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Naruoka S, Sakata S, Kawabata S, Hashiguchi Y, Daikoku E, Sakaguchi S, Okazaki F, Yoshikawa K, Rawls JF, Nakano T, Hirose Y, Ono F. A zebrafish gene with sequence similarities to human uromodulin and GP2 displays extensive evolutionary diversification among teleost and confers resistance to bacterial infection. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37510. [PMID: 39309883 PMCID: PMC11415648 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the process of investigating synaptic changes happening to mutants lacking postsynaptic receptors in the neuromuscular junction, we focused on a hitherto uncharacterized zebrafish gene zgc153932 whose expression was increased in the RNAseq and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) analysis of a paralyzed mutant sofa potato. The zgc153932 gene which we named omcin5 (omc5) showed amino acid sequence similarity to human uromodulin and GP2, which are expressed in epithelial cells of the kidney and the gut respectively and bind to bacteria pili. omc5 had 14 paralogues in a ∼400 KB region on the chromosome 12 of the zebrafish genome. These genes, named omcin1 through 15, constitute a gene cluster which presumably arose from recent gene duplications in the zebrafish lineage. An antibody raised against the epitope common to 6-9 genes in the omcin family revealed expression in the cloaca of 1 day post fertilization (dpf) embryos which broadened to the urinary and digestive tracts by 5 dpf. Expression of omc5 was increased by exposure of embryos to Escherichia coli (E. coli). Survival of omc5 mutant embryos was shortened in the presence of E. coli, or when they were not maintained in germ-free conditions. Adults omc5 mutants also exhibited susceptibility to infection. Other teleost species which had omcin-like genes in their genomes showed a range of gene duplication, resulting in clusters of 1 to >15 omcin-like genes. We hereby identified a new gene family specific to teleost that include a microbial induced gene which confers resistance to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Naruoka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Souhei Sakata
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kawabata
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hashiguchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Eriko Daikoku
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Shoichi Sakaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Okazaki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Japan
| | - Kento Yoshikawa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - John F. Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Hirose
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Fumihito Ono
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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2
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Inaba M. Optogenetic techniques for understanding the gut peristalsis during chicken embryonic development. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1727-1735. [PMID: 39051133 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Gut peristaltic movements transport ingested materials along the gut axis, which is critical for food digestion and nutrient absorption. While a large amount of studies have been devoted to analyzing the physiological functions of peristalsis in adults, little is known about how the peristaltic system is established during embryogenesis. In recent years, the chicken developing gut has emerged as an excellent model, in which specific sites along the gut axis can be genetically labeled enabling live imaging and optogenetic analyses. This review provides an overview of recent progress in optogenetic studies of gut peristalsis. Analyses with an improved channelrhodopsin-2 variant demonstrated that the peristalsis can artificially be generated in the developing gut. These studies unveiled novel functional coordination between different regions along the gut axis. In addition, imaging with GCaMP6s, a genetically encoded calcium indicator, enabled a fine mapping of developmental changes in the peristaltic patterns as Ca2+ signals. These advanced techniques will broaden our knowledge of how embryonic peristalsis is established at the cellular and molecular level, leading to the understanding of physiological and pathological processes in adult peristalsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Inaba
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Fujita Y, Kosakamoto H, Obata F. Microbiota-derived acetylcholine can promote gut motility in Drosophila melanogaster. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230075. [PMID: 38497270 PMCID: PMC10945411 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is crucial for intestinal health, including gastrointestinal (GI) motility. How commensal bacterial species influence GI motility has not been fully elucidated. A major factor of GI motility is the gut contraction promoting the propulsive movement of orally ingested materials. Here, we developed a method to monitor and quantify gut contractions in living Drosophila melanogaster larvae. We found that the culture medium of an isolated strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lsi promoted gut contraction in vivo, which was not observed in Leuconostoc sp. Leui nor Acetobacter persici Ai culture medium. To identify bacteria-derived metabolites, we performed metabolome analysis of the culture media by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Of the 66 metabolites detected, we found that some metabolites changed in a species-specific manner. Among them, acetylcholine was specifically produced by L. plantarum. Feeding exogenous acetylcholine increased the frequency of gut contractions, which was blocked by D-tubocurarine, an inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In this study, we propose a mechanism by which the gut microbiota influences Drosophila gut motility. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Fujita
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hina Kosakamoto
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Obata
