bo Chen, ; Maoming Xiong, ; Guodong Cao,
| | - Guodong Cao
- *Correspondence: Bo Chen, ; Maoming Xiong, ; Guodong Cao,
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18
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Eisemann T, Wechsler-Reya RJ. Coming in from the cold: overcoming the hostile immune microenvironment of medulloblastoma. Genes Dev 2022; 36:514-532. [PMID: 35680424 PMCID: PMC9186392 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349538.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is an aggressive brain tumor that occurs predominantly in children. Despite intensive therapy, many patients die of the disease, and novel therapies are desperately needed. Although immunotherapy has shown promise in many cancers, the low mutational burden, limited infiltration of immune effector cells, and immune-suppressive microenvironment of medulloblastoma have led to the assumption that it is unlikely to respond to immunotherapy. However, emerging evidence is challenging this view. Here we review recent preclinical and clinical studies that have identified mechanisms of immune evasion in medulloblastoma, and highlight possible therapeutic interventions that may give new hope to medulloblastoma patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Eisemann
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92161, USA
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19
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Chen Y, Jin Y, Hu X, Chen M. Infiltrating T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment of small cell lung cancer: a state of knowledge review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:881-895. [PMID: 34997864 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have brought new hope for the treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) over the past decades. However, the overall response rate is limited, and is lower than that in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This is in part because of the lack of pre-existing tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TITLs), especially cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), in the SCLC tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in insufficient anti-tumor immune response. To unleash the full potential of ICIs, the trafficking and infiltration of TITLs to the tumor is necessary and tightly regulated, the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment blunts the infiltration and function of TITLs that reach the tumor in SCLC. Here, we review the characteristics of TITLs, the effects of various factors on T cell infiltration, and possible strategies to restore or promote T cell infiltration in the TME of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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20
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Osborn G, Stavraka C, Adams R, Sayasneh A, Ghosh S, Montes A, Lacy KE, Kristeleit R, Spicer J, Josephs DH, Arnold JN, Karagiannis SN. Macrophages in ovarian cancer and their interactions with monoclonal antibody therapies. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 209:4-21. [PMID: 35020853 PMCID: PMC9307234 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The unmet clinical need for effective treatments in ovarian cancer has yet to be addressed using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which have largely failed to overcome tumour-associated immunosuppression, restrict cancer growth, and significantly improve survival. In recent years, experimental mAb design has moved away from solely targeting ovarian tumours and instead sought to modulate the wider tumour microenvironment (TME). Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) may represent an attractive therapeutic target for mAbs in ovarian cancer due to their high abundance and close proximity to tumour cells and their active involvement in facilitating several pro-tumoural processes. Moreover, the expression of several antibody crystallisable fragment (Fc) receptors and broad phenotypic plasticity of TAMs provide opportunities to modulate TAM polarisation using mAbs to promote anti-tumoural phenotypes. In this review, we discuss the role of TAMs in ovarian cancer TME and the emerging strategies to target the contributions of these cells in tumour progression through the rationale design of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Osborn
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chara Stavraka
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Adams
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad Sayasneh
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Surgical Oncology Directorate, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharmistha Ghosh
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Montes
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Kristeleit
- Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cancer Centre at Guy's, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James N Arnold
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Zhang Z, Yang C, Li L, Zhu Y, Su K, Zhai L, Wang Z, Huang J. "γδT Cell-IL17A-Neutrophil" Axis Drives Immunosuppression and Confers Breast Cancer Resistance to High-Dose Anti-VEGFR2 Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699478. [PMID: 34721375 PMCID: PMC8554133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential physiological process and hallmark of cancer. Currently, antiangiogenic therapy, mostly targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR2 signaling axis, is commonly used in the clinic for solid tumors. However, antiangiogenic therapies for breast cancer patients have produced limited survival benefits since cancer cells rapidly resistant to anti-VEGFR2 therapy. We applied the low-dose and high-dose VEGFR2 mAb or VEGFR2-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) agents in multiple breast cancer mouse models and found that low-dose VEGFR2 mAb or VEGFR2-TKI achieved good effects in controlling cancer progression, while high-dose treatment was not effective. To further investigate the mechanism involved in regulating the drug resistance, we found that high-dose anti-VEGFR2 treatment elicited IL17A expression in γδ T cells via VEGFR1-PI3K-AKT pathway activation and then promoted N2-like neutrophil polarization, thus inducing CD8+ T cell exhaustion to shape an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Combining anti-VEGFR2 therapy with immunotherapy such as IL17A, PD-1 or Ly-6G mAb therapy, which targeting the immunomodulatory axis of "γδT17 cells-N2 neutrophils" in vivo, showed promising therapeutic effects in breast cancer treatment. This study illustrates the potential mechanism of antiangiogenic therapy resistance in breast cancer and provides synergy treatment for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghui Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Su
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Zhai
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Xuan W, Khan F, James CD, Heimberger AB, Lesniak MS, Chen P. Circadian regulation of cancer cell and tumor microenvironment crosstalk. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:940-950. [PMID: 34272133 PMCID: PMC8526375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate a remarkable variety of physiologic functions in living organisms. Circadian disruption is associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression through effects on cancer cell biological properties, including proliferation, DNA repair, apoptosis, metabolism, and stemness. Emerging evidence indicates that circadian clocks also play an influential role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review outlines recent discoveries on how cancer cell clock components (including circadian clock and clock genes/proteins) regulate TME biology and, reciprocally, how TME clock components affect tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic response. An improved understanding of how clock components regulate the symbiosis between cancer cells and the TME will inform the development of novel clock-oriented therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xuan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Charles David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Chen W, Shen L, Jiang J, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Pan J, Ni C, Chen Z. Antiangiogenic therapy reverses the immunosuppressive breast cancer microenvironment. Biomark Res 2021; 9:59. [PMID: 34294146 PMCID: PMC8296533 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis induces local hypoxia and recruits immunosuppressive cells, whereas hypoxia subsequently promotes tumor angiogenesis. Immunotherapy efficacy depends on the accumulation and activity of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). Antangiogenic therapy could improve local perfusion, relieve tumor microenvironment (TME) hypoxia, and reverse the immunosuppressive state. Combining antiangiogenic therapy with immunotherapy might represent a promising option for the treatment of breast cancer. This article discusses the immunosuppressive characteristics of the breast cancer TME and outlines the interaction between the tumor vasculature and the immune system. Combining antiangiogenic therapy with immunotherapy could interrupt abnormal tumor vasculature-immunosuppression crosstalk, increase effector immune cell infiltration, improve immunotherapy effectiveness, and reduce the risk of immune-related adverse events. In addition, we summarize the preclinical research and ongoing clinical research related to the combination of antiangiogenic therapy with immunotherapy, discuss the underlying mechanisms, and provide a view for future developments. The combination of antiangiogenic therapy and immunotherapy could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of breast cancer to promote tumor vasculature normalization and increase the efficiency of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhen Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lesang Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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24
