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Fogarty MJ. Dendritic morphology of motor neurons and interneurons within the compact, semicompact, and loose formations of the rat nucleus ambiguus. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1409974. [PMID: 38933178 PMCID: PMC11199410 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1409974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Motor neurons (MNs) within the nucleus ambiguus innervate the skeletal muscles of the larynx, pharynx, and oesophagus. These muscles are activated during vocalisation and swallowing and must be coordinated with several respiratory and other behaviours. Despite many studies evaluating the projections and orientation of MNs within the nucleus ambiguus, there is no quantitative information regarding the dendritic arbours of MNs residing in the compact, and semicompact/loose formations of the nucleus ambiguus.. Methods In female and male Fischer 344 rats, we evaluated MN number using Nissl staining, and MN and non-MN dendritic morphology using Golgi-Cox impregnation Brightfield imaging of transverse Nissl sections (15 μm) were taken to stereologically assess the number of nucleus ambiguus MNs within the compact and semicompact/loose formations. Pseudo-confocal imaging of Golgi-impregnated neurons within the nucleus ambiguus (sectioned transversely at 180 μm) was traced in 3D to determine dendritic arbourisation. Results We found a greater abundance of MNs within the compact than the semicompact/loose formations. Dendritic lengths, complexity, and convex hull surface areas were greatest in MNs of the semicompact/loose formation, with compact formation MNs being smaller. MNs from both regions were larger than non-MNs reconstructed within the nucleus ambiguus. Conclusion Adding HBLS to the diet could be a potentially effective strategy to improve horses' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Fogarty
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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2
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Zhou C, Satpute V, Yip KL, Anderson LL, Hawkins N, Kearney J, Arnold JC. A high seizure burden increases several prostaglandin species in the hippocampus of a Scn1a +/- mouse model of Dravet syndrome. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 172:106836. [PMID: 38599513 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Dravet syndrome is an intractable epilepsy with a high seizure burden that is resistant to current anti-seizure medications. There is evidence that neuroinflammation plays a role in epilepsy and seizures, however few studies have specifically examined neuroinflammation in Dravet syndrome under conditions of a higher seizure burden. Here we used an established genetic mouse model of Dravet syndrome (Scn1a+/- mice), to examine whether a higher seizure burden impacts the number and morphology of microglia in the hippocampus. Moreover, we examined whether a high seizure burden influences classical inflammatory mediators in this brain region. Scn1a+/- mice with a high seizure burden induced by thermal priming displayed a localised reduction in microglial cell density in the granule cell layer and subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, regions important to postnatal neurogenesis. However, microglial cell number and morphology remained unchanged in other hippocampal subfields. The high seizure burden in Scn1a+/- mice did not affect hippocampal mRNA expression of classical inflammatory mediators such as interleukin 1β and tumour necrosis factor α, but increased cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression. We then quantified hippocampal levels of prostanoids that arise from COX-2 mediated metabolism of fatty acids and found that Scn1a+/- mice with a high seizure burden displayed increased hippocampal concentrations of numerous prostaglandins, notably PGF2α, PGE2, PGD2, and 6-K-PGF1A, compared to Scn1a+/- mice with a low seizure burden. In conclusion, a high seizure burden increased hippocampal concentrations of various prostaglandin mediators in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. Future studies could interrogate the prostaglandin pathways to further better understand their role in the pathophysiology of Dravet syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cilla Zhou
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL 60611, USA
| | - Vaishali Satpute
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ka Lai Yip
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Lyndsey L Anderson
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nicole Hawkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer Kearney
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jonathon C Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
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3
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Caznok Silveira AC, Antunes ASLM, Athié MCP, da Silva BF, Ribeiro dos Santos JV, Canateli C, Fontoura MA, Pinto A, Pimentel-Silva LR, Avansini SH, de Carvalho M. Between neurons and networks: investigating mesoscale brain connectivity in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1340345. [PMID: 38445254 PMCID: PMC10912403 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1340345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of brain connectivity has been a cornerstone in understanding the complexities of neurological and psychiatric disorders. It has provided invaluable insights into the functional architecture of the brain and how it is perturbed in disorders. However, a persistent challenge has been achieving the proper spatial resolution, and developing computational algorithms to address biological questions at the multi-cellular level, a scale often referred to as the mesoscale. Historically, neuroimaging studies of brain connectivity have predominantly focused on the macroscale, providing insights into inter-regional brain connections but often falling short of resolving the intricacies of neural circuitry at the cellular or mesoscale level. This limitation has hindered our ability to fully comprehend the underlying mechanisms of neurological and psychiatric disorders and to develop targeted interventions. In light of this issue, our review manuscript seeks to bridge this critical gap by delving into the domain of mesoscale neuroimaging. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of conditions affected by aberrant neural connections, image acquisition techniques, feature extraction, and data analysis methods that are specifically tailored to the mesoscale. We further delineate the potential of brain connectivity research to elucidate complex biological questions, with a particular focus on schizophrenia and epilepsy. This review encompasses topics such as dendritic spine quantification, single neuron morphology, and brain region connectivity. We aim to showcase the applicability and significance of mesoscale neuroimaging techniques in the field of neuroscience, highlighting their potential for gaining insights into the complexities of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Caznok Silveira
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Carolina Pedro Athié
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Filomena da Silva
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Canateli
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marina Alves Fontoura
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Allan Pinto
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Simoni Helena Avansini
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Murilo de Carvalho
- National Laboratory of Biosciences, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
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4
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Groden M, Moessinger HM, Schaffran B, DeFelipe J, Benavides-Piccione R, Cuntz H, Jedlicka P. A biologically inspired repair mechanism for neuronal reconstructions with a focus on human dendrites. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011267. [PMID: 38394339 PMCID: PMC10917450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating and modelling the functionality of human neurons remains challenging due to the technical limitations, resulting in scarce and incomplete 3D anatomical reconstructions. Here we used a morphological modelling approach based on optimal wiring to repair the parts of a dendritic morphology that were lost due to incomplete tissue samples. In Drosophila, where dendritic regrowth has been studied experimentally using laser ablation, we found that modelling the regrowth reproduced a bimodal distribution between regeneration of cut branches and invasion by neighbouring branches. Interestingly, our repair model followed growth rules similar to those for the generation of a new dendritic tree. To generalise the repair algorithm from Drosophila to mammalian neurons, we artificially sectioned reconstructed dendrites from mouse and human hippocampal pyramidal cell morphologies, and showed that the regrown dendrites were morphologically similar to the original ones. Furthermore, we were able to restore their electrophysiological functionality, as evidenced by the recovery of their firing behaviour. Importantly, we show that such repairs also apply to other neuron types including hippocampal granule cells and cerebellar Purkinje cells. We then extrapolated the repair to incomplete human CA1 pyramidal neurons, where the anatomical boundaries of the particular brain areas innervated by the neurons in question were known. Interestingly, the repair of incomplete human dendrites helped to simulate the recently observed increased synaptic thresholds for dendritic NMDA spikes in human versus mouse dendrites. To make the repair tool available to the neuroscience community, we have developed an intuitive and simple graphical user interface (GUI), which is available in the TREES toolbox (www.treestoolbox.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Groden
- 3R Computer-Based Modelling, Faculty of Medicine, ICAR3R, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hannah M. Moessinger
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in cooperation with the Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Barbara Schaffran
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in cooperation with the Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Benavides-Piccione
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hermann Cuntz
- 3R Computer-Based Modelling, Faculty of Medicine, ICAR3R, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in cooperation with the Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- 3R Computer-Based Modelling, Faculty of Medicine, ICAR3R, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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5
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Popovic N, Ždralević M, Vujosevic S, Radunović M, Adžić Zečević A, Rovčanin Dragović I, Vukčević B, Popovic T, Radulović L, Vuković T, Eraković J, Lazović R, Radunović M. Retinal microvascular complexity as a putative biomarker of biological age: a pilot study. Biogerontology 2023; 24:971-985. [PMID: 37572202 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Physiological changes associated with aging increase the risk for the development of age-related diseases. This increase is non-specific to the type of age-related disease, although each disease develops through a unique pathophysiologic mechanism. People who age at a faster rate develop age-related diseases earlier in their life. They have an older "biological age" compared to their "chronological age". Early detection of individuals with accelerated aging would allow timely intervention to postpone the onset of age-related diseases. This would increase their life expectancy and their length of good quality life. The goal of this study was to investigate whether retinal microvascular complexity could be used as a biomarker of biological age. Retinal images of 68 participants ages ranging from 19 to 82 years were collected in an observational cross-sectional study. Twenty of the old participants had age-related diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and/or Alzheimer's dementia. The rest of the participants were healthy. Retinal images were captured by a hand-held, non-mydriatic fundus camera and quantification of the microvascular complexity was performed by using Sholl's, box-counting fractal, and lacunarity analysis. In the healthy subjects, increasing chronological age was associated with lower retinal microvascular complexity measured by Sholl's analysis. Decreased box-counting fractal dimension was present in old patients, and this decrease was 2.1 times faster in participants who had age-related diseases (p = 0.047). Retinal microvascular complexity could be a promising new biomarker of biological age. The data from this study is the first of this kind collected in Montenegro. It is freely available for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Popovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.
