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Trinh T, Adams WA, Calescibetta A, Tu N, Dalton R, So T, Wei M, Ward G, Kostenko E, Christiansen S, Cen L, McLemore A, Reed K, Whitting J, Gilvary D, Blanco NL, Segura CM, Nguyen J, Kandell W, Chen X, Cheng P, Wright GM, Cress WD, Liu J, Wright KL, Wei S, Eksioglu EA. CX3CR1 deficiency-induced TIL tumor restriction as a novel addition for CAR-T design in solid malignancies. iScience 2023; 26:106443. [PMID: 37070068 PMCID: PMC10105289 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of the tumor microenvironment have led to development of immunotherapeutic strategies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts). However, despite success in blood malignancies, CAR-T therapies in solid tumors have been hampered by their restricted infiltration. Here, we used our understanding of early cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltration of human lymphocytes in solid tumors in vivo to investigate the receptors in normal, adjacent, and tumor tissues of primary non-small-cell lung cancer specimens. We found that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 reduction restricts cytotoxic cells from the solid-tumor bed, contributing to tumor escape. Based on this, we designed a CAR-T construct using the well-established natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) CAR-T expression together with overexpression of CX3CR1 to promote their infiltration. These CAR-Ts infiltrate tumors at higher rates than control-activated T cells or IL-15-overexpressing NKG2D CAR-Ts. This construct also had similar functionality in a liver-cancer model, demonstrating potential efficacy in other solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- ThuLe Trinh
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - William A. Adams
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra Calescibetta
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nhan Tu
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert Dalton
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tina So
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Max Wei
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Grace Ward
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elena Kostenko
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sean Christiansen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ling Cen
- Bioinformatics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Amy McLemore
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kayla Reed
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Junmin Whitting
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Danielle Gilvary
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Neale Lopez Blanco
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Carlos Moran Segura
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wendy Kandell
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xianghong Chen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pingyan Cheng
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gabriela M. Wright
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - W. Douglas Cress
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jinghong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Wright
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Erika A. Eksioglu
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Control of human cytomegalovirus replication by liver resident natural killer cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1409. [PMID: 36918610 PMCID: PMC10014884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells are considered to be important for control of human cytomegalovirus- a major pathogen in immune suppressed transplant patients. Viral infection promotes the development of an adaptive phenotype in circulating natural killer cells that changes their anti-viral function. In contrast, less is understood how natural killer cells that reside in tissue respond to viral infection. Here we show natural killer cells resident in the liver have an altered phenotype in cytomegalovirus infected individuals and display increased anti-viral activity against multiple viruses in vitro and identify and characterise a subset of natural killer cells responsible for control. Crucially, livers containing natural killer cells with better capacity to control cytomegalovirus replication in vitro are less likely to experience viraemia post-transplant. Taken together, these data suggest that virally induced expansion of tissue resident natural killer cells in the donor organ can reduce the chance of viraemia post-transplant.
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Evaluation of the Mechanism of Jiedu Huazhuo Quyu Formula in Treating Wilson's Disease-Associated Liver Fibrosis by Network Pharmacology Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9363131. [PMID: 35707473 PMCID: PMC9192323 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9363131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Jiedu Huazhuo Quyu formula (JHQ) shows significant beneficial effects against liver fibrosis caused by Wilson's disease (WD). Hence, this study aimed to clarify the mechanisms of the JHQ treatment in WD-associated liver fibrosis. First, we collected 103 active compounds and 527 related targets of JHQ and 1187 targets related to WD-associated liver fibrosis from multiple databases. Next, 113 overlapping genes (OGEs) were obtained. Then, we built a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with Cytoscape 3.7.2 software and performed the Gene Ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses with GENE DENOVO online sites. Furthermore, module analysis was performed, and the core target genes in the JHQ treatment of WD-associated liver fibrosis were obtained. Pathway and functional enrichment analyses, molecular docking studies, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, and Western blot (WB) were then performed. The results indicated that 8 key active compounds including quercetin, luteolin, and obacunone in JHQ might affect the 6 core proteins including CXCL8, MAPK1, and AKT1 and 107 related signaling pathways including EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, and human cytomegalovirus infection signaling pathways to exhibit curative effects on WD-associated liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, JHQ might inhibit liver inflammatory processes and vascular hyperplasia, regulate the cell cycle, and suppress both the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). This study provides novel insights for researchers to systematically explore the mechanism of JHQ in treating WD-associated liver fibrosis.
