1
|
Li X, Mills WT, Jin DS, Meffert MK. Genome-wide and cell-type-selective profiling of in vivo small noncoding RNA:target RNA interactions by chimeric RNA sequencing. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100836. [PMID: 39127045 PMCID: PMC11384083 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) regulate biological processes by impacting post-transcriptional gene expression through repressing the translation and levels of targeted transcripts. Despite the clear biological importance of sncRNAs, approaches to unambiguously define genome-wide sncRNA:target RNA interactions remain challenging and not widely adopted. We present CIMERA-seq, a robust strategy incorporating covalent ligation of sncRNAs to their target RNAs within the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and direct detection of in vivo interactions by sequencing of the resulting chimeric RNAs. Modifications are incorporated to increase the capacity for processing low-abundance samples and permit cell-type-selective profiling of sncRNA:target RNA interactions, as demonstrated in mouse brain cortex. CIMERA-seq represents a cohesive and optimized method for unambiguously characterizing the in vivo network of sncRNA:target RNA interactions in numerous biological contexts and even subcellular fractions. Genome-wide and cell-type-selective CIMERA-seq enhances researchers' ability to study gene regulation by sncRNAs in diverse model systems and tissue types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinbei Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - William T Mills
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniel S Jin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mollie K Meffert
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhai P, Tong T, Wang X, Li C, Liu C, Qin X, Li S, Xie F, Mao J, Zhang J, Guo H. Nuclear miR-451a activates KDM7A and leads to cetuximab resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:282. [PMID: 38943031 PMCID: PMC11335205 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Cetuximab resistance has been a major challenge for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients receiving targeted therapy. However, the mechanism that causes cetuximab resistance, especially microRNA (miRNA) regulation, remains unclear. Growing evidence suggests that miRNAs may act as "nuclear activating miRNAs" for targeting promoter regions or enhancers related to target genes. This study elucidates a novel mechanism underlying cetuximab resistance in HNSCC involving the nuclear activation of KDM7A transcription via miR-451a. Herein, small RNA sequencing, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results provided compelling evidence of miR-451a nuclear enrichment in response to cetuximab treatment. Chromatin isolation via RNA purification, microarray analysis, and bioinformatic analysis revealed that miR-451a interacts with an enhancer region in KDM7A, activating its expression and further facilitating cetuximab resistance. It has also been demonstrated that the activation of KDM7A by nuclear miR-451a is induced by cetuximab treatment and is AGO2 dependent. Logistic regression analyses of 87 HNSCC samples indicated the significance of miR-451a and KDM7A in the development of cetuximab resistance. These discoveries support the potential of miR-451a and KDM7A as valuable biomarkers for cetuximab resistance and emphasize the function of nuclear-activating miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peisong Zhai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Tong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuwen Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Mao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiyan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Labusch M, Thetiot M, Than-Trong E, Morizet D, Coolen M, Varet H, Legendre R, Ortica S, Mancini L, Bally-Cuif L. Prosaposin maintains adult neural stem cells in a state associated with deep quiescence. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:515-528. [PMID: 38518783 PMCID: PMC11096431 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In most vertebrates, adult neural stem cells (NSCs) continuously give rise to neurons in discrete brain regions. A critical process for maintaining NSC pools over long periods of time in the adult brain is NSC quiescence, a reversible and tightly regulated state of cell-cycle arrest. Recently, lysosomes were identified to regulate the NSC quiescence-proliferation balance. However, it remains controversial whether lysosomal activity promotes NSC proliferation or quiescence, and a finer influence of lysosomal activity on NSC quiescence duration or depth remains unexplored. Using RNA sequencing and pharmacological manipulations, we show that lysosomes are necessary for NSC quiescence maintenance. In addition, we reveal that expression of psap, encoding the lysosomal regulator Prosaposin, is enriched in quiescent NSCs (qNSCs) that reside upstream in the NSC lineage and display a deep/long quiescence phase in the adult zebrafish telencephalon. We show that shRNA-mediated psap knockdown increases the proportion of activated NSCs (aNSCs) as well as NSCs that reside in shallower quiescence states (signed by ascl1a and deltaA expression). Collectively, our results identify the lysosomal protein Psap as a (direct or indirect) quiescence regulator and unfold the interplay between lysosomal function and NSC quiescence heterogeneities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Labusch
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Melina Thetiot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Than-Trong
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David Morizet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marion Coolen
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Platform Biomics, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Platform Biomics, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sara Ortica
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laure Mancini
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laure Bally-Cuif
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3738, Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Palsamy K, Chen JY, Skaggs K, Qadeer Y, Connors M, Cutler N, Richmond J, Kommidi V, Poles A, Affrunti D, Powell C, Goldman D, Parent JM. Microglial depletion after brain injury prolongs inflammation and impairs brain repair, adult neurogenesis and pro-regenerative signaling. Glia 2023; 71:2642-2663. [PMID: 37449457 PMCID: PMC10528132 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The adult zebrafish brain, unlike mammals, has a remarkable regenerative capacity. Although inflammation in part hinders regeneration in mammals, it is necessary for zebrafish brain repair. Microglia are resident brain immune cells that regulate the inflammatory response. To explore the microglial role in repair, we used liposomal clodronate or colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (csf1r) inhibitor to suppress microglia after brain injury, and also examined regeneration in two genetic mutant lines that lack microglia. We found that microglial ablation impaired telencephalic regeneration after injury. Microglial suppression attenuated cell proliferation at the intermediate progenitor cell amplification stage of neurogenesis. Notably, the loss of microglia impaired phospho-Stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and ß-Catenin signaling after injury. Furthermore, the ectopic activation of Stat3 and ß-Catenin rescued neurogenesis defects caused by microglial loss. Microglial suppression also prolonged the post-injury inflammatory phase characterized by neutrophil accumulation, likely hindering the resolution of inflammation. These findings reveal specific roles of microglia and inflammatory signaling during zebrafish telencephalic regeneration that should advance strategies to improve mammalian brain repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanagaraj Palsamy
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessica Y Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kaia Skaggs
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- University of Findlay, Findlay, Ohio, USA
| | - Yusuf Qadeer
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Meghan Connors
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Noah Cutler
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshua Richmond
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vineeth Kommidi
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Allison Poles
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Danielle Affrunti
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Curtis Powell
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jack M Parent
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Soureas K, Papadimitriou MA, Panoutsopoulou K, Pilala KM, Scorilas A, Avgeris M. Cancer quiescence: non-coding RNAs in the spotlight. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:843-858. [PMID: 37516569 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Cancer quiescence reflects the ability of cancer cells to enter a reversible slow-cycling or mitotically dormant state and represents a powerful self-protecting mechanism preventing cancer cell 'damage' from hypoxic conditions, nutrient deprivation, immune surveillance, and (chemo)therapy. When stress conditions are restrained, and tumor microenvironment becomes beneficial, quiescent cancer cells re-enter cell cycle to facilitate tumor spread and cancer progression/metastasis. Recent studies have highlighted the dynamic role of regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in orchestrating cancer quiescence. The elucidation of regulatory ncRNA networks will shed light on the quiescence-proliferation equilibrium and, ultimately, pave the way for new treatment options. Herein, we have summarized the ever-growing role of ncRNAs upon cancer quiescence regulation and their impact on treatment resistance and modern cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Soureas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'P. & A. Kyriakou' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Alexandra Papadimitriou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Panoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina-Marina Pilala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Margaritis Avgeris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry - Molecular Diagnostics, Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'P. & A. Kyriakou' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Westerich KJ, Tarbashevich K, Schick J, Gupta A, Zhu M, Hull K, Romo D, Zeuschner D, Goudarzi M, Gross-Thebing T, Raz E. Spatial organization and function of RNA molecules within phase-separated condensates in zebrafish are controlled by Dnd1. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1578-1592.e5. [PMID: 37463577 PMCID: PMC10528888 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Germ granules, condensates of phase-separated RNA and protein, are organelles that are essential for germline development in different organisms. The patterning of the granules and their relevance for germ cell fate are not fully understood. Combining three-dimensional in vivo structural and functional analyses, we study the dynamic spatial organization of molecules within zebrafish germ granules. We find that the localization of RNA molecules to the periphery of the granules, where ribosomes are localized, depends on translational activity at this location. In addition, we find that the vertebrate-specific Dead end (Dnd1) protein is essential for nanos3 RNA localization at the condensates' periphery. Accordingly, in the absence of Dnd1, or when translation is inhibited, nanos3 RNA translocates into the granule interior, away from the ribosomes, a process that is correlated with the loss of germ cell fate. These findings highlight the relevance of sub-granule compartmentalization for post-transcriptional control and its importance for preserving germ cell totipotency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Joana Westerich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Schick
