1
|
Maier JX, Zhang Z. Early development of olfactory circuit function. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1225186. [PMID: 37565031 PMCID: PMC10410114 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1225186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During early development, brains undergo profound changes in structure at the molecular, synaptic, cellular and circuit level. At the same time, brains need to perform adaptive function. How do structurally immature brains process information? How do brains perform stable and reliable function despite massive changes in structure? The rodent olfactory system presents an ideal model for approaching these poorly understood questions. Rodents are born deaf and blind, and rely completely on their sense of smell to acquire resources essential for survival during the first 2 weeks of life, such as food and warmth. Here, we review decades of work mapping structural changes in olfactory circuits during early development, as well as more recent studies performing in vivo electrophysiological recordings to characterize functional activity patterns generated by these circuits. The findings demonstrate that neonatal olfactory processing relies on an interacting network of brain areas including the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex. Circuits in these brain regions exhibit varying degrees of structural maturity in neonatal animals. However, despite substantial ongoing structural maturation of circuit elements, the neonatal olfactory system produces dynamic network-level activity patterns that are highly stable over protracted periods during development. We discuss how these findings inform future work aimed at elucidating the circuit-level mechanisms underlying information processing in the neonatal olfactory system, how they support unique neonatal behaviors, and how they transition between developmental stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joost X. Maier
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schneider M, Tzanou A, Uran C, Vinck M. Cell-type-specific propagation of visual flicker. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112492. [PMID: 37195864 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic flicker stimulation has gained interest as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases and as a method for frequency tagging neural activity. Yet, little is known about the way in which flicker-induced synchronization propagates across cortical levels and impacts different cell types. Here, we use Neuropixels to record from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), the primary visual cortex (V1), and CA1 in mice while presenting visual flicker stimuli. LGN neurons show strong phase locking up to 40 Hz, whereas phase locking is substantially weaker in V1 and is absent in CA1. Laminar analyses reveal an attenuation of phase locking at 40 Hz for each processing stage. Gamma-rhythmic flicker predominantly entrains fast-spiking interneurons. Optotagging experiments show that these neurons correspond to either parvalbumin (PV+) or narrow-waveform somatostatin (Sst+) neurons. A computational model can explain the observed differences based on the neurons' capacitative low-pass filtering properties. In summary, the propagation of synchronized activity and its effect on distinct cell types strongly depend on its frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Schneider
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Athanasia Tzanou
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cem Uran
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Vinck
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Shang Z, Chen JH, Gu W, Yao L, Yang X, Sun X, Wang L, Wang T, Liu S, Li J, Hou T, Xing D, Gill DL, Li J, Wang SQ, Hou L, Zhou Y, Tang AH, Zhang X, Wang Y. Engineering of NEMO as calcium indicators with large dynamics and high sensitivity. Nat Methods 2023:10.1038/s41592-023-01852-9. [PMID: 37081094 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are indispensable tools for real-time monitoring of intracellular calcium signals and cellular activities in living organisms. Current GECIs face the challenge of suboptimal peak signal-to-baseline ratio (SBR) with limited resolution for reporting subtle calcium transients. We report herein the development of a suite of calcium sensors, designated NEMO, with fast kinetics and wide dynamic ranges (>100-fold). NEMO indicators report Ca2+ transients with peak SBRs around 20-fold larger than the top-of-the-range GCaMP6 series. NEMO sensors further enable the quantification of absolution calcium concentration with ratiometric or photochromic imaging. Compared with GCaMP6s, NEMOs could detect single action potentials in neurons with a peak SBR two times higher and a median peak SBR four times larger in vivo, thereby outperforming most existing state-of-the-art GECIs. Given their high sensitivity and resolution to report intracellular Ca2+ signals, NEMO sensors may find broad applications in monitoring neuronal activities and other Ca2+-modulated physiological processes in both mammals and plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hui Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjia Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Exercise Physiology and Neurobiology Laboratory, College of PE and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Liuqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlu Wang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Siyao Liu
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiajing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dajun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Donald L Gill
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jiejie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Hou
