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Mandal M, Ghosh S, Roy S, Mandal S, Dasgupta A. Association of Diabetic Retinopathy with Midlife Hepatic Steatosis Diagnosed by Elastography and Hepatic Steatosis Index in Type 2 Diabetes in an Indian Population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:214-221. [PMID: 38417047 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: People with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing hepatic steatosis. We determined the prevalence of hepatic steatosis in middle-aged patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR) in an Indian population. We feel this information is critical, with trends of increasing chronic liver disease-related mortality at younger ages. Method: Institution-based analytical cross-sectional study with 114 middle-aged type 2 diabetes patients; 57 in each group with <15 years of duration of DM and without excessive drinking. Hepatic steatosis was determined by the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), hepatic ultrasonography (USG), and elastography. Result: The HSI in DR (37.9 ± 3.9) was more (P = 0.012) than in without diabetic retinopathy (NODR) (36.3 ± 3.3). There was no difference between two groups in liver span (P = 0.829) or in the prevalence of fatty liver (P = 0.562) as determined by conventional USG. Elastography value (kPa) was more (P = 0.001) in DR (6.51 ± 1.85) than in NODR (5.14 ± 1.60). On elastography, 50.9% in DR had a likelihood ratio (Metavir score for a stiffness value) for stage 2 Metavir score. In DR, 11.8% of those missed by USG had a likelihood ratio for ≥ stage 2 Metavir score on elastography. The presence of DR was independently correlated with kPa value (P < 0.001). Conclusion: A significantly higher prevalence of hepatic steatosis was observed in DR in this population. DR can be a useful biomarker for early hepatic screening in midlife, particularly with hepatic elastography, so that timely diagnosis of hepatic steatosis can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mily Mandal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Sambuddha Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Satarupa Roy
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Sayani Mandal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Anindya Dasgupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Jhargram Government Medical College, Jhargram, India
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2
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Rudnick DA. New Insights About Epigenetic Mechanisms That Influence Risk of Transgenerational Fatty Liver Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:501-502. [PMID: 38169193 PMCID: PMC10884554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Rudnick
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Hanlon MA, Gulati R, Johnston M, Fleifil Y, Rivas M, Timchenko NA. Genetic Ablation of C/EBPα-p300 Pathway Blocks Development of Obese Pregnancy Associated Liver Disorders in Offspring. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:347-360. [PMID: 37967813 PMCID: PMC10821535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease represents a common cause of pediatric liver diseases, including the pediatric liver cancer hepatoblastoma. The mechanisms behind the development of fatty liver in children are not yet known. We examined the role of the C/EBPα-p300 pathway in the development of maternal obesity-associated fatty liver phenotype in offspring. METHODS Because the ability of C/EBPα to promote fatty liver phenotype is enhanced by CDK4-mediated phosphorylation of C/EBPα at Ser193 and subsequent formation of C/EBPα-p300 complexes, we used wild-type (WT) and C/EBPα-S193D and C/EBPα-S193A mutant mice to study the effects of maternal high-fat diet (HFD) on the liver health of offspring. The females of these mouse lines were fed an HFD before mating, and the pups were further subjected to either an HFD or a normal diet for 12 weeks. RESULTS WT female mice on the HFD before and during pregnancy and their subsequent offspring on the HFD had severe fatty liver, fibrosis, and an increased rate of liver proliferation. However, the HFD in C/EBPα-S193A mice did not cause development of these disorders. In HFD-HFD treated WT mice, C/EBPα is phosphorylated at Ser193 and forms complexes with p300, which activate expression of genes involved in development of fatty liver, fibrosis, and proliferation. However, S193A-C/EBPα mice do not have complexes of C/EBPα-S193A with p300, leading to a lack of activation of genes of fatty liver, fibrosis, and proliferation. The mutant C/EBPα-S193D mice have accelerated cdk4-dependent pathway and have developed steatosis at early stages. CONCLUSIONS These studies identified the epigenetic cause of obese pregnancy-associated liver diseases and suggest a potential therapy based on inhibition of cdk4-ph-S193-C/EBPα-p300 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Hanlon
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ruhi Gulati
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael Johnston
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yasmeen Fleifil
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Maria Rivas
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP) Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nikolai A Timchenko
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Huang X, Zheng D, Liu C, Huang J, Chen X, Zhong J, Wang J, Lin X, Zhao C, Chen M, Su S, Chen Y, Xu C, Lin C, Huang Y, Zhang S. miR-214 could promote myocardial fibrosis and cardiac mesenchymal transition in VMC mice through regulation of the p53 or PTEN-PI3K-Akt signali pathway, promoting CF proliferation and inhibiting its ng pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110765. [PMID: 37647681 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-214 in the bidirectional regulation of p53 and PTEN and its influence on myocardial fibrosis and cardiac mesenchymal transformation in mice with viral myocarditis (VMC). METHODS The study established a VMC model in BALB/c mice by injecting them with the CVB3 virus intraperitoneally. Techniques such as ELISA, H&E staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemical staining, RT-qPCR, western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were used to detect the expression levels of relevant factors in tissues and cells. Isolation and culture of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were also conducted. RESULTS The study found that miR-214 bidirectional regulation of p53 and PTEN promotes myocardial fibrosis and cardiac mesenchymal transformation in mice with VMC. The expression levels of collagen-related peptides, inflammatory-related factors, miR-214, mesenchymal transformation-related factors, and fibrosis-related factors were significantly increased, while the expression levels of p53, PTEN, and epithelial/endothelial cell phenotype marker factors were significantly decreased. Downregulation of miR-214 or upregulation of p53 and PTEN expression inhibited inflammatory cell and fibroblast infiltration in VMC mouse myocardial tissue. It reduced the proliferation ability while increasing the apoptosis of cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSION miR-214 plays a significant role in the bidirectional inhibition of p53 and PTEN, which leads to myocardial fibrosis and cardiac mesenchymal transformation in mice with VMC. Downregulation of miR-214 or upregulation of p53 and PTEN expression may provide potential therapeutic targets for treating VMC-induced cardiac fibrosis and mesenchymal transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianggui Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, PR China
| | - Danling Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Jianxiang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Xiaoshan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Jialin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Xinyue Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Chengkuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Meini Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Siman Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Chaoxian Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Shantou Chaonan Minsheng Hospital, Shantou 515000, PR China
| | - Yihui Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China.
