1
|
Zareein A, Mahmoudi M, Jadhav SS, Wilmore J, Wu Y. Biomaterial engineering strategies for B cell immunity modulations. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1981-2006. [PMID: 38456305 PMCID: PMC11019864 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01841e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
B cell immunity has a penetrating effect on human health and diseases. Therapeutics aiming to modulate B cell immunity have achieved remarkable success in combating infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. However, current treatments still face significant limitations in generating effective long-lasting therapeutic B cell responses for many conditions. As the understanding of B cell biology has deepened in recent years, clearer regulation networks for B cell differentiation and antibody production have emerged, presenting opportunities to overcome current difficulties and realize the full therapeutic potential of B cell immunity. Biomaterial platforms have been developed to leverage these emerging concepts to augment therapeutic humoral immunity by facilitating immunogenic reagent trafficking, regulating T cell responses, and modulating the immune microenvironment. Moreover, biomaterial engineering tools have also advanced our understanding of B cell biology, further expediting the development of novel therapeutics. In this review, we will introduce the general concept of B cell immunobiology and highlight key biomaterial engineering strategies in the areas including B cell targeted antigen delivery, sustained B cell antigen delivery, antigen engineering, T cell help optimization, and B cell suppression. We will also discuss our perspective on future biomaterial engineering opportunities to leverage humoral immunity for therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zareein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- The BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mina Mahmoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- The BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Shruti Sunil Jadhav
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Joel Wilmore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Yaoying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- The BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hanson CH, Henry B, Andhare P, Lin FJ, Pak H, Turner JS, Adams LJ, Liu T, Fremont DH, Ellebedy AH, Laidlaw BJ. CD62L expression marks a functionally distinct subset of memory B cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113542. [PMID: 38060451 PMCID: PMC10842417 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The memory B cell response consists of phenotypically distinct subsets that differ in their ability to respond upon antigen re-encounter. However, the pathways regulating the development and function of memory B cell subsets are poorly understood. Here, we show that CD62L and CD44 are progressively expressed on mouse memory B cells and identify transcriptionally and functionally distinct memory B cell subsets. Bcl6 is important in regulating memory B cell subset differentiation with overexpression of Bcl6 resulting in impaired CD62L+ memory B cell development. Bcl6 regulates memory B cell subset development through control of a network of genes, including Bcl2 and Zeb2. Overexpression of Zeb2 impairs the development of CD62L+ memory B cells. Importantly, CD62L is also differentially expressed on human memory B cells following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination and identifies phenotypically distinct populations. Together, these data indicate that CD62L expression marks functionally distinct memory B cell subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Hanson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brittany Henry
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pradhnesh Andhare
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Frank J Lin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Haley Pak
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jackson S Turner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lucas J Adams
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tom Liu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian J Laidlaw
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zimmermann J, van Haren SD, Diray-Arce J, Adriawan IR, Wørzner K, Krog RT, Guleed S, Hu T, Mortensen R, Dietrich J, Solbak SMØ, Levy O, Christensen D, Pedersen GK. Co-adjuvanting DDA/TDB liposomes with a TLR7 agonist allows for IgG2a/c class-switching in the absence of Th1 cells. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:189. [PMID: 38135685 PMCID: PMC10746746 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Class-switching to IgG2a/c in mice is a hallmark response to intracellular pathogens. T cells can promote class-switching and the predominant pathway for induction of IgG2a/c antibody responses has been suggested to be via stimulation from Th1 cells. We previously formulated CAF®01 (cationic liposomes containing dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) and Trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB)) with the lipidated TLR7/8 agonist 3M-052 (DDA/TDB/3M-052), which promoted robust Th1 immunity in newborn mice. When testing this adjuvant in adult mice using the recombinant Chlamydia trachomatis (C.t.) vaccine antigen CTH522, it similarly enhanced IgG2a/c responses compared to DDA/TDB, but surprisingly reduced the magnitude of the IFN-γ+Th1 response in a TLR7 agonist dose-dependent manner. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that DDA/TDB/3M-052 liposomes initiated early transcription of class-switch regulating genes directly in pre-germinal center B cells. Mixed bone marrow chimeras further demonstrated that this adjuvant did not require Th1 cells for IgG2a/c switching, but rather facilitated TLR7-dependent T-bet programming directly in B cells. This study underlines that adjuvant-directed IgG2a/c class-switching in vivo can occur in the absence of T-cell help, via direct activation of TLR7 on B cells and positions DDA/TDB/3M-052 as a powerful adjuvant capable of eliciting type I-like immunity in B cells without strong induction of Th1 responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Zimmermann
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon D van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Katharina Wørzner
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ricki T Krog
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Safia Guleed
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tu Hu
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Mortensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jes Dietrich
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara M Ø Solbak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriel K Pedersen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ota M, Nakano M, Nagafuchi Y, Kobayashi S, Hatano H, Yoshida R, Akutsu Y, Itamiya T, Ban N, Tsuchida Y, Shoda H, Yamamoto K, Ishigaki K, Okamura T, Fujio K. Multimodal repertoire analysis unveils B cell biology in immune-mediated diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1455-1463. [PMID: 37468219 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases (IMDs), biological mechanisms underlying their function are scarcely understood. To overcome this gap, here we constructed and investigated a large-scale repertoire catalogue of five B cell subsets of patients with IMDs. METHODS We mapped B cell receptor regions from RNA sequencing data of sorted B cell subsets. Our dataset consisted of 595 donors under IMDs and health. We characterised the repertoire features from various aspects, including their association with immune cell transcriptomes and clinical features and their response to belimumab treatment. RESULTS Heavy-chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR-H3) length among naïve B cells was shortened among autoimmune diseases. Strong negative correlation between interferon signature strength and CDR-H3 length was observed in naïve B cells and suggested the role for interferon in premature B cell development. VDJ gene usage was skewed especially in plasmablasts and unswitched-memory B cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We developed a scoring system to quantify this skewing, and it positively correlated with peripheral helper T cell transcriptomic signatures and negatively correlated with the amount of somatic hyper mutations in plasmablasts, suggesting the association of extrafollicular pathway. Further, this skewing led to high usage of IGHV4-34 gene with 9G4 idiotypes in unswitched-memory B cells, which showed a prominent positive correlation with disease activity in SLE. Gene usage skewing in unswitched-memory B cells was ameliorated after belimumab treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our multimodal repertoire analysis enabled us the system-level understanding of B cell abnormality in diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mineto Ota
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Satomi Kobayashi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hatano
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Laboratory for Human Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryochi Yoshida
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yuko Akutsu
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takahiro Itamiya
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ban
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Tsuchida
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Laboratory for Human Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okamura
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haas KM. Noncanonical B Cells: Characteristics of Uncharacteristic B Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1257-1265. [PMID: 37844278 PMCID: PMC10593487 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes were originally described as a cell type uniquely capable of secreting Abs. The importance of T cell help in Ab production was revealed soon afterward. Following these seminal findings, investigators made great strides in delineating steps in the conventional pathway that B cells follow to produce high-affinity Abs. These studies revealed generalized, or canonical, features of B cells that include their developmental origin and paths to maturation, activation, and differentiation into Ab-producing and memory cells. However, along the way, examples of nonconventional B cell populations with unique origins, age-dependent development, tissue localization, and effector functions have been revealed. In this brief review, features of B-1a, B-1b, marginal zone, regulatory, killer, NK-like, age-associated, and atypical B cells are discussed. Emerging work on these noncanonical B cells and functions, along with the study of their significance for human health and disease, represents an exciting frontier in B cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Haas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McCaw TR, Lofftus SY, Crompton JG. Clonal redemption of B cells in cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277597. [PMID: 37965337 PMCID: PMC10640973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Potentially self-reactive B cells constitute a large portion of the peripheral B cell repertoire in both mice and humans. Maintenance of autoreactive B cell populations could conceivably be detrimental to the host but their conservation throughout evolution suggests performance of a critical and beneficial immune function. We discuss herein how the process of clonal redemption may provide insight to preservation of an autoreactive B cell pool in the context of infection and autoimmunity. Clonal redemption refers to additional recombination or hypermutation events decreasing affinity for self-antigen, while increasing affinity for foreign antigens. We then review findings in murine models and human patients to consider whether clonal redemption may be able to provide tumor antigen-specific B cells and how this may or may not predispose patients to autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph G. Crompton
