1
|
López-García I, Oh S, Chaney C, Tsunezumi J, Drummond I, Oxburgh L, Carroll T, Marciano DK. Epithelial tubule interconnection driven by HGF-Met signaling in the kidney. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.03.597185. [PMID: 38895378 PMCID: PMC11185679 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.03.597185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The formation of functional epithelial tubules is a central feature of many organ systems. Although the process of tubule formation by epithelial cells is well-studied, the way in which tubules connect with each other (i.e. anastomose) to form functional networks both in vivo and in vitro is not well understood. A key, unanswered question in the kidney is how the renal vesicles of the embryonic kidney connect with the nascent collecting ducts to form a continuous urinary system. We performed a ligand-receptor pair analysis on single cell RNA-seq data from embryonic mouse kidney tubules undergoing anastomosis to select candidates that might mediate this process in vivo. This analysis identified hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which has known roles in cell proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis, as one of several possible candidates. To test this possibility, we designed a novel assay to quantitatively examine epithelial tubule anastomosis in vitro using epithelial spheroids with fluorescently-tagged apical surfaces to enable direct visualization of anastomosis. This revealed that HGF is a potent inducer of tubule anastomosis. Tubule anastomosis occurs through a proliferation-independent mechanism that acts through the MAPK signaling cascade and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the latter suggestive of a role in extracellular matrix turnover. Accordingly, treatment of explanted embryonic mouse kidneys with HGF and collagenase was sufficient to induce kidney tubule anastomosis. These results lay the groundwork for investigating how to promote functional interconnections between tubular epithelia, which have important clinical implications for utilizing in vitro grown kidney tissue in transplant medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel López-García
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Sunhee Oh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Chris Chaney
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Jun Tsunezumi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Iain Drummond
- Mount Dessert Island Biological Laboratory, Maine, USA
| | - Leif Oxburgh
- Kidney Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Rogosin Institute, New York, 10021, USA
| | - Thomas Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Denise K. Marciano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grasselli C, Bombelli S, D'Esposito V, Di Tolla MF, L'Imperio V, Rocchio F, Miscione MS, Formisano P, Pagni F, Novelli R, Ruffini PA, Aramini A, Allegretti M, Perego R, De Filippis L. The therapeutic potential of an allosteric non-competitive CXCR1/2 antagonist for diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3694. [PMID: 37470287 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic nephropathy is a major consequence of inflammation developing in type 1 diabetes, with interleukin-8 (IL-8)-CXCR1/2 axis playing a key role in kidney disease progression. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of a CXCR1/2 non-competitive allosteric antagonist (Ladarixin) in preventing high glucose-mediated injury in human podocytes and epithelial cells differentiated from renal stem/progenitor cells (RSC) cultured as nephrospheres. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used human RSCs cultured as nephrospheres through a sphere-forming functional assay to investigate hyperglycemia-mediated effects on IL-8 signalling in human podocytes and tubular epithelial cells. RESULTS High glucose impairs RSC self-renewal, induces an increase in IL-8 transcript expression and protein secretion and induces DNA damage in RSC-differentiated podocytes, while exerting no effect on RSC-differentiated epithelial cells. Accordingly, the supernatant from epithelial cells or podocytes cultured in high glucose was able to differentially activate leucocyte-mediated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that the crosstalk between immune and non-immune cells may be involved in disease progression in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with Ladarixin during RSC differentiation prevented high glucose-mediated effects on podocytes and modulated either podocyte or epithelial cell-dependent leucocyte secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting CXCR1/2 antagonists as possible pharmacological approaches for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Grasselli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Bombelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Vittoria D'Esposito
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo L'Imperio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | | | | | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Pagni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Rubina Novelli
- Research and Development, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A., Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Perego