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Tang X, Zuo C, Fang P, Liu G, Qiu Y, Huang Y, Tang R. Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells: A Review on Biomarkers, Signal Pathways and Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:701291. [PMID: 34307170 PMCID: PMC8297686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.701291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most lethal and common primary brain tumor, even after treatment with multiple therapies, such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation. Although great advances in medical development and improvements in therapeutic methods of GBM have led to a certain extension of the median survival time of patients, prognosis remains poor. The primary cause of its dismal outcomes is the high rate of tumor recurrence, which is closely related to its resistance to standard therapies. During the last decade, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) have been successfully isolated from GBM, and it has been demonstrated that these cells are likely to play an indispensable role in the formation, maintenance, and recurrence of GBM tumors, indicating that GSCs are a crucial target for treatment. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge regarding GSCs, their related signaling pathways, resistance mechanisms, crosstalk linking mechanisms, and microenvironment or niche. Subsequently, we present a framework of targeted therapy for GSCs based on direct strategies, including blockade of the pathways necessary to overcome resistance or prevent their function, promotion of GSC differentiation, virotherapy, and indirect strategies, including targeting the perivascular, hypoxic, and immune niches of the GSCs. In summary, targeting GSCs provides a tremendous opportunity for revolutionary approaches to improve the prognosis and therapy of GBM, despite a variety of challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenghai Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pengchao Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyi Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongrui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Dzobo K, Dandara C. Architecture of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Tumor Microenvironment: Mapping Their Origins, Heterogeneity, and Role in Cancer Therapy Resistance. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 24:314-339. [PMID: 32496970 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor stroma, a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), is a key determinant of response and resistance to cancer treatment. The stromal cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and blood vessels influence cancer cell response to therapy and play key roles in tumor relapse and therapeutic outcomes. Of the stromal cells present in the TME, much attention has been given to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as they are the most abundant and important in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. Besides releasing several factors, CAFs also synthesize the ECM, a key component of the tumor stroma. In this expert review, we examine the role of CAFs in the regulation of tumor cell behavior and reveal how CAF-derived factors and signaling influence tumor cell heterogeneity and development of novel strategies to combat cancer. Importantly, CAFs display both phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, with significant ramifications on CAF-directed therapies. Principal anti-cancer therapies targeting CAFs take the form of: (1) CAFs' ablation through use of immunotherapies, (2) re-education of CAFs to normalize the cells, (3) cellular therapies involving CAFs delivering drugs such as oncolytic adenoviruses, and (4) stromal depletion via targeting the ECM and its related signaling. The CAFs' heterogeneity could be a result of different cellular origins and the cancer-specific tumor microenvironmental effects, underscoring the need for further multiomics and biochemical studies on CAFs and the subsets. Lastly, we present recent advances in therapeutic targeting of CAFs and the success of such endeavors or their lack thereof. We recommend that to advance global public health and personalized medicine, treatments in the oncology clinic should be combinatorial in nature, strategically targeting both cancer cells and stromal cells, and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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26
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Zhou S, Zhang H. Synergies of Targeting Angiogenesis and Immune Checkpoints in Cancer: From Mechanism to Clinical Applications. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:768-776. [PMID: 32031076 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200207091653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis marks key progress in the growth, recurrence, and metastasis of various cancers. Antiangiogenic drugs can improve the blood supply and oxygen content of tumors and enhance the effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by normalizing tumor blood vessels and microenvironment. The further recent developments of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) provide significant progress in cancer immunotherapy. The study focused on programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) blockade, reflecting on the evidence of durable responses among various tumor types. The aim of this review was to sum up present evidence and clarify the rationale behind supporting the benefits of combining antiangiogenic drugs with immunotherapy for cancer treatment as well as list the ongoing clinical trials that are being conducted. METHODS Using PubMed and Web of Science, published articles have been searched and comprehensively reviewed. RESULTS Antiangiogenic agents can trigger antitumor and immunity, and they can also be induced by the immune system. Combining antiangiogenic drugs with immunotherapy may be effective for the treatment of human cancers. CONCLUSION It is evidenced that combining angiogenesis inhibitors with immunotherapy has a synergistic effect thus improving the curative effect of both agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
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27
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Gowhari Shabgah A, Haleem Al-Qaim Z, Markov A, Valerievich Yumashev A, Ezzatifar F, Ahmadi M, Mohammad Gheibihayat S, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. Chemokine CXCL14; a double-edged sword in cancer development. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107681. [PMID: 33932697 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and imposes a substantial financial burden. Therefore, it is essential to develop cost-effective approaches to inhibit tumor growth and development. The imbalance of cytokines and chemokines play an important role among different mechanisms involved in cancer development. One of the strongly conserved chemokines that is constitutively expressed in skin epithelia is the chemokine CXCL14. As a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines, CXCL14 is responsible for the infiltration of immune cells, maturation of dendritic cells, upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I expression, and cell mobilization. Moreover, dysregulation of CXCL14 in several cancers has been identified by several studies. Depending on the type or origin of the tumor and components of the tumor microenvironment, CXCL14 plays a conflicting role in cancer. Although fibroblast-derived CXCL14 has a tumor-supportive role, epithelial-derived CXCL14 mainly inhibits tumor progression. Hence, this review will elucidate what is known on the mechanisms of CXCL14 and its therapeutic approaches in tumor treatment. CXCL14 is a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexei Valerievich Yumashev