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sadighi Akha AA, Csomós K, Ujházi B, Walter JE, Kumánovics A. Evolving Approach to Clinical Cytometry for Immunodeficiencies and Other Immune Disorders. Clin Lab Med 2023; 43:467-483. [PMID: 37481324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies were initially identified on the basis of recurrent, severe or unusual infections. Subsequently, it was noted that these diseases can also manifest with autoimmunity, autoinflammation, allergy, lymphoproliferation and malignancy, hence a conceptual change and their renaming as inborn errors of immunity. Ongoing advances in flow cytometry provide the opportunity to expand or modify the utility and scope of existing laboratory tests in this field to mirror this conceptual change. Here we have used the B cell subset, variably known as CD21low B cells, age-associated B cells and T-bet+ B cells, as an example to demonstrate this possibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Sadighi Akha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Krisztián Csomós
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Boglárka Ujházi
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Jolán E Walter
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Attila Kumánovics
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Henry B, Laidlaw BJ. Functional heterogeneity in the memory B-cell response. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 80:102281. [PMID: 36652774 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Most vaccines induce robust antibody and memory B-cell (MBC) responses that are capable of mediating protective immunity. However, antibody titers wane following vaccination necessitating the administration of booster vaccines to maintain a protective antibody titer. MBCs are stably maintained following vaccination and can rapidly give rise to antibody-secreting cells or undergo further affinity maturation upon antigen re-encounter. Repeated antigen encounter results in the development of MBCs that encode antibodies capable of mediating broadly protective immunity against viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. Here, we summarize emerging evidence that MBCs are a heterogeneous population composed of transcriptionally and phenotypically distinct subsets that have discrete roles in mediating protective immunity upon antigen re-encounter and examine the implications of these findings for the development of vaccines capable of eliciting broadly protective immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Henry
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian J Laidlaw
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Notario GR, Kwak K. Increased B Cell Understanding Puts Improved Vaccine Platforms Just Over the Horizon. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e47. [PMID: 36627934 PMCID: PMC9807965 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of an endlessly expanding repertoire of Ags, vaccines are constantly being tested, each more effective than the last. As viruses and other pathogens evolve to become more infectious, the need for efficient and effective vaccines grows daily, which is especially obvious in an era that is still attempting to remove itself from the clutches of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the cause of coronavirus pandemic. To continue evolving alongside these pathogens, it is proving increasingly essential to consider one of the main effector cells of the immune system. As one of the chief orchestrators of the humoral immune response, the B cell and other lymphocytes are essential to not only achieving immunity, but also maintaining it, which is the vital objective of every vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneva Rose Notario
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kihyuck Kwak
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hočevar S, Puddinu V, Haeni L, Petri-Fink A, Wagner J, Alvarez M, Clift MJD, Bourquin C. PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles Target Age-Associated B Cells In Vivo. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18119-18132. [PMID: 36301574 PMCID: PMC9706664 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Engineered gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have become a useful tool in various therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Uncertainty remains regarding the possible impact of GNPs on the immune system. In this regard, we investigated the interactions of polymer-coated GNPs with B cells and their functions in mice. Surprisingly, we observed that polymer-coated GNPs mainly interact with the recently identified subpopulation of B lymphocytes named age-associated B cells (ABCs). Importantly, we also showed that GNPs did not affect cell viability or the percentages of other B cell populations in different organs. Furthermore, GNPs did not activate B cell innate-like immune responses in any of the tested conditions, nor did they impair adaptive B cell responses in immunized mice. Together, these data provide an important contribution to the otherwise limited knowledge about GNP interference with B cell immune function, and demonstrate that GNPs represent a safe tool to target ABCs in vivo for potential clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hočevar
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Viola Puddinu
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Haeni
- BioNanomaterials,
Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of
Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- BioNanomaterials,
Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of
Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Julia Wagner
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Montserrat Alvarez
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | | | - Carole Bourquin
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- Department
of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Burton AR, Guillaume SM, Foster WS, Wheatley AK, Hill DL, Carr EJ, Linterman MA. The memory B cell response to influenza vaccination is impaired in older persons. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111613. [PMID: 36351385 PMCID: PMC9666924 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection imparts an age-related increase in mortality and morbidity. The most effective countermeasure is vaccination; however, vaccines offer modest protection in older adults. To investigate how aging impacts the memory B cell response, we track hemagglutinin-specific B cells by indexed flow sorting and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in 20 healthy adults that were administered the trivalent influenza vaccine. We demonstrate age-related skewing in the memory B cell compartment 6 weeks after vaccination, with younger adults developing hemagglutinin-specific memory B cells with an FcRL5+ "atypical" phenotype, showing evidence of somatic hypermutation and positive selection, which happened to a lesser extent in older persons. We use publicly available scRNA-seq from paired human lymph node and blood samples to corroborate that FcRL5+ atypical memory B cells can derive from germinal center (GC) precursors. Together, this study shows that the aged human GC reaction and memory B cell response following vaccination is defective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Burton
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - William S Foster
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Danika L Hill
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Edward J Carr
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Leffler J, Trend S, Hart PH, French MA. Epstein-Barr virus infection, B-cell dysfunction and other risk factors converge in gut-associated lymphoid tissue to drive the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: a hypothesis. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1418. [PMID: 36325491 PMCID: PMC9621333 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, B-cell dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, and environmental and genetic risk factors, including female sex. A disease model incorporating all these factors remains elusive. Here, we hypothesise that EBV-infected memory B cells (MBCs) migrate to gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) through EBV-induced expression of LPAM-1, where they are subsequently activated by gut microbes and/or their products resulting in EBV reactivation and compartmentalised anti-EBV immune responses. These responses involve marginal zone (MZ) B cells that activate CD4+ T-cell responses, via HLA-DRB1, which promote downstream B-cell differentiation towards CD11c+/T-bet+ MBCs, as well as conventional MBCs. Intrinsic expression of low-affinity B-cell receptors (BCRs) by MZ B cells and CD11c+/T-bet+ MBCs promotes polyreactive BCR/antibody responses against EBV proteins (e.g. EBNA-1) that cross-react with central nervous system (CNS) autoantigens (e.g. GlialCAM). EBV protein/autoantigen-specific CD11c+/T-bet+ MBCs migrate to the meningeal immune system and CNS, facilitated by their expression of CXCR3, and induce cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses against CNS autoantigens amplified by BAFF, released from EBV-infected MBCs. An increased abundance of circulating IgA+ MBCs, observed in MS patients, might also reflect GALT-derived immune responses, including disease-enhancing IgA antibody responses against EBV and gut microbiota-specific regulatory IgA+ plasma cells. Female sex increases MZ B-cell and CD11c+/T-bet+ MBC activity while environmental risk factors affect gut dysbiosis. Thus, EBV infection, B-cell dysfunction and other risk factors converge in GALT to generate aberrant B-cell responses that drive pathogenic T-cell responses in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Leffler
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Stephanie Trend
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Martyn A French
