1
|
Niibori-Nambu A, Wang CQ, Chin DWL, Chooi JY, Hosoi H, Sonoki T, Tham CY, Nah GSS, Cirovic B, Tan DQ, Takizawa H, Sashida G, Goh Y, Tng J, Fam WN, Fullwood MJ, Suda T, Yang H, Tergaonkar V, Taniuchi I, Li S, Chng WJ, Osato M. Integrin-α9 overexpression underlies the niche-independent maintenance of leukemia stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Gene 2024; 928:148761. [PMID: 39002785 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are widely believed to reside in well-characterized bone marrow (BM) niches; however, the capacity of the BM niches to accommodate LSCs is insufficient, and a significant proportion of LSCs are instead maintained in regions outside the BM. The molecular basis for this niche-independent behavior of LSCs remains elusive. Here, we show that integrin-α9 overexpression (ITGA9 OE) plays a pivotal role in the extramedullary maintenance of LSCs by molecularly mimicking the niche-interacting status, through the binding with its soluble ligand, osteopontin (OPN). Retroviral insertional mutagenesis conducted on leukemia-prone Runx-deficient mice identified Itga9 OE as a novel leukemogenic event. Itga9 OE activates Akt and p38MAPK signaling pathways. The elevated Myc expression subsequently enhances ribosomal biogenesis to overcome the cell integrity defect caused by the preexisting Runx alteration. The Itga9-Myc axis, originally discovered in mice, was further confirmed in multiple human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtypes, other than RUNX leukemias. In addition, ITGA9 was shown to be a functional LSC marker of the best prognostic value among 14 known LSC markers tested. Notably, the binding of ITGA9 with soluble OPN, a known negative regulator against HSC activation, induced LSC dormancy, while the disruption of ITGA9-soluble OPN interaction caused rapid cell propagation. These findings suggest that the ITGA9 OE increases both actively proliferating leukemia cells and dormant LSCs in a well-balanced manner, thereby maintaining LSCs. The ITGA9 OE would serve as a novel therapeutic target in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Niibori-Nambu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Tumor Genetics and Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Chelsia Qiuxia Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Desmond Wai Loon Chin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Yuan Chooi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiroki Hosoi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Sonoki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Cheng-Yong Tham
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giselle Sek Suan Nah
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Branko Cirovic
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Darren Qiancheng Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Goro Sashida
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yufen Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiaqi Tng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Nih Fam
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melissa Jane Fullwood
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Institute of Hematology, Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shang Li
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Motomi Osato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of General Internal Medicine, Kumamoto Kenhoku Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee K, Barone M, Waterbury AL, Jiang H, Nam E, DuBois-Coyne SE, Whedon SD, Wang ZA, Caroli J, Neal K, Ibeabuchi B, Dhoondia Z, Kuroda MI, Liau BB, Beck S, Mattevi A, Cole PA. Uncoupling histone modification crosstalk by engineering lysine demethylase LSD1. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01671-9. [PMID: 38965385 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Biochemical crosstalk between two or more histone modifications is often observed in epigenetic enzyme regulation, but its functional significance in cells has been difficult to discern. Previous enzymatic studies revealed that Lys14 acetylation of histone H3 can inhibit Lys4 demethylation by lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). In the present study, we engineered a mutant form of LSD1, Y391K, which renders the nucleosome demethylase activity of LSD1 insensitive to Lys14 acetylation. K562 cells with the Y391K LSD1 CRISPR knockin show decreased expression of a set of genes associated with cellular adhesion and myeloid leukocyte activation. Chromatin profiling revealed that the cis-regulatory regions of these silenced genes display a higher level of H3 Lys14 acetylation, and edited K562 cells show diminished H3 mono-methyl Lys4 near these silenced genes, consistent with a role for enhanced LSD1 demethylase activity. These findings illuminate the functional consequences of disconnecting histone modification crosstalk for a key epigenetic enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwangwoon Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Barone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amanda L Waterbury
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hanjie Jiang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eunju Nam
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E DuBois-Coyne
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel D Whedon
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhipeng A Wang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonatan Caroli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Katherine Neal
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Ibeabuchi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zuzer Dhoondia