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China.
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Donghia R, Pesole PL, Castellaneta A, Coletta S, Squeo F, Bonfiglio C, De Pergola G, Rinaldi R, De Nucci S, Giannelli G, Di Leo A, Tatoli R. Age-Related Dietary Habits and Blood Biochemical Parameters in Patients with and without Steatosis-MICOL Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:4058. [PMID: 37764841 PMCID: PMC10534690 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steatosis is now the most common liver disease in the world, present in approximately 25% of the global population. The aim of this study was to study the association between food intake and liver disease and evaluate the differences in blood parameters in age classes and steatosic condition. METHODS The present study included 1483 participants assessed in the fourth recall of the MICOL study. Patients were subdivided by age (>65 years) and administered a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 28 food groups. RESULTS The prevalence of steatosis was 55.92% in the adult group and 55.88% in the elderly group. Overall, the results indicated many statistically significant blood parameters and dietary habits. Analysis of food choices with a machine learning algorithm revealed that in the adult group, olive oil, grains, processed meat, and sweets were associated with steatosis, while the elderly group preferred red meat, dairy, seafood, and fruiting vegetables. Furthermore, the latter ate less as compared with the adult group. CONCLUSIONS Many differences were found between the two age groups, both in blood parameters and food intake. The random forest also revealed different foods predicted steatosis in the two groups. Future analysis will be useful to understand the molecular basis of these differences and how different food intake causes steatosis in people of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Donghia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (P.L.P.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (G.D.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (G.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Pasqua Letizia Pesole
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (P.L.P.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (G.D.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (G.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Antonino Castellaneta
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (F.S.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Sergio Coletta
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (P.L.P.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (G.D.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (G.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Francesco Squeo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (F.S.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Caterina Bonfiglio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (P.L.P.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (G.D.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (G.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (P.L.P.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (G.D.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (G.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Roberta Rinaldi
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (P.L.P.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (G.D.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (G.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Sara De Nucci
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (P.L.P.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (G.D.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (G.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (P.L.P.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (G.D.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (G.G.); (R.T.)
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (F.S.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Rossella Tatoli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (P.L.P.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (G.D.P.); (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (G.G.); (R.T.)
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Guo J, Huang X, Dou L, Yan M, Shen T, Tang W, Li J. Aging and aging-related diseases: from molecular mechanisms to interventions and treatments. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:391. [PMID: 36522308 PMCID: PMC9755275 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a gradual and irreversible pathophysiological process. It presents with declines in tissue and cell functions and significant increases in the risks of various aging-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, and immune system diseases. Although the development of modern medicine has promoted human health and greatly extended life expectancy, with the aging of society, a variety of chronic diseases have gradually become the most important causes of disability and death in elderly individuals. Current research on aging focuses on elucidating how various endogenous and exogenous stresses (such as genomic instability, telomere dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, compromise of autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, deregulated nutrient sensing) participate in the regulation of aging. Furthermore, thorough research on the pathogenesis of aging to identify interventions that promote health and longevity (such as caloric restriction, microbiota transplantation, and nutritional intervention) and clinical treatment methods for aging-related diseases (depletion of senescent cells, stem cell therapy, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory treatments, and hormone replacement therapy) could decrease the incidence and development of aging-related diseases and in turn promote healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Lin Dou
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Mingjing Yan
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Tao Shen
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Weiqing Tang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jian Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730 China
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7
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Applications and mechanisms of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, PD-0332991, in solid tumors. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1053-1071. [PMID: 36087253 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal CDK4/6-Rb-E2F signal transduction is a common finding in tumors and is a driving factor for the excessive proliferation of various tumor cells. PD-0332991, a highly specific, small molecule inhibitor for CDK4 and 6, has been shown to inhibit tumor growth by abrogating the phosphorylating capacity of CDK4/6 and suppressing Rb phosphorylation. It has been promoted for the treatment of breast cancer and potentially for other tumor types such as liver cancers, lung cancers and sarcomas. Due to the risk of monotherapy resistance, PD-0332991 is commonly used in combination with other drugs. Such combination treatments have proved able to inhibit tumor proliferation more effectively, induce stronger senescence and apoptosis, and enhance the efficiency of immunotherapy. Therefore, tumor cells with senescence induced by PD-0332991 are now used as ideal screening tools of cytolytic drugs with more efficient and thorough anti-tumor properties. With more extensive understandings about the branching points between senescence and apoptosis, it is possible to refine the dosage of PD-0332991. Better characterization of resistant cells, of inhibitors and of adverse effects such as leukopenia are needed to overcome obstacles in the use of PD-0332991. In this review of PD-0332991 research, we hope to provide guidance of transitions from laboratory findings to clinical applications of PD-0332991 and to facilitate PD-0332991-based multi-inhibitor combination therapies for various tumors.