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Akram N, Faisal Z, Irfan R, Shah YA, Batool SA, Zahid T, Zulfiqar A, Fatima A, Jahan Q, Tariq H, Saeed F, Ahmed A, Asghar A, Ateeq H, Afzaal M, Khan MR. Exploring the serotonin-probiotics-gut health axis: A review of current evidence and potential mechanisms. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:694-706. [PMID: 38370053 PMCID: PMC10867509 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulatory effects of serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) have been seen in hepatic, neurological/psychiatric, and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to their host. Recent research has suggested that probiotics can promote serotonin signaling, a crucial pathway in the regulation of mood, cognition, and other physiological processes. Reviewing the literature, we find that peripheral serotonin increases nutrient uptake and storage, regulates the composition of the gut microbiota, and is involved in mediating neuronal disorders. This review explores the mechanisms underlying the probiotic-mediated increase in serotonin signaling, highlighting the role of gut microbiota in the regulation of serotonin production and the modulation of neurotransmitter receptors. Additionally, this review discusses the potential clinical implications of probiotics as a therapeutic strategy for disorders associated with altered serotonin signaling, such as GI and neurological disorders. Overall, this review demonstrates the potential of probiotics as a promising avenue for the treatment of serotonin-related disorders and signaling of serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Akram
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Zargham Faisal
- Department of Human NutritionBahauddin Zakariya University MultanMultanPakistan
| | - Rushba Irfan
- Faculty of Food Nutrition & Home SciencesUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Natural & Medical Science Research CenterUniversity of NizwaNizwaOman
| | - Syeda Ayesha Batool
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Toobaa Zahid
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aqsa Zulfiqar
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Areeja Fatima
- National Institute of Food Science & TechnologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Qudsia Jahan
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hira Tariq
- Department of Food and NutritionGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Aasma Asghar
- Department of Nutritional SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Huda Ateeq
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Mahbubur Rahman Khan
- Department of Food Processing and PreservationHajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology UniversityDinajpurBangladesh
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Cassidy RM, Flores EM, Trinh Nguyen AK, Cheruvu SS, Uribe RA, Krachler AM, Odem MA. Systematic analysis of proximal midgut- and anorectal-originating contractions in larval zebrafish using event feature detection and supervised machine learning algorithms. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14675. [PMID: 37743702 PMCID: PMC10841157 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zebrafish larvae are translucent, allowing in vivo analysis of gut development and physiology, including gut motility. While recent progress has been made in measuring gut motility in larvae, challenges remain which can influence results, such as how data are interpreted, opportunities for technical user error, and inconsistencies in methods. METHODS To overcome these challenges, we noninvasively introduced Nile Red fluorescent dye to fill the intraluminal gut space in zebrafish larvae and collected serial confocal microscopic images of gut fluorescence. We automated the detection of fluorescent-contrasted contraction events against the median-subtracted signal and compared it to manually annotated gut contraction events across anatomically defined gut regions. Supervised machine learning (multiple logistic regression) was then used to discriminate between true contraction events and noise. To demonstrate, we analyzed motility in larvae under control and reserpine-treated conditions. We also used automated event detection analysis to compare unfed and fed larvae. KEY RESULTS Automated analysis retained event features for proximal midgut-originating retrograde and anterograde contractions and anorectal-originating retrograde contractions. While manual annotation showed reserpine disrupted gut motility, machine learning only achieved equivalent contraction discrimination in controls and failed to accurately identify contractions after reserpine due to insufficient intraluminal fluorescence. Automated analysis also showed feeding had no effect on the frequency of anorectal-originating contractions. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Automated event detection analysis rapidly and accurately annotated contraction events, including the previously neglected phenomenon of anorectal contractions. However, challenges remain to discriminate contraction events based on intraluminal fluorescence under treatment conditions that disrupt functional motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Cassidy
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern
Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erika M. Flores
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern
Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anh K. Trinh Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern
Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sai S. Cheruvu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology,
McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rosa A. Uribe
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX
77005, USA
| | - Anne Marie Krachler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern
Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Max A. Odem
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern
Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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6