| | - Maša Ždralević
- Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Stela Vujosevic
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Eye Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Antoaneta Adžić Zečević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | | | | | - Tomo Popovic
- Faculty for Information Systems and Technologies, University of Donja Gorica, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Ljiljana Radulović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | | | | | - Ranko Lazović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Miodrag Radunović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
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6
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Ni H, Guo Z, Wu Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Zhu Z, Wang D. The crucial role that hippocampus Cyclooxygenase-2 plays in memory. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:4123-4136. [PMID: 37867375 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is activated to cause inflammation. However, COX-2 is also constitutively expressed at the postsynaptic dendrites and excitatory terminals of the cortical and spinal cord neurons. Although some evidence suggests that COX-2 release during neuronal signalling may be pivotal for regulating the function of memory, the significance of constitutively expressed COX-2 in neuron is still unclear. This research aims to discover the role of COX-2 in memory beyond neuroinflammation and to determine whether the inhibition of COX-2 can cause cognitive dysfunction by influencing dendritic plasticity and its underlying mechanism. We found COX-2 gene knockout (KO) could significantly impact the learning and memory ability, cause neuronal structure disorder and influence gamma oscillations. These might be mediated by the inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) E2/cAMP pathway and phosphorylated protein kinase A (p-PKA)-phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB)-brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) axis. It suggested COX-2 might play a critical role in learning, regulating neuronal structure and gamma oscillations in the hippocampus CA1 by regulating COX-2/BDNF signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ni
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzhao Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilu Zhu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deheng Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Li W, Pang Y, Wang Y, Mei F, Guo M, Wei Y, Li X, Qin W, Wang W, Jia L, Jia J. Aberrant palmitoylation caused by a ZDHHC21 mutation contributes to pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. BMC Med 2023; 21:223. [PMID: 37365538 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of pathogenic mutations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) causal genes led to a better understanding of the pathobiology of AD. Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is known to be associated with mutations in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes involved in Aβ production; however, these genetic defects occur in only about 10-20% of FAD cases, and more genes and new mechanism causing FAD remain largely obscure. METHODS We performed exome sequencing on family members with a FAD pedigree and identified gene variant ZDHHC21 p.T209S. A ZDHHC21T209S/T209S knock-in mouse model was then generated using CRISPR/Cas9. The Morris water navigation task was then used to examine spatial learning and memory. The involvement of aberrant palmitoylation of FYN tyrosine kinase and APP in AD pathology was evaluated using biochemical methods and immunostaining. Aβ and tau pathophysiology was evaluated using ELISA, biochemical methods, and immunostaining. Field recordings of synaptic long-term potentiation were obtained to examine synaptic plasticity. The density of synapses and dendritic branches was quantified using electron microscopy and Golgi staining. RESULTS We identified a variant (c.999A > T, p.T209S) of ZDHHC21 gene in a Han Chinese family. The proband presented marked cognitive impairment at 55 years of age (Mini-Mental State Examination score = 5, Clinical Dementia Rating = 3). Considerable Aβ retention was observed in the bilateral frontal, parietal, and lateral temporal cortices. The novel heterozygous missense mutation (p.T209S) was detected in all family members with AD and was not present in those unaffected, indicating cosegregation. ZDHHC21T209S/T209S mice exhibited cognitive impairment and synaptic dysfunction, suggesting the strong pathogenicity of the mutation. The ZDHHC21 p.T209S mutation significantly enhanced FYN palmitoylation, causing overactivation of NMDAR2B, inducing increased neuronal sensitivity to excitotoxicity leading to further synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss. The palmitoylation of APP was also increased in ZDHHC21T209S/T209S mice, possibly contributing to Aβ production. Palmitoyltransferase inhibitors reversed synaptic function impairment. CONCLUSIONS ZDHHC21 p.T209S is a novel, candidate causal gene mutation in a Chinese FAD pedigree. Our discoveries strongly suggest that aberrant protein palmitoylation mediated by ZDHHC21 mutations is a new pathogenic mechanism of AD, warranting further investigations for the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yana Pang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Mei
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, China.
- Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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8
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Manubens-Gil L, Zhou Z, Chen H, Ramanathan A, Liu X, Liu Y, Bria A, Gillette T, Ruan Z, Yang J, Radojević M, Zhao T, Cheng L, Qu L, Liu S, Bouchard KE, Gu L, Cai W, Ji S, Roysam B, Wang CW, Yu H, Sironi A, Iascone DM, Zhou J, Bas E, Conde-Sousa E, Aguiar P, Li X, Li Y, Nanda S, Wang Y, Muresan L, Fua P, Ye B, He HY, Staiger JF, Peter M, Cox DN, Simonneau M, Oberlaender M, Jefferis G, Ito K, Gonzalez-Bellido P, Kim J, Rubel E, Cline HT, Zeng H, Nern A, Chiang AS, Yao J, Roskams J, Livesey R, Stevens J, Liu T, Dang C, Guo Y, Zhong N, Tourassi G, Hill S, Hawrylycz M, Koch C, Meijering E, Ascoli GA, Peng H. BigNeuron: a resource to benchmark and predict performance of algorithms for automated tracing of neurons in light microscopy datasets. Nat Methods 2023; 20:824-835. [PMID: 37069271 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
BigNeuron is an open community bench-testing platform with the goal of setting open standards for accurate and fast automatic neuron tracing. We gathered a diverse set of image volumes across several species that is representative of the data obtained in many neuroscience laboratories interested in neuron tracing. Here, we report generated gold standard manual annotations for a subset of the available imaging datasets and quantified tracing quality for 35 automatic tracing algorithms. The goal of generating such a hand-curated diverse dataset is to advance the development of tracing algorithms and enable generalizable benchmarking. Together with image quality features, we pooled the data in an interactive web application that enables users and developers to perform principal component analysis, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, correlation and clustering, visualization of imaging and tracing data, and benchmarking of automatic tracing algorithms in user-defined data subsets. The image quality metrics explain most of the variance in the data, followed by neuromorphological features related to neuron size. We observed that diverse algorithms can provide complementary information to obtain accurate results and developed a method to iteratively combine methods and generate consensus reconstructions. The consensus trees obtained provide estimates of the neuron structure ground truth that typically outperform single algorithms in noisy datasets. However, specific algorithms may outperform the consensus tree strategy in specific imaging conditions. Finally, to aid users in predicting the most accurate automatic tracing results without manual annotations for comparison, we used support vector machine regression to predict reconstruction quality given an image volume and a set of automatic tracings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Manubens-Gil
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA
| | | | - Arvind Ramanathan
- Computing, Environment and Life Sciences Directorate, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | | | - Yufeng Liu
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Todd Gillette
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Zongcai Ruan
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ting Zhao
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lei Qu
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computation and Signal Processing, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Kristofer E Bouchard
- Scientific Data Division and Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lin Gu
- RIKEN AIP, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Weidong Cai
- School of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shuiwang Ji
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Badrinath Roysam
- Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ching-Wei Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hongchuan Yu
- National Centre for Computer Animation, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | | | - Daniel Maxim Iascone
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | | | - Eduardo Conde-Sousa
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Aguiar
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Xiang Li
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yujie Li
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sumit Nanda
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Leila Muresan
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pascal Fua
- Computer Vision Laboratory, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bing Ye
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hai-Yan He
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jochen F Staiger
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August- University Göttingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Peter
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel N Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michel Simonneau
- 42 ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marcel Oberlaender
- Max Planck Group: In Silico Brain Sciences, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior - caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregory Jefferis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kei Ito
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jinhyun Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Edwin Rubel
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aljoscha Nern
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Ann-Shyn Chiang
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Jane Roskams
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Zoology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rick Livesey
- Zayed Centre for Rare Disease Research, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Janine Stevens
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chinh Dang
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yike Guo
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ning Zhong
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing, China
- Department of Life Science and Informatics, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | - Sean Hill
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Erik Meijering
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Giorgio A Ascoli
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Hanchuan Peng
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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9
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Munni YA, Dash R, Mitra S, Dash N, Shima M, Moon IS. Mechanistic study of Coriandrum sativum on neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis based on computationally guided in vitro analyses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116165. [PMID: 36641106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acceleration of neurite outgrowth and halting neurodegeneration are the most critical factors that are negatively regulated in various neurodegenerative diseases or injuries in the central nervous system (CNS). Functional foods or nutrients are considered alternative sources of bioactive components to alleviate various CNS injuries by promoting neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis, while their exact molecular mechanism remains unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY Coriandrum sativum L. (CS) is one of the popular herbs in the Apiaceae family, of which CNS modulating action is a well-documented traditionally but detailed study on memory boosting function yet remains unexplored. Consequently, this study aims to analyze the neurogenic and synaptogenic modulation of CS aqueous ethanol (CSAE) extract in the primary hippocampal neurons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured and allowed to incubate with CSAE or vehicle. To observe the early neuronal differentiation, axonal and dendritic arborization, and synapse formation, neurons were immune-stained against indicated antibodies or stained directly with a lipophilic dye (1, 1'-dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3', 3'-tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate, DiL). Meanwhile, western blot was used to validate the synaptogenesis effect of CSAE compared to vehicle. Additionally, molecular docking and system pharmacology approaches were applied to confirm the possible secondary metabolites and pathways by which CSAE promotes neuritogenesis. RESULTS Results show that CSAE can induce neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis at 30 μg/mL concentration. The treatment impacts early neuronal polarization, axonal and dendritic arborization, synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity via NMDARs expressions in primary neurons. In silico network pharmacology of CS metabolites show that the CSAE-mediated neurogenic effect is likely dependent on the NTRK2 (TrkB) mediated neurotrophin signaling pathway. Indeed, the observed neurogenic activity of CSAE is markedly reduced upon the co-treatment with a TrkB-specific inhibitor. Furthermore, molecular docking following binding energy calculation shows that one of the CS metabolites, scoparone, has a high affinity to bind in the BDNF mimetic binding site of TrkB, suggesting its role in TrkB activation. Scoparone was found to enhance neuritogenesis, but not to the same extent as CSAE. Moreover, the expression of TrkB signaling-related proteins (BCL2, CASP3, GSK3, and BDNF), which was found to be modulated by scoparone, was significantly affected by the co-treatment of TrkB inhibitor (ANA-12). These results further suggest that the modulation of neuritogenesis by scoparone is TrkB-dependent. CONCLUSIONS This study provides deeper insights into the molecular mechanism of CS in boosting neuronal growth and memory function, which might implicate the prevention of many neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeasmin Akter Munni
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea; Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayan Dash