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Berg C, Wedemeyer MJ, Melynis M, Schlimgen RR, Hansen LH, Våbenø J, Peterson FC, Volkman BF, Rosenkilde MM, Lüttichau HR. The non-ELR CXC chemokine encoded by human cytomegalovirus UL146 genotype 5 contains a C-terminal β-hairpin and induces neutrophil migration as a selective CXCR2 agonist. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010355. [PMID: 35271688 PMCID: PMC8939814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major pathogen in immunocompromised patients. The UL146 gene exists as 14 diverse genotypes among clinical isolates, which encode 14 different CXC chemokines. One genotype (vCXCL1GT1) is a known agonist for CXCR1 and CXCR2, while two others (vCXCL1GT5 and vCXCL1GT6) lack the ELR motif considered crucial for CXCR1 and CXCR2 binding, thus suggesting another receptor targeting profile. To determine the receptor target for vCXCL1GT5, the chemokine was probed in a G protein signaling assay on all 18 classical human chemokine receptors, where CXCR2 was the only receptor being activated. In addition, vCXCL1GT5 recruited β-arrestin in a BRET-based assay and induced migration in a chemotaxis assay through CXCR2, but not CXCR1. In contrast, vCXCL1GT1 stimulated G protein signaling, recruited β-arrestin and induced migration through both CXCR1 and CXCR2. Both vCXCL1GT1 and vCXCL1GT5 induced equally potent and efficacious migration of neutrophils, and ELR vCXCL1GT4 and non-ELR vCXCL1GT6 activated only CXCR2. In contrast to most human chemokines, the 14 UL146 genotypes have remarkably long C-termini. Comparative modeling using Rosetta showed that each genotype could adopt the classic chemokine core structure, and predicted that the extended C-terminal tail of several genotypes (including vCXCL1GT1, vCXCL1GT4, vCXCL1GT5, and vCXCL1GT6) forms a novel β-hairpin not found in human chemokines. Secondary NMR shift and TALOS+ analysis of vCXCL1GT1 supported the existence of two stable β-strands. C-terminal deletion of vCXCL1GT1 resulted in a non-functional protein and in a shift to solvent exposure for tryptophan residues likely due to destabilization of the chemokine fold. The results demonstrate that non-ELR chemokines can activate CXCR2 and suggest that the UL146 chemokines have unique C-terminal structures that stabilize the chemokine fold. Increased knowledge of the structure and interaction partners of the chemokine variants encoded by UL146 is key to understanding why circulating HCMV strains sustain 14 stable genotypes. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a prevalent herpesvirus infecting an estimated 60% of the human population worldwide. It is commonly transmitted during early childhood and leads to life-long latency, where viral reactivation can cause severe complications in case of host immune suppression. Furthermore, HCMV is the leading cause of congenital infections. Circulating HCMV strains exhibit great genetic diversity unusual for DNA viruses. One of its most diverse genes is UL146, which encodes a chemokine that facilitates viral dissemination by exploiting the human immune system through mimicry of key immunity components. In this study, we investigate how the diversity of UL146 affects its signaling and structural properties to understand why its genetic diversity is maintained across human populations. We find that certain genotypes that lack key structural domains present in the human homologs nonetheless exert similar functions in the virus-host relationship. Furthermore, many of the UL146 genotypes contain novel structural elements critical for correct protein folding and with the potential to provide HCMV with additional immune modulatory and evasive features. Together, our data highlight a considerable degree of host-adaptation by HCMV and propose novel structural interactions with implications for the virus-host interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Berg
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Unit for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Michael J. Wedemeyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Motiejus Melynis
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roman R. Schlimgen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lasse H. Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jon Våbenø
- Helgeland Hospital Trust, Sandnessjøen, Norway
| | - Francis C. Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brian F. Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mette M. Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (MMR); (HRL)
| | - Hans R. Lüttichau
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Unit for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- * E-mail: (MMR); (HRL)
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Cho E, Theall B, Stampley J, Granger J, Johannsen NM, Irving BA, Spielmann G. Cytomegalovirus Infection Impairs the Mobilization of Tissue-Resident Innate Lymphoid Cells into the Peripheral Blood Compartment in Response to Acute Exercise. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081535. [PMID: 34452400 PMCID: PMC8402764 DOI: 10.3390/v13081535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating immune cell numbers and phenotypes are impacted by high-intensity acute bouts of exercise and infection history with the latent herpesviruses cytomegalovirus (CMV). In particular, CMV infection history impairs the exercise-induced mobilization of cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells 1 (ILC1) cells, also known as NK cells, in the blood. However, it remains unknown whether exercise and CMV infection modulate the mobilization of traditionally tissue-resident non-cytotoxic ILCs into the peripheral blood compartment. To address this question, 22 healthy individuals with or without CMV (20–35 years—45% CMVpos) completed 30 min of cycling at 70% VO2 max, and detailed phenotypic analysis of circulating ILCs was performed at rest and immediately post-exercise. We show for the first time that a bout of high-intensity exercise is associated with an influx of ILCs that are traditionally regarded as tissue-resident. In addition, this is the first study to highlight that latent CMV infection blunts the exercise-response of total ILCs and progenitor ILCs (ILCPs). These promising data suggest that acute exercise facilitates the circulation of certain ILC subsets, further advocating for the improvements in health seen with exercise by enhancing cellular mobilization and immunosurveillance, while also highlighting the indirect deleterious effects of CMV infection in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhan Cho
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (E.C.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (J.G.); (N.M.J.); (B.A.I.)
| | - Bailey Theall
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (E.C.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (J.G.); (N.M.J.); (B.A.I.)
| | - James Stampley
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (E.C.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (J.G.); (N.M.J.); (B.A.I.)
| | - Joshua Granger
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (E.C.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (J.G.); (N.M.J.); (B.A.I.)