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Wang L, Feng J, Deng Y, Yang Q, Wei Q, Ye D, Rong X, Guo J. CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins in Fibrosis: Complex Roles Beyond Conventional Understanding. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9891689. [PMID: 36299447 PMCID: PMC9575473 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9891689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of at least six identified transcription factors that contain a highly conserved basic leucine zipper domain and interact selectively with duplex DNA to regulate target gene expression. C/EBPs play important roles in various physiological processes, and their abnormal function can lead to various diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant C/EBP expression or activity is closely associated with the onset and progression of fibrosis in several organs and tissues. During fibrosis, various C/EBPs can exert distinct functions in the same organ, while the same C/EBP can exert distinct functions in different organs. Modulating C/EBP expression or activity could regulate various molecular processes to alleviate fibrosis in multiple organs; therefore, novel C/EBPs-based therapeutic methods for treating fibrosis have attracted considerable attention. In this review, we will explore the features of C/EBPs and their critical functions in fibrosis in order to highlight new avenues for the development of novel therapies targeting C/EBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyue Deng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quxing Wei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Aggarwal S, Trehanpati N, Nagarajan P, Ramakrishna G. The Clock-NAD + -Sirtuin connection in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3164-3180. [PMID: 35616339 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic or metabolic associated fatty liver disease (NAFLD/MAFLD) is a hepatic reflection of metabolic derangements characterized by excess fat deposition in the hepatocytes. Identifying metabolic regulatory nodes in fatty liver pathology is essential for effective drug targeting. Fatty liver is often associated with circadian rhythm disturbances accompanied with alterations in physical and feeding activities. In this regard, both sirtuins and clock machinery genes have emerged as critical metabolic regulators in maintaining liver homeostasis. Knockouts of either sirtuins or clock genes result in obesity associated with the fatty liver phenotype. Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) are a highly conserved family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, protecting cells from metabolic stress by deacetylating vital proteins associated with lipid metabolism. Circadian rhythm is orchestrated by oscillations in expression of master regulators (BMAL1 and CLOCK), which in turn regulate rhythmic expression of clock-controlled genes involved in lipid metabolism. The circadian metabolite, NAD+ , serves as a crucial link connecting clock genes to sirtuin activity. This is because, NAMPT which is a rate limiting enzyme in NAD+ biosynthesis is transcriptionally regulated by the clock genes and NAD+ in turn is a cofactor regulating the deacetylation activity of sirtuins. Intriguingly, on one hand the core circadian clock regulates the sirtuin activity and on the other hand the activated sirtuins regulate the acetylation status of clock proteins thereby affecting their transcriptional functions. Thus, the Clock-NAD+-Sirtuin connection represents a novel "feedback loop" circuit that regulates the metabolic machinery. The current review underpins the importance of NAD+ on the sirtuin and clock connection in preventing fatty liver disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savera Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupma Trehanpati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Department of Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Pedroza-Diaz J, Arroyave-Ospina JC, Serna Salas S, Moshage H. Modulation of Oxidative Stress-Induced Senescence during Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050975. [PMID: 35624839 PMCID: PMC9137746 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by disturbed lipid metabolism and increased oxidative stress. These conditions lead to the activation of different cellular response mechanisms, including senescence. Cellular senescence constitutes an important response to injury in the liver. Recent findings show that chronic oxidative stress can induce senescence, and this might be a driving mechanism for NAFLD progression, aggravating the disturbance of lipid metabolism, organelle dysfunction, pro-inflammatory response and hepatocellular damage. In this context, the modulation of cellular senescence can be beneficial to ameliorate oxidative stress-related damage during NAFLD progression. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress and senescence in the mechanisms leading to NAFLD and discusses the possibilities to modulate senescence as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Pedroza-Diaz
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.P.-D.); (S.S.S.); (H.M.)
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica GI2B, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050536, Colombia
| | - Johanna C. Arroyave-Ospina
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.P.-D.); (S.S.S.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sandra Serna Salas
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.P.-D.); (S.S.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Han Moshage
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.P.-D.); (S.S.S.); (H.M.)
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11
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Zhao Y, Yang Y, Li Q, Li J. Understanding the Unique Microenvironment in the Aging Liver. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:842024. [PMID: 35280864 PMCID: PMC8907916 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.842024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, many studies have focused on aging because of our pursuit of longevity. With lifespans extended, the regenerative capacity of the liver gradually declines due to the existence of aging. This is partially due to the unique microenvironment in the aged liver, which affects a series of physiological processes. In this review, we summarize the related researches in the last decade and try to highlight the aging-related alterations in the aged liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhou Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Jianzhou Li
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12
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Hsu WB, Lin SJ, Hung JS, Chen MH, Lin CY, Hsu WH, Hsu WWR. Effect of resistance training on satellite cells in old mice - a transcriptome study : implications for sarcopenia. Bone Joint Res 2022; 11:121-133. [PMID: 35188421 PMCID: PMC8882320 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.112.bjr-2021-0079.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The decrease in the number of satellite cells (SCs), contributing to myofibre formation and reconstitution, and their proliferative capacity, leads to muscle loss, a condition known as sarcopenia. Resistance training can prevent muscle loss; however, the underlying mechanisms of resistance training effects on SCs are not well understood. We therefore conducted a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of SCs in a mouse model. Methods We compared the differentially expressed genes of SCs in young mice (eight weeks old), middle-aged (48-week-old) mice with resistance training intervention (MID+ T), and mice without exercise (MID) using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics. Results After the bioinformatic analysis, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway and the regulation of actin cytoskeleton in particular were highlighted among the top ten pathways with the most differentially expressed genes involved in the young/MID and MID+ T/MID groups. The expression of Gng5, Atf2, and Rtor in the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway was higher in the young and MID+ T groups compared with the MID group. Similarly, Limk1, Arhgef12, and Araf in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton pathway had a similar bias. Moreover, the protein expression profiles of Atf2, Rptor, and Ccnd3 in each group were paralleled with the results of NGS. Conclusion Our results revealed that age-induced muscle loss might result from age-influenced genes that contribute to muscle development in SCs. After resistance training, age-impaired genes were reactivated, and age-induced genes were depressed. The change fold in these genes in the young/MID mice resembled those in the MID + T/MID group, suggesting that resistance training can rejuvenate the self-renewing ability of SCs by recovering age-influenced genes to prevent sarcopenia. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(2):121–133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Hsu
- Sports Medicine Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jie Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Shiuan Hung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiu Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Robert Hsu
- Sports Medicine Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Puzi, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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13
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Li R, Li Y, Tian M, Zhang H, Lou L, Liu K, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Le S, Fu X, Zhou Y, Li W, Gao X, Nie Y. Comparative proteomic profiling reveals a pathogenic role for the O-GlcNAcylated AIMP2-PARP1 complex in aging-related hepatic steatosis in mice. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:128-145. [PMID: 34817071 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases with aging. However, the mechanism of aging-related NAFLD remains unclear. Herein, we constructed an aging-related hepatic steatosis model and analyzed the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in livers from young and old mice using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Five hundred and eighty-eight aging-related DEPs and novel pathways were identified. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 2 (AIMP2), the most significantly upregulated protein, promoted poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) activation in aging-related hepatic steatosis. Additionally, mice liver-specific O-GlcNAcase knockout promoted AIMP2 and PARP1 expression. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) overexpression and O-GlcNAcase inhibition by genetic or pharmaceutical manipulations increased AIMP2 and PARP1 levels in vitro. Mechanistically, O-GlcNAcylation increased AIMP2 protein stability, leading to its aggregation. Our study reveals O-GlcNAcylated AIMP2 as a novel pathogenic regulator of aging-related hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renlong Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haohao Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijun Lou
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiehao Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuangshuang Le
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Fu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjiao Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianchun Gao
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Bima A, Eldakhakhny B, Nuwaylati D, Alnami A, Ajabnoor M, Elsamanoudy A. The Interplay of Vitamin D Deficiency and Cellular Senescence in The Pathogenesis of Obesity-Related Co-Morbidities. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114127. [PMID: 34836382 PMCID: PMC8618094 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review aims to clarify the interplay between obesity, vitamin D deficiency, cellular senescence, and obesity-related metabolic consequences, mainly subclinical atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Obesity is a significant global health problem that involves cellular, environmental, behavioral, and genetic elements. The fundamental cause of obesity throughout all life stages is an energy imbalance, and its consequences are countless and, foremost, very common. Obesity has been comprehensively studied in the literature given its association with low serum vitamin D, with many proposed mechanisms linking the two conditions. Moreover, markers of exaggerated cellular senescence have been proven to accumulate in obese individuals. Subclinical atherosclerosis initiates an early stage that ends in serious cardiac events, and obesity, low vitamin D, and senescent cells largely contribute to its associated chronic low-grade inflammation. Furthermore, NAFLD signifies the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and studies have highlighted the important role of obesity, vitamin D deficiency, and cellular senescence in its development. Therefore, we outlined the most important mechanisms tying these conditions to one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhadi Bima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Basmah Eldakhakhny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Dina Nuwaylati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abrar Alnami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Ayman Elsamanoudy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.); (M.A.)