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Laranjeira IM, Dias ACP, Pinto-Ribeiro FL. Genista tridentata Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Activities: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1387. [PMID: 37997986 PMCID: PMC10669091 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Genista tridentata (L.) Willk., known as "prickled broom", is a Leguminosae (Fabaceae) species native to the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. It is used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, for gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders, rheumatism, and headaches, to lower blood pressure, against hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the bioactivities and phytochemical profile of Genista tridentata to understand its pharmacological potential. For this, four electronic databases (PubMed, GoogleScholar, Repositórios Cientificos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCCAP), and ScienceDirect) were searched from inception up to 31 December 2022. From a total of 264 potentially eligible studies considered for screening, 34 papers were considered eligible for this systematic review. The sampling included 71 extracts, collected mainly in Portugal. Genista tridentata extracts present a high level of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The flowers and aerial parts of the plant were the most studied, and aqueous extracts were the most used. The results predict a high potential for the application of Genista tridentata as a new source of natural antioxidants and preservatives for the food industry with subsequent health benefits, such as the production of nutraceuticals. Moreover, the results indicate that the plant can be collected at all seasons of the year, which represents a benefit for the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Martins Laranjeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
- CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Alberto Carlos Pires Dias
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipa Lacerda Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
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7
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Sharkey KA, Mawe GM. The enteric nervous system. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1487-1564. [PMID: 36521049 PMCID: PMC9970663 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Of all the organ systems in the body, the gastrointestinal tract is the most complicated in terms of the numbers of structures involved, each with different functions, and the numbers and types of signaling molecules utilized. The digestion of food and absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, and water occurs in a hostile luminal environment that contains a large and diverse microbiota. At the core of regulatory control of the digestive and defensive functions of the gastrointestinal tract is the enteric nervous system (ENS), a complex system of neurons and glia in the gut wall. In this review, we discuss 1) the intrinsic neural control of gut functions involved in digestion and 2) how the ENS interacts with the immune system, gut microbiota, and epithelium to maintain mucosal defense and barrier function. We highlight developments that have revolutionized our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of enteric neural control. These include a new understanding of the molecular architecture of the ENS, the organization and function of enteric motor circuits, and the roles of enteric glia. We explore the transduction of luminal stimuli by enteroendocrine cells, the regulation of intestinal barrier function by enteric neurons and glia, local immune control by the ENS, and the role of the gut microbiota in regulating the structure and function of the ENS. Multifunctional enteric neurons work together with enteric glial cells, macrophages, interstitial cells, and enteroendocrine cells integrating an array of signals to initiate outputs that are precisely regulated in space and time to control digestion and intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary M Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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8
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Leven P, Schneider R, Siemens KD, Jackson WS, Wehner S. Application of a RiboTag-based approach to generate and analyze mRNA from enteric neural cells. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14309. [PMID: 34939271 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptional profiling of specific intestinal cell populations under health and disease is generally based on traditional sorting approaches followed by gene expression analysis. Therein, specific cell populations are identified either by expressing reporter genes under a cell type-specific promotor or by specific surface antigens. This method provides adequate results for blood-derived and tissue-resident immune cells. However, in stromal cell analysis, cellular stress due to digestion often results in degraded RNA. Particularly, ramified cells integrated into the tissue, such as enteric neurons and glial cells, suffer from these procedures. These cell types are involved in various intestinal processes, including a prominent immune-regulatory role, which requires suitable approaches to generate cell-specific transcriptional profiles. METHODS Sox10iCreERT2 and choline acetyltransferase (ChATCre ) mice were crossed with mice labeling the ribosomal Rpl22 protein upon Cre activity with a hemagglutinin tag (Rpl22-HA, termed RiboTag). This approach enabled cellular targeting of enteric glia and neurons and the immediate isolation of cell-specific mRNA from tissue lysates without the need for cell sorting. KEY RESULTS We verified the specific expression of Rpl22-HA in enteric glia and neurons and provided gene expression data demonstrating a successful enrichment of either Sox-10+ glial or ChAT+ neuronal mRNAs by the RiboTag-mRNA procedure using qPCR and RNA-Seq analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES We present a robust and selective protocol that allows the generation of cell type-specific transcriptional in vivo snapshots of distinct enteric cell populations that will be especially useful for various intestinal disease models involving peripheral neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Leven