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Petreski T, Varda L, Gradišnik L, Maver U, Bevc S. Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells: From Harvesting to Use in Studies. Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 147:650-654. [PMID: 37423209 DOI: 10.1159/000531291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidneys are the body's main excretion organ with several additional functions, and the nephron represents their central structural unit. It is comprised of endothelial, mesangial, glomerular, and tubular epithelial cells, as well as podocytes. Treatment of acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complex due to broad etiopathogenic mechanisms and limited regeneration potential as kidney cells finish their differentiation after 34 weeks of gestation. Despite the ever-increasing prevalence of CKD, very limited treatment modalities are available. The medical community should therefore strive to improve existing treatments and develop new ones. Furthermore, polypharmacy is present in most CKD patients, while current pharmacologic study designs lack effectiveness in predicting potential drug-drug interactions and the resulting clinically relevant complications. An opportunity for addressing these issues lies in developing in vitro cell models based on patient-derived renal cells. Currently, several protocols have been described for isolating desired kidney cells, of which the most isolated are the proximal tubular epithelial cells. These play a significant role in water homeostasis, acid-base control, reabsorption of compounds, and secretion of xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites. When developing a protocol for the isolation and culture of such cells, one must focus on several steps. These include harvesting cells from biopsy specimens or after nephrectomies, using different digestion enzymes and culture mediums to facilitate the selective growth of only the desired cells. The literature reports several existing models, from simple 2D in vitro cultures to more complex ones created with bioengineering methods, such as kidney-on-a-chip models. While their creation and use depend on the target research, one should consider factors such as equipment, cost, and, even more importantly, source tissue quality and availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Petreski
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Luka Varda
- Department of Dialysis, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Gradišnik
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uros Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Bevc
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Omer D, Zontag OC, Gnatek Y, Harari-Steinberg O, Pleniceanu O, Namestnikov M, Cohen AH, Nissim-Rafinia M, Tam G, Kalisky T, Meshorer E, Dekel B. OCT4 induces long-lived dedifferentiated kidney progenitors poised to redifferentiate in 3D kidney spheroids. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 29:329-346. [PMID: 37214315 PMCID: PMC10193171 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Upscaling of kidney epithelial cells is crucial for renal regenerative medicine. Nonetheless, the adult kidney lacks a distinct stem cell hierarchy, limiting the ability to long-term propagate clonal populations of primary cells that retain renal identity. Toward this goal, we tested the paradigm of shifting the balance between differentiation and stemness in the kidney by introducing a single pluripotency factor, OCT4. Here we show that ectopic expression of OCT4 in human adult kidney epithelial cells (hKEpC) induces the cells to dedifferentiate, stably proliferate, and clonally emerge over many generations. Control hKEpC dedifferentiate, assume fibroblastic morphology, and completely lose clonogenic capacity. Analysis of gene expression and histone methylation patterns revealed that OCT4 represses the HNF1B gene module, which is critical for kidney epithelial differentiation, and concomitantly activates stemness-related pathways. OCT4-hKEpC can be long-term expanded in the dedifferentiated state that is primed for renal differentiation. Thus, when expanded OCT4-hKEpC are grown as kidney spheroids (OCT4-kSPH), they reactivate the HNF1B gene signature, redifferentiate, and efficiently generate renal structures in vivo. Hence, changes occurring in the cellular state of hKEpC following OCT4 induction, long-term propagation, and 3D aggregation afford rapid scale-up technology of primary renal tissue-forming cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Omer
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond & Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sagol Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Cohen Zontag
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond & Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sagol Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehudit Gnatek
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond & Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sagol Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond & Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sagol Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oren Pleniceanu
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond & Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sagol Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Namestnikov
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond & Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sagol Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayelet-Hashahar Cohen
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Malka Nissim-Rafinia
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Gal Tam
- Faculty of Engineering and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tomer Kalisky
- Faculty of Engineering and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Eran Meshorer
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond & Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