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Mutakabrun Shima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Molecular Pharmacology, East West University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Kutsarova E, Schohl A, Munz M, Wang A, Zhang YY, Bilash OM, Ruthazer ES. BDNF signaling in correlation-dependent structural plasticity in the developing visual system. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002070. [PMID: 37011100 PMCID: PMC10101647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, patterned neural activity instructs topographic map refinement. Axons with similar patterns of neural activity converge onto target neurons and stabilize their synapses with these postsynaptic partners, restricting exploratory branch elaboration (Hebbian structural plasticity). On the other hand, non-correlated firing in inputs leads to synapse weakening and increased exploratory growth of axons (Stentian structural plasticity). We used visual stimulation to control the correlation structure of neural activity in a few ipsilaterally projecting (ipsi) retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons with respect to the majority contralateral eye inputs in the optic tectum of albino Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Multiphoton live imaging of ipsi axons, combined with specific targeted disruptions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, revealed that both presynaptic p75NTR and TrkB are required for Stentian axonal branch addition, whereas presumptive postsynaptic BDNF signaling is necessary for Hebbian axon stabilization. Additionally, we found that BDNF signaling mediates local suppression of branch elimination in response to correlated firing of inputs. Daily in vivo imaging of contralateral RGC axons demonstrated that p75NTR knockdown reduces axon branch elongation and arbor spanning field volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kutsarova
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anne Schohl
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Martin Munz
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Wang
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yuan Yuan Zhang
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Olesia M Bilash
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Edward S Ruthazer
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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11
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Bortolami A, Yu W, Forzisi E, Ercan K, Kadakia R, Murugan M, Fedele D, Estevez I, Boison D, Rasin MR, Sesti F. Integrin-KCNB1 potassium channel complexes regulate neocortical neuronal development and are implicated in epilepsy. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:687-701. [PMID: 36207442 PMCID: PMC9984485 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K+) channels are robustly expressed during prenatal brain development, including in progenitor cells and migrating neurons, but their function is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of voltage-gated K+ channel KCNB1 (Kv2.1) in neocortical development. Neuronal migration of glutamatergic neurons was impaired in the neocortices of KCNB1 null mice. Migratory defects persisted into the adult brains, along with disrupted morphology and synaptic connectivity. Mice developed seizure phenotype, anxiety, and compulsive behavior. To determine whether defective KCNB1 can give rise to developmental channelopathy, we constructed Knock In (KI) mice, harboring the gene variant Kcnb1R312H (R312H mice) found in children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). The R312H mice exhibited a similar phenotype to the null mice. Wild type (WT) and R312H KCNB1 channels made complexes with integrins α5β5 (Integrin_K+ channel_Complexes, IKCs), whose biochemical signaling was impaired in R312H brains. Treatment with Angiotensin II in vitro, an agonist of Focal Adhesion kinase, a key component of IKC signaling machinery, corrected the neuronal abnormalities. Thus, a genetic mutation in a K+ channel induces severe neuromorphological abnormalities through non-conducting mechanisms, that can be rescued by pharmacological intervention. This underscores a previously unknown role of IKCs as key players in neuronal development, and implicate developmental channelopathies in the etiology of DEEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bortolami
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Elena Forzisi
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Koray Ercan
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ritik Kadakia
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Madhuvika Murugan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Denise Fedele
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Irving Estevez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Detlev Boison
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Mladen-Roko Rasin
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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12
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Luderman LN, Michaels MT, Levic DS, Knapik EW. Zebrafish Erc1b mediates motor innervation and organization of craniofacial muscles in control of jaw movement. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:104-123. [PMID: 35708710 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Movement of the lower jaw, a common behavior observed among vertebrates, is required for eating and processing food. This movement is controlled by signals sent from the trigeminal motor nerve through neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) to the masticatory muscles. Dysfunctional jaw movements contribute to craniomandibular disorders, yet the pathophysiology of these disorders is not well understood, as limited studies have been conducted on the molecular mechanisms of jaw movement. RESULTS Using erc1b/kimm533 genetic loss of function mutant, we evaluated lower jaw muscle organization and innervation by the cranial motor nerves in developing zebrafish. Using time-lapse confocal imaging of the erc1b mutant in a transgenic fluorescent reporter line, we found delayed trigeminal nerve growth and disrupted nerve branching architecture during muscle innervation. By automated 3D image analysis of NMJ distribution, we identified an increased number of small, disorganized NMJ clusters in erc1b mutant larvae compared to WT siblings. Using genetic replacement experiments, we determined the Rab GTPase binding domain of Erc1b is required for cranial motor nerve branching, but not NMJ organization or muscle attachment. CONCLUSIONS We identified Erc1b/ERC1 as a novel component of a genetic pathway contributing to muscle organization, trigeminal nerve outgrowth, and NMJ spatial distribution during development that is required for jaw movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn N Luderman
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mackenzie T Michaels
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel S Levic
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ela W Knapik
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Tang CX, Chen J, Shao KQ, Liu YH, Zhou XY, Ma CC, Liu MT, Shi MY, Kambey PA, Wang W, Ayanlaja AA, Liu YF, Xu W, Chen G, Wu J, Li X, Gao DS. Blunt dopamine transmission due to decreased GDNF in the PFC evokes cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1107-1117. [PMID: 36255000 PMCID: PMC9827775 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have found that the absence of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor may be the primary risk factor for Parkinson's disease. However, there have not been any studies conducted on the potential relationship between glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease. We first performed a retrospective case-control study at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between September 2018 and January 2020 and found that a decreased serum level of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor was a risk factor for cognitive disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease. We then established a mouse model of Parkinson's disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and analyzed the potential relationships among glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex, dopamine transmission, and cognitive function. Our results showed that decreased glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex weakened dopamine release and transmission by upregulating the presynaptic membrane expression of the dopamine transporter, which led to the loss and primitivization of dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons and cognitive impairment. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging data showed that the long-term lack of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reduced the connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions, and exogenous glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor significantly improved this connectivity. These findings suggested that decreased glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the prefrontal cortex leads to neuroplastic degeneration at the level of synaptic connections and circuits, which results in cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Xi Tang
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Experinental Teaching Center of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai-Quan Shao
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ye-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Ting Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Yu Shi
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Abiola Abdulrahman Ayanlaja
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Fang Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Nursing Care, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dian-Shuai Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Correspondence to: Dian-Shuai Gao, .
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14
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Baldassari S, Cervetto C, Amato S, Fruscione F, Balagura G, Pelassa S, Musante I, Iacomino M, Traverso M, Corradi A, Scudieri P, Maura G, Marcoli M, Zara F. Vesicular Glutamate Release from Feeder-FreehiPSC-Derived Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810545. [PMID: 36142455 PMCID: PMC9501332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent one of the main and powerful tools for the in vitro modeling of neurological diseases. Standard hiPSC-based protocols make use of animal-derived feeder systems to better support the neuronal differentiation process. Despite their efficiency, such protocols may not be appropriate to dissect neuronal specific properties or to avoid interspecies contaminations, hindering their future translation into clinical and drug discovery approaches. In this work, we focused on the optimization of a reproducible protocol in feeder-free conditions able to generate functional glutamatergic neurons. This protocol is based on a generation of neuroprecursor cells differentiated into human neurons with the administration in the culture medium of specific neurotrophins in a Geltrex-coated substrate. We confirmed the efficiency of this protocol through molecular analysis (upregulation of neuronal markers and neurotransmitter receptors assessed by gene expression profiling and expression of the neuronal markers at the protein level), morphological analysis, and immunfluorescence detection of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic markers at synaptic boutons. The hiPSC-derived neurons acquired Ca2+-dependent glutamate release properties as a hallmark of neuronal maturation. In conclusion, our study describes a new methodological approach to achieve feeder-free neuronal differentiation from hiPSC and adds a new tool for functional characterization of hiPSC-derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Baldassari