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Kevin D Siemens
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Walker S Jackson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sven Wehner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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9
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Liu J, Kasuya G, Zempo B, Nakajo K. Two HCN4 Channels Play Functional Roles in the Zebrafish Heart. Front Physiol 2022; 13:901571. [PMID: 35846012 PMCID: PMC9281569 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.901571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The HCN4 channel is essential for heart rate regulation in vertebrates by generating pacemaker potentials in the sinoatrial node. HCN4 channel abnormality may cause bradycardia and sick sinus syndrome, making it an important target for clinical research and drug discovery. The zebrafish is a popular animal model for cardiovascular research. They are potentially suitable for studying inherited heart diseases, including cardiac arrhythmia. However, it has not been determined how similar the ion channels that underlie cardiac automaticity are in zebrafish and humans. In the case of HCN4, humans have one gene, whereas zebrafish have two ortholog genes (DrHCN4 and DrHCN4L; ‘Dr’ referring to Danio rerio). However, it is not known whether the two HCN4 channels have different physiological functions and roles in heart rate regulation. In this study, we characterized the biophysical properties of the two zebrafish HCN4 channels in Xenopus oocytes and compared them to those of the human HCN4 channel. We found that they showed different gating properties: DrHCN4L currents showed faster activation kinetics and a more positively shifted G-V curve than did DrHCN4 and human HCN4 currents. We made chimeric channels of DrHCN4 and DrHCN4L and found that cytoplasmic domains were determinants for the faster activation and the positively shifted G-V relationship in DrHCN4L. The use of a dominant-negative HCN4 mutant confirmed that DrHCN4 and DrHCN4L can form a heteromultimeric channel in Xenopus oocytes. Next, we confirmed that both are sensitive to common HCN channel inhibitors/blockers including Cs+, ivabradine, and ZD7288. These HCN inhibitors successfully lowered zebrafish heart rate during early embryonic stages. Finally, we knocked down the HCN4 genes using antisense morpholino and found that knocking down either or both of the HCN4 channels caused a temporal decrease in heart rate and tended to cause pericardial edema. These findings suggest that both DrHCN4 and DrHCN4L play a significant role in zebrafish heart rate regulation.
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10
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Peters CH, Singh RK, Bankston JR, Proenza C. Regulation of HCN Channels by Protein Interactions. Front Physiol 2022; 13:928507. [PMID: 35795651 PMCID: PMC9251338 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.928507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-sensitive (HCN) channels are key regulators of subthreshold membrane potentials in excitable cells. The four mammalian HCN channel isoforms, HCN1-HCN4, are expressed throughout the body, where they contribute to diverse physiological processes including cardiac pacemaking, sleep-wakefulness cycles, memory, and somatic sensation. While all HCN channel isoforms produce currents when expressed by themselves, an emerging list of interacting proteins shape HCN channel excitability to influence the physiologically relevant output. The best studied of these regulatory proteins is the auxiliary subunit, TRIP8b, which binds to multiple sites in the C-terminus of the HCN channels to regulate expression and disrupt cAMP binding to fine-tune neuronal HCN channel excitability. Less is known about the mechanisms of action of other HCN channel interaction partners like filamin A, Src tyrosine kinase, and MinK-related peptides, which have a range of effects on HCN channel gating and expression. More recently, the inositol trisphosphate receptor-associated cGMP-kinase substrates IRAG1 and LRMP (also known as IRAG2), were discovered as specific regulators of the HCN4 isoform. This review summarizes the known protein interaction partners of HCN channels and their mechanisms of action and identifies gaps in our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin H. Peters
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rohit K. Singh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - John R. Bankston
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Catherine Proenza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Catherine Proenza,
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11
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Benzoni P, Bertoli G, Giannetti F, Piantoni C, Milanesi R, Pecchiari M, Barbuti A, Baruscotti M, Bucchi A. The funny current: Even funnier than 40 years ago. Uncanonical expression and roles of HCN/f channels all over the body. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 166:189-204. [PMID: 34400215 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Discovered some 40 years ago, the If current has since been known as the "pacemaker" current due to its role in the initiation and modulation of the heartbeat and of neuronal excitability. But this is not all, the funny current keeps entertaining the researchers; indeed, several data discovering novel and uncanonical roles of f/HCN channel are quickly accumulating. In the present review, we provide an overview of the expression and cellular functions of HCN/f channels in a variety of systems/organs, and particularly in sour taste transduction, hormones secretion, activation of astrocytes and microglia, inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, renal ammonium excretion, and peristalsis in the gastrointestinal and urine systems. We also analyzed the role of HCN channels in sustaining cellular respiration in mitochondria and their participation to mitophagy under specific conditions. The relevance of HCN currents in undifferentiated cells, and specifically in the control of stem cell cycle and in bioelectrical signals driving left/right asymmetry during zygote development, is also considered. Finally, we present novel data concerning the expression of HCN mRNA in human leukocytes. We can thus conclude that the emerging evidence presented in this review clearly points to an increasing interest and importance of the "funny" current that goes beyond its role in cardiac sinoatrial and neuronal excitability regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Benzoni