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Antra Gupta
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Kenneth Hull
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mohammad Goudarzi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Theresa Gross-Thebing
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rashidi SK, Kalirad A, Rafie S, Behzad E, Dezfouli MA. The role of microRNAs in neurobiology and pathophysiology of the hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1226413. [PMID: 37727513 PMCID: PMC10506409 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1226413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding and well-conserved RNAs that are linked to many aspects of development and disorders. MicroRNAs control the expression of genes related to different biological processes and play a prominent role in the harmonious expression of many genes. During neural development of the central nervous system, miRNAs are regulated in time and space. In the mature brain, the dynamic expression of miRNAs continues, highlighting their functional importance in neurons. The hippocampus, as one of the crucial brain structures, is a key component of major functional connections in brain. Gene expression abnormalities in the hippocampus lead to disturbance in neurogenesis, neural maturation and synaptic formation. These disturbances are at the root of several neurological disorders and behavioral deficits, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and schizophrenia. There is strong evidence that abnormalities in miRNAs are contributed in neurodegenerative mechanisms in the hippocampus through imbalanced activity of ion channels, neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity and neuronal apoptosis. Some miRNAs affect oxidative stress, inflammation, neural differentiation, migration and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Furthermore, major signaling cascades in neurodegeneration, such as NF-Kβ signaling, PI3/Akt signaling and Notch pathway, are closely modulated by miRNAs. These observations, suggest that microRNAs are significant regulators in the complicated network of gene regulation in the hippocampus. In the current review, we focus on the miRNA functional role in the progression of normal development and neurogenesis of the hippocampus. We also consider how miRNAs in the hippocampus are crucial for gene expression mechanisms in pathophysiological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Khalil Rashidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ata Kalirad
- Department of Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shahram Rafie
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Neuroscience Lab, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Behzad
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Neuroscience Lab, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mitra Ansari Dezfouli
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Neuroscience Lab, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Westerich KJ, Tarbashevich K, Schick J, Gupta A, Zhu M, Hull K, Romo D, Zeuschner D, Goudarzi M, Gross-Thebing T, Raz E. Spatial organization and function of RNA molecules within phase-separated condensates are controlled by Dnd1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.09.548244. [PMID: 37461638 PMCID: PMC10350045 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.09.548244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Germ granules, condensates of phase-separated RNA and protein, are organelles essential for germline development in different organisms The patterning of the granules and its relevance for germ cell fate are not fully understood. Combining three-dimensional in vivo structural and functional analyses, we study the dynamic spatial organization of molecules within zebrafish germ granules. We find that localization of RNA molecules to the periphery of the granules, where ribosomes are localized depends on translational activity at this location. In addition, we find that the vertebrate-specific Dead end (Dnd1) protein is essential for nanos3 RNA localization at the condensates' periphery. Accordingly, in the absence of Dnd1, or when translation is inhibited, nanos3 RNA translocates into the granule interior, away from the ribosomes, a process that is correlated with loss of germ cell fate. These findings highlight the relevance of sub-granule compartmentalization for posttranscriptional control, and its importance for preserving germ cell totipotency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Joana Westerich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Schick
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Antra Gupta
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Kenneth Hull
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mohammad Goudarzi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Theresa Gross-Thebing
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Morree A, Rando TA. Regulation of adult stem cell quiescence and its functions in the maintenance of tissue integrity. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:334-354. [PMID: 36922629 PMCID: PMC10725182 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are important for mammalian tissues, where they act as a cell reserve that supports normal tissue turnover and can mount a regenerative response following acute injuries. Quiescent stem cells are well established in certain tissues, such as skeletal muscle, brain, and bone marrow. The quiescent state is actively controlled and is essential for long-term maintenance of stem cell pools. In this Review, we discuss the importance of maintaining a functional pool of quiescent adult stem cells, including haematopoietic stem cells, skeletal muscle stem cells, neural stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells such as fibro-adipogenic progenitors, to ensure tissue maintenance and repair. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate the entry into, maintenance of, and exit from the quiescent state in mice. Recent studies revealed that quiescent stem cells have a discordance between RNA and protein levels, indicating the importance of post-transcriptional mechanisms, such as alternative polyadenylation, alternative splicing, and translation repression, in the control of stem cell quiescence. Understanding how these mechanisms guide stem cell function during homeostasis and regeneration has important implications for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine de Morree
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair, and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang WH, Jiang L, Li M, Liu J. MicroRNA‑124: an emerging therapeutic target in central nervous system disorders. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1215-1226. [PMID: 36961552 PMCID: PMC10129929 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of neuron and non-neuron cells including neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs), neuroblasts, glia cells (mainly astrocyte, oligodendroglia and microglia), which thereby form a precise and complicated network and exert diverse functions through interactions of numerous bioactive ingredients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), with small size approximately ~ 21nt and as well-documented post-transcriptional key regulators of gene expression, are a cluster of evolutionarily conserved endogenous non-coding RNAs. More than 2000 different miRNAs has been discovered till now. MicroRNA-124(miR-124), the most brain-rich microRNA, has been validated to possess important functions in the central nervous system, including neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, cell fate determination, neuron migration, synapse plasticity and cognition, cell apoptosis etc. According to recent studies, herein, we provide a review of this conversant miR-124 to further understand the potential functions and therapeutic and clinical value in brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA Medical School/Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100095, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050010, China
| | - Lian Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050010, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050010, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA Medical School/Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100095, China.
- Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Chaoyang District, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liao WL, Liu YF, Ying TH, Shieh JC, Hung YT, Lee HJ, Shen CY, Cheng CW. Inhibitory Effects of Ursolic Acid on the Stemness and Progression of Human Breast Cancer Cells by Modulating Argonaute-2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010366. [PMID: 36613808 PMCID: PMC9820512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The stemness and metastasis of cancer cells are crucial features in determining cancer progression. Argonaute-2 (AGO2) overexpression was reported to be associated with microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, supporting the self-renewal and differentiation characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Ursolic acid (UA), a triterpene compound, has multiple biological functions, including anticancer activity. In this study, we find that UA inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines using the CCK-8 assay. UA induced a significant decrease in the fraction of CSC in which it was examined by changes in the expression of stemness biomarkers, including the Nanog and Oct4 genes. UA altered invasion and migration capacities by significant decreases in the levels of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins of slug and vimentin. Furthermore, the co-reduction in oncogenic miRNA levels (miR-9 and miR-221) was a result of the down-modulation in AGO2 in breast cancer cells in vitro. Mechanically, UA increases PTEN expression to inactivate the FAK/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and the decreased level of c-Myc in quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot imaging analyses. Our current understanding of the anticancer potential of UA in interrupting between EMT programming and the state of CSC suggests that UA can contribute to improvements in the clinical practice of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Liao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40433, Taiwan
- Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40433, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ho Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ching Shieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Tzu Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jane Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40433, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.S.); (C.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2789-9036 (C.-Y.S.); +886-4-2473-0022 (ext. 11677) (C.-W.C.); Fax: +886-2-2782-3047 (C.-Y.S.); +886-4-2372-3229 (C.-W.C.)