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Fatemeh Ezzatifar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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28
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Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Based Combination Immunotherapy to Boost Antigen-Specific CD8 + T Cell Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081922. [PMID: 33923463 PMCID: PMC8073815 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The cytotoxic T cell response against hepatocellular carcinoma antigens is exhausted and fails in its task of deleting tumoral cells. These cells are featured by the expression of negative immune checkpoints that can be modulated to restore T cell function. The blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has shown promising results in rescuing hepatocellular carcinoma-specific CD8 T cells but only a reduced group of cases is sensitive to this treatment and the effect is usually temporary. Therefore, new anti-PD-1 based combinatory strategies are underway to increase the response by adding the effect of blocking neo-angiogenesis and other negative immune checkpoints, boosting positive immune checkpoints, blocking suppressive cytokines, or inducing the expression of tumoral neoantigens. The restoration of T cell responses with these anti-PD-1 based combinatory therapies will change the outcome of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Abstract Thirty to fifty percent of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) display an immune class genetic signature. In this type of tumor, HCC-specific CD8 T cells carry out a key role in HCC control. Those potential reactive HCC-specific CD8 T cells recognize either HCC immunogenic neoantigens or aberrantly expressed host’s antigens, but they become progressively exhausted or deleted. These cells express the negative immunoregulatory checkpoint programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) which impairs T cell receptor signaling by blocking the CD28 positive co-stimulatory signal. The pool of CD8 cells sensitive to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment is the PD-1dim memory-like precursor pool that gives rise to the effector subset involved in HCC control. Due to the epigenetic imprints that are transmitted to the next generation, the effect of PD-1 blockade is transient, and repeated treatments lead to tumor resistance. During long-lasting disease, besides the TCR signaling impairment, T cells develop other failures that should be also set-up to increase T cell reactivity. Therefore, several PD-1 blockade-based combinatory therapies are currently under investigation such as adding antiangiogenics, anti-TGFβ1, blockade of other negative immune checkpoints, or increasing HCC antigen presentation. The effect of these combinations on CD8+ T cells is discussed in this review.
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29
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Resistance to Molecularly Targeted Therapies in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051115. [PMID: 33807778 PMCID: PMC7961479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer with invasive growth patterns. In 2021, 106,110 patients are projected to be diagnosed with melanoma, out of which 7180 are expected to die. Traditional methods like surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are not effective in the treatment of metastatic and advanced melanoma. Recent approaches to treat melanoma have focused on biomarkers that play significant roles in cell growth, proliferation, migration, and survival. Several FDA-approved molecular targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed against genetic biomarkers whose overexpression is implicated in tumorigenesis. The use of targeted therapies as an alternative or supplement to immunotherapy has revolutionized the management of metastatic melanoma. Although this treatment strategy is more efficacious and less toxic in comparison to traditional therapies, targeted therapies are less effective after prolonged treatment due to acquired resistance caused by mutations and activation of alternative mechanisms in melanoma tumors. Recent studies focus on understanding the mechanisms of acquired resistance to these current therapies. Further research is needed for the development of better approaches to improve prognosis in melanoma patients. In this article, various melanoma biomarkers including BRAF, MEK, RAS, c-KIT, VEGFR, c-MET and PI3K are described, and their potential mechanisms for drug resistance are discussed.
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30
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Chan JY, Tan GF, Yeong J, Ong CW, Ng DYX, Lee E, Koh J, Ng CCY, Lee JY, Liu W, Wong RX, Ong CAJ, Farid M, Teh BT, Soo KC. Clinical implications of systemic and local immune responses in human angiosarcoma. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:11. [PMID: 33580206 PMCID: PMC7881182 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcomas are a rare subtype of soft-tissue sarcomas which exhibit aggressive clinical phenotypes with limited treatment options and poor outcomes. In this study, we investigated the clinical relevance of the peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a marker of systemic immune response, as well as its correlation with intra-tumoral immune profiles in a subgroup of cases (n = 35) using the NanoString PanCancer IO360 panel and multiplex immunohistochemistry. In the overall cohort (n = 150), angiosarcomas of the head and neck (AS-HN) comprised most cases (58.7%) and median overall survival (OS) was 1.1 year. NLR, classified as high in 78 of 112 (70%) evaluable patients, was independently correlated with worse OS (HR 1.84, 95%CI 1.18–2.87, p = 0.0073). Peripheral blood NLR was positively correlated with intra-tumoral NLR (tNLR) (Spearman’s rho 0.450, p = 0.0067). Visualization of tumor-infiltrating immune cells confirmed that tNLR scores correlated directly with both neutrophil (CD15+ cells, rho 0.398, p = 0.0198) and macrophage (CD68+ cells, rho 0.515, p = 0.0018) cell counts. Interestingly, tNLR correlated positively with oncogenic pathway scores including angiogenesis, matrix remodeling and metastasis, and cytokine and chemokine signaling, as well as myeloid compartment scores (all p < 0.001). In patients with documented response assessment to first-line chemotherapy, these pathway scores were all significantly higher in non-responders (47%) compared to responders. In conclusion, systemic and local immune responses may inform chemotherapy response and clinical outcomes in angiosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Grace Fangmin Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joe Yeong
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Wee Ong
- Integrated Genomics Platform, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dave Yong Xiang Ng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanna Koh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cedric Chuan-Young Ng
- Integrated Genomics Platform, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Yi Lee
- Integrated Genomics Platform, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Liu
- Integrated Genomics Platform, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ru Xin Wong
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin-Ann Johnny Ong
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohamad Farid
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khee Chee Soo
- Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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31
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Ali S, Borin TF, Piranlioglu R, Ara R, Lebedyeva I, Angara K, Achyut BR, Arbab AS, Rashid MH. Changes in the tumor microenvironment and outcome for TME-targeting therapy in glioblastoma: A pilot study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246646. [PMID: 33544755 PMCID: PMC7864405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a hypervascular and aggressive primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Recent investigations showed that traditional therapies along with antiangiogenic therapies failed due to the development of post-therapy resistance and recurrence. Previous investigations showed that there were changes in the cellular and metabolic compositions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). It can be said that tumor cell-directed therapies are ineffective and rethinking is needed how to treat GBM. It is hypothesized that the composition of TME-associated cells will be different based on the therapy and therapeutic agents, and TME-targeting therapy will be better to decrease recurrence and improve survival. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the changes in the TME in respect of T-cell population, M1 and M2 macrophage polarization status, and MDSC population following different treatments in a syngeneic model of GBM. In addition to these parameters, tumor growth and survival were also studied following different treatments. The results showed that changes in the TME-associated cells were dependent on the therapeutic agents, and the TME-targeting therapy improved the survival of the GBM bearing animals. The current GBM therapies should be revisited to add agents to prevent the accumulation of bone marrow-derived cells in the TME or to prevent the effect of immune-suppressive myeloid cells in causing alternative neovascularization, the revival of glioma stem cells, and recurrence. Instead of concurrent therapy, a sequential strategy would be better to target TME-associated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehar Ali