- Exercise Physiology and Neurobiology Laboratory, College of PE and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ai-Hui Tang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Youjun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu S, Li Y. Deciphering functional roles of synaptic plasticity and intrinsic neural firing in developing mouse visual cortex layer IV microcircuit. J Comput Neurosci 2023; 51:23-42. [PMID: 35737171 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-022-00823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Between the onset of the critical period of mouse primary visual cortex and eye opening at postnatal day 14 is a complex process and that is vital for the cognitive function of vision. The onset of the critical period of mouse primary visual cortex involves changes of the intrinsic firing property of each neuron and short term plasticity of synapses. In order to investigate the functional role of each factor in regulating the circuit firing activity during the critical period plasticity, we adopted the Markram's model for short term plasticity and Wilson's model for intrinsic neuron firing activity, and construct a microcircuit for mouse visual cortex layer IV based on the connection probabilities from experimental results. Our results indicate that, during CP development, the most critical factors that regulate the firing pattern of microcircuit is the short term plasticity of the synapse from PC to PV and SST interneurons, which upregulates the PV interneuron firing and produces new balance between excitation and inhibition; the intrinsic firing activity of PC and PV during development downregulates the firing frequency of the circuits. In addition, we have investigated the function of feedforward excitatory thalamic-cortical projection to PC and PV interneuron during CP, and found that neural firing activity largely depends on the TC input and the results are similar to the local circuit with minor differences. We conclude that the short term plasticity development during critical period plays a crucial role in regulating the circuit behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanwu Liu
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyun Li
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Malik A, Eldaly ABM, Chen K, Chan LLH. Neuronal Oscillatory Signatures in the Developing Mouse Visual Cortex After Short-Term Monocular Deprivation. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:2657-2667. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Development and maturation in cortical networks depend on neuronal activity. For stabilization and pruning of connections, synchronized oscillations play a crucial role. A fundamental mechanism that enables coordinated activity during brain functioning is formed of synchronized neuronal oscillations in low- (delta and theta) and high- (gamma) frequency bands. The relationship between neural synchrony, cognition, and the perceptual process has been widely studied, but any possible role of neural synchrony in amblyopia has been less explored. We hypothesized that monocular deprivation (MD) during early postnatal life would lead to changes in neuronal activity that would be demonstrated by changes in phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) and altered power in specific oscillatory frequency. Our results demonstrate that functional connectivity in the visual cortex is altered by MD during adolescence. The amplitude of high-frequency oscillations is modulated by the phase of low-frequency oscillations. Demonstration of enhanced delta–gamma and theta–gamma PAC indicates that our results are relevant for a broad range of nested oscillatory markers. These markers are inherent to neuronal processing and are consistent with the hypothesized increase in the intrinsic coupling that arises from neural oscillatory phase alignment. Our results reveal distinct frequency bands exhibit altered power and coherence variations modulated by experience-driven plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Malik
- Department of Electrical Engineering , City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Abdelrahman B M Eldaly
- Department of Electrical Engineering , City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Electrical Engineering Department , Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61517, Egypt
| | - Ke Chen
- Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital , School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Leanne Lai-Hang Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering , City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Center for Biosystems , Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li AA, Wang F, Wu S, Zhang X. Emergence of probabilistic representation in the neural network of primary visual cortex. iScience 2022; 25:103975. [PMID: 35310336 PMCID: PMC8924637 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early development of the mammalian visual system, the distribution of neuronal preferred orientations in the primary visual cortex (V1) gradually shifts to match major orientation features of the environment, achieving its optimal representation. By combining computational modeling and electrophysiological recording, we provide a circuit plasticity mechanism that underlies the developmental emergence of such matched representation in the visual cortical network. Specifically, in a canonical circuit of densely-interconnected pyramidal cells and inhibitory parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) fast-spiking interneurons in V1 layer 2/3, our model successfully simulates the experimental observations and further reveals that the nonuniform inhibition plays a key role in shaping the network representation through spike timing-dependent plasticity. The experimental results suggest that PV + interneurons in V1 are capable of providing nonuniform inhibition shortly after vision onset. Our study elucidates a circuit mechanism for acquisition of prior knowledge of environment for optimal inference in sensory neural systems Computational and experimental methods are combined to representation in mice V1 Nonuniform inhibition plays a key role in shaping the network representation PV + interneurons provide nonuniform inhibition shortly after vision onset
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ang A Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Si Wu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang C, Zhu H, Ni Z, Xin Q, Zhou T, Wu R, Gao G, Gao Z, Ma H, Li H, He M, Zhang J, Cheng H, Hu H. Dynamics of a disinhibitory prefrontal microcircuit in controlling social competition. Neuron 2021; 110:516-531.e6. [PMID: 34793692 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Social competition plays a pivotal role in determining individuals' social status. While the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) is essential in regulating social competition, it remains unclear how information is processed within its local networks. Here, by applying optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations in a dominance tube test, we reveal that, in accordance with pyramidal (PYR) neuron activation, excitation of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) or inhibition of the parvalbumin (PV) interneurons induces winning. The winning behavior is associated with sequential calcium activities initiated by VIP and followed by PYR and PV neurons. Using miniature two-photon microscopic (MTPM) and optrode recordings in awake mice, we show that VIP stimulation directly leads to a two-phased activity pattern of both PYR and PV neurons-rapid suppression followed by activation. The delayed activation of PV implies an embedded feedback tuning. This disinhibitory VIP-PV-PYR motif forms the core of a dmPFC microcircuit to control social competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, The MOE Frontier Research Center of Brain & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, The MOE Frontier Research Center of Brain & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Zheyi Ni