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bertoli
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Giannetti
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Piantoni
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy; Present Address: Institute of Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Raffaella Milanesi
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy; Present Address: Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Matteo Pecchiari
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbuti
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Baruscotti
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bucchi
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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12
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Keshmiri Neghab H, Soheilifar MH, Grusch M, Ortega MM, Esmaeeli Djavid G, Saboury AA, Goliaei B. The state of the art of biomedical applications of optogenetics. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 54:202-216. [PMID: 34363230 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Optogenetics has opened new insights into biomedical research with the ability to manipulate and control cellular activity using light in combination with genetically engineered photosensitive proteins. By stimulating with light, this method provides high spatiotemporal and high specificity resolution, which is in contrast to conventional pharmacological or electrical stimulation. Optogenetics was initially introduced to control neural activities but was gradually extended to other biomedical fields. STUDY DESIGN In this paper, firstly, we summarize the current optogenetic tools stimulated by different light sources, including lasers, light-emitting diodes, and laser diodes. Second, we outline the variety of biomedical applications of optogenetics not only for neuronal circuits but also for various kinds of cells and tissues from cardiomyocytes to ganglion cells. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of this technique for treating neurological disorders, cardiac arrhythmia, visual impairment, hearing loss, and urinary bladder diseases as well as clarify the mechanisms underlying cancer progression and control of stem cell differentiation. CONCLUSION We sought to summarize the various types of promising applications of optogenetics to treat a broad spectrum of disorders. It is conceivable to expect that optogenetics profits a growing number of patients suffering from a range of different diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Keshmiri Neghab
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Michael Grusch
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manoela Marques Ortega
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gholamreza Esmaeeli Djavid
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Goliaei
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Liu D, Song AT, Qi X, van Vliet PP, Xiao J, Xiong F, Andelfinger G, Nattel S. Cohesin-protein Shugoshin-1 controls cardiac automaticity via HCN4 pacemaker channel. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2551. [PMID: 33953173 PMCID: PMC8100125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous cardiac pacemaker function regulates the rate and rhythm of cardiac contraction. The mutation p.Lys23Glu in the cohesin protein Shugoshin-1 causes severe heart arrhythmias due to sinoatrial node dysfunction and a debilitating gastrointestinal motility disorder, collectively termed the Chronic Atrial and Intestinal Dysrhythmia Syndrome, linking Shugoshin-1 and pacemaker activity. Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel 4 (HCN4) is the predominant pacemaker ion-channel in the adult heart and carries the majority of the "funny" current, which strongly contributes to diastolic depolarization in pacemaker cells. Here, we study the mechanism by which Shugoshin-1 affects cardiac pacing activity with two cell models: neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and Chronic Atrial and Intestinal Dysrhythmia Syndrome patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. We find that Shugoshin-1 interacts directly with HCN4 to promote and stabilize cardiac pacing. This interaction enhances funny-current by optimizing HCN4 cell-surface expression and function. The clinical p.Lys23Glu mutation leads to an impairment in the interaction between Shugoshin-1 and HCN4, along with depressed funny-current and dysrhythmic activity in induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes derived from Chronic Atrial and Intestinal Dysrhythmia Syndrome patients. Our work reveals a critical non-canonical, cohesin-independent role for Shugoshin-1 in maintaining cardiac automaticity and identifies potential therapeutic avenues for cardiac pacemaking disorders, in particular Chronic Atrial and Intestinal Dysrhythmia Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Liu
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew Taehun Song
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Qi
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Piet van Vliet
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) INSERM, Marseille, France
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jiening Xiao
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Feng Xiong
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Montreal Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
- IHU LIRYC Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France.