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis Initiative, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Thaiz F. Borin
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis Initiative, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Raziye Piranlioglu
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis Initiative, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Roxan Ara
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis Initiative, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Iryna Lebedyeva
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kartik Angara
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bhagelu R. Achyut
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ali Syed Arbab
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis Initiative, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ASA); (MHR)
| | - Mohammad H. Rashid
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis Initiative, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ASA); (MHR)
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Kabashima A, Shimada S, Shimokawa M, Akiyama Y, Tanabe M, Tanaka S. Molecular and immunological paradigms of hepatocellular carcinoma: Special reference to therapeutic approaches. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2021; 28:62-75. [PMID: 33259135 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multistep process with a complex interaction of various genetic backgrounds and the tumor microenvironment. In addition to the development of rational approaches to epidemiologic research, early detection, and diagnosis, considerable progress has been made in systemic treatment with molecular-targeted agents for patients with advanced HCC. Moreover, encouraging reports of recent clinical trials of combination therapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has raised high hopes. Each HCC is the result of a unique combination of somatic alterations, including genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and metabolic events, leading to conclusive tumoral heterogeneity. Recent advances in comprehensive genetic analysis have accelerated molecular classification and defined subtypes with specific characteristics, including immune-associated molecular profiles reflecting the immune reactivity in the tumor. In considering the development of therapeutic strategies in combination with immunotherapy, proper interpretation of molecular pathological characterization could lead to effective therapeutic deployment and enable individualization of the management of HCC. Here, we review distinctive molecular alterations in the subtype classification of HCC, current therapies, and representative clinical trials with alternative immune-combination approaches from a molecular pathological point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Kabashima
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Shimada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shimokawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Regulation of Treg Functions by the Ubiquitin Pathway. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1278:47-62. [PMID: 33523442 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Tregs) cells, required to maintain immune homeostasis, have significant power in disease outcomes. Treg dysfunction, predominantly characterized by the loss of the master transcription factor FoxP3 and the acquisition of Teff-like phenotypes, can promote autoimmunity as well as enhance anti-tumor immunity. As FoxP3 expression and stability are pinnacle for Treg suppressive functions, understanding the pathways that regulate FoxP3 is crucial to ascertain Treg-mediated therapies for autoimmune diseases and cancer. Mechanisms controlling FoxP3 expression and stability range from transcriptional to posttranslational, revealing multiple therapeutic opportunities. While many of the transcriptional pathways have been explored in detail, a recent surge in interest on the posttranslational mechanisms regulating FoxP3 has arisen. Particularly, the role of ubiquitination on Tregs both directly and indirectly involving FoxP3 has gained interest. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on ubiquitin-dependent, FoxP3-mediated control of Treg function as it pertains to human diseases.
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Kiss M, Vande Walle L, Saavedra PHV, Lebegge E, Van Damme H, Murgaski A, Qian J, Ehling M, Pretto S, Bolli E, Keirsse J, Bardet PMR, Arnouk SM, Elkrim Y, Schmoetten M, Brughmans J, Debraekeleer A, Fossoul A, Boon L, Raes G, van Loo G, Lambrechts D, Mazzone M, Beschin A, Wullaert A, Lamkanfi M, Van Ginderachter JA, Laoui D. IL1β Promotes Immune Suppression in the Tumor Microenvironment Independent of the Inflammasome and Gasdermin D. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 9:309-323. [PMID: 33361087 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IL1β is a central mediator of inflammation. Secretion of IL1β typically requires proteolytic maturation by the inflammasome and formation of membrane pores by gasdermin D (GSDMD). Emerging evidence suggests an important role for IL1β in promoting cancer progression in patients, but the underlying mechanisms are ill-defined. Here, we have shown a key role for IL1β in driving tumor progression in two distinct mouse tumor models. Notably, activation of the inflammasome, caspase-8, as well as the pore-forming proteins GSDMD and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein in the host were dispensable for the release of intratumoral bioactive IL1β. Inflammasome-independent IL1β release promoted systemic neutrophil expansion and fostered accumulation of T-cell-suppressive neutrophils in the tumor. Moreover, IL1β was essential for neutrophil infiltration triggered by antiangiogenic therapy, thereby contributing to treatment-induced immunosuppression. Deletion of IL1β allowed intratumoral accumulation of CD8+ effector T cells that subsequently activated tumor-associated macrophages. Depletion of either CD8+ T cells or macrophages abolished tumor growth inhibition in IL1β-deficient mice, demonstrating a crucial role for CD8+ T-cell-macrophage cross-talk in the antitumor immune response. Overall, these results support a tumor-promoting role for IL1β through establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment and show that inflammasome activation is not essential for release of this cytokine in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Kiss
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieselotte Vande Walle
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pedro H V Saavedra
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Lebegge
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helena Van Damme
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aleksandar Murgaski
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Junbin Qian
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuel Ehling
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samantha Pretto
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evangelia Bolli
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jiri Keirsse
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline M R Bardet
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sana M Arnouk
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvon Elkrim
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maryse Schmoetten
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Brughmans
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ayla Debraekeleer
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amelie Fossoul
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louis Boon
- Polpharma Biologics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geert Raes
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alain Beschin
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andy Wullaert
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium. .,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Damya Laoui