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia,Immunology DivisionPathWest Laboratory MedicinePerthWAAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Barrier tissues are the primary site of infection for pathogens likely to cause future pandemics. Tissue-resident lymphocytes can rapidly detect pathogens upon infection of barrier tissues and are critical in preventing viral spread. However, most vaccines fail to induce tissue-resident lymphocytes and are instead reliant on circulating antibodies to mediate protective immunity. Circulating antibody titers wane over time following vaccination leaving individuals susceptible to breakthrough infections by variant viral strains that evade antibody neutralization. Memory B cells were recently found to establish tissue residence following infection of barrier tissues. Here, we summarize emerging evidence for the importance of tissue-resident memory B cells in the establishment of protective immunity against viral and bacterial challenge. We also discuss the role of tissue-resident memory B cells in regulating the progression of non-infectious diseases. Finally, we examine new approaches to develop vaccines capable of eliciting barrier immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Chen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Brian J Laidlaw
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hägglöf T, Vanz C, Kumagai A, Dudley E, Ortega V, Siller M, Parthasarathy R, Keegan J, Koenigs A, Shute T, Leadbetter EA. T-bet + B cells accumulate in adipose tissue and exacerbate metabolic disorder during obesity. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1121-1136.e6. [PMID: 35868310 PMCID: PMC9357106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by inflammation in adipose tissue, impaired glucose tolerance, and changes in adipose leukocyte populations. These studies of adipose tissue from humans and mice revealed that increased frequencies of T-bet+ B cells in adipose tissue depend on invariant NKT cells and correlate with weight gain during obesity. Transfer of B cells enriched for T-bet+ cells exacerbates metabolic disorder in obesity, while ablation of Tbx21 specifically in B cells reduces serum IgG2c levels, inflammatory cytokines, and inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue, ameliorating metabolic symptoms. Furthermore, transfer of serum or purified IgG from HFD mice restores metabolic disease in T-bet+ B cell-deficient mice, confirming T-bet+ B cell-derived IgG as a key mediator of inflammation during obesity. Together, these findings reveal an important pathological role for T-bet+ B cells that should inform future immunotherapy design in type 2 diabetes and other inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hägglöf
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Carlo Vanz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Abigail Kumagai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Vanessa Ortega
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - McKenzie Siller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Raksha Parthasarathy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Josh Keegan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Abigail Koenigs
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Travis Shute
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Leadbetter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Newell KL, Cox J, Waickman AT, Wilmore JR, Winslow GM. T-bet + B cells Dominate the Peritoneal Cavity B Cell Response during Murine Intracellular Bacterial Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2749-2760. [PMID: 35867676 PMCID: PMC9309898 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
T-bet+ B cells have emerged as a major B cell subset associated with both protective immunity and immunopathogenesis. T-bet is a transcription factor associated with the type I adaptive immune response to intracellular pathogens, driving an effector program characterized by the production of IFN-γ. Murine infection with the intracellular bacterium, Ehrlichia muris, generates protective extrafollicular T cell-independent T-bet+ IgM-secreting plasmablasts, as well as T-bet+ IgM memory cells. Although T-bet is a signature transcription factor for this subset, it is dispensable for splenic CD11c+ memory B cell development, but not for class switching to IgG2c. In addition to the T-bet+ plasmablasts found in the spleen, we show that Ab-secreting cells can also be found within the mouse peritoneal cavity; these cells, as well as their CD138- counterparts, also expressed T-bet. A large fraction of the T-bet+ peritoneal B cells detected during early infection were highly proliferative and expressed CXCR3 and CD11b, but, unlike in the spleen, they did not express CD11c. T-bet+ CD11b+ memory B cells were the dominant B cell population in the peritoneal cavity at 30 d postinfection, and although they expressed high levels of T-bet, they did not require B cell-intrinsic T-bet expression for their generation. Our data uncover a niche for T-bet+ B cells within the peritoneal cavity during intracellular bacterial infection, and they identify this site as a reservoir for T-bet+ B cell memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krista L Newell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Justin Cox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Adam T Waickman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Joel R Wilmore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Gary M Winslow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gonzales SJ, Clarke KN, Batugedara G, Garza R, Braddom AE, Reyes RA, Ssewanyana I, Garrison KC, Ippolito GC, Greenhouse B, Bol S, Bunnik EM. A Molecular Analysis of Memory B Cell and Antibody Responses Against Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1 in Children and Adults From Uganda. Front Immunol 2022; 13:809264. [PMID: 35720313 PMCID: PMC9201334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.809264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) and plasma antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) merozoite antigens are important components of the protective immune response against malaria. To gain understanding of how responses against Pf develop in these two arms of the humoral immune system, we evaluated MBC and antibody responses against the most abundant merozoite antigen, full-length Pf merozoite surface protein 1 (PfMSP1FL), in individuals from a region in Uganda with high Pf transmission. Our results showed that PfMSP1FL-specific B cells in adults with immunological protection against malaria were predominantly IgG+ classical MBCs, while children with incomplete protection mainly harbored IgM+ PfMSP1FL-specific classical MBCs. In contrast, anti-PfMSP1FL plasma IgM reactivity was minimal in both children and adults. Instead, both groups showed high plasma IgG reactivity against PfMSP1FL, with broadening of the response against non-3D7 strains in adults. The B cell receptors encoded by PfMSP1FL-specific IgG+ MBCs carried high levels of amino acid substitutions and recognized relatively conserved epitopes on the highly variable PfMSP1 protein. Proteomics analysis of PfMSP119-specific IgG in plasma of an adult revealed a limited repertoire of anti-MSP1 antibodies, most of which were IgG1 or IgG3. Similar to B cell receptors of PfMSP1FL-specific MBCs, anti-PfMSP119 IgGs had high levels of amino acid substitutions and their sequences were predominantly found in classical MBCs, not atypical MBCs. Collectively, these results showed evolution of the PfMSP1-specific humoral immune response with cumulative Pf exposure, with a shift from IgM+ to IgG+ B cell memory, diversification of B cells from germline, and stronger recognition of PfMSP1 variants by the plasma IgG repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Jake Gonzales
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Kathleen N. Clarke
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Gayani Batugedara
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Rolando Garza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ashley E. Braddom
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Raphael A. Reyes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Isaac Ssewanyana
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kendra C. Garrison
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Gregory C. Ippolito
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sebastiaan Bol
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Evelien M. Bunnik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Phalke S, Rivera-Correa J, Jenkins D, Flores Castro D, Giannopoulou E, Pernis AB. Molecular mechanisms controlling age-associated B cells in autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2022; 307:79-100. [PMID: 35102602 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated B cells (ABCs) have emerged as critical components of immune responses. Their inappropriate expansion and differentiation have increasingly been linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, aging-associated diseases, and infections. ABCs exhibit a distinctive phenotype and, in addition to classical B cell markers, often express the transcription factor T-bet and myeloid markers like CD11c; hence, these cells are also commonly known as CD11c+ T-bet+ B cells. Formation of ABCs is promoted by distinctive combinations of innate and adaptive signals. In addition to producing antibodies, these cells display antigen-presenting and proinflammatory capabilities. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that the ABC compartment exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity, plasticity, and sex-specific regulation and that ABCs can differentiate into effector progeny via several routes particularly in autoimmune settings. In this review, we will discuss the initial insights that have been obtained on the molecular machinery that controls ABCs and we will highlight some of the unique aspects of this control system that may enable ABCs to fulfill their distinctive role in immune responses. Given the expanding array of autoimmune disorders and pathophysiological settings in which ABCs are being implicated, a deeper understanding of this machinery could have important and broad therapeutic implications for the successful, albeit daunting, task of targeting these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Phalke
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan Rivera-Correa
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Jenkins
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danny Flores Castro
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evgenia Giannopoulou