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14
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Jones BS, Keightley LJ, Harris JO, Wiklendt L, Spencer NJ, Dinning PG. Identification of neurogenic intestinal motility patterns in silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) that persist over wide temperature ranges. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14037. [PMID: 33340207 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish are increasingly being utilized as a model species for genetic manipulation studies related to gastrointestinal (GI) motility. Our aim was to identify whether patterns of GI motility in fish and the mechanisms underlying their generation are similar to those recorded from mammals (including humans). METHODS The entire intestine was removed from euthanized adult Silver Perch (n = 11) and lesioned at the midway point to obtain two equal lengths. Proximal and distal segments were studied separately in organ baths with oxygenated Krebs solution, maintained at either 15°C (n = 5) or 25°C (n = 6). Motility was analyzed during rest, after oral infusion of Krebs solution, and after application of hexamethonium (100 µM) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) (0.6 µM). KEY RESULTS Antegrade and retrograde propagating contractions (PC) were recorded in all preparations. In the proximal intestine, at 15 and 25°C, retrograde PCs occurred at 2.7 [1.7-4.5] and 3.1 [1.6-6.5] times the frequency of antegrade PCs, respectively. Colder temperatures did not inhibit PC frequency. Hexamethonium did not inhibit PC, and however, TTX abolished all contractile activity. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Both neurogenic antegrade and retrograde propagating contractions occur throughout the intestine of Silver Perch. However, unlike the mammalian colon, these motor patterns do not require enteric nicotinic transmission and they are not inhibited by cold temperatures (15°C). Therefore, while the GI motility patterns in Silver Perch resemble those recorded from the colon of mammals, there may be differences in the mechanisms that underlying their generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Jones
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lauren J Keightley
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James O Harris
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lukasz Wiklendt
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nick J Spencer
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Phil G Dinning
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Surgery and Gastroenterology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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15
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Johnson AC, Louwies T, Ligon CO, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Enlightening the frontiers of neurogastroenterology through optogenetics. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G391-G399. [PMID: 32755304 PMCID: PMC7717115 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00384.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurogastroenterology refers to the study of the extrinsic and intrinsic nervous system circuits controlling the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Over the past 5-10 yr there has been an explosion in novel methodologies, technologies and approaches that offer great promise to advance our understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying GI function in health and disease. This review focuses on the use of optogenetics combined with electrophysiology in the field of neurogastroenterology. We discuss how these technologies and tools are currently being used to explore the brain-gut axis and debate the future research potential and limitations of these techniques. Taken together, we consider that the use of these technologies will enable researchers to answer important questions in neurogastroenterology through fundamental research. The answers to those questions will shorten the path from basic discovery to new treatments for patient populations with disorders of the brain-gut axis affecting the GI tract such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia, achalasia, and delayed gastric emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C. Johnson
- 1Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,2Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,3Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tijs Louwies
- 1Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Casey O. Ligon
- 1Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- 1Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,2Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,4Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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