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium. .,Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Kouzeli A, Collins PJ, Metzemaekers M, Meyrath M, Szpakowska M, Artinger M, Struyf S, Proost P, Chevigne A, Legler DF, Eberl M, Moser B. CXCL14 Preferentially Synergizes With Homeostatic Chemokine Receptor Systems. Front Immunol 2020; 11:561404. [PMID: 33123134 PMCID: PMC7570948 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reflecting their importance in immunity, the activity of chemokines is regulated on several levels, including tissue and context-specific expression and availability of their cognate receptor on target cells. Chemokine synergism, affecting both chemokine and chemokine receptor function, has emerged as an additional control mechanism. We previously demonstrated that CXCL14 is a positive allosteric modulator of CXCR4 in its ability to synergize with CXCL12 in diverse cellular responses. Here, we have extended our study to additional homeostatic, as well as a selection of inflammatory chemokine systems. We report that CXCL14 strongly synergizes with low (sub-active) concentrations of CXCL13 and CCL19/CCL21 in in vitro chemotaxis with immune cells expressing the corresponding receptors CXCR5 and CCR7, respectively. CXCL14 by itself was inactive, not only on cells expressing CXCR5 or CCR7 but also on cells expressing any other known conventional or atypical chemokine receptor, as assessed by chemotaxis and/or β-arrestin recruitment assays. Furthermore, synergistic migration responses between CXCL14 and inflammatory chemokines CXCL10/CXCL11 and CCL5, targeting CXCR3 and CCR5, respectively, were marginal and occasional synergistic Ca2+ flux responses were observed. CXCL14 bound to 300-19 cells and interfered with CCL19 binding to CCR7-expressing cells, suggesting that these cellular interactions contributed to the reported CXCL14-mediated synergistic activities. We propose a model whereby tissue-expressed CXCL14 contributes to cell localization under steady-state conditions at sites with prominent expression of homeostatic chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadni Kouzeli
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Collins
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Max Meyrath
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Artinger
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andy Chevigne
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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36
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Xu J, Shen L, Zhou Z, Li J, Bai C, Chi Y, Li Z, Xu N, Li E, Liu T, Bai Y, Yuan Y, Li X, Wang X, Chen J, Ying J, Yu X, Qin S, Yuan X, Zhang T, Deng Y, Xiu D, Cheng Y, Tao M, Jia R, Wang W, Li J, Fan S, Peng M, Su W. Surufatinib in advanced extrapancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (SANET-ep): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21:1500-1512. [PMID: 32966811 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic options for advanced neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are limited. We investigated the efficacy and safety of surufatinib (HMPL-012, sulfatinib) in patients with extrapancreatic NETs. METHODS SANET-ep was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial undertaken at 24 hospitals across China. Patients (aged 18 years or older) with unresectable or metastatic, well differentiated, extrapancreatic NETs, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1, and progression on no more than two types of previous systemic regimens were enrolled. Patients were centrally randomly assigned (2:1) using stratified block randomisation (block size 3) via an interactive web response system to receive oral surufatinib at 300 mg per day or matching placebo. Randomisation was stratified by tumour origin, pathological grade, and previous treatment. Patients, investigators, research staff and the sponsor study team were masked to treatment allocation. Crossover to the surufatinib group was allowed for patients in the placebo group at disease progression. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival, which was analysed in the intention-to-treat population. A preplanned interim analysis was done at 70% of predicted progression-free survival events. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02588170. Follow-up is ongoing. FINDINGS Between Dec 9, 2015, and March 31, 2019, 198 patients were randomly assigned to surufatinib (n=129) or placebo (n=69). Median follow-up was 13·8 months (95% CI 11·1-16·7) in the surufatinib group and 16·6 months (9·2-not calculable) in the placebo group. Investigator-assessed median progression-free survival was 9·2 months (95% CI 7·4-11·1) in the surufatinib group versus 3·8 months (3·7-5·7) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·33; 95% CI 0·22-0·50; p<0·0001). As the trial met the predefined criteria for early discontinuation of the study at the interim analysis, the study was terminated early, as recommended by the independent data monitoring committee. The most common treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or worse were hypertension (47 [36%] of 129 patients in the surufatinib group vs nine [13%] of 68 patients in the placebo group) and proteinuria (25 [19%] vs zero). Treatment-related serious adverse events were reported in 32 (25%) of 129 patients in the surufatinib group and nine (13%) of 68 patients in the placebo group. Treatment-related deaths occurred in three patients in the surufatinib group (disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatic encephalopathy, liver injury, and death with unknown reason) and one patient in the placebo group (cachexia and respiratory failure). INTERPRETATION Progression-free survival was significantly longer in patients given surufatinib compared with patients given placebo, and surufatinib has a favourable benefit-to-risk profile in patients with progressive, advanced, well differentiated extrapancreatic NETs. Our results suggest that surufatinib might be a new treatment option for this population. FUNDING Hutchison MediPharma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Department of Gastric Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yihebali Chi
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nong Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enxiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxian Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingya Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieer Ying
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shukui Qin
- People's Liberation Army Cancer Center of Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases l, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianrong Xiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ru Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Development and Regulatory Affairs, Hutchison MediPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Songhua Fan
- Department of Clinical Development and Regulatory Affairs, Hutchison MediPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengye Peng
- Department of Clinical Development and Regulatory Affairs, Hutchison MediPharma, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Su
- Department of Clinical Development and Regulatory Affairs, Hutchison MediPharma, Shanghai, China
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Lee WS, Yang H, Chon HJ, Kim C. Combination of anti-angiogenic therapy and immune checkpoint blockade normalizes vascular-immune crosstalk to potentiate cancer immunity. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1475-1485. [PMID: 32913278 PMCID: PMC8080646 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of advanced cancers. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) functions as a formidable barrier that severely impairs the efficacy of ICIs. While the crosstalk between tumor vessels and immune cells determines the nature of anti-tumor immunity, it is skewed toward a destructive cycle in growing tumors. First, the disorganized tumor vessels hinder CD8+ T cell trafficking into the TME, disable effector functions, and even kill T cells. Moreover, VEGF, the key driver of angiogenesis, interferes with the maturation of dendritic cells, thereby suppressing T cell priming, and VEGF also induces TOX-mediated exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. Meanwhile, a variety of innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to the malformation of tumor vessels. Protumoral M2-like macrophages as well as TH2 and Treg cells secrete pro-angiogenic factors that accelerate uncontrolled angiogenesis and promote vascular immaturity. While CD8+ T and CD4+ TH1 cells suppress angiogenesis and induce vascular maturation by secreting IFN-γ, they are unable to infiltrate the TME due to malformed tumor vessels. These findings led to preclinical studies that demonstrated that simultaneous targeting of tumor vessels and immunity is a viable strategy to normalize aberrant vascular-immune crosstalk and potentiate cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, this combination strategy has been evidently demonstrated through recent pivotal clinical trials, granted approval from FDA, and is now being used in patients with kidney, liver, lung, or uterine cancer. Overall, combining anti-angiogenic therapy and ICI is a valid therapeutic strategy that can enhance cancer immunity and will further expand the landscape of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Suk Lee