| | - Neil M. Johannsen
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (E.C.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (J.G.); (N.M.J.); (B.A.I.)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Brian A. Irving
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (E.C.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (J.G.); (N.M.J.); (B.A.I.)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Guillaume Spielmann
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (E.C.); (B.T.); (J.S.); (J.G.); (N.M.J.); (B.A.I.)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- Correspondence:
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Shhadeh A, Galaski J, Alon-Maimon T, Fahoum J, Wiener R, Slade DJ, Mandelboim O, Bachrach G. CEACAM1 Activation by CbpF-Expressing E. coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:699015. [PMID: 34395310 PMCID: PMC8358318 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.699015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on the oral, anaerobic, gram-negative bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum revealed its presence and involvement in colorectal, esophageal and breast cancer. We previously demonstrated that F. nucleatum binds and activates the human inhibitory receptors TIGIT and CEACAM1 leading to inhibition of T and NK cell anti-tumor immunity. CEACAM1 was found to be bound and activated by the fusobacterial trimeric autotransporter adhesin CbpF. Here we report the generation of a recombinant E. coli expressing full-length CbpF that efficiently binds and activates CEACAM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Shhadeh
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Johanna Galaski
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.,I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tamar Alon-Maimon
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jamal Fahoum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reuven Wiener
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel J Slade
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Bachrach
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Elias S, Kol I, Kahlon S, Amore R, Zeibak M, Mevorach D, Elchalal U, Zelig O, Mandelboim O. Anti-RhD antibody therapy modulates human natural killer cell function. Haematologica 2021; 106:1846-1856. [PMID: 32467141 PMCID: PMC8252960 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.238097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-RhD antibodies are widely used in clinical practice to prevent immunization against RhD, principally in hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Intriguingly, this disease is induced by production of the very same antibodies when an RhD negative woman is pregnant with an RhD positive fetus. Despite over five decades of use, the mechanism of this treatment is, surprisingly, still unclear. Here we show that anti-RhD antibodies induce human natural killer (NK) cell degranulation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that NK cell degranulation is mediated by binding of the Fc segment of anti-RhD antibodies to CD16, the main Fcγ receptor expressed on NK cells. We found that this CD16 activation is dependent upon glycosylation of the anti-RhD antibodies. Furthermore, we show that anti-RhD antibodies induce NK cell degranulation in vivo in patients who receive this treatment prophylactically. Finally, we demonstrate that the anti-RhD drug KamRho enhances the killing of dendritic cells. We suggest that this killing leads to reduced activation of adaptive immunity and may therefore affect the production of anti-RhD antibodies
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Elias
- The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Inbal Kol
- The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shira Kahlon
- The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rajaa Amore
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mariam Zeibak
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Mevorach
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Uriel Elchalal
- Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Zelig
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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8
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Yao X, Matosevic S. Chemokine networks modulating natural killer cell trafficking to solid tumors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:36-45. [PMID: 33495094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell-based cell therapy has been emerging as a powerful weapon in the treatment of multiple malignancies. However, the inadequate infiltration of the therapeutic NK cells into solid tumors remains a big challenge to their clinical utility. Chemokine networks, which play essential roles in the migration of lymphocytes, have been recognized as critical in driving the intratumoral infiltration of NK cells via interactions between soluble chemokines and their receptors. Often, such interactions are complex and disease-specific. In the context of NK cells, chemokine receptors of note have included CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, CXCR3, and CX3CR1. The immunobiology of chemokine-receptor interactions has fueled the development of approaches that hope to improve the infiltration of NK cells into the microenvironment of solid tumors. Stimulation of NK cells ex vivo in the presence of various cytokines (such as IL-2, IL-15, and IL-21) and genetic engineering of NK cells have been utilized to alter the chemokine receptor profile and generate NK cells with higher infiltrating capacity. Additionally, the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment has also been targeted, by introducing, either directly or indirectly, chemokine ligands which NK cells are able to respond to, ultimately creating a more hospitable niche for NK cell trafficking. Such strategies have promoted the infiltration and activity of infused NK cells into multiple solid tumors. In this review, we discuss how chemokine receptors and their ligands coordinate and how they can be manipulated to regulate the trafficking, distribution, and residence of NK cells in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yao
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sandro Matosevic
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA.
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Chinta P, Garcia EC, Tajuddin KH, Akhidenor N, Davis A, Faure L, Spencer JV. Control of Cytokines in Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100858. [PMID: 33096622 PMCID: PMC7589642 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has evolved a number of mechanisms for long-term co-existence within its host. HCMV infects a wide range of cell types, including fibroblasts, epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and myeloid progenitor cells. Lytic infection, with the production of infectious progeny virions, occurs in differentiated cell types, while undifferentiated myeloid precursor cells are the primary site of latent infection. The outcome of HCMV infection depends partly on the cell type and differentiation state but is also influenced by the composition of the immune environment. In this review, we discuss the role of early interactions between HCMV and the host immune system, particularly cytokine and chemokine networks, that facilitate the establishment of lifelong latent infection. A better understanding of these cytokine signaling pathways could lead to novel therapeutic targets that might prevent latency or eradicate latently infected cells.