- Department of Psychiatry of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, The MOE Frontier Research Center of Brain & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qiuhong Xin
- Department of Psychiatry of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, The MOE Frontier Research Center of Brain & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, The MOE Frontier Research Center of Brain & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Runlong Wu
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing 211500, China
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zhihua Gao
- Liangzhu Laboratory, The MOE Frontier Research Center of Brain & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Liangzhu Laboratory, The MOE Frontier Research Center of Brain & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Haohong Li
- Liangzhu Laboratory, The MOE Frontier Research Center of Brain & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Miao He
- Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing 211500, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing 211500, China
| | - Hailan Hu
- Department of Psychiatry of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, The MOE Frontier Research Center of Brain & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Center for Brian Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510515, China; Research Units of Brain Mechanisms Underlying Emotion and Emotion Disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Chuanqi Research and Development Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Yao L, Li X, Meng M, Shang Z, Wang Q, Xiao J, Gu X, Xu Z, Zhang X. Schizophrenia risk-gene Crmp2 deficiency causes precocious critical period plasticity and deteriorated binocular vision. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:2225-2237. [PMID: 36654114 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Brain-specific loss of a microtubule-binding protein collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) in the mouse recapitulates many schizophrenia-like behaviors of human patients, possibly resulting from associated developmental deficits in neuronal differentiation, path-finding, and synapse formation. However, it is still unclear how the Crmp2 loss affects neuronal circuit function and plasticity. By conducting in vivo and ex vivo electrophysiological recording in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1), we reveal that CRMP2 exerts a key regulation on the timing of postnatal critical period (CP) for experience-dependent circuit plasticity of sensory cortex. In the developing V1, the Crmp2 deficiency induces not only a delayed maturation of visual tuning functions but also a precocious CP for visual input-induced ocular dominance plasticity and its induction activity - coincident binocular inputs right after eye-opening. Mechanistically, the Crmp2 deficiency accelerates the maturation process of cortical inhibitory transmission and subsequently promotes an early emergence of balanced excitatory-inhibitory cortical circuits during the postnatal development. Moreover, the precocious CP plasticity results in deteriorated binocular depth perception in adulthood. Thus, these findings suggest that the Crmp2 deficiency dysregulates the timing of CP for experience-dependent refinement of circuit connections and further leads to impaired sensory perception in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Meizhen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ziwei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiaying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bhumika S, Nakamura M, Valerio P, Solyga M, Lindén H, Barkat TR. A Late Critical Period for Frequency Modulated Sweeps in the Mouse Auditory System. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:2586-2599. [PMID: 31800018 PMCID: PMC7174992 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal circuits are shaped by experience during time windows of increased plasticity in postnatal development. In the auditory system, the critical period for the simplest sounds-pure frequency tones-is well defined. Critical periods for more complex sounds remain to be elucidated. We used in vivo electrophysiological recordings in the mouse auditory cortex to demonstrate that passive exposure to frequency modulated sweeps (FMS) from postnatal day 31 to 38 leads to long-term changes in the temporal representation of sweep directions. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decreased percentage of layer 4 parvalbumin-positive (PV+) cells during this critical period, paralleled with a transient increase in responses to FMS, but not to pure tones. Preventing the PV+ cell decrease with continuous white noise exposure delayed the critical period onset, suggesting a reduction in inhibition as a mechanism for this plasticity. Our findings shed new light on the dependence of plastic windows on stimulus complexity that persistently sculpt the functional organization of the auditory cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mari Nakamura
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Valerio
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Solyga
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Lindén
- Department of Neuroscience, Copenhagen University, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tania R Barkat
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Deng R, Kao JPY, Kanold PO. Aberrant development of excitatory circuits to inhibitory neurons in the primary visual cortex after neonatal binocular enucleation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3163. [PMID: 33542365 PMCID: PMC7862622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of GABAergic interneurons is important for the functional maturation of cortical circuits. After migrating into the cortex, GABAergic interneurons start to receive glutamatergic connections from cortical excitatory neurons and thus gradually become integrated into cortical circuits. These glutamatergic connections are mediated by glutamate receptors including AMPA and NMDA receptors and the ratio of AMPA to NMDA receptors decreases during development. Since previous studies have shown that retinal input can regulate the early development of connections along the visual pathway, we investigated if the maturation of glutamatergic inputs to GABAergic interneurons in the visual cortex requires retinal input. We mapped the spatial pattern of glutamatergic connections to layer 4 (L4) GABAergic interneurons in mouse visual cortex at around postnatal day (P) 16 by laser-scanning photostimulation and investigated the effect of binocular enucleations at P1/P2 on these patterns. Gad2-positive interneurons in enucleated animals showed an increased fraction of AMPAR-mediated input from L2/3 and a decreased fraction of input from L5/6. Parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons showed similar changes in relative connectivity. NMDAR-only input was largely unchanged by enucleation. Our results show that retinal input sculpts the integration of interneurons into V1 circuits and suggest that the development of AMPAR- and NMDAR-only connections might be regulated differently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongkang Deng