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.S.); (C.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2789-9036 (C.-Y.S.); +886-4-2473-0022 (ext. 11677) (C.-W.C.); Fax: +886-2-2782-3047 (C.-Y.S.); +886-4-2372-3229 (C.-W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Penning A, Tosoni G, Abiega O, Bielefeld P, Gasperini C, De Pietri Tonelli D, Fitzsimons CP, Salta E. Adult Neural Stem Cell Regulation by Small Non-coding RNAs: Physiological Significance and Pathological Implications. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:781434. [PMID: 35058752 PMCID: PMC8764185 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.781434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult neurogenic niches are complex multicellular systems, receiving regulatory input from a multitude of intracellular, juxtacrine, and paracrine signals and biological pathways. Within the niches, adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) generate astrocytic and neuronal progeny, with the latter predominating in physiological conditions. The new neurons generated from this neurogenic process are functionally linked to memory, cognition, and mood regulation, while much less is known about the functional contribution of aNSC-derived newborn astrocytes and adult-born oligodendrocytes. Accumulating evidence suggests that the deregulation of aNSCs and their progeny can impact, or can be impacted by, aging and several brain pathologies, including neurodevelopmental and mood disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and also by insults, such as epileptic seizures, stroke, or traumatic brain injury. Hence, understanding the regulatory underpinnings of aNSC activation, differentiation, and fate commitment could help identify novel therapeutic avenues for a series of pathological conditions. Over the last two decades, small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of NSC fate determination in the adult neurogenic niches. In this review, we synthesize prior knowledge on how sncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), may impact NSC fate determination in the adult brain and we critically assess the functional significance of these events. We discuss the concepts that emerge from these examples and how they could be used to provide a framework for considering aNSC (de)regulation in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Penning
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Tosoni
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Oihane Abiega
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pascal Bielefeld
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Caterina Gasperini
- Neurobiology of miRNAs Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Carlos P. Fitzsimons
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Evgenia Salta
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Challenges and Opportunities in the Development of MicroRNA Therapeutics: A Multidisciplinary Viewpoint. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113097. [PMID: 34831320 PMCID: PMC8619171 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs) are emerging as attractive therapeutic targets because of their small size, specific targetability, and critical role in disease pathogenesis. However, <20 miR targeting molecules have entered clinical trials, and none progressed to phase III. The difficulties in miR target identification, the moderate efficacy of miR inhibitors, cell type-specific delivery, and adverse outcomes have impeded the development of miR therapeutics. These hurdles are rooted in the functional complexity of miR's role in disease and sequence complementarity-dependent/-independent effects in nontarget tissues. The advances in understanding miR's role in disease, the development of efficient miR inhibitors, and innovative delivery approaches have helped resolve some of these hurdles. In this review, we provide a multidisciplinary viewpoint on the challenges and opportunities in the development of miR therapeutics.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cheng X, Li W, Zhao R, Li H, Qin J, Tian M, Zhang X, Jin G. The role of hippocampal niche exosomes in rat hippocampal neurogenesis after fimbria-fornix transection. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100188. [PMID: 33334882 PMCID: PMC7948408 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes transfer signaling molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs to facilitate cell–cell communication and play an important role in the stem cell microenvironment. In previous work, we demonstrated that rat fimbria–fornix transection (FFT) enhances neurogenesis from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subgranular zone (SGZ). However, how neurogenesis is modulated after denervation remains unknown. Here, we investigated whether exosomes in a denervated hippocampal niche may affect neurogenesis. Using the FFT rat model, we extracted hippocampal exosomes and identified them using western blots, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle size measurement. We also used RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of exosomes to identify noncoding RNA expression profiles and neurogenesis-related miRNAs, respectively. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated 9 upregulated and 15 downregulated miRNAs. miR-3559-3P and miR-6324 increased gradually after FFT. Thus, we investigated the function of miR-3559-3P and miR-6324 with NSC proliferation and differentiation assays. Transfection of miR-3559-3p and miR-6324 mimics inhibited the proliferation of NSCs and promoted the differentiation of NSCs into neurons, while miR-3559-3p and miR-6324 inhibitors promoted NSC proliferation and inhibited neuronal differentiation. Additionally, the exosome marker molecules CD9, CD63, and Alix were expressed in exosomes extracted from the hippocampal niche. Finally, TEM showed that exosomes were ∼100 nm in diameter and had a “saucer-like” bilayer membrane structure. Taken together, these findings suggest that differentially expressed exosomes and their related miRNAs in the denervated hippocampal niche can promote differentiation of NSCs into neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rongzhen Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haoming Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Meiling Tian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institue of Neurobiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China; Key Laboratory Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alwin Prem Anand A, Alvarez-Bolado G, Wizenmann A. MiR-9 and the Midbrain-Hindbrain Boundary: A Showcase for the Limited Functional Conservation and Regulatory Complexity of MicroRNAs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586158. [PMID: 33330463 PMCID: PMC7719755 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. Some of them appear to regulate brain development and are involved in neurodevelopmental disorders. This has led to the suggestion that the role of microRNAs in neuronal development and function may be more central than previously appreciated. Here, we review the data about miR-9 function to depict the subtlety, complexity, flexibility and limited functional conservation of this essential developmental regulatory system. On this basis we propose that species-specific actions of miR-9 could underlie to a large degree species differences in brain size, shape and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Alwin Prem Anand
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Wizenmann
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reoccurring neural stem cell divisions in the adult zebrafish telencephalon are sufficient for the emergence of aggregated spatiotemporal patterns. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000708. [PMID: 33290409 PMCID: PMC7748264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of quiescence and cell cycle entry is pivotal for the maintenance of stem cell populations. Regulatory mechanisms, however, are poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear how the activity of single stem cells is coordinated within the population or if cells divide in a purely random fashion. We addressed this issue by analyzing division events in an adult neural stem cell (NSC) population of the zebrafish telencephalon. Spatial statistics and mathematical modeling of over 80,000 NSCs in 36 brain hemispheres revealed weakly aggregated, nonrandom division patterns in space and time. Analyzing divisions at 2 time points allowed us to infer cell cycle and S-phase lengths computationally. Interestingly, we observed rapid cell cycle reentries in roughly 15% of newly born NSCs. In agent-based simulations of NSC populations, this redividing activity sufficed to induce aggregated spatiotemporal division patterns that matched the ones observed experimentally. In contrast, omitting redivisions leads to a random spatiotemporal distribution of dividing cells. Spatiotemporal aggregation of dividing stem cells can thus emerge solely from the cells’ history. An interdisciplinary study of the rules governing cell divisions in a population of neural stem cells in the zebrafish brain reveals the existence of aggregated spatio-temporal division patterns of rapid cell cycles in stem cells, and shows that these patterns can be explained by a simple agent-based model relying solely on the cells‘ division history.