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mitzi I Kuroda
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian B Liau
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Beck
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Philip A Cole
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen X, Wang L, Yang M, Zhao W, Tu J, Liu B, Yuan X. RUNX transcription factors: biological functions and implications in cancer. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:50. [PMID: 38430423 PMCID: PMC10908630 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) are a family of transcription factors that are essential for normal and malignant hematopoietic processes. Their most widely recognized role in malignancy is to promote the occurrence and development of acute myeloid leukemia. However, it is worth noting that during the last decade, studies of RUNX proteins in solid tumors have made considerable progress, suggesting that these proteins are directly involved in different stages of tumor development, including tumor initiation, progression, and invasion. RUNX proteins also play a role in tumor angiogenesis, the maintenance of tumor cell stemness, and resistance to antitumor drugs. These findings have led to the consideration of RUNX as a tumor biomarker. All RUNX proteins are involved in the occurrence and development of solid tumors, but the role of each RUNX protein in different tumors and the major signaling pathways involved are complicated by tumor heterogeneity and the interacting tumor microenvironment. Understanding how the dysregulation of RUNX in tumors affects normal biological processes is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which RUNX affects malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingyao Tu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Road 1095, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhattachan P, Jeschke MG. SINGLE-CELL TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. Shock 2024; 61:19-27. [PMID: 37962963 PMCID: PMC10883422 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The analysis of the single-cell transcriptome has emerged as a powerful tool to gain insights on the basic mechanisms of health and disease. It is widely used to reveal the cellular diversity and complexity of tissues at cellular resolution by RNA sequencing of the whole transcriptome from a single cell. Equally, it is applied to discover an unknown, rare population of cells in the tissue. The prime advantage of single-cell transcriptome analysis is the detection of stochastic nature of gene expression of the cell in tissue. Moreover, the availability of multiple platforms for the single-cell transcriptome has broadened its approaches to using cells of different sizes and shapes, including the capture of short or full-length transcripts, which is helpful in the analysis of challenging biological samples. And with the development of numerous packages in R and Python, new directions in the computational analysis of single-cell transcriptomes can be taken to characterize healthy versus diseased tissues to obtain novel pathological insights. Downstream analysis such as differential gene expression analysis, gene ontology term analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, cell-cell interaction analysis, and trajectory analysis has become standard practice in the workflow of single-cell transcriptome analysis to further examine the biology of different cell types. Here, we provide a broad overview of single-cell transcriptome analysis in health and disease conditions currently applied in various studies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tatwavedi D, Pellagatti A, Boultwood J. Recent advances in the application of induced pluripotent stem cell technology to the study of myeloid malignancies. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:100993. [PMID: 37827894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Acquired myeloid malignancies are a spectrum of clonal disorders known to be caused by sequential acquisition of genetic lesions in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, leading to their aberrant self-renewal and differentiation. The increasing use of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to study myeloid malignancies has helped usher a paradigm shift in approaches to disease modeling and drug discovery, especially when combined with gene-editing technology. The process of reprogramming allows for the capture of the diversity of genetic lesions and mutational burden found in primary patient samples into individual stable iPSC lines. Patient-derived iPSC lines, owing to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity, can thus be a homogenous source of disease relevant material that allow for the study of disease pathogenesis using various functional read-outs. Furthermore, genome editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 enable the study of the stepwise progression from normal to malignant hematopoiesis through the introduction of specific driver mutations, individually or in combination, to create isogenic lines for comparison. In this review, we survey the current use of iPSCs to model acquired myeloid malignancies including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), acute myeloid leukemia and MDS/MPN overlap syndromes. The use of iPSCs has enabled the interrogation of the underlying mechanism of initiation and progression driving these diseases. It has also made drug testing, repurposing, and the discovery of novel therapies for these diseases possible in a high throughput setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharamveer Tatwavedi