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10
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Hu L, Wen Z, Chen J, Chen Y, Jin L, Shi H, Chen J, Chen J. The cytomegalovirus UL146 gene product vCXCL1 promotes the resistance of hepatic cells to CD8 + T cells through up-regulation of PD-L1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:393-399. [PMID: 32883520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The HCMV (human cytomegalovirus) encodes numerous proteins which function to evade the immune response, which allows the virus to replicate. Exploring the mechanisms of HCMV immune escape helps to find the strategy to inhibit HCMV replicate. CD8+ T cells play a critical role in the immune response to viral pathogens. However, the mechanisms of HCMV to evade the attack by CD8+ T cells remain largely unknown. Viral CXCL1 (vCXCL1) is the production of HCMV UL146 gene. Here, we found that vCXCL1 promoted the resistance of hepatic cells to CD8+ T cells. vCXCL1 increased the levels of PD-L1 protein expression and mRNA expression. VCXCL1 enhanced the binding of STAT3 transcription factor to the promoter of PD-L1 and increased the activity of PD-L1 promoter. Furthermore, down-regulation of PD-L1 reduced the effects of vCXCL1 on the resistance of hepatic cells to CD8+ T cells. Taken together, vCXCL1 promotes the resistance of hepatic cells to CD8+ T cells through up-regulation of PD-L1. This finding might provide a new mechanism of HCMV immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwang Wen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Longteng Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifan Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junya Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Where do we Stand after Decades of Studying Human Cytomegalovirus? Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050685. [PMID: 32397070 PMCID: PMC7284540 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a linear double-stranded DNA betaherpesvirus belonging to the family of Herpesviridae, is characterized by widespread seroprevalence, ranging between 56% and 94%, strictly dependent on the socioeconomic background of the country being considered. Typically, HCMV causes asymptomatic infection in the immunocompetent population, while in immunocompromised individuals or when transmitted vertically from the mother to the fetus it leads to systemic disease with severe complications and high mortality rate. Following primary infection, HCMV establishes a state of latency primarily in myeloid cells, from which it can be reactivated by various inflammatory stimuli. Several studies have shown that HCMV, despite being a DNA virus, is highly prone to genetic variability that strongly influences its replication and dissemination rates as well as cellular tropism. In this scenario, the few currently available drugs for the treatment of HCMV infections are characterized by high toxicity, poor oral bioavailability, and emerging resistance. Here, we review past and current literature that has greatly advanced our understanding of the biology and genetics of HCMV, stressing the urgent need for innovative and safe anti-HCMV therapies and effective vaccines to treat and prevent HCMV infections, particularly in vulnerable populations.
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12
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Yang C, Li Y, Yang Y, Chen Z. Overview of Strategies to Improve Therapy against Tumors Using Natural Killer Cell. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8459496. [PMID: 32411806 PMCID: PMC7201677 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8459496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are lymphocytes with antitumor properties and can directly lyse tumor cells in a non-MHC-restricted manner. However, the tumor microenvironment affects the immune function of NK cells, which leads to immune evasion. This may be related to the pathogenesis of some diseases. Therefore, great efforts have been made to improve the immunotherapy effect of natural killer cells. NK cells from different sources can meet different clinical needs, in order to minimize the inhibition of NK cells and maximize the response potential of NK cells, for example, modification of NK cells can increase the number of NK cells in tumor target area, change the direction of NK cells, and improve their targeting ability to malignant cells. Checkpoint blocking is also a promising strategy for NK cells to kill tumor cells. Combination therapy is another strategy for improving antitumor ability, especially in combination with oncolytic viruses and nanomaterials. In this paper, the mechanisms affecting the activity of NK cells were reviewed, and the therapeutic potential of different basic NK cell strategies in tumor therapy was focused on. The main strategies for improving the immune function of NK cells were described, and some new strategies were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaopin Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
- Experimental Center, The Liwan Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510176, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
- Experimental Center, The Liwan Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510176, China
| | - Yaozhang Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
- Experimental Center, The Liwan Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510176, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
- Experimental Center, The Liwan Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510176, China
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13
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Chen S, Shenk T, Nogalski MT. P2Y2 purinergic receptor modulates virus yield, calcium homeostasis, and cell motility in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18971-18982. [PMID: 31481624 PMCID: PMC6754545 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907562116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) manipulates many aspects of host cell biology to create an intracellular milieu optimally supportive of its replication and spread. Our study reveals that levels of several components of the purinergic signaling system, including the P2Y2 and P2X5 receptors, are elevated in HCMV-infected fibroblasts. Knockdown and drug treatment experiments demonstrated that P2Y2 enhances the yield of virus, whereas P2X5 reduces HCMV production. The HCMV IE1 protein induces P2Y2 expression; and P2Y2-mediated signaling is important for efficient HCMV gene expression, DNA synthesis, and the production of infectious HCMV progeny. P2Y2 cooperates with the viral UL37x1 protein to regulate cystolic Ca2+ levels. P2Y2 also regulates PI3K/Akt signaling and infected cell motility. Thus, P2Y2 functions at multiple points within the viral replication cycle to support the efficient production of HCMV progeny, and it may facilitate in vivo viral spread through its role in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014
| | - Thomas Shenk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014
| | - Maciej T Nogalski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014
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14