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, MD, USA
| | - Joseph P Y Kao
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Patrick O Kanold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 379 Miller Res. Bldg, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cao JW, Guan W, Yu YC, Fu Y. Synaptic Transmission from Somatostatin-expressing Interneurons to Excitatory Neurons Mediated by α5-subunit-containing GABA A Receptors in the Developing Visual Cortex. Neuroscience 2020; 449:147-156. [PMID: 32926954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendrite-targeting somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SST-INs) powerfully control signal integration and synaptic plasticity in pyramidal dendrites during cortical development. We previously showed that synaptic transmission from SST-INs to pyramidal cells (PCs) (SST-IN → PC) in the mouse visual cortex suddenly declined at around the second postnatal week. However, it is unclear what specific postsynaptic mechanisms underlie this developmental change. Using multiple whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, we found that application of an α5-GABAA receptor-selective inverse agonist, alpha5IA, significantly weakened SST-IN → PC unitary inhibitory postsynaptic currents (uIPSCs) in layer 2/3 of the mouse visual cortex, but had no effect on uIPSCs from SST-INs to other types of interneurons. The extent of alpha5IA-induced reduction of SST-IN → PC synaptic transmission was significantly larger at postnatal days 11-13 (P11-13) than P14-17. Moreover, α5-subunit-containing GABAA receptors (α5-GABAARs)-mediated uIPSCs had slow rise and decay kinetics. Apart from pharmacological test, we observed that SST-IN → PC synapses did indeed contain α5-GABAARs by immunogold labeling for electron microscopy. More importantly, coinciding with the weakening of SST-IN → PC synaptic transmission, the number of α5-GABAAR particles in SST-IN → PC synapses significantly decreased at around the second postnatal week. Together, these data indicate that α5-GABAARs are involved in synaptic transmission from SST-INs to PCs in the neocortex, and are significantly diminished around the second postnatal week.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wei Cao
- Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuqiang Guan
- Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Chun Yu
- Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Fu
- Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Zhang X. Portrait of visual cortical circuits for generating neural oscillation dynamics. Cogn Neurodyn 2020; 15:3-16. [PMID: 34109010 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-020-09623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse primary visual cortex (V1) has emerged as a classical system to study neural circuit mechanisms underlying visual function and plasticity. A variety of efferent-afferent neuronal connections exists within the V1 and between the V1 and higher visual cortical areas or thalamic nuclei, indicating that the V1 system is more than a mere receiver in information processing. Sensory representations in the V1 are dynamically correlated with neural activity oscillations that are distributed across different cortical layers in an input-dependent manner. Circuits consisting of excitatory pyramidal cells (PCs) and inhibitory interneurons (INs) are the basis for generating neural oscillations. In general, INs are clustered with their adjacent PCs to form specific microcircuits that gate or filter the neural information. The interaction between these two cell populations has to be coordinated within a local circuit in order to preserve neural coding schemes and maintain excitation-inhibition (E-I) balance. Phasic alternations of the E-I balance can dynamically regulate temporal rhythms of neural oscillation. Accumulating experimental evidence suggests that the two major sub-types of INs, parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) cells and somatostatin-expressing (SOM+) INs, are active in controlling slow and fast oscillations, respectively, in the mouse V1. The review summarizes recent experimental findings on elucidating cellular or circuitry mechanisms for the generation of neural oscillations with distinct rhythms in either developing or matured mouse V1, mainly focusing on visual relaying circuits and distinct local inhibitory circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hooks BM, Chen C. Circuitry Underlying Experience-Dependent Plasticity in the Mouse Visual System. Neuron 2020; 106:21-36. [PMID: 32272065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of ocular dominance plasticity, neuroscientists have understood that changes in visual experience during a discrete developmental time, the critical period, trigger robust changes in the visual cortex. State-of-the-art tools used to probe connectivity with cell-type-specific resolution have expanded the understanding of circuit changes underlying experience-dependent plasticity. Here, we review the visual circuitry of the mouse, describing projections from retina to thalamus, between thalamus and cortex, and within cortex. We discuss how visual circuit development leads to precise connectivity and identify synaptic loci, which can be altered by activity or experience. Plasticity extends to visual features beyond ocular dominance, involving subcortical and cortical regions, and connections between cortical inhibitory interneurons. Experience-dependent plasticity contributes to the alignment of networks spanning retina to thalamus to cortex. Disruption of this plasticity may underlie aberrant sensory processing in some neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Hooks
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, W1458 BSTWR, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Chinfei Chen