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Coleman DJL, Keane P, Luque-Martin R, Chin PS, Blair H, Ames L, Kellaway SG, Griffin J, Holmes E, Potluri S, Assi SA, Bushweller J, Heidenreich O, Cockerill PN, Bonifer C. Gene regulatory network analysis predicts cooperating transcription factor regulons required for FLT3-ITD+ AML growth. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113568. [PMID: 38104314 PMCID: PMC10874628 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease caused by different mutations. Previously, we showed that each mutational subtype develops its specific gene regulatory network (GRN) with transcription factors interacting within multiple gene modules, many of which are transcription factor genes themselves. Here, we hypothesize that highly connected nodes within such networks comprise crucial regulators of AML maintenance. We test this hypothesis using FLT3-ITD-mutated AML as a model and conduct an shRNA drop-out screen informed by this analysis. We show that AML-specific GRNs predict crucial regulatory modules required for AML growth. Furthermore, our work shows that all modules are highly connected and regulate each other. The careful multi-omic analysis of the role of one (RUNX1) module by shRNA and chemical inhibition shows that this transcription factor and its target genes stabilize the GRN of FLT3-ITD+ AML and that its removal leads to GRN collapse and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J L Coleman
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter Keane
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Rosario Luque-Martin
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Paulynn S Chin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Helen Blair
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Luke Ames
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sophie G Kellaway
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - James Griffin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elizabeth Holmes
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sandeep Potluri
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Salam A Assi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - John Bushweller
- University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Prinses Máxima Centrum for Pediatric Oncology, Postbus 113, 3720 AC Bilthoven, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter N Cockerill
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yonezawa T, Takahashi H, Hao Y, Furukawa C, Tsuchiya A, Zhang W, Fukushima T, Fukuyama T, Sawasaki T, Kitamura T, Goyama S. The E3 ligase DTX2 inhibits RUNX1 function by binding its C terminus and prevents the growth of RUNX1-dependent leukemia cells. FEBS J 2023; 290:5141-5157. [PMID: 37500075 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor RUNX1 plays important roles in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. RUNX1 function is tightly controlled through posttranslational modifications, including ubiquitination and acetylation. However, its regulation via ubiquitination, especially proteasome-independent ubiquitination, is poorly understood. We previously identified DTX2 as a RUNX1-interacting E3 ligase using a cell-free AlphaScreen assay. In this study, we examined whether DTX2 is involved in the regulation of RUNX1 using in vitro and ex vivo analyses. DTX2 bound to RUNX1 and other RUNX family members RUNX2 and RUNX3 through their C-terminal region. DTX2-induced RUNX1 ubiquitination did not result in RUNX1 protein degradation. Instead, we found that the acetylation of RUNX1, which is known to enhance the transcriptional activity of RUNX1, was inhibited in the presence of DTX2. Concomitantly, DTX2 reduced the RUNX1-induced activation of an MCSFR luciferase reporter. We also found that DTX2 induced RUNX1 cytoplasmic mislocalization. Moreover, DTX2 overexpression showed a substantial growth-inhibitory effect in RUNX1-dependent leukemia cell lines. Thus, our findings indicate a novel aspect of the ubiquitination and acetylation of RUNX1 that is modulated by DTX2 in a proteosome-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Yonezawa
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yangying Hao
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Furukawa
- Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Akiho Tsuchiya
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofusa Fukuyama
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawasaki
- Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bae SG, Kim HJ, Kim MY, Kim DDH, Shin SI, Ahn JS, Park J. Identification of Cell Type-Specific Effects of DNMT3A Mutations on Relapse in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cells 2023; 46:611-626. [PMID: 37853686 PMCID: PMC10590706 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease caused by distinctive mutations in individual patients; therefore, each patient may display different cell-type compositions. Although most patients with AML achieve complete remission (CR) through intensive chemotherapy, the likelihood of relapse remains high. Several studies have attempted to characterize the genetic and cellular heterogeneity of AML; however, our understanding of the cellular heterogeneity of AML remains limited. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells obtained from same patients at different AML stages (diagnosis, CR, and relapse). We found that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at diagnosis were abnormal compared to normal HSCs. By improving the detection of the DNMT3A R882 mutation with targeted scRNAseq, we identified that DNMT3A-mutant cells that mainly remained were granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) or lymphoid-primed multipotential progenitors (LMPPs) from CR to relapse and that DNMT3A-mutant cells have gene signatures related to AML and leukemic cells. Copy number variation analysis at the single-cell level indicated that the cell type that possesses DNMT3A mutations is an important factor in AML relapse and that GMP and LMPP cells can affect relapse in patients with AML. This study advances our understanding of the role of DNMT3A in AML relapse and our approach can be applied to predict treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Gyeong Bae