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou M, Jia X, Wan H, Wang S, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Wang Y. miR-9 and miR-263 Regulate the Key Genes of the ERK Pathway in the Ovary of Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:594-606. [PMID: 32651722 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mud crab Scylla paramamosain is one of the most important economic crabs in China. The molecular regulatory mechanism of ovarian development has received considerable attention in recent years. Some studies found that ERK (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase) signaling pathway plays an important role in ovarian development and is negatively regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the study about the regulation of miRNA on the ERK pathway in crustacean's ovary remains unknown. In this study, the target genes of the ERK signaling pathway regulated by selected miRNAs identified from the ovary of mud crab in our previous research were predicted by using bioinformatics tools. The results showed that the ERK2 might be a target gene of miR-9c, miR-263a, and miR-263b; MEK2 may be a target gene of miR-263a; and Rap-1b may be a target gene of miR-9, miR-9c, and miR-263a. Results of in vitro dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that the relative luciferase activities were significantly lower in HEK293T cells co-transfected with the combination of miRNA mimics and pmir-RB-REPORTTM-target gene-3'UTR than those with the combination of mimics NC and pmir-RB-REPORTTM-target gene-3'UTR. In contrast, the relative luciferase activities were significantly higher in HEK293T cells co-transfected with miRNA inhibitor than those with inhibitor NC. To further validate in vitro results, the miRNA reagents were injected into the living female mud crabs, and the expression levels of miRNAs and target genes after the injection were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The in vivo experimental results showed that miRNAs (miR-9c/miR-263a) agomir (enhancers)/antagomir (inhibitors) can enhance/decrease the expression of two miRNAs, respectively, and the expression of target genes in the ovary was declined/increased after injection of agomir/antagomir reagent. In conclusion, miR-9/miR-263 can negatively regulate the expression of the ERK pathway genes (ERK2, MEK2, and Rap-1b) in the ovary of mud crab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingcan Zhou
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiwei Jia
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Haifu Wan
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yilei Wang
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Labusch M, Mancini L, Morizet D, Bally-Cuif L. Conserved and Divergent Features of Adult Neurogenesis in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:525. [PMID: 32695781 PMCID: PMC7338623 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, i.e., the generation of neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain, contributes to brain plasticity in all vertebrates. It varies, however, greatly in extent, location and physiological characteristics between species. During the last decade, the teleost zebrafish (D. rerio) was increasingly used to study the molecular and cellular properties of adult NSCs, in particular as a prominent NSC population was discovered at the ventricular surface of the dorsal telencephalon (pallium), in territories homologous to the adult neurogenic niches of rodents. This model, for its specific features (large NSC population, amenability to intravital imaging, high regenerative capacity) allowed rapid progress in the characterization of basic adult NSC features. We review here these findings, with specific comparisons with the situation in rodents. We specifically discuss the cellular nature of NSCs (astroglial or neuroepithelial cells), their heterogeneities and their neurogenic lineages, and the mechanisms controlling NSC quiescence and fate choices, which all impact the neurogenic output. We further discuss the regulation of NSC activity in response to physiological triggers and non-physiological conditions such as regenerative contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Labusch
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3738, CNRS, Team Supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Laure Mancini
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3738, CNRS, Team Supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - David Morizet
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3738, CNRS, Team Supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Laure Bally-Cuif
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3738, CNRS, Team Supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
MicroRNAs as regulators of brain function and targets for treatment of epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 16:506-519. [DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-0369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
20
|
Hromowyk KJ, Talbot JC, Martin BL, Janssen PML, Amacher SL. Cell fusion is differentially regulated in zebrafish post-embryonic slow and fast muscle. Dev Biol 2020; 462:85-100. [PMID: 32165147 PMCID: PMC7225055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fusion occurs during development, growth, and regeneration. To investigate how muscle fusion compares among different muscle cell types and developmental stages, we studied muscle cell fusion over time in wild-type, myomaker (mymk), and jam2a mutant zebrafish. Using live imaging, we show that embryonic myoblast elongation and fusion correlate tightly with slow muscle cell migration. In wild-type embryos, only fast muscle fibers are multinucleate, consistent with previous work showing that the cell fusion regulator gene mymk is specifically expressed throughout the embryonic fast muscle domain. However, by 3 weeks post-fertilization, slow muscle fibers also become multinucleate. At this late-larval stage, mymk is not expressed in muscle fibers, but is expressed in small cells near muscle fibers. Although previous work showed that both mymk and jam2a are required for embryonic fast muscle cell fusion, we observe that muscle force and function is almost normal in mymk and jam2a mutant embryos, despite the lack of fast muscle multinucleation. We show that genetic requirements change post-embryonically, with jam2a becoming much less important by late-larval stages and mymk now required for muscle fusion and growth in both fast and slow muscle cell types. Correspondingly, adult mymk mutants perform poorly in sprint and endurance tests compared to wild-type and jam2a mutants. We show that adult mymk mutant muscle contains small mononucleate myofibers with average myonuclear domain size equivalent to that in wild type adults. The mymk mutant fibers have decreased Laminin expression and increased numbers of Pax7-positive cells, suggesting that impaired fiber growth and active regeneration contribute to the muscle phenotype. Our findings identify several aspects of muscle fusion that change with time in slow and fast fibers as zebrafish develop beyond embryonic stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Hromowyk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jared C Talbot
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Brit L Martin
- Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sharon L Amacher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for Muscle Health and Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jurisch-Yaksi N, Yaksi E, Kizil C. Radial glia in the zebrafish brain: Functional, structural, and physiological comparison with the mammalian glia. Glia 2020; 68:2451-2470. [PMID: 32476207 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The neuroscience community has witnessed a tremendous expansion of glia research. Glial cells are now on center stage with leading roles in the development, maturation, and physiology of brain circuits. Over the course of evolution, glia have highly diversified and include the radial glia, astroglia or astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells, each having dedicated functions in the brain. The zebrafish, a small teleost fish, is no exception to this and recent evidences point to evolutionarily conserved roles for glia in the development and physiology of its nervous system. Due to its small size, transparency, and genetic amenability, the zebrafish has become an increasingly prominent animal model for brain research. It has enabled the study of neural circuits from individual cells to entire brains, with a precision unmatched in other vertebrate models. Moreover, its high neurogenic and regenerative potential has attracted a lot of attention from the research community focusing on neural stem cells and neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, studies using zebrafish have the potential to provide fundamental insights about brain development and function, and also elucidate neural and molecular mechanisms of neurological diseases. We will discuss here recent discoveries on the diverse roles of radial glia and astroglia in neurogenesis, in modulating neuronal activity and in regulating brain homeostasis at the brain barriers. By comparing insights made in various animal models, particularly mammals and zebrafish, our goal is to highlight the similarities and differences in glia biology among species, which could set new paradigms relevant to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emre Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Caghan Kizil