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Sarah Amato
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Floriana Fruscione
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Ganna Balagura
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Pelassa
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Musante
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Traverso
- Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Corradi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Federico Zara
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
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15
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Rowland C, Harland B, Smith JH, Moslehi S, Dalrymple-Alford J, Taylor RP. Investigating Fractal Analysis as a Diagnostic Tool That Probes the Connectivity of Hippocampal Neurons. Front Physiol 2022; 13:932598. [PMID: 35812343 PMCID: PMC9260144 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.932598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of nature’s fractal objects benefit from the favorable functionality that results from their pattern repetition at multiple scales. Our recent research focused on the importance of fractal scaling in establishing connectivity between neurons. Fractal dimension DA of the neuron arbors was shown to relate to the optimization of competing functional constraints—the ability of dendrites to connect to other neurons versus the costs associated with building the dendrites. Here, we consider whether pathological states of neurons might affect this fractal optimization and if changes in DA might therefore be used as a diagnostic tool in parallel with traditional measures like Sholl analyses. We use confocal microscopy to obtain images of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the coronal plane of the dorsal rat hippocampus and construct 3-dimensional models of the dendritic arbors using Neurolucida software. We examine six rodent groups which vary in brain condition (whether they had lesions in the anterior thalamic nuclei, ATN) and experience (their housing environment and experience in a spatial task). Previously, we showed ATN lesions reduced spine density in hippocampal CA1 neurons, whereas enriched housing increased spine density in both ATN lesion and sham rats. Here, we investigate whether ATN lesions and experience also effect the complexity and connectivity of CA1 dendritic arbors. We show that sham rats exposed to enriched housing and spatial memory training exhibited higher complexity (as measured by DA) and connectivity compared to other groups. When we categorize the rodent groups into those with or without lesions, we find that both categories achieve an optimal balance of connectivity with respect to material cost. However, the DA value used to achieve this optimization does not change between these two categories, suggesting any morphological differences induced by the lesions are too small to influence the optimization process. Accordingly, we highlight considerations associated with applying our technique to publicly accessible repositories of neuron images with a broader range of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Rowland
- Physics Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Bruce Harland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julian H. Smith
- Physics Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Saba Moslehi
- Physics Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - John Dalrymple-Alford
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard P. Taylor
- Physics Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Richard P. Taylor,
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16
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Khalil R, Kallel S, Farhat A, Dlotko P. Topological Sholl descriptors for neuronal clustering and classification. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010229. [PMID: 35731804 PMCID: PMC9255741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal morphology is a fundamental factor influencing information processing within neurons and networks. Dendritic morphology in particular can widely vary among cell classes, brain regions, and animal species. Thus, accurate quantitative descriptions allowing classification of large sets of neurons is essential for their structural and functional characterization. Current robust and unbiased computational methods that characterize groups of neurons are scarce. In this work, we introduce a novel technique to study dendritic morphology, complementing and advancing many of the existing techniques. Our approach is to conceptualize the notion of a Sholl descriptor and associate, for each morphological feature, and to each neuron, a function of the radial distance from the soma, taking values in a metric space. Functional distances give rise to pseudo-metrics on sets of neurons which are then used to perform the two distinct tasks of clustering and classification. To illustrate the use of Sholl descriptors, four datasets were retrieved from the large public repository https://neuromorpho.org/ comprising neuronal reconstructions from different species and brain regions. Sholl descriptors were subsequently computed, and standard clustering methods enhanced with detection and metric learning algorithms were then used to objectively cluster and classify each dataset. Importantly, our descriptors outperformed conventional morphometric techniques (L-Measure metrics) in several of the tested datasets. Therefore, we offer a novel and effective approach to the analysis of diverse neuronal cell types, and provide a toolkit for researchers to cluster and classify neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Khalil
- American University of Sharjah, Department of Biology Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- * E-mail:
| | - Sadok Kallel
- American University of Sharjah, Department of Mathematics, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Farhat
- Dioscuri Centre in Topological Data Analysis, Mathematical Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Dlotko
- Dioscuri Centre in Topological Data Analysis, Mathematical Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Holden JM, Al Hussein Al Awamlh S, Croteau LP, Boal AM, Rex TS, Risner ML, Calkins DJ, Wareham LK. Dysfunctional cGMP Signaling Leads to Age-Related Retinal Vascular Alterations and Astrocyte Remodeling in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063066. [PMID: 35328488 PMCID: PMC8954518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitric oxide-guanylyl cyclase-1-cyclic guanylate monophosphate (NO-GC-1-cGMP) pathway is integral to the control of vascular tone and morphology. Mice lacking the alpha catalytic domain of guanylate cyclase (GC1-/-) develop retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration with age, with only modest fluctuations in intraocular pressure (IOP). Increasing the bioavailability of cGMP in GC1-/- mice prevents neurodegeneration independently of IOP, suggesting alternative mechanisms of retinal neurodegeneration. In continuation to these studies, we explored the hypothesis that dysfunctional cGMP signaling leads to changes in the neurovascular unit that may contribute to RGC degeneration. We assessed retinal vasculature and astrocyte morphology in young and aged GC1-/- and wild type mice. GC1-/- mice exhibit increased peripheral retinal vessel dilation and shorter retinal vessel branching with increasing age compared to Wt mice. Astrocyte cell morphology is aberrant, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) density is increased in young and aged GC1-/- mice, with areas of dense astrocyte matting around blood vessels. Our results suggest that proper cGMP signaling is essential to retinal vessel morphology with increasing age. Vascular changed are preceded by alterations in astrocyte morphology which may together contribute to retinal neurodegeneration and loss of visual acuity observed in GC1-/- mice.
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18
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Kugler EC, Frost J, Silva V, Plant K, Chhabria K, Chico TJA, Armitage PA. Zebrafish vascular quantification: a tool for quantification of three-dimensional zebrafish cerebrovascular architecture by automated image analysis. Development 2022; 149:273928. [PMID: 35005771 PMCID: PMC8918806 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish transgenic lines and light sheet fluorescence microscopy allow in-depth insights into three-dimensional vascular development in vivo. However, quantification of the zebrafish cerebral vasculature in 3D remains highly challenging. Here, we describe and test an image analysis workflow for 3D quantification of the total or regional zebrafish brain vasculature, called zebrafish vasculature quantification (ZVQ). It provides the first landmark- or object-based vascular inter-sample registration of the zebrafish cerebral vasculature, producing population average maps allowing rapid assessment of intra- and inter-group vascular anatomy. ZVQ also extracts a range of quantitative vascular parameters from a user-specified region of interest, including volume, surface area, density, branching points, length, radius and complexity. Application of ZVQ to 13 experimental conditions, including embryonic development, pharmacological manipulations and morpholino-induced gene knockdown, shows that ZVQ is robust, allows extraction of biologically relevant information and quantification of vascular alteration, and can provide novel insights into vascular biology. To allow dissemination, the code for quantification, a graphical user interface and workflow documentation are provided. Together, ZVQ provides the first open-source quantitative approach to assess the 3D cerebrovascular architecture in zebrafish. Summary: An image analysis workflow pipeline for 3D quantification of the total or regional zebrafish brain vasculature, called zebrafish vasculature quantification or ZVQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth C Kugler
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.,Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - James Frost
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,Hull York Medical School, John Hughlings Jackson Building, University Road, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Vishmi Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Karen Plant
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Karishma Chhabria
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Tim J A Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.,Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Paul A Armitage
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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19