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-59-506-2375
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15
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Zhang B, Zhang X, Zhang C, Sun G, Sun X. Berberine Improves the Protective Effects of Metformin on Diabetic Nephropathy in db/db Mice through Trib1-dependent Inhibiting Inflammation. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1807-1820. [PMID: 34773184 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of severe diabetic complications in the diabetes, is the main cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Notably, the currently available medications used to treat DN remain limited. Here, we determined whether berberine (BBR) could enhance the anti-diabetic nephropathy activities of metformin (Met) and explored its possible mechanisms. METHOD The anti-diabetic nephropathy properties were systematically analyzed in the diabetic db/db mice treated with Met, BBR or with combination of Met and BBR. RESULTS We found that both single Met and BBR treatments, and combination therapy could lower blood glucose, and ameliorate insulin resistance. The improvement of lipids metabolism by co-administration was more evident, as indicated by reduced serum cholesterol and less fat accumulation in the liver. Further, it was found that Met and BBR treatments, and co-administration could attenuate the progression of DN. However, anti-diabetic nephropathy activities of Met were enhanced when combined with BBR, as evidenced by improved renal function and histological abnormalities of diabetic kidney. Mechanistically, BBR enhanced renal-protective effects of Met primarily through potently promoting expression of Trib1, which subsequently downregulated the increased protein levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and eventually inhibited fatty synthesis proteins and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling. CONCLUSION Our data provide novel insight that co-administration of BBR and Met exerts a preferable activity of anti-diabetic nephropathy via collectively enhancing lipolysis and inhibiting inflammation. Combination therapy with these two drugs may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for the medical treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.
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16
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Investigation of the hepatic mTOR/S6K1/SREBP1 signalling pathway in rats at different ages: from neonates to adults. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7415-7422. [PMID: 34655015 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctions in the lipogenic process controlled by the hepatic mTOR/S6K1/SREBP-1c signaling pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases. In the present study, we aimed to determine age-related changes in the mTOR/S6K1/SREBP1 pathway in rat liver tissues. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed Western Blot analysis to determine age-related changes in the mTOR/S6K1/SREBP1 pathway in Sprague Dawley male rats liver tissues of six different age groups representing neonatal, infant, weaning, puberty, young adult, adult life periods, and Oil Red O staining to evaluate age-related lipid accumulation. We observed an increase in Akt and p-Akt levels with age in compared to the 0-day-old group. Total mTOR and SREBP1 expression increased from the 0-day-old to the 28-day-old group but decreased in the following age groups. p-mTOR and p-S6K1 levels in the 0-day-old group were higher than the other groups. S6K1 expression was lowest in the 0-day-old group and showed changes among the age groups. Lipid accumulation was seen in liver sections taken from the 12-month-old group. mTOR/S6K1/SREBP1 pathway expression showed changes with age during the neonatal-adult life cycle stages in rat liver tissues. CONCLUSION We suggest that understanding the molecular mechanisms age-related changes of lipogenesis function is necessary to contribute to the development of therapeutic approaches.
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17
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Involvement of Autophagy in Ageing and Chronic Cholestatic Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102772. [PMID: 34685751 PMCID: PMC8534511 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a “housekeeping” lysosomal degradation process involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes in all eukaryotic cells. The dysregulation of hepatic autophagy has been described in several conditions, from obesity to diabetes and cholestatic disease. We review the role of autophagy, focusing on age-related cholestatic diseases, and discuss its therapeutic potential and the molecular targets identified to date. The accumulation of toxic BAs is the main cause of cell damage in cholestasis patients. BAs and their receptor, FXR, have been implicated in the regulation of hepatic autophagy. The mechanisms by which cholestasis induces liver damage include mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and ER stress, which lead to cell death and ultimately to liver fibrosis as a compensatory mechanism to reduce the damage. The stimulation of autophagy seems to ameliorate the liver damage. Autophagic activity decreases with age in several species, whereas its basic extends lifespan in animals, suggesting that it is one of the convergent mechanisms of several longevity pathways. No strategies aimed at inducing autophagy have yet been tested in cholestasis patients. However, its stimulation can be viewed as a novel therapeutic strategy that may reduce ageing-dependent liver deterioration and also mitigate hepatic steatosis.
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18
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Dabravolski SA, Bezsonov EE, Orekhov AN. The role of mitochondria dysfunction and hepatic senescence in NAFLD development and progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112041. [PMID: 34411916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a crucial player in several metabolic disorders and chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent data prove the involvement of hepatocyte senescence in the development of NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). As the main energy and ROS (reactive oxygen species) producing organelle, mitochondria play the central role in accelerated senescence and diseases development. In this review, we focus on the role of regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, NAD+/NADH ratio, UPRmt (mitochondrial unfolded protein response), phospholipids and fatty acid oxidation in hepatic senescence, lifespan and NAFLD disease susceptibility. Additionally, the involvement of mitochondrial and nuclear mutations in lifespan-modulation and NAFLD development is discussed. While nuclear and mitochondria DNA mutations and SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) can be used as effective diagnostic markers and targets for treatments, advanced age should be considered as an independent risk factor for NAFLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus.
| | - Evgeny E Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow 121609, Russia.