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
New insights into the regulatory roles of microRNAs in adult neurogenesis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 50:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
23
|
Nawalpuri B, Ravindran S, Muddashetty RS. The Role of Dynamic miRISC During Neuronal Development. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:8. [PMID: 32118035 PMCID: PMC7025485 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent protein synthesis plays an important role during neuronal development by fine-tuning the formation and function of neuronal circuits. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs are integral to this regulation because of their ability to control protein synthesis in a rapid, specific and potentially reversible manner. miRNA mediated regulation is a multistep process that involves inhibition of translation before degradation of targeted mRNA, which provides the possibility to store and reverse the inhibition at multiple stages. This flexibility is primarily thought to be derived from the composition of miRNA induced silencing complex (miRISC). AGO2 is likely the only obligatory component of miRISC, while multiple RBPs are shown to be associated with this core miRISC to form diverse miRISC complexes. The formation of these heterogeneous miRISC complexes is intricately regulated by various extracellular signals and cell-specific contexts. In this review, we discuss the composition of miRISC and its functions during neuronal development. Neurodevelopment is guided by both internal programs and external cues. Neuronal activity and external signals play an important role in the formation and refining of the neuronal network. miRISC composition and diversity have a critical role at distinct stages of neurodevelopment. Even though there is a good amount of literature available on the role of miRNAs mediated regulation of neuronal development, surprisingly the role of miRISC composition and its functional dynamics in neuronal development is not much discussed. In this article, we review the available literature on the heterogeneity of the neuronal miRISC composition and how this may influence translation regulation in the context of neuronal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Nawalpuri
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (Instem), Bangalore, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Shanmugha Arts, Science, and Technology and Research Academy (SASTRA) University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sreenath Ravindran
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (Instem), Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ravi S Muddashetty
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (Instem), Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xiao P, Zhang X, Li Y, Ma Z, Si S, Gao X. miR-9 inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and expression levels of apoptosis genes Bcl-2 and Bax in depression model rats through Notch pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:551-556. [PMID: 31853322 PMCID: PMC6909800 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-9 on neuronal apoptosis and expression levels of apoptosis genes B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) in depression model rats, as well as its regulatory mechanism, were investigated. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (n=10), model group (n=10) and miR-9 inhibitor group (n=10). The rat model of depression was established using the chronic stress method. The learning and memory abilities of rats were detected via water maze test, the neuronal morphology of the brain was detected using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the levels of serum Bcl-2 and Bax were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Moreover, the neuronal apoptosis in the brain was determined through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and the protein levels of Notch1 and Hes1 in brain tissues were measured via western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, the rats in the model group presented significantly decreased learning and memory abilities, poor neuronal morphology of the brain, significantly higher neuronal apoptosis rate in the brain, decreased level of serum Bcl-2, increased level of serum Bax, and significantly decreased protein levels of Notch1 and Hes1 in brain tissues. Compared with the model group, the rats in miR-9 inhibitor group showed obviously improved learning and memory abilities, improved neuronal morphology of the brain, an obviously lower neuronal apoptosis rate in the brain, increased level of serum Bcl-2, decreased level of serum Bax, and obviously increased protein levels of Notch1 and Hes1 in brain tissues. In conclusion, miR-9 inhibitor can promote the neurological function recovery and inhibit the neuronal apoptosis of depression model rats through activating the Notch signaling pathway, suggesting that miR-9 can be an important therapeutic target for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyi Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Si
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, P.R. China
| | - Xinxue Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272051, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zajdel M, Rymkiewicz G, Sromek M, Cieslikowska M, Swoboda P, Kulinczak M, Goryca K, Bystydzienski Z, Blachnio K, Ostrowska B, Borysiuk A, Druzd-Sitek A, Walewski J, Chechlinska M, Siwicki JK. Tumor and Cerebrospinal Fluid microRNAs in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1647. [PMID: 31731456 PMCID: PMC6895823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare, highly aggressive, extranodal form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, predominantly diagnosed as primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS DLBCL). Fast and precise diagnosis of PCNSL is critical yet challenging. microRNAs, important regulators in physiology and pathology are potential biomarkers. In 131 patients with CNS DLBCL and with non-malignant brain lesions (n-ML), miR-21, miR-19b and miR-92a, miR-155, miR-196b, miR-let-7b, miR-125b, and miR-9 were examined by RT-qPCR in brain biopsy samples (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, FFPET; CNS DLBCL, n = 52; n-ML, n = 42) and cerebrospinal fluid samples (CSF; CNS DLBCL, n = 30; n-ML, n = 23) taken for routine diagnosis. FFPET samples were split into study and validation sets. Significantly higher CSF levels of miR-21, miR-19b, and miR-92a were identified in PCNSL but not in n-ML, and differentiated PCNSL from n-ML with 63.33% sensitivity and 80.77% specificity. In FFPETs, miR-155 and miR-196b were significantly overexpressed and miR-let-7b, miR-125b, and miR-9 were downregulated in PCNSL as compared to n-ML. Combined miR-155 and miR-let-7b expression levels in FFPETs discriminated PCNSL and n-ML with a 97% accuracy. In conclusion, tissue miR-155, miR-196b, miR-9, miR-125b, and miR-let-7b expression profiles differentiate PCNSL from n-ML. PCNSL CSFs and the relevant biopsy samples are characterized by specific, different microRNA profiles. A logistic regression model is proposed to discriminate between PCNSL and non-malignant brain lesions. None of the examined microRNAs influenced overall survival of PCNSL patients. Further ongoing developments involve next generation sequencing-based profiling of biopsy and CSF samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Zajdel
- Department of Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.)
| | - Grzegorz Rymkiewicz
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (G.R.)
| | - Maria Sromek
- Department of Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.)
| | - Maria Cieslikowska
- Department of Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.)
| | - Pawel Swoboda
- Department of Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.)
| | - Mariusz Kulinczak
- Department of Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.)
| | - Krzysztof Goryca
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
- Core Facilities CeNT, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bystydzienski
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (G.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Blachnio
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (G.R.)
| | - Beata Ostrowska
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Borysiuk
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (G.R.)
| | - Agnieszka Druzd-Sitek
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Walewski
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chechlinska
- Department of Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.)