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu W, Löwel S, Schlüter OM. Silent Synapse-Based Mechanisms of Critical Period Plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:213. [PMID: 32765222 PMCID: PMC7380267 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical periods are postnatal, restricted time windows of heightened plasticity in cortical neural networks, during which experience refines principal neuron wiring configurations. Here, we propose a model with two distinct types of synapses, innate synapses that establish rudimentary networks with innate function, and gestalt synapses that govern the experience-dependent refinement process. Nascent gestalt synapses are constantly formed as AMPA receptor-silent synapses which are the substrates for critical period plasticity. Experience drives the unsilencing and stabilization of gestalt synapses, as well as synapse pruning. This maturation process changes synapse patterning and consequently the functional architecture of cortical excitatory networks. Ocular dominance plasticity (ODP) in the primary visual cortex (V1) is an established experimental model for cortical plasticity. While converging evidence indicates that the start of the critical period for ODP is marked by the maturation of local inhibitory circuits, recent results support our model that critical periods end through the progressive maturation of gestalt synapses. The cooperative yet opposing function of two postsynaptic signaling scaffolds of excitatory synapses, PSD-93 and PSD-95, governs the maturation of gestalt synapses. Without those proteins, networks do not progress far beyond their innate functionality, resulting in rather impaired perception. While cortical networks remain malleable throughout life, the cellular mechanisms and the scope of critical period and adult plasticity differ. Critical period ODP is initiated with the depression of deprived eye responses in V1, whereas adult ODP is characterized by an initial increase in non-deprived eye responses. Our model proposes the gestalt synapse-based mechanism for critical period ODP, and also predicts a different mechanism for adult ODP based on the sparsity of nascent gestalt synapses at that age. Under our model, early life experience shapes the boundaries (the gestalt) for network function, both for its optimal performance as well as for its pathological state. Thus, reintroducing nascent gestalt synapses as plasticity substrates into adults may improve the network gestalt to facilitate functional recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Siegrid Löwel
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology & Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus Institute for Dynamics of Biological Networks, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver M. Schlüter
- Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gwak J, Kwag J. Distinct subtypes of inhibitory interneurons differentially promote the propagation of rate and temporal codes in the feedforward neural network. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:053102. [PMID: 32491918 DOI: 10.1063/1.5134765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sensory information is believed to be encoded in neuronal spikes using two different neural codes, the rate code (spike firing rate) and the temporal code (precisely-timed spikes). Since the sensory cortex has a highly hierarchical feedforward structure, sensory information-carrying neural codes should reliably propagate across the feedforward network (FFN) of the cortex. Experimental evidence suggests that inhibitory interneurons, such as the parvalbumin-positive (PV) and somatostatin-positive (SST) interneurons, that have distinctively different electrophysiological and synaptic properties, modulate the neural codes during sensory information processing in the cortex. However, how PV and SST interneurons impact on the neural code propagation in the cortical FFN is unknown. We address this question by building a five-layer FFN model consisting of a physiologically realistic Hodgkin-Huxley-type models of excitatory neurons and PV/SST interneurons at different ratios. In response to different firing rate inputs (20-80 Hz), a higher ratio of PV over SST interneurons promoted a reliable propagation of all ranges of firing rate inputs. In contrast, in response to a range of precisely-timed spikes in the form of pulse-packets [with a different number of spikes (α, 40-400 spikes) and degree of dispersion (σ, 0-20 ms)], a higher ratio of SST over PV interneurons promoted a reliable propagation of pulse-packets. Our simulation results show that PV and SST interneurons differentially promote a reliable propagation of the rate and temporal codes, respectively, indicating that the dynamic recruitment of PV and SST interneurons may play critical roles in a reliable propagation of sensory information-carrying neural codes in the cortical FFN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongheon Gwak
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jeehyun Kwag
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ribic A. Stability in the Face of Change: Lifelong Experience-Dependent Plasticity in the Sensory Cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:76. [PMID: 32372915 PMCID: PMC7186337 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity is a fundamental property of the nervous system that enables its adaptations to the ever-changing environment. Heightened plasticity typical for developing circuits facilitates their robust experience-dependent functional maturation. This plasticity wanes during adolescence to permit the stabilization of mature brain function, but abundant evidence supports that adult circuits exhibit both transient and long-term experience-induced plasticity. Cortical plasticity has been extensively studied throughout the life span in sensory systems and the main distinction between development and adulthood arising from these studies is the concept that passive exposure to relevant information is sufficient to drive robust plasticity early in life, while higher-order attentional mechanisms are necessary to drive plastic changes in adults. Recent work in the primary visual and auditory cortices began to define the circuit mechanisms that govern these processes and enable continuous adaptation to the environment, with transient circuit disinhibition emerging as a common prerequisite for both developmental and adult plasticity. Drawing from studies in visual and auditory systems, this review article summarizes recent reports on the circuit and cellular mechanisms of experience-driven plasticity in the developing and adult brains and emphasizes the similarities and differences between them. The benefits of distinct plasticity mechanisms used at different ages are discussed in the context of sensory learning, as well as their relationship to maladaptive plasticity and neurodevelopmental brain disorders. Knowledge gaps and avenues for future work are highlighted, and these will hopefully motivate future research in these areas, particularly those about the learning of complex skills during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adema Ribic