- Sagol Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond & Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Freedman BS, Dekel B. Engraftment of Kidney Organoids In Vivo. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2023; 10:29-39. [PMID: 37128257 PMCID: PMC10126570 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-023-00397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Kidney organoids are heterocellular structures grown in vitro that resemble nephrons. Organoids contain diverse cell types, including podocytes, proximal tubules, and distal tubules in contiguous segments, patterned along a proximal-to-distal axis. Human organoids are being explored for their potential as regenerative grafts, as an alternative to allograft transplants and hemodialysis. Earlier work, analyzing grafts of developing human kidney tissue and whole human embryonic kidney rudiments, serves as a baseline for organoid implantation experiments. Recent Findings When transplanted into immunodeficient mice beneath the kidney capsule, kidney organoid xenografts can form vascularized, glomerulus-like structures, which exhibit a degree of filtration function. However, the absence of an appropriate collecting duct outlet and the presence of abundant stromal-like cells limits the functionality of such grafts and raises safety concerns. Recently, ureteric-like organoids have also been generated, which extend projections that resemble collecting ducts. Summary Combining nephron-like and ureteric-like organoids, along with renal stromal cells, may provide a path towards more functional grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S. Freedman
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Medicine, Pathology (Adjunct), and Bioengineering (Adjunct), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
- Plurexa LLC, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and the Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Sagol Center for Regenerative Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Masalha M, Meningher T, Mizrahi A, Barzilai A, Tabibian-Keissar H, Gur-Wahnon D, Ben-Dov IZ, Kapenhas J, Jacob-Hirsch J, Leibowitz R, Sidi Y, Avni D. MiR-199a-3p Induces Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition of Keratinocytes by Targeting RAP2B. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315401. [PMID: 36499729 PMCID: PMC9741271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is an epidermal skin cancer that evolves from normal epidermis along several pre-malignant stages. Previously we found specific miRNAs alterations in each step along these stages. miR-199a-3p expression decreases at the transition to later stages. A crucial step for epithelial carcinoma cells to acquire invasive capacity is the disruption of cell-cell contacts and the gain of mesenchymal motile phenotype, a process known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study aims to study the role of decreased expression of miR-199a-3p in keratinocytes' EMT towards carcinogenesis. First, we measured miR-199a-3p in different stages of epidermal carcinogenesis. Then, we applied Photoactivatable Ribonucleoside-Enhanced Crosslinking and Immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) assay to search for possible biochemical targets of miR-199a-3p and verified that Ras-associated protein B2 (RAP2B) is a bona-fide target of miR-199a-3p. Next, we analyzed RAP2B expression, in CSCC biopsies. Last, we evaluated possible mechanisms leading to decreased miR-199a-3p expression. miR-199a-3p induces a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) in CSSC cells. Many of the under-expressed genes in CSCC overexpressing miR-199a-3p, are possible targets of miR-199a-3p and play roles in EMT. RAP2B is a biochemical target of miR-199a-3p. Overexpression of miR-199a-3p in CSCC results in decreased phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK). In addition, inhibiting FAK phosphorylation inhibits EMT marker genes' expression. In addition, we proved that DNA methylation is part of the mechanism by which miR-199a-3p expression is inhibited. However, it is not by the methylation of miR-199a putative promoter. These findings suggest that miR-199a-3p inhibits the EMT process by targeting RAP2B. Inhibitors of RAP2B or FAK may be effective therapeutic agents for CSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moamen Masalha
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tal Meningher
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Adi Mizrahi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Aviv Barzilai
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Pathology Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | | | - Devorah Gur-Wahnon
- Laboratory of Medical Transcriptomics, Nephrology and Hypertension Services, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Iddo Z. Ben-Dov
- Laboratory of Medical Transcriptomics, Nephrology and Hypertension Services, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Joshua Kapenhas
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | | | - Raya Leibowitz
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Oncology institute, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Sidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dror Avni
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-5307479
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gerges D, Hevesi Z, Schmidt SH, Kapps S, Pajenda S, Geist B, Schmidt A, Wagner L, Winnicki W. Tubular epithelial progenitors are excreted in urine during recovery from severe acute kidney injury and are able to expand and differentiate in vitro. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14110. [PMID: 36285332 PMCID: PMC9588302 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious condition associated with chronic kidney disease, dialysis requirement and a high risk of death. However, there are specialized repair mechanisms for the nephron, and migrated committed progenitor cells are the key players. Previous work has described a positive association between renal recovery and the excretion of tubular progenitor cells in the urine of kidney transplant recipients. The aim of this work was to describe such structures in non-transplanted AKI patients and to focus on their differentiation. Methods Morning urine was obtained from four patients with AKI stage 3 and need for RRT on a consecutive basis. Urine sediment gene expression was performed to assess which part of the tubular or glomerular segment was affected by injury, along with measurement of neprilysin. Urine output and sediment morphology were monitored, viable hyperplastic tubular epithelial clusters were isolated and characterized by antibody