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The Human Cytomegalovirus Chemokine vCXCL-1 Modulates Normal Dissemination Kinetics of Murine Cytomegalovirus In Vivo. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.01289-19. [PMID: 31239384 PMCID: PMC6593410 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01289-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An adequate in vivo analysis of HCMV’s viral chemokine vCXCL-1 has been lacking. Here we generate recombinant MCMVs expressing vCXCL-1 to study vCXCL-1 function in vivo using MCMV as a surrogate. We demonstrate that vCXCL-1 increases MCMV dissemination kinetics for both primary and secondary dissemination. Additionally, we provide evidence, that the murine neutrophil is largely a bystander in the mouse’s response to vCXCL-1. We confirm the hypothesis that vCXCL-1 is a HCMV virulence factor. Infection of severely immunocompromised mice with MCMVs expressing vCXCL-1 was lethal in more than 50% of infected animals, while all animals infected with parental virus survived during a 12-day period. This work provides needed insights into vCXCL-1 function in vivo. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a betaherpesvirus that is a significant pathogen within newborn and immunocompromised populations. Morbidity associated with HCMV infection is the consequence of viral dissemination. HCMV has evolved to manipulate the host immune system to enhance viral dissemination and ensure long-term survival within the host. The immunomodulatory protein vCXCL-1, a viral chemokine functioning primarily through the CXCR2 chemokine receptor, is hypothesized to attract CXCR2+ neutrophils to infection sites, aiding viral dissemination. Neutrophils harbor HCMV in vivo; however, the interaction between vCXCL-1 and the neutrophil has not been evaluated in vivo. Using the mouse model and mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection, we show that murine neutrophils harbor and transfer infectious MCMV and that virus replication initiates within this cell type. Utilizing recombinant MCMVs expressing vCXCL-1 from the HCMV strain (Toledo), we demonstrated that vCXCL-1 significantly enhances MCMV dissemination kinetics. Through cellular depletion experiments, we observe that neutrophils impact dissemination but that overall dissemination is largely neutrophil independent. This work adds neutrophils to the list of innate cells (i.e., dendritic and macrophages/monocytes) that contribute to MCMV dissemination but refutes the hypothesis that neutrophils are the primary cell responding to vCXCL-1.
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15
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Gur C, Maalouf N, Shhadeh A, Berhani O, Singer BB, Bachrach G, Mandelboim O. Fusobacterium nucleatum supresses anti-tumor immunity by activating CEACAM1. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1581531. [PMID: 31069151 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1581531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is an oral anaerobe found to be enriched in colorectal cancer (CRC). Presence of F. nucleatum in CRC has been correlated with resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis. We previously demonstrated that the Fap2 outer-surface protein of F. nucleatum binds and activates the human inhibitory receptor TIGIT which is expressed by T and Natural Killer (NK) cells, and inhibits anti-tumor immunity. Here we show that F. nucleatum also binds and activates the human inhibitory receptor CEACAM1 leading to inhibition of T and NK cells activities. Our results suggest that using CEACAM1 and TIGIT inhibitors and specific targeting of fusobacteria should be considered for treating fusobacteria-colonized tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamutal Gur
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naseem Maalouf
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amjad Shhadeh
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orit Berhani
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Gilad Bachrach
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Jerusalem, Israel
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16
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Elder E, Krishna B, Williamson J, Aslam Y, Farahi N, Wood A, Romashova V, Roche K, Murphy E, Chilvers E, Lehner PJ, Sinclair J, Poole E. Monocytes Latently Infected with Human Cytomegalovirus Evade Neutrophil Killing. iScience 2019; 12:13-26. [PMID: 30677738 PMCID: PMC6352302 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One site of latency of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in vivo is in undifferentiated cells of the myeloid lineage. Although latently infected cells are known to evade host T cell responses by suppression of T cell effector functions, it is not known if they must also evade surveillance by other host immune cells. Here we show that cells latently infected with HCMV can, indeed, be killed by host neutrophils but only in a serum-dependent manner. Specifically, antibodies to the viral latency-associated US28 protein mediate neutrophil killing of latently infected cells. To address this mechanistically, a full proteomic screen was carried out on latently infected monocytes. This showed that latent infection downregulates the neutrophil chemoattractants S100A8/A9, thus suppressing neutrophil recruitment to latently infected cells. The ability of latently infected cells to inhibit neutrophil recruitment represents an immune evasion strategy of this persistent human pathogen, helping to prevent clearance of the latent viral reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Elder
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Benjamin Krishna
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, 9620 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James Williamson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yusuf Aslam
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Neda Farahi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alexander Wood
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Veronika Romashova
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kate Roche
- Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eain Murphy
- Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edwin Chilvers
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John Sinclair
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Emma Poole
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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17
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Yamin R, Berhani O, Peleg H, Aamar S, Stein N, Gamliel M, Hindi I, Scheiman-Elazary A, Gur C. High percentages and activity of synovial fluid NK cells present in patients with advanced stage active Rheumatoid Arthritis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1351. [PMID: 30718650 PMCID: PMC6361912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) causes chronic inflammation of joints. The cytokines TNFα and IFNγ are central players in RA, however their source has not been fully elucidated. Natural Killer (NK) cells are best known for their role in elimination of viral-infected and transformed cells, and they secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. NK cells are present in the synovial fluids (SFs) of RA patients and are considered to be important in bone destruction. However, the phenotype and function of NK cells in the SFs of patients with erosive deformative RA (DRA) versus non-deformative RA (NDRA) is poorly characterized. Here we characterize the NK cell populations present in the blood and SFs of DRA and NDRA patients. We demonstrate that a distinct population of activated synovial fluid NK (sfNK) cells constitutes a large proportion of immune cells found in the SFs of DRA patients. We discovered that although sfNK cells in both DRA and NDRA patients have similar phenotypes, they function differently. The DRA sfNK secrete more TNFα and IFNγ upon exposure to IL-2 and IL-15. Consequently, we suggest that sfNK cells may be a marker for more severely destructive RA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Yamin
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Orit Berhani
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Hagit Peleg