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Hyeoung-Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Genomic Research Center for Hematopoietic Diseases, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Dennis Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - So-I Shin
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Jae-Sook Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Genomic Research Center for Hematopoietic Diseases, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Jihwan Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Coleman DJL, Keane P, Luque-Martin R, Chin PS, Blair H, Ames L, Kellaway SG, Griffin J, Holmes E, Potluri S, Assi SA, Bushweller J, Heidenreich O, Cockerill PN, Bonifer C. Gene regulatory network analysis predicts cooperating transcription factor regulons required for FLT3-ITD+ AML growth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.18.549495. [PMID: 37503022 PMCID: PMC10370108 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.18.549495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
AML is a heterogenous disease caused by different mutations. We have previously shown that each mutational sub-type develops its specific gene regulatory network (GRN) with transcription factors interacting with multiple gene modules, many of which are transcription factor genes themselves. Here we hypothesized that highly connected nodes within such networks comprise crucial regulators of AML maintenance. We tested this hypothesis using FLT3-ITD mutated AML as a model and conducted an shRNA drop-out screen informed by this analysis. We show that AML-specific GRNs predict identifying crucial regulatory modules required for AML but not normal cellular growth. Furthermore, our work shows that all modules are highly connected and regulate each other. The careful multi-omic analysis of the role of one (RUNX1) module by shRNA and chemical inhibition shows that this transcription factor and its target genes stabilize the GRN of FLT3-ITD AML and that its removal leads to GRN collapse and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J L Coleman
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Peter Keane
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Rosario Luque-Martin
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Paulynn S Chin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Helen Blair
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Luke Ames
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Sophie G Kellaway
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - James Griffin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Elizabeth Holmes
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Sandeep Potluri
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Salam A Assi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - John Bushweller
- University of Virginia, 1340 Jefferson Park Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Prinses Máxima Centrum for Pediatric Oncology, Postbus 113, 3720 AC Bilthoven, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter N Cockerill
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kotini AG, Carcamo S, Cruz-Rodriguez N, Olszewska M, Wang T, Demircioglu D, Chang CJ, Bernard E, Chao MP, Majeti R, Luo H, Kharas MG, Hasson D, Papapetrou EP. Patient-Derived iPSCs Faithfully Represent the Genetic Diversity and Cellular Architecture of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Blood Cancer Discov 2023; 4:318-335. [PMID: 37067914 PMCID: PMC10320625 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-22-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells into induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines could provide new faithful genetic models of AML, but is currently hindered by low success rates and uncertainty about whether iPSC-derived cells resemble their primary counterparts. Here we developed a reprogramming method tailored to cancer cells, with which we generated iPSCs from 15 patients representing all major genetic groups of AML. These AML-iPSCs retain genetic fidelity and produce transplantable hematopoietic cells with hallmark phenotypic leukemic features. Critically, single-cell transcriptomics reveal that, upon xenotransplantation, iPSC-derived leukemias faithfully mimic the primary patient-matched xenografts. Transplantation of iPSC-derived leukemias capturing a clone and subclone from the same patient allowed us to isolate the contribution of a FLT3-ITD mutation to the AML phenotype. The results and resources reported here can transform basic and preclinical cancer research of AML and other human cancers. SIGNIFICANCE We report the generation of patient-derived iPSC models of all major genetic groups of human AML. These exhibit phenotypic hallmarks of AML in vitro and in vivo, inform the clonal hierarchy and clonal dynamics of human AML, and exhibit striking similarity to patient-matched primary leukemias upon xenotransplantation. See related commentary by Doulatov, p. 252. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 247.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andriana G. Kotini