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hannah Yang
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hong Jae Chon
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea. .,Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Chan Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea. .,Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
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38
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Song Y, Fu Y, Xie Q, Zhu B, Wang J, Zhang B. Anti-angiogenic Agents in Combination With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Promising Strategy for Cancer Treatment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1956. [PMID: 32983126 PMCID: PMC7477085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer immunity have promoted a major breakthrough in the field of cancer therapy. This is mainly associated with the successful development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for multiple types of human tumors. Blockade with different ICIs, including programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, may activate the immune system of the host against malignant cells. However, only a subgroup of patients with cancer would benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. Some patients experience primary resistance to initial immunotherapy, and a majority eventually develop acquired resistance to ICIs. However, the mechanisms involved in the development of drug resistance to immune checkpoint blockade remain unclear. Recent studies supported that combination of ICIs and anti-angiogenic agents could be a promising therapeutic strategy for overcoming the low efficacy of ICIs. Moreover, through their direct anti-cancer effect by inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis, anti-angiogenic drugs reprogram the tumor milieu from an immunosuppressive to an immune permissive microenvironment. Activated immunity by immune checkpoint blockade also facilitates anti-angiogenesis by downregulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and alleviating hypoxia condition. Many clinical trials showed an improved anti-cancer efficacy and prolonged survival following the addition of anti-angiogenic agents to ICIs. This review summarizes the current understanding and clinical development of combination therapy with immune checkpoint blockade and anti-angiogenic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Song
- Cancer Center, Hubei Provincial Research Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Hospital, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Medical Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bicheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Hubei Provincial Research Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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39
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Guo F, Cui J. Anti-angiogenesis: Opening a new window for immunotherapy. Life Sci 2020; 258:118163. [PMID: 32738363 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) provides a guarantee for the survival and development of solid tumors. In recent years, treatment strategies for TME have set off a great upsurge in the field of cancer research. Tumor angiogenesis and tumor immune microenvironment are two important research branches of TME, and antiangiogenic therapy and immunotherapy have gradually become one important focus of cancer treatment research. More interestingly, increasing number of studies have indicated that there are complex regulatory interactions between the two treatment strategies, with multiple regulatory mechanisms involved. Based on these findings, clinical studies on the combination of immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy have also been carried out gradually. This combination strategy has shown good results in many types of tumors, but it also faces many challenges. The paper analysed the potential mechanism of the immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy combination, discussed the latest significant clinical trial progress and the existing challenges and problems, aiming to offer some available insights on the effective clinical application of this combination pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Guo
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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40
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Yang Y, Li L, Jiang Z, Wang B, Pan Z. Anlotinib optimizes anti-tumor innate immunity to potentiate the therapeutic effect of PD-1 blockade in lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:2523-2532. [PMID: 32577817 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many anti-angiogenic agents have the potential to modulate the tumor microenvironment and improve immunotherapy. Anlotinib has demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in third-line clinical trials. However, its roles in immune regulation and potentially synergistic anti-tumor effect in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition remain unclear. METHODS Here, based on a syngeneic lung cancer mouse model, the intratumoral immunological changes post-anlotinib treatment in the model were assessed. Furthermore, it was tested whether anlotinib could enhance the anti-tumor effect of αPD-1 in vivo. RESULTS This study shows that anlotinib increased infiltration of the innate immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, and antigen-presenting cells (APC), which include M1-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and dendritic cells (DC), whereas the percentage of M2-like TAM was dramatically reduced. Subsequently, when combined with PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death 1/PD-1 ligand 1) blockade, anlotinib conferred significantly synergistic therapeutic benefits. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings describe a role for anlotinib in the innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and a potentially synergistic anti-tumor combination with immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinli Yang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhansheng Jiang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanyu Pan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
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p110δ PI3K as a therapeutic target of solid tumours. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1377-1397. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20190772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFrom the time of first characterization of PI3K as a heterodimer made up of a p110 catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit, a wealth of evidence have placed the class IA PI3Ks at the forefront of drug development for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. The p110α isoform was quickly brought at the centre of attention in the field of cancer research by the discovery of cancer-specific gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CA gene in a range of human solid tumours. In contrast, p110δ PI3K was placed into the spotlight of immunity, inflammation and haematologic malignancies because of the preferential expression of this isoform in leucocytes and the rare mutations in PIK3CD gene. The last decade, however, several studies have provided evidence showing that the correlation between the PIK3CA mutations and the response to PI3K inhibition is less clear than originally considered, whereas concurrently an unexpected role of p110δ PI3K in solid tumours has being emerging. While PIK3CD is mostly non-mutated in cancer, the expression levels of p110δ protein seem to act as an intrinsic cancer-causing driver in various solid tumours including breast, prostate, colorectal and liver cancer, Merkel-Cell carcinoma, glioblastoma and neurobalstoma. Furthermore, p110δ selective inhibitors are being studied as potential single agent treatments or as combination partners in attempt to improve cancer immunotherapy, with both strategies to shown great promise for the treatment of several solid tumours. In this review, we discuss the evidence implicating the p110δ PI3K in human solid tumours, their impact on the current state of the field and the potential of using p110δ-selective inhibitors as monotherapy or combined therapy in different cancer contexts.