or cultured in vitro. These cells were monitored by phase contrast microscopy, gene, and protein expression over 9 days by qPCR and confocal immunofluorescence. Furthermore, UMOD secretion into the supernatant was quantitatively measured. Results Urinary neprilysin decreased rapidly with increasing urinary volume in ischemic, toxic, nephritic, and infection-associated AKI, whereas the decrease in sCr required at least 2 weeks. While urine output increased, dead cells were present in the sediment along with debris followed by hyperplastic agglomerates. Monitoring of urine sediment for tubular cell-specific gene transcript levels NPHS2 (podocyte), AQP1 and AQP6 (proximal tubule), and SLC12A1 (distal tubule) by qPCR revealed different components depending on the cause of AKI. Confocal immunofluorescence staining confirmed the presence of intact nephron-specific epithelial cells, some of which appeared in clusters expressing AQP1 and PAX8 and were 53% positive for the stem cell marker PROM1. Isolated tubule epithelial progenitor cells were grown in vitro, expanded, and reached confluence within 5-7 days, while the expression of AQP1 and UMOD increased, whereas PROM1 and Ki67 decreased. This was accompanied by a change in cell morphology from a disproportionately high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio at day 2-7 with mitotic figures. In contrast, an apoptotic morphology of approximately 30% was found at day 9 with the appearance of multinucleated cells that were associable with different regions of the nephron tubule by marker proteins. At the same time, UMOD was detected in the culture supernatant. Conclusion During renal recovery, a high replicatory potential of tubular epithelial progenitor cells is found in urine. In vitro expansion and gene expression show differentiation into tubular cells with marker proteins specific for different nephron regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gerges
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsofia Hevesi
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie H. Schmidt
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Kapps
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sahra Pajenda
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Geist
- Department of Biochemical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Schmidt
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig Wagner
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Winnicki
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang W, Zhu XY, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Extracellular Vesicles as Theranostic Tools in Kidney Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:1418-1429. [PMID: 35260417 PMCID: PMC9625088 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.16751221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are important vectors for cell-cell communication and show potential value for diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases. The pathologic diagnosis of kidney diseases relies on kidney biopsy, whereas collection of extracellular vesicles from urine or circulating blood may constitute a less invasive diagnostic tool. In particular, urinary extracellular vesicles released mainly from resident kidney cells might provide an alternative tool for detection of kidney injury. Because extracellular vesicles mirror many features of their parent cells, cargoes of several populations of urinary extracellular vesicles are promising biomarkers for disease processes, like diabetic kidney disease, kidney transplant, and lupus nephritis. Contrarily, extracellular vesicles derived from reparative cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, tubular epithelial progenitor cells, and human umbilical cord blood represent promising regenerative tools for treatment of kidney diseases. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells-derived and engineered extracellular vesicles are being developed for specific applications for the kidney. Nevertheless, some assumptions regarding the specificity and immunogenicity of extracellular vesicles remain to be established. This review focuses on the utility of extracellular vesicles as therapeutic and diagnostic (theranostic) tools in kidney diseases and future directions for studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Huang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Piossek F, Beneke S, Schlichenmaier N, Mucic G, Drewitz S, Dietrich DR. Physiological oxygen and co-culture with human fibroblasts facilitate in vivo-like properties in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 361:109959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Namestnikov M, Dekel B. Moving To A New Dimension: 3D Kidney Cultures For Kidney Regeneration. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Liu J, Li Y, Lyu L, Xiao L, Memon AA, Yu X, Halim A, Patel S, Osman A, Yin W, Jiang J, Naini S, Lim K, Zhang A, Williams JD, Koester R, Qi KZ, Fucci QA, Ding L, Chang S, Patel A, Mori Y, Chaudhari A, Bao A, Liu J, Lu TS, Siedlecki A. Integrin α5 Is Regulated by miR-218-5p in Endothelial Progenitor Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:565-582. [PMID: 35091451 PMCID: PMC8975065 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell injury is a common nidus of renal injury in patients and consistent with the high prevalence of AKI reported during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This cell type expresses integrin α5 (ITGA5), which is essential to the Tie2 signaling pathway. The microRNA miR-218-5p is upregulated in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) after hypoxia, but microRNA regulation of Tie2 in the EPC lineage is unclear. METHODS We isolated human kidney-derived EPCs (hkEPCs) and surveyed microRNA target transcripts. A preclinical model of ischemic kidney injury was used to evaluate the effect of hkEPCs on capillary repair. We used a genetic knockout model to evaluate the effect of deleting endogenous expression of miR-218 specifically in angioblasts. RESULTS After ischemic in vitro preconditioning, miR-218-5p was elevated in hkEPCs. We found miR-218-5p bound to ITGA5 mRNA transcript and decreased ITGA5 protein expression. Phosphorylation of 42/44 MAPK decreased by 73.6% in hkEPCs treated with miR-218-5p. Cells supplemented with miR-218-5p downregulated ITGA5 synthesis and decreased 42/44 MAPK phosphorylation. In a CD309-Cre/miR-218-2-LoxP mammalian model (a conditional knockout mouse model designed to delete pre-miR-218-2 exclusively in CD309+ cells), homozygotes at e18.5 contained avascular glomeruli, whereas heterozygote adults showed susceptibility to kidney injury. Isolated EPCs from the mouse kidney contained high amounts of ITGA5 and showed decreased migratory capacity in three-dimensional cell culture. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the critical regulatory role of miR-218-5p in kidney EPC migration, a finding that may inform efforts to treat microvascular kidney injury via therapeutic cell delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lingna Lyu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aliza A. Memon
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xin Yu
- Blood Transfusion Research Institute, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arvin Halim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shivani Patel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Wenqing Yin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Said Naini
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Aifeng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan D. Williams
- DNA Identification Testing Division, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Burlington, North Carolina
| | - Ruth Koester
- DNA Identification Testing Division, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Burlington, North Carolina
| | | | - Quynh-Anh Fucci
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lai Ding
- Program for Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven Chang
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ankit Patel
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yutaro Mori
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Advika Chaudhari
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron Bao
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jia Liu
- Shenzhen Jiake Biotechnology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tzong-Shi Lu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Siedlecki
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Omer D, Pleniceanu O, Gnatek Y, Namestnikov M, Cohen-Zontag O, Goldberg S, Friedman YE, Friedman N, Mandelboim M, Vitner EB, Achdout H, Avraham R, Zahavy E, Israely T, Mayan H, Dekel B. Human Kidney Spheroids and Monolayers Provide Insights into SARS-CoV-2 Renal Interactions. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2242-2254. [PMID: 34112705 PMCID: PMC8729846 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020111546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes significan t morbidity, mainly from pulmonary involvement, extrapulmonary symptoms are also major componen ts of the disease. Kidney disease, usually presenting as AKI, is particularly severe among patients with COVID-19. It is unknown, however, whether such injury results from direct kidney infection with COVID-19's causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or from indirect mechanisms. METHODS Using ex vivo cell models, we sought to analyze SARS-CoV-2 interactions with kidney tubular cells and assess direct tubular injury. These models comprised primary human kidney epithelial cells (derived from nephrectomies) and grown as either proliferating monolayers or quiescent three-dimensional kidney spheroids. RESULTS We demonstrated that viral entry molecules and high baseline levels of type 1 IFN-related molecules were present in monolayers and kidney spheroids. Although both models support viral infection and replication, they did not exhibit a cytopathic effect and cell death, outcomes that were strongly present in SARS-CoV-2-infected controls (African green monkey kidney clone E6 [Vero E6] cultures). A comparison of monolayer and spheroid cultures demonstrated higher infectivity and replication of SARS-CoV-2 in actively proliferating monolayers, although the spheroid cultures exhibited high er levels of ACE2. Monolayers exhibited elevation of some tubular injury molecules-including molecules related to fibrosis (COL1A1 and STAT6) and dedifferentiation (SNAI2)-and a loss of cell identity, evident by reduction in megalin (LRP2). The three-dimensional spheroids were less prone to such injury. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 can infect kidney cells without a cytopathic effect. AKI-induced cellular proliferation may potentially intensify infectivity and tubular damage by SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that early intervention in AKI is warranted to help minimize kidney infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Omer
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Pediatric Research Center for Genetics, Development and Environment, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oren Pleniceanu
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Pediatric Research Center for Genetics, Development and Environment, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehudit Gnatek
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Pediatric Research Center for Genetics, Development and Environment, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Namestnikov
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Pediatric Research Center for Genetics, Development and Environment, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Kidney Research Laboratory, The Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Osnat Cohen-Zontag