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19
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Liu Q, Chen F, Yang T, Su J, Song S, Fu ZR, Li Y, Hu YP, Wang MJ. Aged-related Function Disorder of Liver is Reversed after Exposing to Young Milieu via Conversion of Hepatocyte Ploidy. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1238-1251. [PMID: 34341705 PMCID: PMC8279529 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous study showed that senescent hepatocytes from aged liver could be rejuvenated after repopulated in the young recipient liver. The proliferative capacity of hepatocytes was restored with the senescence reversal. However, it is unknown whether metabolic and homeostatic function of aged liver, as well as age-dependent liver steatosis could be rejuvenated or alleviated. Here, we found that senescent hepatocytes from aged liver were rejuvenated after exposing to young blood. An autonomous proliferation of senescent hepatocytes which resulting in ploidy reversal might be the underlying mechanism of senescent reversal. After performing 2/3 partial hepatectomy (2/3PHx) in young blood exposed old liver, delayed DNA synthesis of senescent hepatocytes was rescued and the number of BrdU positive hepatocytes was restored from 4.39±2.30% to 17.85±3.21%, similarly to that in the young mice at 36 hours post 2/3PHx. Moreover, Cyclin A2 and Cyclin E1 overexpression of hepatocytes in aged liver facilitating the G1/S phase transition was contributed to enhance liver regeneration. Furthermore, lipid droplet spread widely in the elderly human liver and old mouse liver, but this aged-associated liver steatosis was alleviated as senescence reversal. Collectively, our study provides new thoughts for effectively preventing age-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggui Liu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for stem cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Chen
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for stem cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for stem cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Su
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for stem cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohua Song
- 2Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ren Fu
- 2Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- 3State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for stem cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Jun Wang
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for stem cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
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20
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Meijnikman AS, Herrema H, Scheithauer TPM, Kroon J, Nieuwdorp M, Groen AK. Evaluating causality of cellular senescence in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100301. [PMID: 34113839 PMCID: PMC8170167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that has important physiological functions. However, cellular senescence is also a hallmark of ageing and has been associated with several pathological conditions. A wide range of factors including genotoxic stress, mitogens and inflammatory cytokines can induce senescence. Phenotypically, senescent cells are characterised by short telomeres, an enlarged nuclear area and damaged genomic and mitochondrial DNA. Secretion of proinflammatory proteins, also known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, is a characteristic of senescent cells that is thought to be the main contributor to their disease-inducing properties. In the past decade, the role of cellular senescence in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has garnered significant interest. Until recently, it was suggested that hepatocyte cellular senescence is a mere consequence of the metabolic dysregulation and inflammatory phenomena in fatty liver disease. However, recent work in rodents has suggested that senescence may be a causal factor in NAFLD development. Although causality is yet to be established in humans, current evidence suggests that targeting senescent cells has therapeutic potential for NAFLD. We aim to provide insights into the quality of the evidence supporting a causal role of cellular senescence in the development of NAFLD in rodents and humans. We will elaborate on key cellular and molecular features of senescence and discuss the efficacy and safety of novel senolytic drugs for the treatment or prevention of NAFLD.
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Key Words
- ATM, ataxia telangiectasia mutated
- C/EBPα, CCAAT- enhancer-binding protein
- CDK, cyclin dependent kinase
- DDR, DNA damage response
- FFAs, free fatty acids
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IL-, interleukin
- KC, Kupffer cell
- LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell
- MCP1/CCL2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MiDAS, mitochondrial dysfunction-associated senescence
- NAFL, non-alcoholic fatty liver
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Rb, retinoblastoma factor
- SA-β gal, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase
- SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype
- SCAP, senescence-associated antiapoptotic pathways
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor-β
- TNFα, tumour necrosis factor-α
- cellular senescence
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- obesity
- qPCR, quantitative PCR
- senolytics
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Stijn Meijnikman
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Kornelis Groen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Meibergdreef 9 room G-146, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
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21
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Brea R, Valdecantos P, Rada P, Alen R, García-Monzón C, Boscá L, Fuertes-Agudo M, Casado M, Martín-Sanz P, Valverde ÁM. Chronic treatment with acetaminophen protects against liver aging by targeting inflammation and oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7800-7827. [PMID: 33780353 PMCID: PMC8034963 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver exhibits a variety of functions that are well-preserved during aging. However, the cellular hallmarks of aging increase the risk of hepatic alterations and development of chronic liver diseases. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a first choice for relieving mild-to-moderate pain. Most of the knowledge about APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity arises from acute overdose studies due to massive oxidative stress and inflammation, but little is known about its effect in age-related liver inflammation after chronic exposure. Our results show that chronic treatment of wild-type mice on the B6D2JRcc/Hsd genetic background with APAP at an infratherapeutic dose reduces liver alterations during aging without affecting body weight. This intervention attenuates age-induced mild oxidative stress by increasing HO-1, MnSOD and NQO1 protein levels and reducing ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. More importantly, APAP treatment counteracts the increase in Cd8+ and the reduction in Cd4+ T lymphocytes observed in the liver with age. This response was also found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, chronic infratherapeutic APAP treatment protects mice from age-related liver alterations by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Brea
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Valdecantos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Patricia Rada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Rosa Alen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Carmelo García-Monzón
- Liver Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid 28009, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marina Fuertes-Agudo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia 46010, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Casado
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia 46010, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ángela M. Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, (CSIC-UAM), Department of Metabolism and Cellular Signaling, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem) ISCIII, Madrid 28029, Spain
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22
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Hepatic Senescence Accompanies the Development of NAFLD in Non-Aged Mice Independently of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073446. [PMID: 33810566 PMCID: PMC8037476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is considered to be a cardinal player in several chronic inflammatory and metabolic pathologies. The two dominant mechanisms of senescence include replicative senescence, predominantly depending on age-induced telomere shortening, and stress-induced senescence, triggered by external or intracellular harmful stimuli. Recent data indicate that hepatocyte senescence is involved in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, previous studies have mainly focused on age-related senescence during NAFLD, in the presence or absence of obesity, while information about whether the phenomenon is characterized by replicative or stress-induced senescence, especially in non-aged organisms, is scarce. Herein, we subjected young mice to two different diet-induced NAFLD models which differed in the presence of obesity. In both models, liver fat accumulation and increased hepatic mRNA expression of steatosis-related genes were accompanied by hepatic senescence, indicated by the increased expression of senescence-associated genes and the presence of a robust hybrid histo-/immunochemical senescence-specific staining in the liver. Surprisingly, telomere length and global DNA methylation did not differ between the steatotic and the control livers, while malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress, was upregulated in the mouse NAFLD livers. These findings suggest that senescence accompanies NAFLD emergence, even in non-aged organisms, and highlight the role of stress-induced senescence during steatosis development independently of obesity.