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Ciner AT, Jones K, Muschel RJ, Brodt P. The unique immune microenvironment of liver metastases: Challenges and opportunities. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 71:143-156. [PMID: 32526354 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastases from gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal malignancies remain a major cause of cancer-related mortality and a major clinical challenge. The liver has unique properties that facilitate metastatic expansion, including a complex immune system that evolved to dampen immunity to neoantigens entering the liver from the gut, through the portal circulation. In this review, we describe the unique microenvironment encountered by cancer cells in the liver, focusing on elements of the innate and adaptive immune response that can act as a double-edge sword, contributing to the elimination of cancer cells on the one hand and promoting their survival and growth, on the other. We discuss this microenvironment in a clinical context, particularly for colorectal carcinoma, and highlight how a better understanding of the role of the microenvironment has spurred an intense effort to develop novel and innovative strategies for targeting liver metastatic disease, some of which are currently being tested in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Ciner
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Keaton Jones
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth J Muschel
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Departments of Surgery, Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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43
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Fan G, Wei X, Xu X. Is the era of sorafenib over? A review of the literature. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920927602. [PMID: 32518599 PMCID: PMC7252361 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920927602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most severe diseases worldwide. For the different stages of HCC, there are different clinical treatment strategies, such as surgical therapy for the early stage, and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) for intermediate-stage disease. Systemic treatment, which uses mainly targeted drugs, is the standard therapy against advanced HCC. Sorafenib is an important first-line therapy for advanced HCC. As a classically effective drug, sorafenib can increase overall survival markedly. However, it still has room for improvement because of the heterogeneity of HCC and acquired resistance. Scientists have reported the acquired sorafenib resistance is associated with the anomalous expression of certain genes, most of which are also related with HCC onset and development. Combining sorafenib with inhibitors targeting these genes may be an effective treatment. Combined treatment may not only overcome drug resistance, but also inhibit the expression of carcinoma-related genes. This review focuses on the current status of sorafenib in advanced HCC, summarizes the inhibitors that can combine with sorafenib in the treatment against HCC, and provides the rationale for clinical trials of sorafenib in combination with other inhibitors in HCC. The era of sorafenib in the treatment of HCC is far from over, as long as we find better methods of medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghan Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, CAMS; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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44
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Westrich JA, Vermeer DW, Colbert PL, Spanos WC, Pyeon D. The multifarious roles of the chemokine CXCL14 in cancer progression and immune responses. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:794-806. [PMID: 32212206 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL14 is a highly conserved, homeostatic chemokine that is constitutively expressed in skin epithelia. Responsible for immune cell recruitment and maturation, as well as impacting epithelial cell motility, CXCL14 contributes to the establishment of immune surveillance within normal epithelial layers. Furthermore, CXCL14 is critical to upregulating major histocompatibility complex class I expression on tumor cells. Given these important roles, CXCL14 is often dysregulated in several types of carcinomas including cervical, colorectal, endometrial, and head and neck cancers. Its disruption has been shown to limit critical antitumor immune regulation and is correlated to poor patient prognosis. However, other studies have found that in certain cancers, namely pancreatic and some breast cancers, overexpression of stromal CXCL14 correlates with poor patient survival due to increased invasiveness. Contributing to the ambiguity CXCL14 plays in cancer is that the native CXCL14 receptor remains uncharacterized, although several candidate receptors have been proposed. Despite the complexity of CXCL14 functions, it remains clear that this chemokine is a key regulatory factor in cancer and represents a potential target for future cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Westrich
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel W Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Paul L Colbert
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - William C Spanos
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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45
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Beltraminelli T, De Palma M. Biology and therapeutic targeting of tumour-associated macrophages. J Pathol 2020; 250:573-592. [PMID: 32086811 DOI: 10.1002/path.5403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages sustain tumour progression by facilitating angiogenesis, promoting immunosuppression, and enhancing cancer cell invasion and metastasis. They also modulate tumour response to anti-cancer therapy in pre-clinical models. This knowledge has motivated the development of agents that target tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), some of which have been investigated in early clinical trials. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the biology and therapeutic targeting of TAMs, highlighting opportunities, setbacks, and new challenges that have emerged after a decade of intense translational and clinical research into these multifaceted immune cells. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Beltraminelli
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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46
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Bieniasz-Krzywiec P, Mazzone M. PoEMs edit breast cancer outcome. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4045-4047. [PMID: 32200358 PMCID: PMC7093187 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Bieniasz-Krzywiec
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B3000, Belgium.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B3000, Belgium.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium
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47
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de la Torre P, Pérez-Lorenzo MJ, Alcázar-Garrido Á, Flores AI. Cell-Based Nanoparticles Delivery Systems for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Lessons from Anti-Angiogenesis Treatments. Molecules 2020; 25:E715. [PMID: 32046010 PMCID: PMC7038177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The main strategy of cancer treatment has focused on attacking the tumor cells. Some cancers initially responsive to chemotherapy become treatment-resistant. Another strategy is to block the formation of tumor vessels. However, tumors also become resistant to anti-angiogenic treatments, mostly due to other cells and factors present in the tumor microenvironment, and hypoxia in the central part of the tumor. The need for new cancer therapies is significant. The use of nanoparticle-based therapy will improve therapeutic efficacy and targeting, while reducing toxicity. However, due to inefficient accumulation in tumor sites, clearance by reticuloendothelial organs and toxicity, internalization or conjugation of drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can increase efficacy by actively delivering them into the tumor microenvironment. Nanoengineering MSCs with drug-loaded NPs can increase the drug payload delivered to tumor sites due to the migratory and homing abilities of MSCs. However, MSCs have some disadvantages, and exosomes and membranes from different cell types can be used to transport drug-loaded NPs actively to tumors. This review gives an overview of different cancer approaches, with a focus on hypoxia and the emergence of NPs as drug-delivery systems and MSCs as cellular vehicles for targeted delivery due to their tumor-homing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana I. Flores
- Grupo de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas 12), Avda. de Cordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (P.d.l.T.); (M.J.P.-L.)