- Department of Psychology, College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Miao QL, Herlitze S, Mark MD, Noebels JL. Adult loss of Cacna1a in mice recapitulates childhood absence epilepsy by distinct thalamic bursting mechanisms. Brain 2020; 143:161-174. [PMID: 31800012 PMCID: PMC6935748 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of CACNA1A-encoded P/Q-type calcium channels impair synaptic transmission, producing early and lifelong neurological deficits, including childhood absence epilepsy, ataxia and dystonia. Whether these impairments owe their pathologies to defective channel function during the critical period for thalamic network stabilization in immature brain remains unclear. Here we show that mice with tamoxifen-induced adult-onset ablation of P/Q channel alpha subunit (iKOp/q) display identical patterns of dysfunction, replicating the inborn loss-of-function phenotypes and, therefore demonstrate that these neurological defects do not rely upon developmental abnormality. Unexpectedly, unlike the inborn model, the adult-onset pattern of excitability changes believed to be pathogenic within the thalamic network is non-canonical. Specifically, adult ablation of P/Q channels does not promote Cacna1g-mediated burst firing or T-type calcium current (IT) in the thalamocortical relay neurons; however, burst firing in thalamocortical relay neurons remains essential as iKOp/q mice generated on a Cacna1g deleted background show substantially diminished seizure generation. Moreover, in thalamic reticular nucleus neurons, burst firing is impaired accompanied by attenuated IT. Interestingly, inborn deletion of thalamic reticular nucleus-enriched, human childhood absence epilepsy-linked gene Cacna1h in iKOp/q mice reduces thalamic reticular nucleus burst firing and promotes rather than reduces seizure, indicating an epileptogenic role for loss-of-function Cacna1h gene variants reported in human childhood absence epilepsy cases. Together, our results demonstrate that P/Q channels remain critical for maintaining normal thalamocortical oscillations and motor control in the adult brain, and suggest that the developmental plasticity of membrane currents regulating pathological rhythmicity is both degenerate and age-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Long Miao
- Developmental Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melanie D Mark
- Department of Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jeffrey L Noebels
- Developmental Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Emerging Roles of Synapse Organizers in the Regulation of Critical Periods. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:1538137. [PMID: 31565044 PMCID: PMC6745111 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1538137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Experience remodels cortical connectivity during developmental windows called critical periods. Experience-dependent regulation of synaptic strength during these periods establishes circuit functions that are stabilized as critical period plasticity wanes. These processes have been extensively studied in the developing visual cortex, where critical period opening and closure are orchestrated by the assembly, maturation, and strengthening of distinct synapse types. The synaptic specificity of these processes points towards the involvement of distinct molecular pathways. Attractive candidates are pre- and postsynaptic transmembrane proteins that form adhesive complexes across the synaptic cleft. These synapse-organizing proteins control synapse development and maintenance and modulate structural and functional properties of synapses. Recent evidence suggests that they have pivotal roles in the onset and closure of the critical period for vision. In this review, we describe roles of synapse-organizing adhesion molecules in the regulation of visual critical period plasticity and we discuss the potential they offer to restore circuit functions in amblyopia and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
|
19
|
Boggio EM, Ehlert EM, Lupori L, Moloney EB, De Winter F, Vander Kooi CW, Baroncelli L, Mecollari V, Blits B, Fawcett JW, Verhaagen J, Pizzorusso T. Inhibition of Semaphorin3A Promotes Ocular Dominance Plasticity in the Adult Rat Visual Cortex. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5987-5997. [PMID: 30706367 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are condensed structures in the extracellular matrix that mainly surround GABA-ergic parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the adult brain. Previous studies revealed a parallel between PNN formation and the closure of the critical period. Moreover, ocular dominance plasticity is enhanced in response to PNN manipulations in adult animals. However, the mechanisms through which perineuronal nets modulate plasticity are still poorly understood. Recent work indicated that perineuronal nets may convey molecular signals by binding and storing proteins with important roles in cellular communication. Here we report that semaphorin3A (Sema3A), a chemorepulsive axon guidance cue known to bind to important perineuronal net components, is necessary to dampen ocular dominance plasticity in adult rats. First, we showed that the accumulation of Sema3A in PNNs in the visual cortex correlates with critical period closure, following the same time course of perineuronal nets maturation. Second, the accumulation of Sema3A in perineuronal nets was significantly reduced by rearing animals in the dark in the absence of any visual experience. Finally, we developed and characterized a tool to interfere with Sema3A signaling by means of AAV-mediated expression of receptor bodies, soluble proteins formed by the extracellular domain of the endogenous Sema3A receptor (neuropilin1) fused to a human IgG Fc fragment. By using this tool to antagonize Sema3A signaling in the adult rat visual cortex, we found that the specific inhibition of Sema3A promoted ocular dominance plasticity. Thus, Sema3A accumulates in perineuronal nets in an experience-dependent manner and its presence in the mature visual cortex inhibits plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maria Boggio
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council CNR, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Erich M Ehlert
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Lupori
- BIO@SNS lab, Scuola Normale Superiore via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elizabeth B Moloney
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred De Winter