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alessandra B Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology & Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Levack RC, Newell KL, Cabrera-Martinez B, Cox J, Perl A, Bastacky SI, Winslow GM. Adenosine receptor 2a agonists target mouse CD11c +T-bet + B cells in infection and autoimmunity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:452. [PMID: 35064115 PMCID: PMC8782827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD11c+T-bet+ B cells are recognized as an important component of humoral immunity and autoimmunity. These cells can be distinguished from other B cells by their higher expression of the adenosine receptor 2a. Here we address whether A2A receptor activation can affect CD11c+T-bet+ B cells. We show that administration of the A2A receptor agonist CGS-21680 depletes established CD11c+T-bet+ B cells in ehrlichial-infected mice, in a B cell-intrinsic manner. Agonist treatment similarly depletes CD11c+T-bet+ B cells and CD138+ B cells and reduces anti-nuclear antibodies in lupus-prone mice. Agonist treatment is also associated with reduced kidney pathology and lymphadenopathy. Moreover, A2A receptor stimulation depletes pathogenic lymphocytes and ameliorates disease even after disease onset, highlighting the therapeutic potential of this treatment. This study suggests that targeting the adenosine signaling pathway may provide a method for the treatment of lupus and other autoimmune diseases mediated by T-bet+ B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell C Levack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Krista L Newell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | | | - Justin Cox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Andras Perl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Sheldon I Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Gary M Winslow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wilson WH, Wright GW, Huang DW, Hodkinson B, Balasubramanian S, Fan Y, Vermeulen J, Shreeve M, Staudt LM. Effect of ibrutinib with R-CHOP chemotherapy in genetic subtypes of DLBCL. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1643-1653.e3. [PMID: 34739844 PMCID: PMC8722194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), tumors belonging to the ABC but not GCB gene expression subgroup rely upon chronic active B cell receptor signaling for viability, a dependency that is targetable by ibrutinib. A phase III trial ("Phoenix;" ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01855750) showed a survival benefit of ibrutinib addition to R-CHOP chemotherapy in younger patients with non-GCB DLBCL, but the molecular basis for this benefit was unclear. Analysis of biopsies from Phoenix trial patients revealed three previously characterized genetic subtypes of DLBCL: MCD, BN2, and N1. The 3-year event-free survival of younger patients (age ≤60 years) treated with ibrutinib plus R-CHOP was 100% in the MCD and N1 subtypes while the survival of patients with these subtypes treated with R-CHOP alone was significantly inferior (42.9% and 50%, respectively). This work provides a mechanistic understanding of the benefit of ibrutinib addition to chemotherapy, supporting its use in younger patients with non-GCB DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wyndham H Wilson
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George W Wright
- Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA
| | - Da Wei Huang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brendan Hodkinson
- Johnson & Johnson, 1 Johnson & Johnson Plaza, New Brunswick, NJ 08933, USA
| | | | - Yue Fan
- Johnson & Johnson, 1 Johnson & Johnson Plaza, New Brunswick, NJ 08933, USA
| | - Jessica Vermeulen
- Johnson & Johnson, 1 Johnson & Johnson Plaza, New Brunswick, NJ 08933, USA
| | - Martin Shreeve
- Johnson & Johnson, 1 Johnson & Johnson Plaza, New Brunswick, NJ 08933, USA
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ricker E, Manni M, Flores-Castro D, Jenkins D, Gupta S, Rivera-Correa J, Meng W, Rosenfeld AM, Pannellini T, Bachu M, Chinenov Y, Sculco PK, Jessberger R, Prak ETL, Pernis AB. Altered function and differentiation of age-associated B cells contribute to the female bias in lupus mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4813. [PMID: 34376664 PMCID: PMC8355159 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in immune responses to viruses and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can show sexual dimorphism. Age-associated B cells (ABC) are a population of CD11c+T-bet+ B cells critical for antiviral responses and autoimmune disorders. Absence of DEF6 and SWAP-70, two homologous guanine exchange factors, in double-knock-out (DKO) mice leads to a lupus-like syndrome in females marked by accumulation of ABCs. Here we demonstrate that DKO ABCs show sex-specific differences in cell number, upregulation of an ISG signature, and further differentiation. DKO ABCs undergo oligoclonal expansion and differentiate into both CD11c+ and CD11c- effector B cell populations with pathogenic and pro-inflammatory function as demonstrated by BCR sequencing and fate-mapping experiments. Tlr7 duplication in DKO males overrides the sex-bias and further augments the dissemination and pathogenicity of ABCs, resulting in severe pulmonary inflammation and early mortality. Thus, sexual dimorphism shapes the expansion, function and differentiation of ABCs that accompanies TLR7-driven immunopathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edd Ricker
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michela Manni
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danny Flores-Castro
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Jenkins
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Rivera-Correa
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tania Pannellini
- Research Division and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahesh Bachu
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yurii Chinenov
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter K Sculco
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universitat, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandra B Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
He B, Liu S, Wang Y, Xu M, Cai W, Liu J, Bai W, Ye S, Ma Y, Hu H, Meng H, Sun T, Li Y, Luo H, Shi M, Du X, Zhao W, Chen S, Yang J, Zhu H, Jie Y, Yang Y, Guo D, Wang Q, Liu Y, Yan H, Wang M, Chen YQ. Rapid isolation and immune profiling of SARS-CoV-2 specific memory B cell in convalescent COVID-19 patients via LIBRA-seq. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:195. [PMID: 34001847 PMCID: PMC8127497 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell response plays a critical role against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, little is known about the diversity and frequency of the paired SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific BCR repertoire after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and VDJ sequencing using the memory and plasma B cells isolated from five convalescent COVID-19 patients, and analyzed the spectrum and transcriptional heterogeneity of antibody immune responses. Via linking BCR to antigen specificity through sequencing (LIBRA-seq), we identified a distinct activated memory B cell subgroup (CD11chigh CD95high) had a higher proportion of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-labeled cells compared with memory B cells. Our results revealed the diversity of paired BCR repertoire and the non-stochastic pairing of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific immunoglobulin heavy and light chains after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The public antibody clonotypes were shared by distinct convalescent individuals. Moreover, several antibodies isolated by LIBRA-seq showed high binding affinity against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) or nucleoprotein (NP) via ELISA assay. Two RBD-reactive antibodies C14646P3S and C2767P3S isolated by LIBRA-seq exhibited high neutralizing activities against both pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2 viruses in vitro. Our study provides fundamental insights into B cell response following SARS-CoV-2 infection at the single-cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Cai
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wendi Bai
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shupei Ye
- Pulmonary and critical care medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Dongguan City, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong Ma
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hengrui Hu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huicui Meng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Hangzhou ImmuQuad Biotechnologies, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanle Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mang Shi
- Infection and Immunity Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangjun Du
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shoudeng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haipeng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital of Dongguan City, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yusheng Jie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuedong Yang
- School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deyin Guo
- Infection and Immunity Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwen Liu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen, China.,Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shenzhen, China.,Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Manli Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The dangers of déjà vu: memory B cells as the cells of origin of ABC-DLBCLs. Blood 2021; 136:2263-2274. [PMID: 32932517 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated B-cell (ABC)-diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are clinically aggressive and phenotypically complex malignancies, whose transformation mechanisms remain unclear. Partially differentiated antigen-secreting cells (plasmablasts) have long been regarded as cells-of-origin for these tumors, despite lack of definitive experimental evidence. Recent DLBCL reclassification based on mutational landscapes identified MCD/C5 tumors as specific ABC-DLBCLs with unfavorable clinical outcome, activating mutations in the signaling adaptors MYD88 and CD79B, and immune evasion through mutation of antigen-presenting genes. MCD/C5s manifest prominent extranodal dissemination and similarities with primary extranodal lymphomas (PENLs). In this regard, recent studies on TBL1XR1, a gene recurrently mutated in MCD/C5s and PENLs, suggest that aberrant memory B cells (MBs), and not plasmablasts, are the true cells-of-origin for these tumors. Moreover, transcriptional and phenotypic profiling suggests that MCD/C5s, as a class, represent bona fide MB tumors. Based on emerging findings we propose herein a generalized stepwise model for MCD/C5 and PENLs pathogenesis, whereby acquisition of founder mutations in activated B cells favors the development of aberrant MBs prone to avoid plasmacytic differentiation on recall and undergo systemic dissemination. Cyclic reactivation of these MBs through persistent antigen exposure favors their clonal expansion and accumulation of mutations, which further facilitate their activation. As a result, MB-like clonal precursors become trapped in an oscillatory state of semipermanent activation and phenotypic sway that facilitates ulterior transformation and accounts for the extranodal clinical presentation and biology of these tumors. In addition, we discuss diagnostic and therapeutic implications of a MB cell-of-origin for these lymphomas.