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Pediatric Research Center for Genetics, Development and Environment, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sanja Goldberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Pediatric Research Center for Genetics, Development and Environment, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Nehemya Friedman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Einat B. Vitner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Roy Avraham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eran Zahavy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Haim Mayan
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Medicine E, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Sara Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Pediatric Research Center for Genetics, Development and Environment, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Namestnikov M, Pleniceanu O, Dekel B. Mixing Cells for Vascularized Kidney Regeneration. Cells 2021; 10:1119. [PMID: 34066487 PMCID: PMC8148539 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide rise in prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) demands innovative bio-medical solutions for millions of kidney patients. Kidney regenerative medicine aims to replenish tissue which is lost due to a common pathological pathway of fibrosis/inflammation and rejuvenate remaining tissue to maintain sufficient kidney function. To this end, cellular therapy strategies devised so far utilize kidney tissue-forming cells (KTFCs) from various cell sources, fetal, adult, and pluripotent stem-cells (PSCs). However, to increase engraftment and potency of the transplanted cells in a harsh hypoxic diseased environment, it is of importance to co-transplant KTFCs with vessel forming cells (VFCs). VFCs, consisting of endothelial cells (ECs) and mesenchymal stem-cells (MSCs), synergize to generate stable blood vessels, facilitating the vascularization of self-organizing KTFCs into renovascular units. In this paper, we review the different sources of KTFCs and VFCs which can be mixed, and report recent advances made in the field of kidney regeneration with emphasis on generation of vascularized kidney tissue by cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Namestnikov
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel;
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- ediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel;
| | - Oren Pleniceanu
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- The Kidney Research Lab, Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel;
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wysocki J, Ye M, Hassler L, Gupta AK, Wang Y, Nicoleascu V, Randall G, Wertheim JA, Batlle D. A Novel Soluble ACE2 Variant with Prolonged Duration of Action Neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Kidney Organoids. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:795-803. [PMID: 33526471 PMCID: PMC8017551 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need for approaches to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Administration of soluble ACE2 protein acting as a decoy to bind to SARS-CoV-2 should limit viral uptake mediated by binding to membrane-bound full-length ACE2, and further therapeutic benefit should result from ensuring enzymatic ACE2 activity to affected organs in patients with COVID-19. METHODS A short variant of human soluble ACE2 protein consisting of 618 amino acids (hACE2 1-618) was generated and fused with an albumin binding domain (ABD) using an artificial gene encoding ABDCon, with improved albumin binding affinity. Human kidney organoids were used for infectivity studies of SARS-CoV-2 in a BSL-3 facility to examine the neutralizing effect of these novel ACE2 variants. RESULTS Whereas plasma ACE2 activity of the naked ACE2 1-618 and ACE2 1-740 lasted about 8 hours, the ACE2 1-618-ABD resulted in substantial activity at 96 hours, and it was still biologically active 3 days after injection. Human kidney organoids express ACE2 and TMPRSS2, and when infected with SARS-CoV-2, our modified long-acting ACE2 variant neutralized infection. CONCLUSIONS This novel ACE2 1-618-ABD can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in human kidney organoids, and its prolonged duration of action should ensure improved efficacy to prevent viral escape and dosing convenience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wysocki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Minghao Ye
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Luise Hassler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ashwani Kumar Gupta
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yuguo Wang
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vlad Nicoleascu
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Glenn Randall
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason A. Wertheim
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cell preservation methods and its application to studying rare disease. Mol Cell Probes 2021; 56:101694. [PMID: 33429040 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability to preserve and transport human cells in a stable medium over long distances is critical to collaborative efforts and the advancement of knowledge in the study of human disease. This is particularly important in the study of rare diseases. Recently, advancements in the understanding of renal ciliopathies has been achieved via the use of patient urine-derived cells (UDCs). However, the traditional method of cryopreservation, although considered as the gold standard, can result in decreased sample viability of many cell types, including UDCs. Delays in transportation can have devastating effects upon the viability of samples, and may even result in complete destruction of cells following evaporation of dry ice or liquid nitrogen, leaving samples in cryoprotective agents, which are cytotoxic at room temperature. The loss of any patient sample in this manner is detrimental to research, however it is even more so when samples are from patients with a rare disease. In order to overcome the