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Chappus-McCendie H, Poulin MA, Chouinard-Watkins R, Vandal M, Calon F, Lauzon MA, Plourde M. A diet rich in docosahexaenoic acid enhances reactive astrogliosis and ramified microglia morphology in apolipoprotein E epsilon 4-targeted replacement mice. AGING BRAIN 2022; 2:100046. [PMID: 36908881 PMCID: PMC9997137 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) consumption reduces spatial memory impairment in mice carrying the human apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) allele. The current study evaluated whether astrocyte and microglia morphology contribute to the mechanism of this result. APOE3 and APOE4 mice were fed either a DHA-enriched diet or a control diet from 4 to 12 months of age. Coronal brain sections were immunostained for GFAP, Iba1, and NeuN. Astrocytes from APOE4 mice exhibited signs of reactive astrogliosis compared to APOE3 mice. Consumption of DHA exacerbated reactive astrocyte morphology in APOE4 carriers. Microglia from APOE4-control mice exhibited characteristics of amoeboid morphology and other characteristics of ramified morphology (more processes, greater process complexity, and greater distance between neighboring microglia). DHA enhanced ramified microglia morphology in APOE4 mice. In addition, APOE4 mice fed the DHA diet had lower hippocampal concentrations of interleukin-7, lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and higher concentration of interferon-gamma compared to APOE4-control mice. Our results indicate that a diet rich in DHA enhances reactive astrogliosis and ramified microglia morphology in APOE4 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Chappus-McCendie
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de pharmacologie-physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Poulin
- Département de génie chimique et de génie biotechnologique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de pharmacologie-physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Milène Vandal
- Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Faculté de pharmacie et centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Faculté de pharmacie et centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Lauzon
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de génie chimique et de génie biotechnologique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de pharmacologie-physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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20
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Tan H, Li X, Huang K, Luo M, Wang L. Morphological and distributional properties of SMI-32 immunoreactive ganglion cells in the rat retina. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:1276-1287. [PMID: 34802150 PMCID: PMC9299900 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SMI-32 is widely used to identify entire populations of alpha retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and several SMI-32+ RGC subsets have been studied thoroughly in rodents. However, due to the thick cover of SMI-32+ neurofilaments, the morphology of SMI-32+ RGCs in the central retinal region is obscured and rarely described. Moreover, SMI-32 labels more than one morphological RGC type and the full morphological characteristics and distribution of SMI-32+ RGCs have yet to be discovered. Here, using intracellular neurobiotin injections combined with SMI-32 antibody staining, we investigated morphological and distributional properties of the entire SMI-32+ RGCs population in the rat retina. We found that SMI-32+ RGCs were evenly distributed throughout the rat retina. We compared the morphological features of SMI-32+ ON and OFF cells in the central, middle, and peripheral retinal regions. We found that SMI-32+ RGCs in different regions have distinct characteristics, such as the soma area and the dendritic field area, and Sholl analysis of ON cells and OFF cells revealed significant differences between each region. We classified SMI-32+ RGCs into five clusters based on morphological features and found that a majority of SMI-32+ RGCs belong to alpha-like cells; however, a small proportion of SMI-32+ RGCs had small soma and small dendritic fields. Together, we present a full description of the morphology and distribution of SMI-32 immunoreactive RGCs in the rat retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Tan
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kang Huang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Moxuan Luo
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Hogg PW, Coleman P, Dellazizzo Toth T, Haas K. Quantifying neuronal structural changes over time using dynamic morphometrics. Trends Neurosci 2021; 45:106-119. [PMID: 34815102 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brain circuit development involves tremendous structural formation and rearrangement of dendrites, axons, and the synaptic connections between them. Direct studies of neuronal morphogenesis are now possible through recent developments in multiple technologies, including single-neuron labeling, time-lapse imaging in intact tissues, and 4D rendering software capable of tracking neural growth over periods spanning minutes to days. These methods allow detailed quantification of structural changes of neurons over time, called dynamic morphometrics, providing new insights into fundamental growth patterns, underlying molecular mechanisms, and the intertwined influences of external factors, including neural activity, and intrinsic genetic programs. Here, we review the methods of dynamic morphometrics sampling and analyses, focusing on their applications to studies of activity-driven dendritogenesis in vertebrate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter William Hogg
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Centre for Brain Health, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Patrick Coleman
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Centre for Brain Health, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tristan Dellazizzo Toth
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Centre for Brain Health, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kurt Haas
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Centre for Brain Health, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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22
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Chakraborty A, Upadhya R, Usman TA, Shetty AK, Rutkowski JM. Chronic VEGFR-3 signaling preserves dendritic arborization and sensitization under stress. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:219-233. [PMID: 34389489 PMCID: PMC8511130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic arborization is critical for the establishment and maintenance of precise neural circuits. Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), well-characterized as a "lymphangiogenic" growth factor, reportedly maintains dendritic arborization and synaptic strength in the hippocampus of adult mice through VEGF receptor (VEGFR-3) signaling. Here, we investigated the effect of chronic VEGFR-3-specific activation on adipose arbor morphometry using the Adipo-VD mouse, a model of inducible, adipose-specific VEGF-D overexpression. We examined whether adipose tissue innervation was preserved or functionally different in Adipo-VD mice during stress in vivo and if VEGFR-3 signaling afforded neuroprotection to challenged neurons in vitro. Chronic VEGFR-3 signaling in Adipo-VD subcutaneous adipose tissue resulted in a reduction in the dendrite length, dendritic terminal branches (filament length), and dendritic terminal branch volume (filament volume), but increased dendrite branching. We also identified reduced stimulus-evoked excitatory sympathetic nerve activity in Adipo-VD mice. Following 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) denervation, Adipo-VD dendritic arbors were preserved, including improved dendritic branch volume, length, and dendritic branches than in wildtype tissues. In vitro, we found that chronic elevation of VEGFR-3 signaling in developing mVC neurons changes the dendritic arbor complexity and improves stress-induced structure remodeling. Developing neurons are conferred neuroprotection against stress, potentially by upregulation of proteolytic conversion of pro-BDNF to mature BDNF. Mature neurons, however, display improved dendritic arbor complexity, and unaltered dendritic structural remodeling and improved resistance to stress with VEGFR-3 signaling. Overall, chronically increasing VEGFR-3 signaling in neurons has a synergistic impact on neurosensitization and neuroprotection during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adri Chakraborty
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Raghavendra Upadhya
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Timaj A. Usman
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Ashok K. Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA,Correspondence: Joseph M Rutkowski, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807 USA, Ph: 979-436-0576,
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23
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Long-term variable photoperiod exposure impairs the mPFC and induces anxiety and depression-like behavior in male wistar rats. Exp Neurol 2021; 347:113908. [PMID: 34710402 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Long-term shift work can cause circadian misalignment, which has been linked to anxiety and depression. However, the associated pathophysiologic changes have not been described in detail, and the mechanism underlying this association is not fully understood. To address these points, we used a rat model of CM induced by long-term variable photoperiod exposure [L-VP] (ie, for 90 days). We compared the numbers of neurons, astrocytes, and dendritic spines; dendrite morphology; long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD) and paired-pulse ratio (PPR); expression of glutamate receptor [N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)] subunits and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC); and the anxiety and depression behaviors between rats in the circadian misalignment (CM) and circadian alignment (CA, with normal circadian rhythm) groups. The results showed that L-VP reduced the number of neurons and astrocytes in the mPFC and decreased the number of dendritic spines, dendrite complexity, LTP, LTD, PPR, and expression of glutamate receptors (GluR1, GluR2, GluR3, NMDAR2A, and NMDAR2B) and BDNF in the mPFC. L-VP also induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors, as measured by the open field test, elevated plus-maze, sucrose preference test, and forced swim test. These results suggest that CM induces a loss of neurons and astrocytes and synaptic damage in surviving pyramidal cells in the mPFC might be involved in the pathophysiology of anxiety and depression.