- The Internal medicine department and the Rheumatology unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Suhail Aamar
- The Internal medicine department and the Rheumatology unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Natan Stein
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Moriya Gamliel
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Issam Hindi
- The Internal medicine department and the Rheumatology unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Anat Scheiman-Elazary
- The Internal medicine department and the Rheumatology unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Chamutal Gur
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel-Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel. .,The Internal medicine department and the Rheumatology unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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18
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Gur C, Maalouf N, Gerhard M, Singer BB, Emgård J, Temper V, Neuman T, Mandelboim O, Bachrach G. The Helicobacter pylori HopQ outermembrane protein inhibits immune cell activities. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1553487. [PMID: 30906650 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1553487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that the colorectal cancer colonizing bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum protects tumors from immune cell attack via binding of the fusbacterial Fap2 outer-membrane protein to TIGIT, a checkpoint inhibitory receptor expressed on T cells and NK cells. Helicobacter pylori, the causative agent for peptic ulcer disease, is associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma. The HopQ outer-membrane adhesin of H. pylori was recently shown to bind carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) including CEACAM1, an inhibitory receptor expressed mainly by activated T and NK cells. Here we investigated the possibility that similar to Fap2, HopQ can also inhibit immune cell activities by interacting with CEACAM1. We used several approaches to confirm that HopQ indeed interacts with CEACAM1, and show that CEACAM1-mediated activation by HopQ, may inhibit NK and T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamutal Gur
- The Lautenberg center for immunology and cancer research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naseem Maalouf
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Immunology and Hygiene, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Johanna Emgård
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Violeta Temper
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tzahi Neuman
- Pathology department, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg center for immunology and cancer research, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Bachrach
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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19
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Berhani O, Glasner A, Kahlon S, Duev-Cohen A, Yamin R, Horwitz E, Enk J, Moshel O, Varvak A, Porgador A, Jonjic S, Mandelboim O. Human anti-NKp46 antibody for studies of NKp46-dependent NK cell function and its applications for type 1 diabetes and cancer research. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:228-241. [PMID: 30536875 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that efficiently eliminate cancerous and infected cells. NKp46 is an important NK activating receptor shown to participate in recognition and activation of NK cells against pathogens, tumor cells, virally infected cells, and self-cells in autoimmune conditions, including type I and II diabetes. However, some of the NKp46 ligands are unknown and therefore investigating human NKp46 activity and its critical role in NK cell biology is problematic. We developed a unique anti-human NKp46 monocloncal antibody, denoted hNKp46.02 (02). The 02 mAb can induce receptor internalization and degradation. By binding to a unique epitope on a particular domain of NKp46, 02 lead NKp46 to lysosomal degradation. This downregulation therefore enables the investigation of all NKp46 activities. Indeed, using the 02 mAb we determined NK cell targets which are critically dependent on NKp46 activity, including certain tumor cells lines and human pancreatic beta cells. Most importantly, we showed that a toxin-conjugated 02 inhibits the growth of NKp46-positive cells; thus, exemplifying the potential of 02 in becoming an immunotherapeutic drug to treat NKp46-dependent diseases, such as, type I diabetes and NK and T cell related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Berhani
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariella Glasner
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shira Kahlon
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexandra Duev-Cohen
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Yamin
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elad Horwitz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonatan Enk
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Moshel
- Core Research Facility, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexandar Varvak
- Chromatography Unit, Scientific Equipment Center, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Angel Porgador
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine (IMRIC), The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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20
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Jiang Z, Gao B, Hu M, Ding L, Lan Z, Yu M, Yu H, Cui Q, Lin J, Li M. Conserved structure and function of chemokine CXCL8 between Chinese tree shrews and humans. Gene 2018; 677:149-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Patel M, Vlahava VM, Forbes SK, Fielding CA, Stanton RJ, Wang ECY. HCMV-Encoded NK Modulators: Lessons From in vitro and in vivo Genetic Variation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2214. [PMID: 30327650 PMCID: PMC6174198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is under constant selective pressure from the immune system in vivo. Study of HCMV genes that have been lost in the absence of, or genetically altered by, such selection can focus research toward findings of in vivo significance. We have been particularly interested in the most pronounced change in the highly passaged laboratory strains AD169 and Towne—the deletion of 13–15 kb of sequence (designated the UL/b′ region) that encodes up to 22 canonical genes, UL133-UL150. At least 5 genes have been identified in UL/b′ that inhibit NK cell function. UL135 suppresses formation of the immunological synapse (IS) by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton, thereby illustrating target cell cooperation in IS formation. UL141 inhibits expression of two activating ligands (CD155, CD112) for the activating receptor CD226 (DNAM-1), and two receptors (TRAIL-R1, R2) for the apoptosis-inducing TRAIL. UL142, ectopically expressed in isolation, and UL148A, target specific MICA allotypes that are ligands for NKG2D. UL148 impairs expression of CD58 (LFA-3), the co-stimulatory cell adhesion molecule for CD2 found on T and NK cells. Outside UL/b′, studies on natural variants have shown UL18 mutants change affinity for their inhibitory ligand LIR-1, while mutations in UL40's HLA-E binding peptide differentially drive NKG2C+ NK expansions. Research into HCMV genomic stability and its effect on NK function has provided important insights into virus:host interactions, but future studies will require consideration of genetic variability and the effect of genes expressed in the context of infection to fully understand their in vivo impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihil Patel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia-Maria Vlahava