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Craig W Vander Kooi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Laura Baroncelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council CNR, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vasilis Mecollari
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Blits
- UniQure, Meibergdreef 61, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James W Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 20 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tommaso Pizzorusso
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council CNR, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- BIO@SNS lab, Scuola Normale Superiore via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA University of Florence, Area San Salvi - Pad. 26, 50135, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen G, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhao X, Ye Q, Lin Y, Tao HW, Rasch MJ, Zhang X. Distinct Inhibitory Circuits Orchestrate Cortical beta and gamma Band Oscillations. Neuron 2019; 96:1403-1418.e6. [PMID: 29268099 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Distinct subtypes of inhibitory interneuron are known to shape diverse rhythmic activities in the cortex, but how they interact to orchestrate specific band activity remains largely unknown. By recording optogenetically tagged interneurons of specific subtypes in the primary visual cortex of behaving mice, we show that spiking of somatostatin (SOM)- and parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons preferentially correlates with cortical beta and gamma band oscillations, respectively. Suppression of SOM cell spiking reduces the spontaneous low-frequency band (<30-Hz) oscillations and selectively reduces visually induced enhancement of beta oscillation. In comparison, suppressing PV cell activity elevates the synchronization of spontaneous activity across a broad frequency range and further precludes visually induced changes in beta and gamma oscillations. Rhythmic activation of SOM and PV cells in the local circuit entrains resonant activity in the narrow 5- to 30-Hz band and the wide 20- to 80-Hz band, respectively. Together, these findings reveal differential and cooperative roles of SOM and PV inhibitory neurons in orchestrating specific cortical oscillations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yingxi Lin
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Huizhong W Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Malte J Rasch
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience & Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ferrer C, Hsieh H, Wollmuth LP. Input-specific maturation of NMDAR-mediated transmission onto parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in layers 2/3 of the visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:3063-3076. [PMID: 30303753 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00495.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV) GABAergic interneurons regulate local circuit dynamics. In terms of the excitation driving PV interneuron activity, the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated component onto PV interneurons tends to be smaller than that onto pyramidal neurons but makes a significant contribution to their physiology and development. In the visual cortex, PV interneurons mature during the critical period. We hypothesize that during the critical period, the NMDAR-mediated signaling and functional properties of glutamatergic synapses onto PV interneurons are developmentally regulated. We therefore compared the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)- and NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses before (postnatal days 15-20, P15-P20), during (P25-P40), and after (P50-P60) the visual critical period. AMPAR miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) showed a developmental decrease in frequency, whereas NMDAR mEPSCs were absent or showed extremely low frequencies throughout development. For evoked responses, we consistently saw a NMDAR-mediated component, suggesting pre- or postsynaptic differences between evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission. Evoked responses showed input-specific developmental changes. For intralaminar inputs, the NMDAR-mediated component significantly decreased with development. This resulted in adult intralaminar inputs almost exclusively mediated by AMPARs, suited for the computation of synaptic inputs with precise timing, and likely having NMDAR-independent forms of plasticity. In contrast, interlaminar inputs maintained a stable NMDAR-mediated component throughout development but had a shift in the AMPAR paired-pulse ratio from depression to facilitation. Adult interlaminar inputs with facilitating AMPAR responses and a substantial NMDAR component would favor temporal integration of synaptic responses and could be modulated by NMDAR-dependent forms of plasticity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show for the first time input-specific developmental changes in the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor component and short-term plasticity of the excitatory drive onto layers 2/3 parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons in the visual cortex during the critical period. These developmental changes would lead to functionally distinct adult intralaminar and interlaminar glutamatergic inputs that would engage PV interneuron-mediated inhibition differently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Ferrer
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York.,Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York
| | - Helen Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York.,Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York.,Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Synaptic and circuit development of the primary sensory cortex. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-9. [PMID: 29628505 PMCID: PMC5938038 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals, including humans, optimize their primary sensory cortex through the use of input signals, which allow them to adapt to the external environment and survive. The time window at the beginning of life in which external input signals are connected sensitively and strongly to neural circuit optimization is called the critical period. The critical period has attracted the attention of many neuroscientists due to the rapid activity-/experience-dependent circuit development that occurs, which is clearly differentiated from other developmental time periods and brain areas. This process involves various types of GABAergic inhibitory neurons, the extracellular matrix, neuromodulators, transcription factors, and neurodevelopmental factors. In this review, I discuss recent progress regarding the biological nature of the critical period that contribute to a better understanding of brain development.