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23
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D'Souza AM, Cast A, Kumbaji M, Rivas M, Gulati R, Johnston M, Smithrud D, Geller J, Timchenko N. Small Molecule Cjoc42 Improves Chemo-Sensitivity and Increases Levels of Tumor Suppressor Proteins in Hepatoblastoma Cells and in Mice by Inhibiting Oncogene Gankyrin. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:580722. [PMID: 33746747 PMCID: PMC7969996 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.580722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Relapsed hepatoblastoma (HBL) and upfront hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are notoriously chemoresistant tumors associated with poor outcomes. Gankyrin (Gank) is a known oncogene that is overexpressed in pediatric liver cancer and implicated in chemo-resistance. The goal of this study was to evaluate if the Gank-tumor suppressor axis is activated in chemoresistant hepatoblastoma patients and examine if an inhibitor of Gank, Cjoc42, might improve the chemosensitivity of cancer cells. Methods: Expression of Gank and its downstream targets were examined in fresh human HBL samples using immunostaining, QRT-PCR, and Western Blot. Cancer cells, Huh6 (human HBL) and Hepa1c1c7 (mouse HCC) were treated with Cjoc42 and with Cjoc42 in combination with cisplatin or doxorubicin. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and chemoresistance were examined. To examine activities of Cjoc42 in vivo, mice were treated with different doses of Cjoc42, and biological activities of Gank and cytotoxicity of Cjoc42 were tested. Results: Elevation of Gank and Gank-mediated elimination of TSPs are observed in patients with minimal necrosis after chemotherapy and relapsed disease. The treatment of Huh6 and Hepa1c1c7 with Cjoc42 was not cytotoxic; however, in combination with cisplatin or doxorubicin, Cjoc42 caused a significant increase in cytotoxicity compared to chemotherapy alone with increased apoptosis. Examination of Cjoc42 in WT mice showed that Cjoc42 is well tolerated without systemic toxicity, and levels of tumor suppressors CUGBP1, Rb, p53, C/EBPα, and HNF4α are increased by blocking their Gank-dependent degradation. Conclusions: Our work shows that Cjoc42 might be a promising adjunct to chemotherapy for the treatment of severe pediatric liver cancer and presents mechanisms by which Cjoc42 increases chemo-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M D'Souza
- Departments of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Ashley Cast
- Departments of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Meenasri Kumbaji
- Departments of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Maria Rivas
- Departments of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ruhi Gulati
- Departments of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael Johnston
- Departments of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - David Smithrud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - James Geller
- Departments of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nikolai Timchenko
- Departments of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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24
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Xu F, Tautenhahn HM, Dirsch O, Dahmen U. Modulation of Autophagy: A Novel "Rejuvenation" Strategy for the Aging Liver. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6611126. [PMID: 33628363 PMCID: PMC7889356 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6611126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural life process which leads to a gradual decline of essential physiological processes. For the liver, it leads to alterations in histomorphology (steatosis and fibrosis) and function (protein synthesis and energy generation) and affects central hepatocellular processes (autophagy, mitochondrial respiration, and hepatocyte proliferation). These alterations do not only impair the metabolic capacity of the liver but also represent important factors in the pathogenesis of malignant liver disease. Autophagy is a recycling process for eukaryotic cells to degrade dysfunctional intracellular components and to reuse the basic substances. It plays a crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis and in resisting environmental stress. Emerging evidence shows that modulating autophagy seems to be effective in improving the age-related alterations of the liver. However, autophagy is a double-edged sword for the aged liver. Upregulating autophagy alleviates hepatic steatosis and ROS-induced cellular stress and promotes hepatocyte proliferation but may aggravate hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, a well-balanced autophagy modulation strategy might be suitable to alleviate age-related liver dysfunction. Conclusion. Modulation of autophagy is a promising strategy for "rejuvenation" of the aged liver. Detailed knowledge regarding the most devastating processes in the individual patient is needed to effectively counteract aging of the liver without causing obvious harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Xu
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Tautenhahn
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH, Chemnitz 09111, Germany
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
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25
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Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Rodrigo-Torres D, Gadd VL, Forbes SJ. Cellular Senescence in Liver Disease and Regeneration. Semin Liver Dis 2021; 41:50-66. [PMID: 33764485 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest implemented by the cell as a result of stressful insults. Characterized by phenotypic alterations, including secretome changes and genomic instability, senescence is capable of exerting both detrimental and beneficial processes. Accumulating evidence has shown that cellular senescence plays a relevant role in the occurrence and development of liver disease, as a mechanism to contain damage and promote regeneration, but also characterizing the onset and correlating with the extent of damage. The evidence of senescent mechanisms acting on the cell populations of the liver will be described including the role of markers to detect cellular senescence. Overall, this review intends to summarize the role of senescence in liver homeostasis, injury, disease, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Rodrigo-Torres
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria L Gadd
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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26
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Parafati M, Bae SH, Kirby RJ, Fitzek M, Iyer P, Engkvist O, Smith DM, Malany S. Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes Phenotypic Screening Reveals Small Molecules Targeting the CDK2/4-C/EBPα/DGAT2 Pathway Preventing ER-Stress Induced Lipid Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249557. [PMID: 33334026 PMCID: PMC7765409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a large impact on global health. At the onset of disease, NAFLD is characterized by hepatic steatosis defined by the accumulation of triglycerides stored as lipid droplets. Developing therapeutics against NAFLD and progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains a high priority in the medical and scientific community. Drug discovery programs to identify potential therapeutic compounds have supported high throughput/high-content screening of in vitro human-relevant models of NAFLD to accelerate development of efficacious anti-steatotic medicines. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology is a powerful platform for disease modeling and therapeutic assessment for cell-based therapy and personalized medicine. In this study, we applied AstraZeneca’s chemogenomic library, hiPSC technology and multiplexed high content screening to identify compounds that significantly reduced intracellular neutral lipid content. Among 13,000 compounds screened, we identified hits that protect against hiPSC-derived hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced steatosis by a mechanism of action including inhibition of the cyclin D3-cyclin-dependent kinase 2-4 (CDK2-4)/CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPα)/diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) pathway, followed by alteration of the expression of downstream genes related to NAFLD. These findings demonstrate that our phenotypic platform provides a reliable approach in drug discovery, to identify novel drugs for treatment of fatty liver disease as well as to elucidate their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Parafati
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.P.); (S.H.B.)