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Simone K Forbes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri A Fielding
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Stanton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Eddie C Y Wang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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22
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Pontejo SM, Murphy PM, Pease JE. Chemokine Subversion by Human Herpesviruses. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:465-478. [PMID: 30165356 DOI: 10.1159/000492161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses use diverse molecular mechanisms to exploit and evade the immune response. Herpesviruses, in particular, encode functional chemokine and chemokine receptor homologs pirated from the host, as well as secreted chemokine-binding proteins with unique structures. Multiple functions have been described for herpesvirus chemokine components, including attraction of target cells, blockade of leukocyte migration, and modulation of gene expression and cell entry by the virus. Here we review current concepts about how human herpesvirus chemokines, chemokine receptors, and chemokine-binding proteins may be used to shape a proviral state in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M Pontejo
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James E Pease
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United
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23
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Jackson JW, Sparer T. There Is Always Another Way! Cytomegalovirus' Multifaceted Dissemination Schemes. Viruses 2018; 10:v10070383. [PMID: 30037007 PMCID: PMC6071125 DOI: 10.3390/v10070383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a β-herpes virus that is a significant pathogen within immune compromised populations. HCMV morbidity is induced through viral dissemination and inflammation. Typically, viral dissemination is thought to follow Fenner's hypothesis where virus replicates at the site of infection, followed by replication in the draining lymph nodes, and eventually replicating within blood filtering organs. Although CMVs somewhat follow Fenner's hypothesis, they deviate from it by spreading primarily through innate immune cells as opposed to cell-free virus. Also, in vivo CMVs infect new cells via cell-to-cell spread and disseminate directly to secondary organs through novel mechanisms. We review the historic and recent literature pointing to CMV's direct dissemination to secondary organs and the genes that it has evolved for increasing its ability to disseminate. We also highlight aspects of CMV infection for studying viral dissemination when using in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Jackson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Tim Sparer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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24
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Holder KA, Comeau EM, Grant MD. Origins of natural killer cell memory: special creation or adaptive evolution. Immunology 2018; 154:38-49. [PMID: 29355919 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The few initial formative studies describing non-specific and apparently spontaneous activity of natural killer (NK) cells have since multiplied into thousands of scientific reports defining their unique capacities and means of regulation. Characterization of the array of receptors that govern NK cell education and activation revealed an unexpected relationship with the major histocompatibility molecules that NK cells originally became well known for ignoring. Proceeding true to form, NK cells continue to up-end archetypal understanding of their ever-expanding capabilities. Discovery that the NK cell repertoire is extremely diverse and can be reshaped by particular viruses into unique subsets of adaptive NK cells challenges, or at least broadens, the definition of immunological memory. This review provides an overview of studies identifying adaptive NK cells, addressing the origins of NK cell memory and introducing the heretical concept of NK cells with extensive antigenic specificity. Whether these newly apparent properties reflect adaptive utilization of known NK cell attributes and receptors or a specially creative allocation from an undefined receptor array remains to be fully determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Holder
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Programme, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - Emilie M Comeau
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Programme, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - Michael D Grant
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Programme, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
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25
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Elias S, Kahlon S, Kotzur R, Kaynan N, Mandelboim O. Obinutuzumab activates FcγRI more potently than other anti-CD20 antibodies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1428158. [PMID: 29872553 PMCID: PMC5980409 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1428158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with monoclonal antibodies has revolutionized clinical medicine, especially in the fields of cancer and immunology. One of the oldest antibodies, which is widely used for the treatment of lymphomas and autoimmune diseases, is the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. In recent years, new antibodies against CD20 have been developed including ofatumumab and obinutuzumab. An important mechanism of action of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is activation of immune cells via Fc receptors (FcγRs). However, surprisingly, little is known about triggering of FcγRs by different therapeutic antibodies in general and anti-CD20 antibodies in particular. Here we establish a reporter assay to assess whether a particular antibody activates a certain Fc receptor. Using this assay we corroborated previous reports demonstrating obinutuzumab's ability to highly activate FcγRIIIa (CD16a). Importantly, we discovered that obinutuzumab also activates FcγRI (CD64) significantly more than rituximab and ofatumumab in response to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells obtained from patients. Mechanistically we show that this is due to the lack of FcγRIIb-mediated internalization of obinutuzumab following binding to CD20. Moreover, we show that obinutuzumab induces increased phagocytosis by primary macrophages in an FcγRI-dependent manner. Beyond the discovery of a new mechanism of obinutuzumab activity, the reporter assay can be applied to other therapeutic antibodies and may assist in developing antibodies with improved immunological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Elias
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shira Kahlon
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rebecca Kotzur
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Immunogenetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Noah Kaynan
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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26
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Pontejo SM, Murphy PM. Chemokines encoded by herpesviruses. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:1199-1217. [PMID: 28848041 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ru0417-145rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses use diverse strategies to elude the immune system, including copying and repurposing host cytokine and cytokine receptor genes. For herpesviruses, the chemokine system of chemotactic cytokines and receptors is a common source of copied genes. Here, we review the current state of knowledge about herpesvirus-encoded chemokines and discuss their possible roles in viral pathogenesis, as well as their clinical potential as novel anti-inflammatory agents or targets for new antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M Pontejo