| | - Jan Konrad Siwicki
- Department of Immunology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute—Oncology Center, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yu S, He J. Stochastic cell-cycle entry and cell-state-dependent fate outputs of injury-reactivated tectal radial glia in zebrafish. eLife 2019; 8:48660. [PMID: 31442201 PMCID: PMC6707787 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliosis defined as reactive changes of resident glia is the primary response of the central nervous system (CNS) to trauma. The proliferation and fate controls of injury-reactivated glia are essential but remain largely unexplored. In zebrafish optic tectum, we found that stab injury drove a subset of radial glia (RG) into the cell cycle, and surprisingly, proliferative RG responding to sequential injuries of the same site were distinct but overlapping, which was in agreement with stochastic cell-cycle entry. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and functional assays further revealed the involvement of Notch/Delta lateral inhibition in this stochastic cell-cycle entry. Furthermore, the long-term clonal analysis showed that proliferative RG were largely gliogenic. Notch inhibition of reactive RG, not dormant and proliferative RG, resulted in an increased production of neurons, which were short-lived. Our findings gain new insights into the proliferation and fate controls of injury-reactivated CNS glia in zebrafish. The brain contains networks of cells known as neurons that rapidly relay information from one place to another. Other brain cells called glial cells perform several roles to support and protect the neurons including holding them in position and supplying them with oxygen and other nutrients. Damage to the brain as a result of physical injuries is one of the leading causes of death and disability in people worldwide. Brain injuries generally stimulate glial cells to enter a “reactive” state to help repair the damage. However, some glial cells may start to divide and produce more glial cells instead, leading to scar-like structures in the brain that hinder the repair process. To investigate why brain injuries trigger some glial cells to divide, Yu and He systematically examined glial cells in the part of the zebrafish brain that handles vision, known as the optic tectum. The experiments showed that a physical injury stimulated some of the glial cells to divide. Repeated injuries to the same part of the brain did not always stimulate the same glial cells to divide, suggesting that this process happens in random cells. Further experiments revealed that molecules involved in a signaling pathway known as Notch signaling were released from some brain cells and inhibited neighboring glial cells from dividing to make new glial cells. Unexpectedly, inhibiting Notch signaling after a brain injury caused some of the glial cells that were in the reactive state to divide to produce neurons instead of glial cells. Understanding how the brain responds to injury may help researchers develop new therapies that may benefit human patients in future. The next steps following on from this work will be to find out whether glial cells in humans and other mammals work in the same way as glial cells in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Madelaine R, Notwell JH, Skariah G, Halluin C, Chen CC, Bejerano G, Mourrain P. A screen for deeply conserved non-coding GWAS SNPs uncovers a MIR-9-2 functional mutation associated to retinal vasculature defects in human. Nucleic Acids Res 2019. [PMID: 29518216 PMCID: PMC5909433 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of human disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) lie in the non-coding genome, but only a handful have been demonstrated to affect gene expression and human biology. We computationally identified risk-associated SNPs in deeply conserved non-exonic elements (CNEs) potentially contributing to 45 human diseases. We further demonstrated that human CNE1/rs17421627 associated with retinal vasculature defects showed transcriptional activity in the zebrafish retina, while introducing the risk-associated allele completely abolished CNE1 enhancer activity. Furthermore, deletion of CNE1 led to retinal vasculature defects and to a specific downregulation of microRNA-9, rather than MEF2C as predicted by the original genome-wide association studies. Consistent with these results, miR-9 depletion affects retinal vasculature formation, demonstrating MIR-9-2 as a critical gene underpinning the associated trait. Importantly, we validated that other CNEs act as transcriptional enhancers that can be disrupted by conserved non-coding SNPs. This study uncovers disease-associated non-coding mutations that are deeply conserved, providing a path for in vivo testing to reveal their cis-regulated genes and biological roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Madelaine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Gemini Skariah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Caroline Halluin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Gill Bejerano
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Philippe Mourrain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,INSERM 1024, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris, 75005, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Celikkaya H, Cosacak MI, Papadimitriou C, Popova S, Bhattarai P, Biswas SN, Siddiqui T, Wistorf S, Nevado-Alcalde I, Naumann L, Mashkaryan V, Brandt K, Freudenberg U, Werner C, Kizil C. GATA3 Promotes the Neural Progenitor State but Not Neurogenesis in 3D Traumatic Injury Model of Primary Human Cortical Astrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:23. [PMID: 30809125 PMCID: PMC6380212 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are abundant cell types in the vertebrate central nervous system and can act as neural stem cells in specialized niches where they constitutively generate new neurons. Outside the stem cell niches, however, these glial cells are not neurogenic. Although injuries in the mammalian central nervous system lead to profound proliferation of astrocytes, which cluster at the lesion site to form a gliotic scar, neurogenesis does not take place. Therefore, a plausible regenerative therapeutic option is to coax the endogenous reactive astrocytes to a pre-neurogenic progenitor state and use them as an endogenous reservoir for repair. However, little is known on the mechanisms that promote the neural progenitor state after injuries in humans. Gata3 was previously found to be a mechanism that zebrafish brain uses to injury-dependent induction of neural progenitors. However, the effects of GATA3 in human astrocytes after injury are not known. Therefore, in this report, we investigated how overexpression of GATA3 in primary human astrocytes would affect the neurogenic potential before and after injury in 2D and 3D cultures. We found that primary human astrocytes are unable to induce GATA3 after injury. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of GATA3 significantly increased the number of GFAP/SOX2 double positive astrocytes and expression of pro-neural factor ASCL1, but failed to induce neurogenesis, suggesting that GATA3 is required for enhancing the neurogenic potential of primary human astrocytes and is not sufficient to induce neurogenesis alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Celikkaya
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mehmet Ilyas Cosacak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Stanislava Popova
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Srijeeta Nag Biswas
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tohid Siddiqui
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabrina Wistorf
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Isabel Nevado-Alcalde
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Naumann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Violeta Mashkaryan
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brandt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Caghan Kizil
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Obermann J, Wagner F, Kociaj A, Zambusi A, Ninkovic J, Hauck SM, Chapouton P. The Surface Proteome of Adult Neural Stem Cells in Zebrafish Unveils Long-Range Cell-Cell Connections and Age-Related Changes in Responsiveness to IGF. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:258-273. [PMID: 30639211 PMCID: PMC6373494 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult stem cell populations, recruitment into division is parsimonious and most cells maintain a quiescent state. How individual cells decide to enter the cell cycle and how they coordinate their activity remains an essential problem to be resolved. It is thus important to develop methods to elucidate the mechanisms of cell communication and recruitment into the cell cycle. We made use of the advantageous architecture of the adult zebrafish telencephalon to isolate the surface proteins of an intact neural stem cell (NSC) population. We identified the proteome of NSCs in young and old brains. The data revealed a group of proteins involved in filopodia, which we validated by a morphological analysis of single cells, showing apically located cellular extensions. We further identified an age-related decrease in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors. Expressing IGF2b induced divisions in young brains but resulted in incomplete divisions in old brains, stressing the role of cell-intrinsic processes in stem cell behavior. The cell-surface proteome of an intact adult neural stem cell population was identified Zebrafish adult neural stem cells harbor filopodia on their apical surface Aging neural stem cells display an altered mitotic response to IGF ligands
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jara Obermann
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Heidemannstrasse 1, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Felicia Wagner
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Heidemannstrasse 1, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Anita Kociaj
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alessandro Zambusi
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, BMC, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, BMC, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Heidemannstrasse 1, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Prisca Chapouton
- Research Unit Sensory Biology and Organogenesis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kizil C, Bhattarai P. Is Alzheimer's Also a Stem Cell Disease? - The Zebrafish Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:159. [PMID: 30533414 PMCID: PMC6265475 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and is the leading form of dementia. AD entails chronic inflammation, impaired synaptic integrity and reduced neurogenesis. The clinical and molecular onsets of the disease do not temporally overlap and the initiation phase of the cellular changes might start with a complex causativeness between chronic inflammation, reduced neural stem cell plasticity and neurogenesis. Although the immune and neuronal aspects in AD are well studied, the neural stem cell-related features are far less investigated. An intriguing question is, therefore, whether a stem cell can ever be made proliferative and neurogenic during the prevalent AD in the brain. Recent findings affirm this hypothesis and thus a plausible way to circumvent the AD phenotypes could be to mobilize the endogenous stem cells by enhancing their proliferative and neurogenic capacity as well as to provide the newborn neurons the potential to survive and integrate into the existing circuitry. To address these questions, zebrafish offers unprecedented information and tools, which can be effectively translated into mammalian experimental systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caghan Kizil