Collapse
|
23
|
Grimsholm O, Piano Mortari E, Davydov AN, Shugay M, Obraztsova AS, Bocci C, Marasco E, Marcellini V, Aranburu A, Farroni C, Silvestris DA, Cristofoletti C, Giorda E, Scarsella M, Cascioli S, Barresi S, Lougaris V, Plebani A, Cancrini C, Finocchi A, Moschese V, Valentini D, Vallone C, Signore F, de Vincentiis G, Zaffina S, Russo G, Gallo A, Locatelli F, Tozzi AE, Tartaglia M, Chudakov DM, Carsetti R. The Interplay between CD27 dull and CD27 bright B Cells Ensures the Flexibility, Stability, and Resilience of Human B Cell Memory. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2963-2977.e6. [PMID: 32130900 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) epitomize the adaptation of the immune system to the environment. We identify two MBC subsets in peripheral blood, CD27dull and CD27bright MBCs, whose frequency changes with age. Heavy chain variable region (VH) usage, somatic mutation frequency replacement-to-silent ratio, and CDR3 property changes, reflecting consecutive selection of highly antigen-specific, low cross-reactive antibody variants, all demonstrate that CD27dull and CD27bright MBCs represent sequential MBC developmental stages, and stringent antigen-driven pressure selects CD27dull into the CD27bright MBC pool. Dynamics of human MBCs are exploited in pregnancy, when 50% of maternal MBCs are lost and CD27dull MBCs transit to the more differentiated CD27bright stage. In the postpartum period, the maternal MBC pool is replenished by the expansion of persistent CD27dull clones. Thus, the stability and flexibility of human B cell memory is ensured by CD27dull MBCs that expand and differentiate in response to change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Grimsholm
- B Cell Pathophysiology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Piano Mortari
- B Cell Pathophysiology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alexey N Davydov
- Central European Institute of Technology, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mikhail Shugay
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna S Obraztsova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Chiara Bocci
- B Cell Pathophysiology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Marasco
- Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Marcellini
- B Cell Pathophysiology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alaitz Aranburu
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chiara Farroni
- B Cell Pathophysiology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Ezio Giorda
- B Cell Pathophysiology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Scarsella
- B Cell Pathophysiology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Cascioli
- B Cell Pathophysiology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Plebani
- DPUO, Division of Immuno-Infectivology, University Department of Pediatrics, 00146 Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- DPUO, Division of Immuno-Infectivology, University Department of Pediatrics, 00146 Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; School of Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Finocchi
- DPUO, Division of Immuno-Infectivology, University Department of Pediatrics, 00146 Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; School of Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Moschese
- Pediatric Immunology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Valentini
- Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Vallone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Misericordia Hospital Grosseto, Usl Toscana Sud-est, 58100 Grosseto, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Signore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Misericordia Hospital Grosseto, Usl Toscana Sud-est, 58100 Grosseto, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Zaffina
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angela Gallo
- Oncohaematology Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Oncohaematology Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto E Tozzi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Dmitriy M Chudakov
- Central European Institute of Technology, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rita Carsetti
- B Cell Pathophysiology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Switched and unswitched memory B cells detected during SARS-CoV-2 convalescence correlate with limited symptom duration. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244855. [PMID: 33507994 PMCID: PMC7843013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the pandemic human respiratory illness COVID-19, is a global health emergency. While severe acute disease has been linked to an expansion of antibody-secreting plasmablasts, we sought to identify B cell responses that correlated with positive clinical outcomes in convalescent patients. We characterized the peripheral blood B cell immunophenotype and plasma antibody responses in 40 recovered non-hospitalized COVID-19 subjects that were enrolled as donors in a convalescent plasma treatment study. We observed a significant negative correlation between the frequency of peripheral blood memory B cells and the duration of symptoms for convalescent subjects. Memory B cell subsets in convalescent subjects were composed of classical CD24+ class-switched memory B cells, but also activated CD24-negative and natural unswitched CD27+ IgD+ IgM+ subsets. Memory B cell frequency was significantly correlated with both IgG1 and IgM responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) in most seropositive subjects. IgM+ memory, but not switched memory, directly correlated with virus-specific antibody responses, and remained stable over 3 months. Our findings suggest that the frequency of memory B cells is a critical indicator of disease resolution, and that IgM+ memory B cells may play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 immunity.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
B cell subsets differ in development, tissue distribution, and mechanisms of activation. In response to infections, however, all can differentiate into extrafollicular plasmablasts that rapidly provide highly protective antibodies, indicating that these plasmablasts are the main humoral immune response effectors. Yet, the effectiveness of this response type depends on the presence of antigen-specific precursors in the circulating mature B cell pool, a pool that is generated initially through the stochastic processes of B cell receptor assembly. Importantly, germinal centers then mold the repertoire of this B cell pool to be increasingly responsive to pathogens by generating a broad array of antimicrobial memory B cells that act as highly effective precursors of extrafollicular plasmablasts. Such B cell repertoire molding occurs in two ways: continuously via the chronic germinal centers of mucosal lymphoid tissues, driven by the presence of the microbiome, and via de novo generated germinal centers following acute infections. For effectively evaluating humoral immunity as a correlate of immune protection, it might be critical to measure memory B cell pools in addition to antibody titers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) are critical for the rapid development of protective immunity following re-infection. MBCs capable of neutralizing distinct subclasses of pathogens, such as influenza and HIV, have been identified in humans. However, efforts to develop vaccines that induce broadly protective MBCs to rapidly mutating pathogens have not yet been successful. Better understanding of the signals regulating MBC development and function are essential to overcome current challenges hindering successful vaccine development. Here, we discuss recent advancements regarding the signals and transcription factors regulating germinal centre-derived MBC development and function.
Collapse
|
27
|
Newell KL, Clemmer DC, Cox JB, Kayode YI, Zoccoli-Rodriguez V, Taylor HE, Endy TP, Wilmore JR, Winslow G. Switched and unswitched memory B cells detected during SARS-CoV-2 convalescence correlate with limited symptom duration. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [PMID: 32908991 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.04.20187724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the pandemic human respiratory illness COVID-19, is a global health emergency. While severe acute disease has been linked to an expansion of antibody-secreting plasmablasts, we sought to identify B cell responses that correlated with positive clinical outcomes in convalescent patients. We characterized the peripheral blood B cell immunophenotype and plasma antibody responses in 40 recovered non-hospitalized COVID-19 subjects that were enrolled as donors in a convalescent plasma treatment study. We observed a significant negative correlation between the frequency of peripheral blood memory B cells and the duration of symptoms for convalescent subjects. Memory B cell subsets in convalescent subjects were composed of classical CD24+ class-switched memory B cells, but also activated CD24-negative and natural unswitched CD27+ IgD+ IgM+ subsets. Memory B cell frequency was significantly correlated with both IgG1 and IgM responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). IgM+ memory, but not switched memory, directly correlated with virus-specific antibody responses, and remained stable over time. Our findings suggest that the frequency of memory B cells is a critical indicator of disease resolution, and that IgM+ memory B cells play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 immunity.