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Sang Hyo Bae
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.P.); (S.H.B.)
| | - R. Jason Kirby
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Martina Fitzek
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK;
| | - Preeti Iyer
- Molecular AI, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; (P.I.); (O.E.)
| | - Ola Engkvist
- Molecular AI, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; (P.I.); (O.E.)
| | - David M. Smith
- Emerging Innovations Unit, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge SG8 6HB, UK;
| | - Siobhan Malany
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.P.); (S.H.B.)
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +352-273-6400
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27
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Perakakis N, Stefanakis K, Mantzoros CS. The role of omics in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2020; 111S:154320. [PMID: 32712221 PMCID: PMC7377759 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder, whose spectrum covers clinical, histological and pathophysiological developments ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis, potentially evolving into cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD, while there are no specific treatments. An ever-increasing number of high-throughput Omics investigations on the molecular pathobiology of NAFLD at the cellular, tissue and system levels produce comprehensive biochemical patient snapshots. In the clinical setting, these applications are considerably enhancing our efforts towards obtaining a holistic insight on NAFLD pathophysiology. Omics are also generating non-invasive diagnostic modalities for the distinct stages of NAFLD, that remain though to be validated in multiple, large, heterogenous and independent cohorts, both cross-sectionally as well as prospectively. Finally, they aid in developing novel therapies. By tracing the flow of information from genomics to epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics and glycomics, the chief contributions of these techniques in understanding, diagnosing and treating NAFLD are summarized herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Perakakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare system and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA..
| | - Konstantinos Stefanakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare system and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare system and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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28
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Williams M, Liu X, Zhang Y, Reske J, Bahal D, Gohl TG, Hollern D, Ensink E, Kiupel M, Luo R, Das R, Xiao H. NCOA5 deficiency promotes a unique liver protumorigenic microenvironment through p21 WAF1/CIP1 overexpression, which is reversed by metformin. Oncogene 2020; 39:3821-3836. [PMID: 32203160 PMCID: PMC7210077 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are presently limited, underscoring the necessity for further elucidating molecular mechanisms underlying HCC development and identifying new prevention and therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate a unique protumorigenic niche in the livers of Ncoa5+/- mouse model of HCC, which is characterized by altered expression of a subset of genes including p21WAF1/CIP1 and proinflammatory cytokine genes, increased putative hepatic progenitors, and expansions of activated and tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T lymphocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and alternatively activated M2 macrophages. Importantly, prophylactic metformin treatment reversed these characteristics including aberrant p21WAF1/CIP1 expression and subsequently reduced HCC incidence in Ncoa5+/- male mice. Heterozygous deletion of the p21WAF1/CIP1 gene alleviated the key features associated with the protumorigenic niche in the livers of Ncoa5+/- male mice. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis reveals that preneoplastic livers of Ncoa5+/- mice are similar to the livers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients as well as the adjacent noncancerous liver tissues of a subset of HCC patients with a relatively poor prognosis. Together, our results suggest that p21WAF1/CIP1 overexpression is essential in the development of protumorigenic microenvironment induced by NCOA5 deficiency and metformin prevents HCC development via alleviating p21WAF1/CIP1 overexpression and protumorigenic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Williams
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Cellular and Molecular biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China
- Integrated hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Cellular and Molecular biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Jake Reske
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Devika Bahal
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Trevor G Gohl
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Daniel Hollern
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Elliot Ensink
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48910, USA
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China
| | - Rupali Das
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.
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29
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Sasik MUT, Eravsar ETK, Kinali M, Ergul AA, Adams MM. Expression Levels of SMAD Specific E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 2 (Smurf2) and its Interacting Partners Show Region-specific Alterations During Brain Aging. Neuroscience 2020; 436:46-73. [PMID: 32278060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging occurs due to a combination of several factors, such as telomere attrition, cellular senescence, and stem cell exhaustion. The telomere attrition-dependent cellular senescence is regulated by increased levels of SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (smurf2). With age smurf2 expression increases and Smurf2 protein interacts with several regulatory proteins including, Smad7, Ep300, Yy1, Sirt1, Mdm2, and Tp53, likely affecting its function related to cellular aging. The current study aimed at analyzing smurf2 expression in the aged brain because of its potential regulatory roles in the cellular aging process. Zebrafish were used because like humans they age gradually and their genome has 70% similarity. In the current study, we demonstrated that smurf2 gene and protein expression levels altered in a region-specific manner during the aging process. Also, in both young and old brains, Smurf2 protein was enriched in the cytosol. These results imply that during aging Smurf2 is regulated by several mechanisms including post-translational modifications (PTMs) and complex formation. Also, the expression levels of its interacting partners defined by the STRING database, tp53, mdm2, ep300a, yy1a, smad7, and sirt1, were analyzed. Multivariate analysis indicated that smurf2, ep300a, and sirt1, whose proteins regulate ubiquitination, acetylation, and deacetylation of target proteins including Smad7 and Tp53, showed age- and brain region-dependent patterns. Our data suggest a likely balance between Smurf2- and Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination, and Ep300a-mediated acetylation/Sirt1-mediated deacetylation, which most possibly affects the functionality of other interacting partners in regulating cellular and synaptic aging and ultimately cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Umay Tuz- Sasik
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Tugce Karoglu- Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Meric Kinali
- Graduate School of Informatics, Department of Health Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayca Arslan- Ergul
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Zhang W, Qu J, Liu GH, Belmonte JCI. The ageing epigenome and its rejuvenation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:137-150. [PMID: 32020082 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is characterized by the functional decline of tissues and organs and the increased risk of ageing-associated disorders. Several 'rejuvenating' interventions have been proposed to delay ageing and the onset of age-associated decline and disease to extend healthspan and lifespan. These interventions include metabolic manipulation, partial reprogramming, heterochronic parabiosis, pharmaceutical administration and senescent cell ablation. As the ageing process is associated with altered epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation, such as DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodelling, and non-coding RNAs, the manipulation of these mechanisms is central to the effectiveness of age-delaying interventions. This Review discusses the epigenetic changes that occur during ageing and the rapidly increasing knowledge of how these epigenetic mechanisms have an effect on healthspan and lifespan extension, and outlines questions to guide future research on interventions to rejuvenate the epigenome and delay ageing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhang
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
The aging of the population, the increased prevalence of chronic liver diseases in elderly and the need to broaden the list of potential liver donors enjoin us to better understand what is an aged liver. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to cellular senescence, revisit the main morphological and functional modifications of the liver induced by aging, particularly concerning metabolism, immune response and regeneration, and try to elude some of the signalling pathways responsible for these modifications. Finally, we discuss the clinical consequences of aging on chronic liver diseases and the implications of older age for donors and recipients in liver transplantation.