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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27
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Charpak-Amikam Y, Kubsch T, Seidel E, Oiknine-Djian E, Cavaletto N, Yamin R, Schmiedel D, Wolf D, Gribaudo G, Messerle M, Cicin-Sain L, Mandelboim O. Human cytomegalovirus escapes immune recognition by NK cells through the downregulation of B7-H6 by the viral genes US18 and US20. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8661. [PMID: 28819195 PMCID: PMC5561058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major human pathogen, causing serious diseases in immunocompromised populations and congenially infected neonates. One of the main immune cells acting against the virus are Natural Killer (NK) cells. Killing by NK cells is mediated by a small family of activating receptors such as NKp30 that interact with the cellular ligand B7-H6. The outcome of B7-H6-NKp30 interaction was, so far, mainly studied with regard to NK recognition and killing of tumors. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of B7-H6 is upregulated following HCMV infection and that HCMV uses two of its genes: US18 and US20, to interfere with B7-H6 surface expression, in a mechanism involving endosomal degradation, in order to evade NK cell recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Charpak-Amikam
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Tobias Kubsch
- Department for Vaccinology/Immune Aging and Chronic Infection, HZI, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Einat Seidel
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Esther Oiknine-Djian
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Noemi Cavaletto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Rachel Yamin
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dominik Schmiedel
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Dana Wolf
- Clinical Virology Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Martin Messerle
- Institute for Virology, Medical School Hannover, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Department for Vaccinology/Immune Aging and Chronic Infection, HZI, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Virology, Medical School Hannover, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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28
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Regis S, Caliendo F, Dondero A, Casu B, Romano F, Loiacono F, Moretta A, Bottino C, Castriconi R. TGF-β1 Downregulates the Expression of CX 3CR1 by Inducing miR-27a-5p in Primary Human NK Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:868. [PMID: 28791023 PMCID: PMC5524732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity of human natural killer (NK) cells against cancer cells is deeply suppressed by TGF-β1, an immunomodulatory cytokine that is released and activated in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, our previous data showed that TGF-β1 modifies the chemokine receptor repertoire of NK cells. In particular, it decreases the expression of CX3CR1 that drives these effectors toward peripheral tissues, including tumor sites. To identify possible mechanisms mediating chemokine receptors modulation, we analyzed the microRNA profile of TGF-β1-treated primary NK cells. The analysis pointed out miR-27a-5p as a possible modulator of CX3CR1. We demonstrated the functional interaction of miR-27a-5p with the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of CX3CR1 mRNA by two different experimental approaches: by the use of a luciferase assay based on a reporter construct containing the CX3CR1 3′UTR and by transfection of primary NK cells with a miR-27a-5p inhibitor. We also showed that the TGF-β1-mediated increase of miR-27a-5p expression is a consequence of miR-23a-27a-24-2 cluster induction. Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-27a-5p downregulates the surface expression of CX3CR1. Finally, we showed that neuroblastoma cells induced in resting NK cells a downregulation of the CX3CR1 expression that was paralleled by a significant increase of miR-27a-5p expression. Therefore, the present study highlights miR-27a-5p as a pivotal TGF-β1-induced regulator of CX3CR1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Regis
- Dipartimento di Ricerca e Diagnostica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Caliendo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dondero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Beatrice Casu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Filomena Romano
- Dipartimento di Ricerca e Diagnostica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Loiacono
- Dipartimento delle Terapie Oncologiche Integrate, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy.,Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Bottino
- Dipartimento di Ricerca e Diagnostica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Castriconi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy.,Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Genova, Italy
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29
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Berhani O, Nachmani D, Yamin R, Schmiedel D, Bar-On Y, Mandelboim O. Vigilin Regulates the Expression of the Stress-Induced Ligand MICB by Interacting with Its 5' Untranslated Region. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3662-3670. [PMID: 28356383 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are part of the innate immune system, and are able to identify and kill hazardous cells. The discrimination between normal and hazardous cells is possible due to an array of inhibitory and activating receptors. NKG2D is one of the prominent activating receptors expressed by all human NK cells. This receptor binds stress-induced ligands, including human MICA, MICB, and UL16-binding proteins 1-6. The interaction between NKG2D and its ligands facilitates the elimination of cells under cellular stress, such as tumor transformation. However, the mechanisms regulating the expression of these ligands are still not well understood. Under normal conditions, the NKG2D ligands were shown to be posttranscriptionally regulated by cellular microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Thus far, only the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of MICA, MICB, and UL16-binding protein 2 were shown to be regulated by RBPs and microRNAs, usually resulting in their downregulation. In this study we investigated whether MICB expression is controlled by RBPs through its 5'UTR. We used an RNA pull-down assay followed by mass spectrometry and identified vigilin, a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional RNA-binding protein. We demonstrated that vigilin binds and negatively regulates MICB expression through its 5'UTR. Additionally, vigilin downregulation in target cells led to a significant increase in NK cell activation against said target cells. Taken together, we have discovered a novel mode of MICB regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Berhani
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Daphna Nachmani
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Rachel Yamin
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Dominik Schmiedel
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Yotam Bar-On
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
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