Collapse
|
23
|
Guan W, Cao JW, Liu LY, Zhao ZH, Fu Y, Yu YC. Eye opening differentially modulates inhibitory synaptic transmission in the developing visual cortex. eLife 2017; 6:32337. [PMID: 29227249 PMCID: PMC5746341 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye opening, a natural and timed event during animal development, influences cortical circuit assembly and maturation; yet, little is known about its precise effect on inhibitory synaptic connections. Here, we show that coinciding with eye opening, the strength of unitary inhibitory postsynaptic currents (uIPSCs) from somatostatin-expressing interneurons (Sst-INs) to nearby excitatory neurons, but not interneurons, sharply decreases in layer 2/3 of the mouse visual cortex. In contrast, the strength of uIPSCs from fast-spiking interneurons (FS-INs) to excitatory neurons significantly increases during eye opening. More importantly, these developmental changes can be prevented by dark rearing or binocular lid suture, and reproduced by the artificial opening of sutured lids. Mechanistically, this differential maturation of synaptic transmission is accompanied by a significant change in the postsynaptic quantal size. Together, our study reveals a differential regulation in GABAergic circuits in the cortex driven by eye opening may be crucial for cortical maturation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuqiang Guan
- Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Wei Cao
- Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Yun Liu
- Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Zhao
- Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Fu
- Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Chun Yu
- Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Distinct Physiological Maturation of Parvalbumin-Positive Neuron Subtypes in Mouse Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2017; 37:4883-4902. [PMID: 28408413 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3325-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons control the timing of pyramidal cell output in cortical neuron networks. In the prefrontal cortex (PFC), PV+ neuron activity is involved in cognitive function, suggesting that PV+ neuron maturation is critical for cognitive development. The two major PV+ neuron subtypes found in the PFC, chandelier cells (ChCs) and basket cells (BCs), are thought to play different roles in cortical circuits, but the trajectories of their physiological maturation have not been compared. Using two separate mouse lines, we found that in the mature PFC, both ChCs and BCs are abundant in superficial layer 2, but only BCs are present in deeper laminar locations. This distinctive laminar distribution was observed by postnatal day 12 (P12), when we first identified ChCs by the presence of axon cartridges. Electrophysiology analysis of excitatory synapse development, starting at P12, showed that excitatory drive remains low throughout development in ChCs, but increases rapidly before puberty in BCs, with an earlier time course in deeper-layer BCs. Consistent with a role of excitatory synaptic drive in the maturation of PV+ neuron firing properties, the fast-spiking phenotype showed different maturation trajectories between ChCs and BCs, and between superficial versus deep-layer BCs. ChC and BC maturation was nearly completed, via different trajectories, before the onset of puberty. These findings suggest that ChC and BC maturation may contribute differentially to the emergence of cognitive function, primarily during prepubertal development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons tightly control pyramidal cell output. Thus PV+ neuron maturation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial for cognitive development. However, the relative physiological maturation of the two major subtypes of PV+ neurons, chandelier cells (ChCs) and basket cells (BCs), has not been determined. We assessed the maturation of ChCs and BCs in different layers of the mouse PFC, and found that, from early postnatal age, ChCs and BCs differ in laminar location. Excitatory synapses and fast-spiking properties matured before the onset of puberty in both cell types, but following cell type-specific developmental trajectories. Hence, the physiological maturation of ChCs and BCs may contribute to the emergence of cognitive function differentially, and predominantly during prepubertal development.
Collapse
|