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Saul Carcamo
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Bioinformatics for Next-Generation Sequencing Shared Resource Facility, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nataly Cruz-Rodriguez
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Malgorzata Olszewska
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Tiansu Wang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Deniz Demircioglu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Bioinformatics for Next-Generation Sequencing Shared Resource Facility, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Chan-Jung Chang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Elsa Bernard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark P. Chao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Hanzhi Luo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael G. Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dan Hasson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Bioinformatics for Next-Generation Sequencing Shared Resource Facility, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Eirini P. Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Wang J, Wei S, Zhao J, Xin B, Li G, Zhao J, Wu D, Luo M, Zhao S, Chen Y, Liu H, Zhang H, Wang J, Wang W, Wang H, Xiong H, He P. The latest edition of WHO and ELN guidance and a new risk model for Chinese acute myeloid leukemia patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1165445. [PMID: 37435533 PMCID: PMC10332310 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1165445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Diagnosis classification and risk stratification are crucial in the prognosis prediction and treatment selection of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we used a database of 536 AML patients to compare the 4th and 5th WHO classifications and the 2017 and 2022 versions of ELN guidance. Methods AML patients were classified according to the 4th and 5th WHO classifications, as well as the 2017 and 2022 versions of the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) guidance. Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank tests were used for survival analysis. Results The biggest change was that 25 (5.2%), 8 (1.6%), and 1 (0.2%) patients in the AML, not otherwise specified (NOS) group according to the 4th WHO classification, were re-classified into the AML-MR (myelodysplasia-related), KMT2A rearrangement, and NUP98 rearrangement subgroups based on the 5th WHO classification. Referring to the ELN guidance, 16 patients in the favorable group, six patients in the adverse group, and 13 patients in the intermediate group based on the 2017 ELN guidance were re-classified to the intermediate and adverse groups based on the 2022 ELN guidance. Regrettably, the Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the survival of intermediate and adverse groups could not be distinguished well according to either the 2017 or 2022 ELN guidance. To this end, we constructed a risk model for Chinese AML patients, in which the clinical information (age and gender), gene mutations (NPM1, RUNX1, SH2B3, and TP53), and fusions (CBFB::MYH11 and RUNX1::RUNX1T1) were included, and our model could help divide the patients into favorable, intermediate, and adverse groups. Conclusion These results affirmed the clinical value of both WHO and ELN, but a more suitable prognosis model should be established in Chinese cohorts, such as the models we proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Suhua Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Beibei Xin
- Shanghai Yuanqi Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Shanghai Yuanqi Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minna Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijie Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haibo Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Shanghai Yuanqi Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng He
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Yao C, Lin C, Chen C, Hsu C, Tsai C, Hou H, Chou W, Tien H. Higher RUNX1 expression levels are associated with worse overall and leukaemia-free survival in myelodysplastic syndrome patients. EJHAEM 2022; 3:1209-1219. [PMID: 36467848 PMCID: PMC9713038 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
RUNX1 mutations are frequently detected in various myeloid neoplasms and implicate unfavourable clinical outcomes in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). On the other hand, high expression of RUNX1 is also correlated with poor prognosis in AML patients. However, the clinical relevancy of RUNX1 expression in MDS patients remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic and biologic impacts of RUNX1 expression in MDS patients. We recruited 341 MDS patients who had sufficient bone marrow samples for next-generation sequencing. Higher RUNX1 expression occurred more frequently in the patients with Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) higher-risk MDS than the lower-risk group. It was closely associated with poor-risk cytogenetics and mutations in ASXL1, NPM1, RUNX1, SRSF2, STAG2, TET2 and TP53. Furthermore, patients with higher RUNX1 expression had significantly shorter leukaemia-free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with lower expression. Subgroups analysis revealed that higher-RUNX1 group consistently had shorter LFS and OS than the lower-RUNX1 group, no matter RUNX1 was mutated or not. The same findings were observed in IPSS-R subgroups. In multivariable analysis, higher RUNX1 expression appeared as an independent adverse risk factor for survival. The prognostic significance of RUNX1 expression was validated in two external public cohorts, GSE 114922 and GSE15061. In summary, we present the characteristics and prognosis of MDS patients with various RUNX1 expressions and propose that RUNX1 expression complement RUNX1 mutation in MDS prognostication, wherein patients with wild RUNX1 but high expression may need more proactive treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Hung Wang