Collapse
|
28
|
Li H, Dement-Brown J, Liao PJ, Mazo I, Mills F, Kraus Z, Fitzsimmons S, Tolnay M. Fc receptor-like 4 and 5 define human atypical memory B cells. Int Immunol 2020; 32:755-770. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Atypical memory B cells accumulate in chronic infections and autoimmune conditions, and commonly express FCRL4 and FCRL5, respective IgA and IgG receptors. We characterized memory cells from tonsils on the basis of both FCRL4 and FCRL5 expression, defining three subsets with distinct surface proteins and gene expression. Atypical FCRL4+FCRL5+ memory cells had the most discrete surface protein expression and were enriched in cell adhesion pathways, consistent with functioning as tissue-resident cells. Atypical FCRL4−FCRL5+ memory cells expressed transcription factors and immunoglobulin genes that suggest poised differentiation into plasma cells. Accordingly, the FCRL4−FCRL5+ memory subset was enriched in pathways responding to endoplasmic reticulum stress and IFN-γ. We reconstructed ongoing B-cell responses as lineage trees, providing crucial in vivo developmental context. Each memory subset typically maintained its lineage, denoting mechanisms enforcing their phenotypes. Classical FCRL4−FCRL5− memory cells were infrequently detected in lineage trees, suggesting the majority were in a quiescent state. FCRL4−FCRL5+ cells were the most represented memory subset in lineage trees, indicating robust participation in ongoing responses. Together, these differences suggest FCRL4 and FCRL5 are unlikely to be passive markers but rather active drivers of human memory B-cell development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Li
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Dement-Brown
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Pei-Jyun Liao
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ilya Mazo
- Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Argentys Informatics LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Frederick Mills
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Zachary Kraus
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sean Fitzsimmons
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mate Tolnay
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Levack RC, Newell KL, Popescu M, Cabrera-Martinez B, Winslow GM. CD11c + T-bet + B Cells Require IL-21 and IFN-γ from Type 1 T Follicular Helper Cells and Intrinsic Bcl-6 Expression but Develop Normally in the Absence of T-bet. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1050-1058. [PMID: 32680956 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD11c+ T-bet+ B cells generated during ehrlichial infection require CD4+ T cell help and IL-21 signaling for their development, but the exact T cell subset required had not been known. In this study, we show in a mouse model of Ehrlichia muris that type 1 T follicular helper (TFH1) cells provide help to CD11c+ T-bet+ B cells via the dual secretion of IL-21 and IFN-γ in a CD40/CD40L-dependent manner. TFH1 cell help was delivered in two phases: IFN-γ signals were provided early in infection, whereas CD40/CD40L help was provided late in infection. In contrast to T-bet+ T cells, T-bet+ B cells did not develop in the absence of B cell-intrinsic Bcl-6 but were generated in the absence of T-bet. T-bet-deficient memory B cells were largely indistinguishable from their wild-type counterparts, although they no longer underwent switching to IgG2c. These data suggest that a primary function of T-bet in B cells during ehrlichial infection is to promote appropriate class switching, not lineage specification. Thus, CD11c+ memory B cells develop normally without T-bet but require Bcl-6 and specialized help from dual cytokine-producing TFH1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell C Levack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Krista L Newell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Maria Popescu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | | | - Gary M Winslow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dhenni R, Phan TG. The geography of memory B cell reactivation in vaccine-induced immunity and in autoimmune disease relapses. Immunol Rev 2020; 296:62-86. [PMID: 32472583 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Memory B cells (Bmem) provide an active second layer of defense against re-infection by pathogens that have bypassed the passive first layer provided by neutralizing antibodies. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of Bmem heterogeneity in terms of their origin (germinal center-dependent vs center-independent), phenotype (canonical vs atypical vs age-associated B cells), trafficking (recirculating vs tissue-resident), and fate (plasma cell vs germinal center differentiation). The development of transgenic models and intravital imaging technologies has made it possible to track the cellular dynamics of Bmem reactivation by antigen, their interactions with follicular memory T cells, and differentiation into plasma cells in subcapsular proliferative foci in the lymph nodes of immune animals. Such in situ studies have reinforced the importance of geography in shaping the outcome of the secondary antibody response. We also review the evidence for Bmem reactivation and differentiation into short-lived plasma cells in the pathogenesis of disease flares in relapsing-remitting autoimmune diseases. Elucidating the mechanisms that control the Bmem fate decision to differentiate into plasma cells or germinal center B cells will aid future efforts to more precisely engineer fit-for-purpose vaccines as well as to treat antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rama Dhenni
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bautista D, Vásquez C, Ayala-Ramírez P, Téllez-Sosa J, Godoy-Lozano E, Martínez-Barnetche J, Franco M, Angel J. Differential Expression of IgM and IgD Discriminates Two Subpopulations of Human Circulating IgM +IgD +CD27 + B Cells That Differ Phenotypically, Functionally, and Genetically. Front Immunol 2020; 11:736. [PMID: 32435242 PMCID: PMC7219516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin and function of blood IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells is controversial, and they are considered a heterogeneous population. Previous staining of circulating B cells of healthy donors with rotavirus fluorescent virus-like particles allowed us to differentiate two subsets of IgM+IgD+CD27+: IgMhi and IgMlo B cells. Here, we confirmed this finding and compared the phenotype, transcriptome, in vitro function, and Ig gene repertoire of these two subsets. Eleven markers phenotypically discriminated both subsets (CD1c, CD69, IL21R, CD27, MTG, CD45RB, CD5, CD184, CD23, BAFFR, and CD38) with the IgMhi phenotypically resembling previously reported marginal zone B cells and the IgMlo resembling both naïve and memory B cells. Transcriptomic analysis showed that both subpopulations clustered close to germinal center-experienced IgM only B cells with a Principal Component Analysis, but differed in expression of 78 genes. Moreover, IgMhi B cells expressed genes characteristic of previously reported marginal zone B cells. After stimulation with CpG and cytokines, significantly (p < 0.05) higher frequencies (62.5%) of IgMhi B cells proliferated, compared with IgMlo B cells (35.37%), and differentiated to antibody secreting cells (14.22% for IgMhi and 7.19% for IgMlo). IgMhi B cells had significantly (p < 0.0007) higher frequencies of mutations in IGHV and IGKV regions, IgMlo B cells had higher usage of IGHJ6 genes (p < 0.0001), and both subsets differed in their HCDR3 properties. IgMhi B cells shared most of their shared IGH clonotypes with IgM only memory B cells, and IgMlo B cells with IgMhi B cells. These results support the notion that differential expression of IgM and IgD discriminates two subpopulations of human circulating IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells, with the IgMhi B cells having similarities with previously described marginal zone B cells that passed through germinal centers, and the IgMlo B cells being the least differentiated amongst the IgM+CD27+ subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bautista
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo Vásquez
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola Ayala-Ramírez
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Téllez-Sosa
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ernestina Godoy-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jesús Martínez-Barnetche
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Manuel Franco
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juana Angel
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Johnson JL, Rosenthal RL, Knox JJ, Myles A, Naradikian MS, Madej J, Kostiv M, Rosenfeld AM, Meng W, Christensen SR, Hensley SE, Yewdell J, Canaday DH, Zhu J, McDermott AB, Dori Y, Itkin M, Wherry EJ, Pardi N, Weissman D, Naji A, Prak ETL, Betts MR, Cancro MP. The Transcription Factor T-bet Resolves Memory B Cell Subsets with Distinct Tissue Distributions and Antibody Specificities in Mice and Humans. Immunity 2020; 52:842-855.e6. [PMID: 32353250 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
B cell subsets expressing the transcription factor T-bet are associated with humoral immune responses and autoimmunity. Here, we examined the anatomic distribution, clonal relationships, and functional properties of T-bet+ and T-bet- memory B cells (MBCs) in the context of the influenza-specific immune response. In mice, both T-bet- and T-bet+ hemagglutinin (HA)-specific B cells arose in germinal centers, acquired memory B cell markers, and persisted indefinitely. Lineage tracing and IgH repertoire analyses revealed minimal interconversion between T-bet- and T-bet+ MBCs, and parabionts showed differential tissue residency and recirculation properties. T-bet+ MBCs could be subdivided into recirculating T-betlo MBCs and spleen-resident T-bethi MBCs. Human MBCs displayed similar features. Conditional gene deletion studies revealed that T-bet expression in B cells was required for nearly all HA stalk-specific IgG2c antibodies and for durable neutralizing titers to influenza. Thus, T-bet expression distinguishes MBC subsets that have profoundly different homing, residency, and functional properties, and mediate distinct aspects of humoral immune memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John L Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca L Rosenthal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James J Knox
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arpita Myles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Joanna Madej
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariya Kostiv
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Yewdell
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David H Canaday
- Division of Infectious Disease, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and Cleveland VA Hospital, Cleveland, OH 45106, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoav Dori
- Center for Lymphatic Imaging and Intervention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Max Itkin
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Cancro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The age-associated B cell subset has been the focus of increasing interest over the last decade. These cells have a unique cell surface phenotype and transcriptional signature, and they rely on TLR7 or TLR9 signals in the context of Th1 cytokines for their formation and activation. Most are antigen-experienced memory B cells that arise during responses to microbial infections and are key to pathogen clearance and control. Their increasing prevalence with age contributes to several well-established features of immunosenescence, including reduced B cell genesis and damped immune responses. In addition, they are elevated in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, and in these settings they are enriched for characteristic autoantibody specificities. Together, these features identify age-associated B cells as a subset with pivotal roles in immunological health, disease, and aging. Accordingly, a detailed understanding of their origins, functions, and physiology should make them tractable translational targets in each of these settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Cancro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