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Contreras EG, Egger B, Gold KS, Brand AH. Dynamic Notch signalling regulates neural stem cell state progression in the Drosophila optic lobe. Neural Dev 2018; 13:25. [PMID: 30466475 PMCID: PMC6251220 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-018-0123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neural stem cells generate all of the neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system, both during development and in the adult to maintain homeostasis. In the Drosophila optic lobe, neuroepithelial cells progress through two transient progenitor states, PI and PII, before transforming into neuroblasts. Here we analyse the role of Notch signalling in the transition from neuroepithelial cells to neuroblasts. Results We observed dynamic regulation of Notch signalling: strong activity in PI progenitors, low signalling in PII progenitors, and increased activity after neuroblast transformation. Ectopic expression of the Notch ligand Delta induced the formation of ectopic PI progenitors. Interestingly, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Neuralized, regulates Delta levels and Notch signalling activity at the transition zone. We demonstrate that the proneural transcription factor, Lethal of scute, is essential to induce expression of Neuralized and promote the transition from the PI progenitor to the PII progenitor state. Conclusions Our results show dynamic regulation of Notch signalling activity in the transition from neuroepithelial cells to neuroblasts. We propose a model in which Lethal of scute activates Notch signalling in a non-cell autonomous manner by regulating the expression of Neuralized, thereby promoting the progression between different neural stem cell states. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13064-018-0123-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban G Contreras
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Boris Egger
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.,Present Address: Department of Biology, Zoology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Katrina S Gold
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Andrea H Brand
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Oliver RJ, Mandyam CD. Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis by Non-coding RNAs: Implications for Substance Use Disorders. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:849. [PMID: 30524229 PMCID: PMC6261985 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)has been one of the central findings from early genomic sequencing studies. Not only was the presence of these genes unknown previously, it was the staggering disproportionate share of the genome that was predicted to be encoded by ncRNAs that was truly significant in genomic research. Over the years the function of various classes of these ncRNAs has been revealed. One of the first and enduring regulatory programs associated with these factors was development. In the neurosciences, the discovery of adult derived populations of dividing cells within the brain was equally substantial. The brain was hypothesized to be plastic only in its neuronal connectivity, but the discovery of the generation of new neurons was a novel mechanism of neuronal and behavioral plasticity. The process of adult neurogenesis resembles early neuronal development and has been found to share many parallels in the proper stages of specified genetic programs. Adult neurogenesis has also been found to play a role in learning and memory involved in particular hippocampal-dependent behaviors. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are an example of a behavioral condition that is associated with and possibly driven by hippocampal alterations. Our laboratory has determined that hippocampal adult neurogenesis is necessary for a rodent model of methamphetamine relapse. Due to the previous research on ncRNAs in development and in other brain regions involved in SUDs, we posit that ncRNAs may play a role in adult neurogenesis associated with this disorder. This review will cover the regulatory mechanisms of various classes of ncRNAs on the coordinated genetic program associated with adult neurogenesis with a special focus on how these programs could be dysregulated in SUDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Oliver
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Chitra D Mandyam
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Stappert L, Klaus F, Brüstle O. MicroRNAs Engage in Complex Circuits Regulating Adult Neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:707. [PMID: 30455620 PMCID: PMC6230569 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The finding that the adult mammalian brain is still capable of producing neurons has ignited a new field of research aiming to identify the molecular mechanisms regulating adult neurogenesis. An improved understanding of these mechanisms could lead to the development of novel approaches to delay cognitive decline and facilitate neuroregeneration in the adult human brain. Accumulating evidence suggest microRNAs (miRNAs), which represent a class of post-transcriptional gene expression regulators, as crucial part of the gene regulatory networks governing adult neurogenesis. This review attempts to illustrate how miRNAs modulate key processes in the adult neurogenic niche by interacting with each other and with transcriptional regulators. We discuss the function of miRNAs in adult neurogenesis following the life-journey of an adult-born neuron from the adult neural stem cell (NSCs) compartment to its final target site. We first survey how miRNAs control the initial step of adult neurogenesis, that is the transition of quiescent to activated proliferative adult NSCs, and then go on to discuss the role of miRNAs to regulate neuronal differentiation, survival, and functional integration of the newborn neurons. In this context, we highlight miRNAs that converge on functionally related targets or act within cross talking gene regulatory networks. The cooperative manner of miRNA action and the broad target repertoire of each individual miRNA could make the miRNA system a promising tool to gain control on adult NSCs in the context of therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stappert
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederike Klaus
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The concepts of junk DNA and transcriptional noise are long gone as the existence of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been tested extensively in recent years. Given that the epigenetic status of cells affects many biological processes, how ncRNAs mechanistically contribute to these processes is of great interest. Recent Advances: Recent studies show that various ncRNAs interact with epigenetic and/or transcription factors to modulate the epigenetic status of cells directly and/or indirectly. There exists growing interest in the field of cardiovascular research to understand the roles of ncRNAs. Due to the large number of ncRNAs in the mammalian genome, only a handful of ncRNAs have been functionally elucidated, which makes it difficult to understand how ncRNAs interact with protein-coding genes and their encoded proteins. CRITICAL ISSUES Although the canonical function of microRNAs (miRNAs) to inhibit the translation of protein-coding genes is well established, the number of functionally annotated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is still small, which is especially true in the heart. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future studies must connect the epigenetic controls of various cellular phenomena by incorporating both miRNAs and lncRNAs. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 832-845.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Uchida
- 1 Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Roberto Bolli
- 1 Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky.,2 Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ueda Y, Shimizu Y, Shimizu N, Ishitani T, Ohshima T. Involvement of sonic hedgehog and notch signaling in regenerative neurogenesis in adult zebrafish optic tectum after stab injury. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:2360-2372. [PMID: 30014463 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Unlike humans and other mammals, adult zebrafish have the superior capability to recover from central nervous system (CNS) injury. We previously found that proliferation of radial glia (RG) is induced in response to stab injury in optic tectum and that new neurons are generated from RG after stab injury. However, molecular mechanisms which regulate proliferation and differentiation of RG are not well known. In the present study, we investigated Shh and Notch signaling as potential mechanisms regulating regeneration in the optic tectum of adult zebrafish. We used Shh reporter fish and confirmed that canonical Shh signaling is activated specifically in RG after stab injury. Moreover, we have shown that Shh signaling promotes RG proliferation and suppresses their differentiation into neurons after stab injury. In contrast, Notch signaling was down-regulated after stab injury, indicated by the decrease in the expression level of her4 and her6, a target gene of Notch signaling. We also found that inhibition of Notch signaling after stab injury induced more proliferative RG, but that inhibition of Notch signaling inhibited generation of newborn neurons from RG after stab injury. These results suggest that high level of Notch signaling keeps RG quiescent and that appropriate level of Notch signaling is required for generation of newborn neurons from RG. Under physiological condition, activation of Shh signaling or inhibition of Notch signaling also induced RG proliferation. In adult optic tectum of zebrafish, canonical Shh signaling and Notch signaling play important roles in proliferation and differentiation of RG in physiological and regenerative conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Ueda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimizu
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimizu
- Division of Cell Regulation Systems, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Division of Cell Regulation Systems, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Lab of Integrated Signaling Systems, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Adams KV, Morshead CM. Neural stem cell heterogeneity in the mammalian forebrain. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 170:2-36. [PMID: 29902499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The brain was long considered an organ that underwent very little change after development. It is now well established that the mammalian central nervous system contains neural stem cells that generate progeny that are capable of making new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes throughout life. The field has advanced rapidly as it strives to understand the basic biology of these precursor cells, and explore their potential to promote brain repair. The purpose of this review is to present current knowledge about the diversity of neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo, and highlight distinctions between neural stem cell populations, throughout development, and within the niche. A comprehensive understanding of neural stem cell heterogeneity will provide insights into the cellular and molecular regulation of neural development and lifelong neurogenesis, and will guide the development of novel strategies to promote regeneration and neural repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey V Adams
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada.