associated limitations of traditional practices, new methods of preservation and shipment, including cell encapsulation within hydrogels, and transport in specialised devices are continually being investigated. Here we summarise and compare traditional methods with emerging novel alternatives for the preservation and shipment of cells, and consider the effectiveness of such methods for use with UDCs to further enable the study and understanding of kidney diseases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Human kidney clonal proliferation disclose lineage-restricted precursor characteristics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22097. [PMID: 33328501 PMCID: PMC7745030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In-vivo single cell clonal analysis in the adult mouse kidney has previously shown lineage-restricted clonal proliferation within varying nephron segments as a mechanism responsible for cell replacement and local regeneration. To analyze ex-vivo clonal growth, we now preformed limiting dilution to generate genuine clonal cultures from one single human renal epithelial cell, which can give rise to up to 3.4 * 106 cells, and analyzed their characteristics using transcriptomics. A comparison between clonal cultures revealed restriction to either proximal or distal kidney sub-lineages with distinct cellular and molecular characteristics; rapidly amplifying de-differentiated clones and a stably proliferating cuboidal epithelial-appearing clones, respectively. Furthermore, each showed distinct molecular features including cell-cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, oxidative phosphorylation, BMP signaling pathway and cell surface markers. In addition, analysis of clonal versus bulk cultures show early clones to be more quiescent, with elevated expression of renal developmental genes and overall reduction in renal identity markers, but with an overlapping expression of nephron segment identifiers and multiple identity. Thus, ex-vivo clonal growth mimics the in-vivo situation displaying lineage-restricted precursor characteristics of mature renal cells. These data suggest that for reconstruction of varying renal lineages with human adult kidney based organoid technology and kidney regeneration ex-vivo, use of multiple heterogeneous precursors is warranted.
Collapse
|
17
|
Schmidt-Ott KM. Mix for Regeneration: Nephron Replacement by Transplanted Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2743-2745. [PMID: 33154176 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany .,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany .,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jomura R, Tanno Y, Akanuma SI, Kubo Y, Tachikawa M, Hosoya KI. Monocarboxylate transporter 12 as a guanidinoacetate efflux transporter in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183434. [PMID: 32781157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Guanidinoacetate (GAA), which is a precursor of creatine, is mainly biosynthesized in the renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs). Plasma concentration of GAA has been reported to be reduced in patients with monocarboxylate transporter 12 (MCT12) mutation (p.Q215X). However, the mechanism underlying GAA release from the RPTECs remains unclear. Therefore, to elucidate the role of MCT12 in renal GAA release, MCT12-mediated GAA transport was evaluated using the human and rat MCT12-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes and primary-cultured rat RPTECs. [14C]GAA uptake by the human and rat MCT12-expressing oocytes was significantly higher than that by the water-injected oocytes. Rat MCT12-mediated uptake of [14C]GAA by the oocytes was found to be sodium ion (Na+)-independent and exhibited saturable kinetics with a Michaelis-Menten constant of 3.38 mM. Transport activities of rat MCT12 tend to increase along with increasing of extracellular pH. In addition, the efflux transport of [14C]GAA from the human and rat MCT12-expressing oocytes was significantly higher than that from the water-injected oocytes. These results suggest that both the influx and efflux transport of GAA is mediated by MCT12. In the primary-cultured rat RPTECs, [14C]GAA efflux transport was significantly reduced by the transfection of MCT12-specific siRNAs, suggesting that MCT12 participates in GAA efflux transport in rat RPTECs. Therefore, it suggests that MCT12 is involved in GAA release from RPTECs to the circulating blood, since MCT12 is known to be localized on the basal membrane of RPTECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Jomura
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Yu Tanno
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Akanuma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Kubo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Hosoya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pleniceanu O, Harari-Steinberg O, Omer D, Gnatek Y, Lachmi BE, Cohen-Zontag O, Manevitz-Mendelson E, Barzilai A, Yampolsky M, Fuchs Y, Rosenzweig B, Eisner A, Dotan Z, Fine LG, Dekel B, Greenberger S. Successful Introduction of Human Renovascular Units into the Mammalian Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2757-2772. [PMID: 32753400 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019050508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-based therapies aimed at replenishing renal parenchyma have been proposed as an approach for treating CKD. However, pathogenic mechanisms involved in CKD such as renal hypoxia result in loss of kidney function and limit engraftment and therapeutic effects of renal epithelial progenitors. Jointly administering vessel-forming cells (human mesenchymal stromal cells [MSCs] and endothelial colony-forming cells [ECFCs]) may potentially result in in vivo formation of vascular networks. METHODS We administered renal tubule-forming cells derived from human adult and fetal kidneys (previously shown to exert a functional effect in CKD mice) into mice, alongside MSCs and ECFCs. We then assessed