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24
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Wareham LK, Echevarria FD, Sousa JL, Konlian DO, Dallas G, Formichella CR, Sankaran P, Goralski PJ, Gustafson JR, Sappington RM. Interleukin-6 promotes microtubule stability in axons via Stat3 protein-protein interactions. iScience 2021; 24:103141. [PMID: 34646984 PMCID: PMC8496173 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines and its downstream effector, STAT3, are important mediators of neuronal health, repair, and disease throughout the CNS, including the visual system. Here, we elucidate a transcription-independent mechanism for the neuropoietic activities of IL-6 related to axon development, regeneration, and repair. We examined the outcome of IL-6 deficiency on structure and function of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, which form the optic projection. We found that IL-6 deficiency substantially delays anterograde axon transport in vivo. The reduced rate of axon transport is accompanied by changes in morphology, structure, and post-translational modification of microtubules. In vivo and in vitro studies in mice and swine revealed that IL-6-dependent microtubule phenotypes arise from protein-protein interactions between STAT3 and stathmin. As in tumor cells and T cells, this STAT3-stathmin interaction stabilizes microtubules in RGCs. Thus, this IL-6-STAT3-dependent mechanism for axon architecture is likely a fundamental mechanism for microtubule stability systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Wareham
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L Sousa
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Danielle O Konlian
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Gabrielle Dallas
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Cathryn R Formichella
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Priya Sankaran
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Peter J Goralski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jenna R Gustafson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Rebecca M Sappington
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
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25
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Kipp BT, Nunes PT, Galaj E, Hitchcock B, Nasra T, Poynor KR, Heide SK, Reitz NL, Savage LM. Adolescent Ethanol Exposure Alters Cholinergic Function and Apical Dendritic Branching Within the Orbital Frontal Cortex. Neuroscience 2021; 473:52-65. [PMID: 34450212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
During adolescence, heavy binge-like ethanol consumption can lead to frontocortical structural and functional impairments. These impairments are likely driven by adolescence being a critical time point for maturation of brain regions associated with higher-order cognitive functioning. Rodent models of heavy binge-like ethanol exposure show consistent disruptions to the typical development of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). All deep cortical layers receive cholinergic projections that originate from the Nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM) complex. These cholinergic projections are highly involved in learning, memory, and attention. Adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure (AIE) induces cholinergic dysfunction as a result of an epigenetic suppression of the genes that drive the cholinergic phenotype. The current study used a model of AIE to assess structural and functional changes to the frontal cortex and NbM following binge-like ethanol exposure in adolescence. Western blot analysis revealed long-term disruptions of the cholinergic circuit following AIE: choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was suppressed in the NbM and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) was suppressed in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). In vivo microdialysis for acetylcholine efflux during a spatial memory task determined changes in cholinergic modulation within the PFC following AIE. However, AIE spared performance on the spatial memory task and on an operant reversal task. In a second study, Golgi-Cox staining determined that AIE increased apical dendritic complexity in the OFC, with sex influencing whether the increase in branching occurred near or away from the soma. Spine density or maturity was not affected, likely compensating for a disruption in neurotransmitter function following AIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Kipp
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University of the State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - P T Nunes
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University of the State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - E Galaj
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University of the State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - B Hitchcock
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University of the State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - T Nasra
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University of the State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - K R Poynor
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University of the State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - S K Heide
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University of the State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - N L Reitz
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University of the State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - L M Savage
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University of the State University of New York, New York, USA.
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Kissoondoyal A, Rai-Bhogal R, Crawford DA. Abnormal dendritic morphology in the cerebellum of cyclooxygenase-2 - knockin mice. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6355-6373. [PMID: 34510613 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a bioactive signalling molecule metabolized from the phospholipid membranes by the enzymatic activity of cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2). In the developing brain, COX-2 constitutively regulates the production of PGE2, which is important in neuronal development. However, abnormal COX-2/PGE2 signalling has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We have previously demonstrated that COX-2- -KI mice show autism-related behaviours including social deficits, repetitive behaviours and anxious behaviours. COX-2-deficient mice also have deficits in pathways involved in synaptic transmission and dendritic spine formation. In this study, we use a Golgi-COX staining method to examine sex-dependent differences in dendritic and dendritic spine morphology in neurons of COX-2- -KI mice cerebellum compared with wild-type (WT) matched controls at postnatal day 25 (P25). We show that COX-2- -KI mice have increased dendritic arborization closer to the cell soma and increased dendritic looping. We also observed a sex-dependent effect of the COX-2- -KI on dendritic thickness, dendritic spine density, dendritic spine morphology, and the expression of β-actin and the actin-binding protein spinophilin. Our findings show that changes in COX-2/PGE2 signalling lead to impaired morphology of dendrites and dendritic spines in a sex-dependant manner and may contribute the pathology of the cerebellum seen in individuals with ASD. This study provides further evidence that the COX-2- -KI mouse model can be used to study a subset of ASD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashby Kissoondoyal
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ravneet Rai-Bhogal
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorota A Crawford
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Gill S, Kumara VMR. Comparative Neurodevelopment Effects of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol F on Rat Fetal Neural Stem Cell Models. Cells 2021; 10:793. [PMID: 33918242 PMCID: PMC8103521 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered as one of the most extensively synthesized and used chemicals for industrial and consumer products. Previous investigations have established that exposure to BPA has been linked to developmental, reproductive, cardiovascular, immune, and metabolic effects. Several jurisdictions have imposed restrictions and/or have banned the use of BPA in packaging material and other consumer goods. Hence, manufacturers have replaced BPA with its analogues that have a similar chemical structure. Some of these analogues have shown similar endocrine effects as BPA, while others have not been assessed. In this investigation, we compared the neurodevelopmental effects of BPA and its major replacement Bisphenol F (BPF) on rat fetal neural stem cells (rNSCs). rNSCs were exposed to cell-specific differentiation media with non-cytotoxic doses of BPA or BPF at the range of 0.05 M to 100 M concentrations and measured the degree of cell proliferation, differentiation, and morphometric parameters. Both of these compounds increased cell proliferation and impacted the differentiation rates of oligodendrocytes and neurons, in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, there were concentration-dependent decreases in the maturation of oligodendrocytes and neurons, with a concomitant increase in immature oligodendrocytes and neurons. In contrast, neither BPA nor BPF had any overall effect on cellular proliferation or the cytotoxicity of astrocytes. However, there was a concentration-dependent increase in astrocyte differentiation and morphological changes. Morphometric analysis for the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons showed a reduction in the arborization. These data show that fetal rNSCs exposed to either BPA or BPF lead to comparable changes in the cellular differentiation, proliferation, and arborization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santokh Gill
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Health Products and Food Branch, Tunney’s Pasture, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada;
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Abstract
Quantitative analysis of neuronal morphologies usually begins with choosing a particular feature representation in order to make individual morphologies amenable to standard statistics tools and machine learning algorithms. Many different feature representations have been suggested in the literature, ranging from density maps to intersection profiles, but they have never been compared side by side. Here we performed a systematic comparison of various representations, measuring how well they were able to capture the difference between known morphological cell types. For our benchmarking effort, we used several curated data sets consisting of mouse retinal bipolar cells and cortical inhibitory neurons. We found that the best performing feature representations were two-dimensional density maps, two-dimensional persistence images and morphometric statistics, which continued to perform well even when neurons were only partially traced. Combining these feature representations together led to further performance increases suggesting that they captured non-redundant information. The same representations performed well in an unsupervised setting, implying that they can be suitable for dimensionality reduction or clustering.