IgM + memory B cells induced in response to Plasmodium berghei adopt a germinal centre B cell phenotype during secondary infection. Parasitology 2020; 147:994-998. [PMID: 32279662 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202000061x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence started to delineate multiple layers of memory B cells, with distinct effector functions during recall responses. Whereas most studies examining long-lived memory B cell responses have focussed on the IgG+ memory B cell compartment, IgM+ memory B cells have only recently started to receive attention. It has been proposed that unlike IgG+ memory B cells, which differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells upon antigen re-encounter, IgM+ memory B cells might have the additional capacity to establish secondary germinal centre (GC) responses. The precise function of IgM+ memory B cells in the humoral immune response to malaria has not been fully defined. Using a murine model of severe malaria infection and adoptive transfer strategies we found that IgM+ memory B cells induced in responses to P. berghei ANKA readily proliferate upon re-infection and adopt a GC B cell-like phenotype. The results suggest that that IgM+ memory B cells might play an important role in populating secondary GCs after re-infection with Plasmodium, thereby initiating the induction of B cell clones with enhanced affinity for antigen, at faster rates than naive B cells.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kugler-Umana O, Devarajan P, Swain SL. Understanding the Heterogeneous Population of Age-Associated B Cells and Their Contributions to Autoimmunity and Immune Response to Pathogens. Crit Rev Immunol 2020; 40:297-309. [PMID: 33426819 PMCID: PMC8118092 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2020034934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In humans and mice, susceptibility to infections and autoimmunity increases with age due to age-associated changes in innate and adaptive immune responses. Aged innate cells are also less active, leading to decreased naive T- and B-cell responses. Aging innate cells contribute to an overall heightened inflammatory environment. Naive T and B cells undergo cell-intrinsic age-related changes that result in reduced effector and memory responses. However, previously established B- and T-cell memory responses persist with age. One dramatic change is the appearance of a newly recognized population of age-associated B cells (ABCs) that has a unique cluster of differentiation (CD)21-CD23- phenotype. Here, we discuss the discovery and origins of the naive phenotype immunoglobulin (Ig)D+ versus activated CD11c+T-bet+ ABCs, with a focus on protective and pathogenic properties. In humans and mice, antigen-experienced CD11c+T-bet+ ABCs increase with autoimmunity and appear in response to bacterial and viral infections. However, our analyses indicate that CD21-CD23- ABCs include a resting, naive, progenitor ABC population that expresses IgD. Similar to generation of CD11c+T-bet+ ABCs, naive ABC response to pathogens depends on toll-like receptor stimulation, making this a key feature of ABC activation. Here, we put forward a potential developmental map of distinct subsets from putative naive ABCs. We suggest that defining signals that can harness the naive ABC response may contribute to protection against pathogens in the elderly. CD11c+T-bet+ ABCs may be useful targets for therapeutic strategies to counter autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Kugler-Umana
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Susan L. Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pérez‐Mazliah D, Ndungu FM, Aye R, Langhorne J. B-cell memory in malaria: Myths and realities. Immunol Rev 2020; 293:57-69. [PMID: 31733075 PMCID: PMC6972598 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
B-cell and antibody responses to Plasmodium spp., the parasite that causes malaria, are critical for control of parasitemia and associated immunopathology. Antibodies also provide protection to reinfection. Long-lasting B-cell memory has been shown to occur in response to Plasmodium spp. in experimental model infections, and in human malaria. However, there are reports that antibody responses to several malaria antigens in young children living with malaria are not similarly long-lived, suggesting a dysfunction in the maintenance of circulating antibodies. Some studies attribute this to the expansion of atypical memory B cells (AMB), which express multiple inhibitory receptors and activation markers, and are hyporesponsive to B-cell receptor (BCR) restimulation in vitro. AMB are also expanded in other chronic infections such as tuberculosis, hepatitis B and C, and HIV, as well as in autoimmunity and old age, highlighting the importance of understanding their role in immunity. Whether AMB are dysfunctional remains controversial, as there are also studies in other infections showing that AMB can produce isotype-switched antibodies and in mouse can contribute to protection against infection. In light of these controversies, we review the most recent literature on either side of the debate and challenge some of the currently held views regarding B-cell responses to Plasmodium infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damián Pérez‐Mazliah
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteHull York Medical SchoolUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | | | - Racheal Aye
- Department of Immunology and Infectious DiseaseJohn Curtin School of Medical ResearchThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Trivedi N, Weisel F, Smita S, Joachim S, Kader M, Radhakrishnan A, Clouser C, Rosenfeld AM, Chikina M, Vigneault F, Hershberg U, Ismail N, Shlomchik MJ. Liver Is a Generative Site for the B Cell Response to Ehrlichia muris. Immunity 2019; 51:1088-1101.e5. [PMID: 31732168 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The B cell response to Ehrlichia muris is dominated by plasmablasts (PBs), with few-if any-germinal centers (GCs), yet it generates protective immunoglobulin M (IgM) memory B cells (MBCs) that express the transcription factor T-bet and harbor V-region mutations. Because Ehrlichia prominently infects the liver, we investigated the nature of liver B cell response and that of the spleen. B cells within infected livers proliferated and underwent somatic hypermutation (SHM). Vh-region sequencing revealed trafficking of clones between the spleen and liver and often subsequent local clonal expansion and intraparenchymal localization of T-bet+ MBCs. T-bet+ MBCs expressed MBC subset markers CD80 and PD-L2. Many T-bet+ MBCs lacked CD11b or CD11c expression but had marginal zone (MZ) B cell phenotypes and colonized the splenic MZ, revealing T-bet+ MBC plasticity. Hence, liver and spleen are generative sites of B cell responses, and they include V-region mutation and result in liver MBC localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Trivedi
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Florian Weisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Shuchi Smita
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Stephen Joachim
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Muhamuda Kader
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | | | | | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | | | - Nahed Ismail
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mark Jay Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Du SW, Arkatkar T, Al Qureshah F, Jacobs HM, Thouvenel CD, Chiang K, Largent AD, Li QZ, Hou B, Rawlings DJ, Jackson SW. Functional Characterization of CD11c + Age-Associated B Cells as Memory B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2817-2826. [PMID: 31636237 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated B cells (ABCs) are a unique subset of B cells defined by surface CD11b and CD11c expression. Although ABC expansion has been observed in both human and animal studies in the setting of advanced age, during humoral autoimmunity and following viral infection, the functional properties of this cellular subset remain incompletely defined. In the current study, we demonstrate that ABCs fulfill the criteria for memory B cells (MBCs), based on evidence of Ag-dependent expansion and persistence in a state poised for rapid differentiation into Ab-secreting plasma cells during secondary responses. First, we show that a majority of ABCs are not actively cycling but exhibit an extensive replication history consistent with prior Ag engagement. Second, despite unswitched surface IgM expression, ABCs show evidence of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-dependent somatic hypermutation. Third, BCRs cloned from sorted ABCs exhibit broad autoreactivity and polyreactivity. Although the overall level of ABC self-reactivity was not increased relative to naive B cells, ABCs lacked features of functional anergy characteristic of autoreactive B cells. Fourth, ABCs express MBC surface markers consistent with being poised for rapid plasma cell differentiation during recall responses. Finally, in a murine model of viral infection, adoptively transferred CD11c+ B cells rapidly differentiated into class-switched Ab-secreting cells upon Ag rechallenge. In summary, we phenotypically and functionally characterize ABCs as IgM-expressing MBCs, findings that together implicate ABCs in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Du
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Tanvi Arkatkar
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Fahd Al Qureshah
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101.,King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Holly M Jacobs
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | | | - Kristy Chiang
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | | | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Baidong Hou
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - David J Rawlings
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Shaun W Jackson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101; .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Weill JC, Reynaud CA. IgM memory B cells: specific effectors of innate-like and adaptive responses. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 63:1-6. [PMID: 31639539 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-experienced IgM+ B cells with mutated V genes have emerged as important effectors of both adaptive and innate-like immune responses. While their precise role in recall responses appear to differ according to the nature of the immunogen or the infectious agent, they are able to achieve rapid plasma cell differentiation, germinal center re-initiation, as well as IgM and IgG memory pool replenishment, which establishes them as multi-lineage precursors of the various functional memory subsets. For innate-like responses, recent data have shown that activation by gut commensals is able to generate, both in mice and humans, a systemic IgM+ population with specificity against glycan epitopes, which displays broad cross-reactivity towards multiple micro-organisms, and ensures a first line of defense against systemic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Weill
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, 156 rue de Vaugirard, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France.