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Papatheodoridi AM, Chrysavgis L, Koutsilieris M, Chatzigeorgiou A. The Role of Senescence in the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Progression to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2020; 71:363-374. [PMID: 31230380 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, cellular senescence has generated a lot of interest among researchers because of its involvement in both the normal aging process and common human diseases. During senescence, cells undergo alterations that include telomere shortening, nuclear area enlargement, and genomic and mitochondrial DNA damage, leading to irreversible cell cycle arrest, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Evidence suggests that the complex process of senescence is involved in the development of a plethora of chronic diseases including metabolic and inflammatory disorders and tumorigenesis. Recently, several human and animal studies have emphasized the involvement of senescence in the pathogenesis and development of liver steatosis including the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as characterized by the additional emergence of inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, and liver fibrosis. The development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to NASH are commonly accompanied by several pathophysiological events including metabolic dysregulation and inflammatory phenomena occurring within the liver that may contribute to or derive from cellular senescence, implying that the latter may be both a stimulus and a consequence of the disease. Conclusion: In this review, we summarize the current literature on the impact of cellular senescence in NAFLD/NASH and discuss the effectiveness and safety of novel senolytic drugs and therapeutic options available to delay or treat the disease. Finally, we identify the open questions and issues to be addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lampros Chrysavgis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Cast A, Kumbaji M, D'Souza A, Rodriguez K, Gupta A, Karns R, Timchenko L, Timchenko N. Liver Proliferation Is an Essential Driver of Fibrosis in Mouse Models of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:1036-1049. [PMID: 31388625 PMCID: PMC6671863 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves development of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and steatohepatitis. Because hepatic steatosis appears first in NAFLD animal models, the current therapy development focuses on inhibition of hepatic steatosis, suggesting that further steps of NAFLD will be also inhibited. In this report, we show that the first event of NAFLD is liver proliferation, which drives fibrosis in NAFLD. We have deleted a strong driver of liver proliferation, gankyrin (Gank), and examined development of NAFLD in this animal model under conditions of a high‐fat diet (HFD). We found that proliferating livers of wild‐type mice develop fibrosis; however, livers of Gank liver‐specific knockout (GLKO) mice with reduced proliferation show no fibrosis. Interestingly, an HFD causes the development of strong macrovesicular steatosis in GLKO mice and is surprisingly associated with improvements in animal health. We observed that key regulators of liver biology CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), p53, and CUG repeat binding protein 1 (CUGBP1) are elevated due to the deletion of Gank and that these proteins support liver functions leading to healthy conditions in GLKO mice under an HFD. To examine the role of one of these proteins in the protection of liver from fibrosis, we used CUGBP1‐S302A knockin mice, which have a reduction of CUGBP1 due to increased degradation of this mutant by Gank. These studies show that reduction of CUGBP1 inhibits steatosis and facilitates liver proliferation, leading to fibrosis and the development of liver tumors. Conclusion: Liver proliferation drives fibrosis, while steatosis might play a protective role. Therapy for NAFLD should include inhibition of proliferation rather than inhibition of steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Cast
- Department of Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Meenasri Kumbaji
- Department of Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Amber D'Souza
- Department of Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Katherine Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Anita Gupta
- Department of Pathology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Lubov Timchenko
- Department of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
| | - Nikolai Timchenko
- Department of Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH
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Postmus AC, Sturmlechner I, Jonker JW, van Deursen JM, van de Sluis B, Kruit JK. Senescent cells in the development of cardiometabolic disease. Curr Opin Lipidol 2019; 30:177-185. [PMID: 30913069 PMCID: PMC6530963 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Senescent cells have recently been identified as key players in the development of metabolic dysfunction. In this review, we will highlight recent developments in this field and discuss the concept of targeting these cells to prevent or treat cardiometabolic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence is accumulating that cellular senescence contributes to adipose tissue dysfunction, presumably through induction of low-grade inflammation and inhibition of adipogenic differentiation leading to insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. Senescent cells modulate their surroundings through their bioactive secretome and only a relatively small number of senescent cells is sufficient to cause persistent physical dysfunction even in young mice. Proof-of-principle studies showed that selective elimination of senescent cells can prevent or delay the development of cardiometabolic diseases in mice. SUMMARY The metabolic consequences of senescent cell accumulation in various tissues are now unravelling and point to new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Postmus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ines Sturmlechner
- Departments of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Johan W. Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M. van Deursen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janine K. Kruit
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Rodriguez K, Cast A, Timchenko NA. Correction of aging phenotype in the liver. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:1795-1796. [PMID: 30103212 PMCID: PMC6128412 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ashley Cast
- Department of Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nikolai A Timchenko
- Department of Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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