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Bird AD, Deters LH, Cuntz H. Excess Neuronal Branching Allows for Local Innervation of Specific Dendritic Compartments in Mature Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:1008-1031. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The connectivity of cortical microcircuits is a major determinant of brain function; defining how activity propagates between different cell types is key to scaling our understanding of individual neuronal behavior to encompass functional networks. Furthermore, the integration of synaptic currents within a dendrite depends on the spatial organization of inputs, both excitatory and inhibitory. We identify a simple equation to estimate the number of potential anatomical contacts between neurons; finding a linear increase in potential connectivity with cable length and maximum spine length, and a decrease with overlapping volume. This enables us to predict the mean number of candidate synapses for reconstructed cells, including those realistically arranged. We identify an excess of potential local connections in mature cortical data, with densities of neurite higher than is necessary to reliably ensure the possible implementation of any given axo-dendritic connection. We show that the number of local potential contacts allows specific innervation of distinct dendritic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Bird
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt-am-Main 60438, Germany
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with the Max Planck Society, Frankfurt-am-Main 60528, Germany
| | - L H Deters
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt-am-Main 60438, Germany
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with the Max Planck Society, Frankfurt-am-Main 60528, Germany
| | - H Cuntz
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt-am-Main 60438, Germany
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with the Max Planck Society, Frankfurt-am-Main 60528, Germany
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30
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Tang FL, Wang J, Itokazu Y, Yu RK. Ganglioside GD3 regulates dendritic growth in newborn neurons in adult mouse hippocampus via modulation of mitochondrial dynamics. J Neurochem 2020; 156:819-833. [PMID: 32743804 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ganglioside GD3, a major ganglioside species in neural stem cells, plays a crucial role in maintenance of the self-renewal capacity of these cells. However, its bioactivity in postnatally differentiated neurons in the neurogenic regions of adult brains has not been elucidated. Here, we describe for the first time that deletion of GD3 not only impairs neurotrophin-induced stem cell proliferation, but also alters the dendritic structure as well as the number of synapses of nascent neurons in the dentate gyrus of adult brain. When examining the behavioral phenotypes, GD3 synthase-knockout (GD3S-KO) mice displayed impairment in hippocampus-dependent memory function. To further gain insight into its cellular function, we examined GD3-binding partners from mouse brain extract using a GD3-specific monoclonal antibody, R24, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis and identified a mitochondrial fission protein, the dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1), as a novel GD3-binding protein. Biochemical and imaging analyses revealed mitochondrial fragmentation in GD3-depleted dentate gyrus neurons, suggesting that GD3 is essential for the mitochondrial Drp1 turnover that is required for efficient mitochondrial fission. These results suggest that GD3 is required for proper dendritic and spine maturation of newborn neurons in adult brain through the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lei Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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31
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Cho H, Jeon HJ, Park S, Park CS, Chung E. Neurite growth of trigeminal ganglion neurons in vitro with near-infrared light irradiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 210:111959. [PMID: 32739664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons play an essential role in the sensory nerves of the face. Damaged TG neurons resulting from the accidental and non-intentional nerve lesions, commonly identified as neuropathic pain, which is known to cause intense pain and sensory abnormalities. For the treatment, surgical methods are conducted when the pharmacological treatment fails to provide satisfactory recovery. However, the process of surgery or drug intake can burden the patient or cause side effects. One of the logical choices of study becomes photobiomodulation (PBM) referred to as therapeutic approaches based on the interactions of visible or near-infrared (NIR) photons with biomolecules inside cells or tissues. In this study, we constructed a PBM illumination setup to stimulate the cultured primary TG neurons and compared the growth morphology between the non-irradiated control group and irradiation group with NIR laser of 808 nm wavelength. In addition, we applied various radiant exposures of 1, 2, and 10 J/cm2 with different pulse frequencies of 1, 10, and 100 Hz. We found that PBM could promote neurite growth of TG neurons, and it works at relatively low energy densities at 1 and 2 J/cm2. The irradiation group in the pulsed wave mode with the frequency of 10 Hz was found to be the most effective when compared to other frequencies. Thus, PBM on TG neurons facilitated neuronal growth in vitro in a dose and frequency-dependent fashion. PBM may provide a potential therapeutic approach to treat damaged peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejoo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonho Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Seung Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Euiheon Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Hor P, Punj V, Calvert BA, Castaldi A, Miller AJ, Carraro G, Stripp BR, Brody SL, Spence JR, Ichida JK, Ryan Firth AL, Borok Z. Efficient Generation and Transcriptomic Profiling of Human iPSC-Derived Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101083. [PMID: 32380423 PMCID: PMC7205764 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) is a pathological feature of many human lung diseases. Human PNECs are inherently difficult to study due to their rarity (<1% of total lung cells) and a lack of established protocols for their isolation. We used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate induced PNECs (iPNECs), which express core PNEC markers, including ROBO receptors, and secrete major neuropeptides, recapitulating known functions of primary PNECs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that differentiation efficiency is increased in the presence of an air-liquid interface and inhibition of Notch signaling. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed a PNEC-associated gene expression profile that is concordant between iPNECs and human fetal PNECs. In addition, pseudotime analysis of scRNA-seq results suggests a basal cell origin of human iPNECs. In conclusion, our model has the potential to provide an unlimited source of human iPNECs to explore PNEC pathophysiology associated with several lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Hor
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, HMR 712, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Vasu Punj
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ben A Calvert
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Alessandra Castaldi
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Alyssa J Miller
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Steven L Brody
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justin K Ichida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, HMR 712, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Amy L Ryan Firth
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, HMR 712, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Zea Borok
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Norris Comprehensive Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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33
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Anatomically revealed morphological patterns of pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of the motor cortex. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7916. [PMID: 32405029 PMCID: PMC7220918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell types are essential to the comprehensive understanding of the neuronal function and neuron can be categorized by their anatomical property. However, complete morphology data for neurons with a whole brain projection, for example the pyramidal neurons in the cortex, are sparse because it is difficult to trace the neuronal fibers across the whole brain and acquire the neuron morphology at the single axon resolution. Thus the cell types of pyramidal neurons have yet to be studied at the single axon resolution thoroughly. In this work, we acquire images for a Thy1 H-line mouse brain using a fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography system. Then we sample 42 pyramidal neurons whose somata are in the layer 5 of the motor cortex and reconstruct their morphology across the whole brain. Based on the reconstructed neuronal anatomy, we analyze the axonal and dendritic fibers of the neurons in addition to the soma spatial distributions, and identify two axonal projection pattern of pyramidal tract neurons and two dendritic spreading patterns of intratelencephalic neurons. The raw image data are available upon request as an additional asset to the community. The morphological patterns identified in this work can be a typical representation of neuron subtypes and reveal the possible input-output function of a single pyramidal neuron.
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34
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Sultan S, Snider J, Conn A, Li M, Topp CN, Navlakha S. A Statistical Growth Property of Plant Root Architectures. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:2073723. [PMID: 33313546 PMCID: PMC7706341 DOI: 10.34133/2020/2073723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Numerous types of biological branching networks, with varying shapes and sizes, are used to acquire and distribute resources. Here, we show that plant root and shoot architectures share a fundamental design property. We studied the spatial density function of plant architectures, which specifies the probability of finding a branch at each location in the 3-dimensional volume occupied by the plant. We analyzed 1645 root architectures from four species and discovered that the spatial density functions of all architectures are population-similar. This means that despite their apparent visual diversity, all of the roots studied share the same basic shape, aside from stretching and compression along orthogonal directions. Moreover, the spatial density of all architectures can be described as variations on a single underlying function: a Gaussian density truncated at a boundary of roughly three standard deviations. Thus, the root density of any architecture requires only four parameters to specify: the total mass of the architecture and the standard deviations of the Gaussian in the three (x, y, z) growth directions. Plant shoot architectures also follow this design form, suggesting that two basic plant transport systems may use similar growth strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Sultan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Snider
- University of California San Diego, Institute for Neural Computation, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam Conn
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Mao Li
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Saket Navlakha
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
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