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48
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Faivre S, Rimassa L, Finn RS. Molecular therapies for HCC: Looking outside the box. J Hepatol 2020; 72:342-352. [PMID: 31954496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, sorafenib has been the only systemic agent with proven clinical efficacy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, lenvatinib was shown to be non-inferior to sorafenib, while regorafenib, cabozantinib, and ramucirumab were shown to be superior to placebo in patients failing sorafenib. In addition, trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors reported encouraging efficacy signals. However, apart from alpha-fetoprotein, which is used to select patients for ramucirumab, no biomarkers are available to identify patients that may respond to a specific treatment. Different synergisms have been postulated based on the potential interplay between antiangiogenic drugs and immunotherapy, with several clinical trials currently testing this hypothesis. Indeed, encouraging preliminary results of phase I studies of bevacizumab plus atezolizumab and lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab have led to the design of ongoing phase III trials, including both antiangiogenics and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the front-line setting. Other important phase II studies have tested molecular therapies directed against different novel targets, such as transforming growth factor-beta, MET (hepatocyte growth factor receptor), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4. These studies integrated translational research with the aim of better defining the biological tumour profile and identifying tumour and blood biomarkers that select patients who may really benefit from a specific molecular therapy. Importantly, good safety profiles make these drugs suitable for future combinations. In this review, we discuss the most recent data on novel combination strategies and targets, as well as looking ahead to the future role of molecular therapies in the treatment of patients with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano (Milan), Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (Milan), Italy.
| | - Richard S Finn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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49
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Fan J, Chen W, Luan J, Mei X, Wang S, Li Y, Ye L, Li S, Tian W, Yin K, Ju D. Blocking CD47 efficiently potentiated therapeutic effects of anti-angiogenic therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:346. [PMID: 31829270 PMCID: PMC6907216 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitors targeting VEGF and VEGFR are commonly used in the clinic, but only a subset of patients could benefit from these inhibitors and the efficacy was limited by multiple relapse mechanisms. In this work, we aimed to investigate the role of innate immune response in anti-angiogenic therapy and explore efficient therapeutic strategies to enhance efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Three NSCLC tumor models with responses to VEGF inhibitors were designed to determine innate immune-related underpinnings of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. Immunofluorescence staining, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and immunoblot analysis were employed to reveal the expression of immune checkpoint regulator CD47 in refractory NSCLC. Metastatic xenograft models and VEGFR1-SIRPα fusion protein were applied to evaluate the therapeutic effect of simultaneous disruption of angiogenetic axis and CD47-SIRPα axis. RESULTS Up-regulation of an innate immunosuppressive pathway, CD47, the ligand of the negative immune checkpoint regulator SIRPα (signal regulatory protein alpha), was observed in NSCLC tumors during anti-angiogenic therapy. Further studies revealed that CD47 upregulation in refractory lung tumor models was mediated by TNF-α/NF-κB1 signal pathway. Targeting CD47 could trigger macrophage-mediated elimination of the relapsed NSCLC cells, eliciting synergistic anti-tumor effect. Moreover, simultaneously targeting VEGF and CD47 by VEGFR1-SIRPα fusion protein induced macrophages infiltration and sensitized NSCLC to angiogenesis inhibitors and CD47 blockade. CONCLUSIONS Our research provided evidence that CD47 blockade could sensitize NSCLC to anti-angiogenic therapy and potentiate its anti-tumor effects by enhancing macrophage infiltration and tumor cell destruction, providing novel therapeutics for NSCLC by disrupting CD47/SIRPα interaction and angiogenetic axis.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation
- Biomarkers
- CD47 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyao Zhang
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Yichen Wang
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingyun Luan
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaobin Mei
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shaofei Wang
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Yubin Li
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Song Li
- ImmuneOnco Biopharma (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 1043 Halei Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- ImmuneOnco Biopharma (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 1043 Halei Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China.
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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50
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Lugano R, Ramachandran M, Dimberg A. Tumor angiogenesis: causes, consequences, challenges and opportunities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 77:1745-1770. [PMID: 31690961 PMCID: PMC7190605 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 830] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor vascularization occurs through several distinct biological processes, which not only vary between tumor type and anatomic location, but also occur simultaneously within the same cancer tissue. These processes are orchestrated by a range of secreted factors and signaling pathways and can involve participation of non-endothelial cells, such as progenitors or cancer stem cells. Anti-angiogenic therapies using either antibodies or tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been approved to treat several types of cancer. However, the benefit of treatment has so far been modest, some patients not responding at all and others acquiring resistance. It is becoming increasingly clear that blocking tumors from accessing the circulation is not an easy task to accomplish. Tumor vessel functionality and gene expression often differ vastly when comparing different cancer subtypes, and vessel phenotype can be markedly heterogeneous within a single tumor. Here, we summarize the current understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in tumor angiogenesis and discuss challenges and opportunities associated with vascular targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lugano
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohanraj Ramachandran
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Dimberg
- The Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
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