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, 156 rue de Vaugirard, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sanz I, Wei C, Jenks SA, Cashman KS, Tipton C, Woodruff MC, Hom J, Lee FEH. Challenges and Opportunities for Consistent Classification of Human B Cell and Plasma Cell Populations. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2458. [PMID: 31681331 PMCID: PMC6813733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasingly recognized role of different types of B cells and plasma cells in protective and pathogenic immune responses combined with technological advances have generated a plethora of information regarding the heterogeneity of this human immune compartment. Unfortunately, the lack of a consistent classification of human B cells also creates significant imprecision on the adjudication of different phenotypes to well-defined populations. Additional confusion in the field stems from: the use of non-discriminatory, overlapping markers to define some populations, the extrapolation of mouse concepts to humans, and the assignation of functional significance to populations often defined by insufficient surface markers. In this review, we shall discuss the current understanding of human B cell heterogeneity and define major parental populations and associated subsets while discussing their functional significance. We shall also identify current challenges and opportunities. It stands to reason that a unified approach will not only permit comparison of separate studies but also improve our ability to define deviations from normative values and to create a clean framework for the identification, functional significance, and disease association with new populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Sanz
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chungwen Wei
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Scott A Jenks
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kevin S Cashman
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher Tipton
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Matthew C Woodruff
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer Hom
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Popescu M, Cabrera-Martinez B, Winslow GM. TNF-α Contributes to Lymphoid Tissue Disorganization and Germinal Center B Cell Suppression during Intracellular Bacterial Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2415-2424. [PMID: 31570507 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections are well-known causes of lymphoid tissue disorganization, although the factors, both host and/or pathogen derived, that mediate these changes are largely unknown. Ehrlichia muris infection in mice causes a loss of germinal center (GC) B cells that is accompanied by the generation of extrafollicular T-bet+ CD11c+ plasmablasts and IgM memory B cells. We addressed a possible role for TNF-α in this process because this cytokine has been shown to regulate GC development. Ablation of TNF-α during infection resulted in an 8-fold expansion of GL7+ CD38lo CD95+ GC B cells, and a 2.5- and 5-fold expansion of CD138+ plasmablasts and T-bet+ memory cells, respectively. These changes were accompanied by a reduction in splenomegaly, more organized T and B cell zones, and an improved response to Ag challenge. CXCL13, the ligand for CXCR5, was detected at 6-fold higher levels following infection but was much reduced following TNF-α ablation, suggesting that CXCL13 dysregulation also contributes to loss of lymphoid tissue organization. T follicular helper cells, which also underwent expansion in infected TNF-α--deficient mice, may also have contributed to the expansion of T-bet+ B cells, as the latter are known to require T cell help. Our findings contrast with previously described roles for TNF-α in GCs and reveal how host-pathogen interactions can induce profound changes in cytokine and chemokine production that can alter lymphoid tissue organization, GC B cell development, and extrafollicular T-bet+ B cell generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Popescu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Berenice Cabrera-Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Gary M Winslow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
A single exposure to many viral and bacterial pathogens typically induces life-long immunity, however, the development of the protective immunity to Plasmodium parasites is strikingly less efficient and achieves only partial protection, with adults residing in endemic areas often experiencing asymptomatic infections. Although naturally acquired immunity to malaria requires both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses, antibodies govern the control of malarial disease caused by the blood-stage form of the parasites. A large body of epidemiological evidence described that antibodies to Plasmodium antigens are inefficiently generated and rapidly lost without continued parasite exposure, suggesting that malaria is accompanied by defects in the development of immunological B cell memory. This topic has been of focus of recent studies of malaria infection in humans and mice. This review examines the main findings to date on the processes that modulate the acquisition of memory B cell responses to malaria, and highlights the importance of closing outstanding gaps of knowledge in the field for the rational design of next generation therapeutics against malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Ly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Diana S Hansen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Knox JJ, Myles A, Cancro MP. T-bet + memory B cells: Generation, function, and fate. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:149-160. [PMID: 30874358 PMCID: PMC6626622 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
B cells expressing the transcription factor T-bet have emerged as participants in a number of protective and pathogenic immune responses. T-bet+ B cells characteristically differentiate in response to combined Toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling, contribute to protective immunity against intracellular pathogens via IgG2a/c production and antibody-independent mechanisms, and are prone to produce autoantibodies. Despite recent advances, a number of questions remain regarding the basic biology of T-bet+ B cells and their functional niche within the immune system. Herein, we review the discovery and defining characteristics of the T-bet+ B cell subset in both mice and humans. We further discuss their origins, the basis for their persistence, and their potential fate in vivo. Evidence indicates that T-bet+ B cells represent a distinct, germinal center-derived memory population that may serve as an important therapeutic target for the improvement of humoral immunity and prevention of autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Knox
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Arpita Myles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael P. Cancro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Myles A, Sanz I, Cancro MP. T-bet + B cells: A common denominator in protective and autoreactive antibody responses? Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 57:40-45. [PMID: 30784957 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T-bet+ B cells have emerged as a key component of the humoral immune response in both infections and autoimmune disorders, with many of their phenotypic and functional attributes conserved between mice and humans. They are protective (infections) and pathogenic (autoimmunity), although the associated commonalities and differences remain unclear. Heterogeneity within this pool, in terms of origin, fate and function may underlie these divergent roles. Their significance is context-dependent- they may constitute a persistent effector memory cell pool, or products of recent primary responses. In both cases however, T-bet+ cells likely represent antigen-experienced progenitors of antibody-secreting cells with multipotent properties. Given their key contributions to both immunity and disease, T-bet+ B cells are an attractive target for vaccination and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Myles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael P Cancro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|