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Canada; Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Than-Trong E, Ortica-Gatti S, Mella S, Nepal C, Alunni A, Bally-Cuif L. Neural stem cell quiescence and stemness are molecularly distinct outputs of the Notch3 signalling cascade in the vertebrate adult brain. Development 2018; 145:dev161034. [PMID: 29695612 PMCID: PMC6001379 DOI: 10.1242/dev.161034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult vertebrate brain are found in a quiescent state and can preserve long-lasting progenitor potential (stemness). Whether and how these two properties are linked, and to what extent they can be independently controlled by NSC maintenance pathways, is unresolved. We have previously identified Notch3 signalling as a major quiescence-promoting pathway in adult NSCs of the zebrafish pallium. We now show that Notch3 also controls NSC stemness. Using parallel transcriptomic characterizations of notch3 mutant NSCs and adult NSC physiological states, we demonstrate that a set of potentially direct Notch3 target genes distinguishes quiescence and stemness control. As a proof of principle, we focus on one 'stemness' target, encoding the bHLH transcription factor Hey1, that has not yet been analysed in adult NSCs. We show that abrogation of Hey1 function in adult pallial NSCs in vivo, including quiescent NSCs, leads to their differentiation without affecting their proliferation state. These results demonstrate that quiescence and stemness are molecularly distinct outputs of Notch3 signalling, and identify Hey1 as a major Notch3 effector controlling NSC stemness in the vertebrate adult brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Than-Trong
- Institut Pasteur, Unit Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sara Ortica-Gatti
- Institut Pasteur, Unit Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Mella
- CNRS, UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Unit Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Chirag Nepal
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Alunni
- Institut Pasteur, Unit Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laure Bally-Cuif
- Institut Pasteur, Unit Zebrafish Neurogenetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kizil C. Mechanisms of Pathology-Induced Neural Stem Cell Plasticity and Neural Regeneration in Adult Zebrafish Brain. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 6:71-77. [PMID: 29938129 PMCID: PMC5978899 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the Review The purpose of this study is to review the current knowledge on the damage-induced molecular programs that underlie the regenerative ability in zebrafish brain. Recent Findings Neural stem cells are the reservoir for new neurons during development and regeneration of the vertebrate brains. Pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases hamper neural stem cell plasticity and neurogenic outcome in humans, whereas adult zebrafish brain can enhance proliferation and neurogenic capacity of its neural stem cells despite the incipient pathology. Evidence suggests that zebrafish uses damage-induced molecular programs to enable neural stem cells to efficiently initiate regeneration. Since this aptitude may be harnessed for regenerative therapies in human brain, understanding the molecular programs regulating neural stem cell proliferation and quiescence in zebrafish is of utmost importance for clinical efforts. Summary Specific molecular programs that are different than those in the homeostatic conditions regulate adult zebrafish neural stem cell plasticity and the regenerative capacity after injury and neurodegeneration. These programs can serve as candidates for stem cell-based regenerative therapies in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caghan Kizil
- 1German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Arnoldstrasse 18, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,2Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bhattarai P, Thomas AK, Cosacak MI, Papadimitriou C, Mashkaryan V, Zhang Y, Kizil C. Modeling Amyloid-β42 Toxicity and Neurodegeneration in Adult Zebrafish Brain. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29155703 DOI: 10.3791/56014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease in which accumulation of toxic amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) peptides leads to synaptic degeneration, inflammation, neuronal death, and learning deficits. Humans cannot regenerate lost neurons in the case of AD in part due to impaired proliferative capacity of the neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and reduced neurogenesis. Therefore, efficient regenerative therapies should also enhance the proliferation and neurogenic capacity of NSPCs. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a regenerative organism, and we can learn the basic molecular programs with which we could design therapeutic approaches to tackle AD. For this reason, the generation of an AD-like model in zebrafish was necessary. Using our methodology, we can introduce synthetic derivatives of Aβ42 peptide with tissue penetrating capability into the adult zebrafish brain, and analyze the disease pathology and the regenerative response. The advantage over the existing methods or animal models is that zebrafish can teach us how a vertebrate brain can naturally regenerate, and thus help us to treat human neurodegenerative diseases better by targeting endogenous NSPCs. Therefore, the amyloid-toxicity model established in the adult zebrafish brain may open new avenues for research in the field of neuroscience and clinical medicine. Additionally, the simple execution of this method allows for cost-effective and efficient experimental assessment. This manuscript describes the synthesis and injection of Aβ42 peptides into zebrafish brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabesh Bhattarai
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden within Helmholtz Association
| | | | - Mehmet Ilyas Cosacak
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden within Helmholtz Association
| | - Christos Papadimitriou
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden within Helmholtz Association
| | | | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE, Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Caghan Kizil
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden within Helmholtz Association; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), TU Dresden;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tian Z, Zhao Q, Biswas S, Deng W. Methods of reactivation and reprogramming of neural stem cells for neural repair. Methods 2017; 133:3-20. [PMID: 28864354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the biology of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) and induced NSCs (iNSCs), as well as NSC-based therapies for diseases in central nervous system (CNS) has started to generate the expectation that these cells may be used for treatments in CNS injuries or disorders. Recent technological progresses in both NSCs themselves and their derivatives have brought us closer to therapeutic applications. Adult neurogenesis presents in particular regions in mammal brain, known as neurogenic niches such as the dental gyrus (DG) in hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ), within which adult NSCs usually stay for long periods out of the cell cycle, in G0. The reactivation of quiescent adult NSCs needs orchestrated interactions between the extrinsic stimulis from niches and the intrinsic factors involving transcription factors (TFs), signaling pathway, epigenetics, and metabolism to start an intracellular regulatory program, which promotes the quiescent NSCs exit G0 and reenter cell cycle. Extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms that regulate adult NSCs are interconnected and feedback on one another. Since endogenous neurogenesis only happens in restricted regions and steadily fails with disease advances, interest has evolved to apply the iNSCs converted from somatic cells to treat CNS disorders, as is also promising and preferable. To overcome the limitation of viral-based reprogramming of iNSCs, bioactive small molecules (SM) have been explored to enhance the efficiency of iNSC reprogramming or even replace TFs, making the iNSCs more amenable to clinical application. Despite intense research efforts to translate the studies of adult and induced NSCs from the bench to bedside, vital troubles remain at several steps in these processes. In this review, we examine the present status, advancement, pitfalls, and potential of the two types of NSC technologies, focusing on each aspects of reactivation of quiescent adult NSC and reprogramming of iNSC from somatic cells, as well as on progresses in cell-based regenerative strategies for neural repair and criteria for successful therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuojun Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Institute of Guangzhou Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Qiuge Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Institute of Guangzhou Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Sangita Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Roese-Koerner B, Stappert L, Brüstle O. Notch/Hes signaling and miR-9 engage in complex feedback interactions controlling neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. NEUROGENESIS 2017; 4:e1313647. [PMID: 28573150 PMCID: PMC5443189 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1313647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Canonical Notch signaling has diverse functions during nervous system development and is critical for neural progenitor self-renewal, timing of differentiation and specification of various cell fates. A key feature of Notch-mediated self-renewal is its fluctuating activity within the neural progenitor cell population and the oscillatory expression pattern of the Notch effector Hes1 and its target genes. A negative feedback loop between Hes1 and neurogenic microRNA miR-9 was found to be part of this oscillatory clock. In a recent study we discovered that miR-9 expression is further modulated by direct binding of the Notch intracellular domain/RBPj transcriptional complex to the miR-9_2 promoter. In turn, miR-9 not only targets Hes1 but also Notch2 to attenuate Notch signaling and promote neuronal differentiation. Here, we discuss how the two interwoven feedback loops may provide an additional fail-save mechanism to control proliferation and differentiation within the neural progenitor cell population. Furthermore, we explore potential implications of miR-9-mediated regulation of Notch/Hes1 signaling with regard to neural progenitor homeostasis, patterning, timing of differentiation and tumor formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Roese-Koerner
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Stappert
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|