whether this would result in generation of "renovascular units" comprising both vessels and tubules with potential interaction. RESULTS Directly injecting vessel-forming cells and renal tubule-forming cells into the subcutaneous and subrenal capsular space resulted in self-organization of donor-derived vascular networks that connected to host vasculature, alongside renal tubules comprising tubular epithelia of different nephron segments. Vessels derived from MSCs and ECFCs augmented in vivo tubulogenesis by the renal tubule-forming cells. In vitro coculture experiments showed that MSCs and ECFCs induced self-renewal and genes associated with mesenchymal-epithelial transition in renal tubule-forming cells, indicating paracrine effects. Notably, after renal injury, renal tubule-forming cells and vessel-forming cells infused into the renal artery did not penetrate the renal vascular network to generate vessels; only administering them into the kidney parenchyma resulted in similar generation of human renovascular units in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Combined cell therapy of vessel-forming cells and renal tubule-forming cells aimed at alleviating renal hypoxia and enhancing tubulogenesis holds promise as the basis for new renal regenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oren Pleniceanu
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Harari-Steinberg
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dorit Omer
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yehudit Gnatek
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Bat-El Lachmi
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Osnat Cohen-Zontag
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Aviv Barzilai
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Matan Yampolsky
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Barak Rosenzweig
- Department of Urology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Alon Eisner
- Department of Urology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Zohar Dotan
- Department of Urology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Leon G Fine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- The Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute and Pediatric Nephrology Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoshana Greenberger
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bombelli S, Meregalli C, Grasselli C, Bolognesi MM, Bruno A, Eriani S, Torsello B, De Marco S, Bernasconi DP, Zucchini N, Mazzola P, Bianchi C, Grasso M, Albini A, Cattoretti G, Perego RA. PKH high/CD133+/CD24- Renal Stem-Like Cells Isolated from Human Nephrospheres Exhibit In Vitro Multipotency. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081805. [PMID: 32751333 PMCID: PMC7465083 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism upon which human kidneys undergo regeneration is debated, though different lineage-tracing mouse models have tried to explain the cellular types and the mechanisms involved. Different sources of human renal progenitors have been proposed, but it is difficult to argue whether these populations have the same capacities that have been described in mice. Using the nephrosphere (NS) model, we isolated the quiescent population of adult human renal stem-like PKHhigh/CD133+/CD24− cells (RSC). The aim of this study was to deepen the RSC in vitro multipotency capacity. RSC, not expressing endothelial markers, generated secondary nephrospheres containing CD31+/vWf+ cells and cytokeratin positive cells, indicating the coexistence of endothelial and epithelial commitment. RSC cultured on decellularized human renal scaffolds generated endothelial structures together with the proximal and distal tubular structures. CD31+ endothelial committed progenitors sorted from nephrospheres generated spheroids with endothelial-like sprouts in Matrigel. We also demonstrated the double commitment toward endothelial and epithelial lineages of single RSC. The ability of the plastic RSC population to recapitulate the development of tubular epithelial and endothelial renal lineages makes these cells a good tool for the creation of organoids with translational relevance for studying the parenchymal and endothelial cell interactions and developing new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bombelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.P.); (S.B.); Tel.: +39-02-6448-8303 (R.A.P.); +39-02-6448-8326 (S.B.)
| | - Chiara Meregalli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Chiara Grasselli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Maddalena M. Bolognesi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | | | - Stefano Eriani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Barbara Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Sofia De Marco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Davide P. Bernasconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Nicola Zucchini
- Pathology Unit, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Paolo Mazzola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
- Geriatric Unit, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bianchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
| | - Marco Grasso
- Urology Unit, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Adriana Albini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Cattoretti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
- Pathology Unit, ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital Via G.B. Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Roberto A. Perego
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.M.); (C.G.); (M.M.B.); (S.E.); (B.T.); (S.D.M.); (D.P.B.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.P.); (S.B.); Tel.: +39-02-6448-8303 (R.A.P.); +39-02-6448-8326 (S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kidney sphere grafts for tissue regeneration. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:188. [DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|