- Division of HematologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics LaboratoryUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Chi‐Yuan Yao
- Division of HematologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Chin Lin
- Division of HematologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical ResearchNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Cheng‐Hong Tsai
- Division of HematologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hsin‐An Hou
- Division of HematologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Chien Chou
- Division of HematologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hwei‐Fang Tien
- Division of HematologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kotmayer L, Romero‐Moya D, Marin‐Bejar O, Kozyra E, Català A, Bigas A, Wlodarski MW, Bödör C, Giorgetti A. GATA2 deficiency and MDS/AML: Experimental strategies for disease modelling and future therapeutic prospects. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:482-495. [PMID: 35753998 PMCID: PMC9796058 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The importance of predisposition to leukaemia in clinical practice is being increasingly recognized. This is emphasized by the establishment of a novel WHO disease category in 2016 called "myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition". A major syndrome within this group is GATA2 deficiency, a heterogeneous immunodeficiency syndrome with a very high lifetime risk to develop myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). GATA2 deficiency has been identified as the most common hereditary cause of MDS in adolescents with monosomy 7. Allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative option; however, chances of survival decrease with progression of immunodeficiency and MDS evolution. Penetrance and expressivity within families carrying GATA2 mutations is often variable, suggesting that co-operating extrinsic events are required to trigger the disease. Predictive tools are lacking, and intrafamilial heterogeneity is poorly understood; hence there is a clear unmet medical need. On behalf of the ERAPerMed GATA2 HuMo consortium, in this review we describe the genetic, clinical, and biological aspects of familial GATA2-related MDS, highlighting the importance of developing robust disease preclinical models to improve early detection and clinical decision-making of GATA2 carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Kotmayer
- HCEMM‐SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer ResearchSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Damia Romero‐Moya
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramInstitut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Oskar Marin‐Bejar
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramInstitut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Emilia Kozyra
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Albert Català
- Department of Hematology and OncologyInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuHospital Sant Joan de DeuBarcelonaSpain,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare DiseasesInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Cancer Research ProgramInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del MarBarcelonaSpain,Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), BadalonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marcin W. Wlodarski
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Department of HematologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Csaba Bödör
- HCEMM‐SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer ResearchSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Alessandra Giorgetti
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramInstitut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain,Fondazione Pisana Per la Scienza ONLUS (FPS)San Giuliano TermeItaly,Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesBarcelona UniversityBarcelonaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Properties of Leukemic Stem Cells in Regulating Drug Resistance in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemias. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081841. [PMID: 36009388 PMCID: PMC9405586 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Notoriously known for their capacity to reconstitute hematological malignancies in vivo, leukemic stem cells (LSCs) represent key drivers of therapeutic resistance and disease relapse, posing as a major medical dilemma. Despite having low abundance in the bulk leukemic population, LSCs have developed unique molecular dependencies and intricate signaling networks to enable self-renewal, quiescence, and drug resistance. To illustrate the multi-dimensional landscape of LSC-mediated leukemogenesis, in this review, we present phenotypical characteristics of LSCs, address the LSC-associated leukemic stromal microenvironment, highlight molecular aberrations that occur in the transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome of LSCs, and showcase promising novel therapeutic strategies that potentially target the molecular vulnerabilities of LSCs.
Collapse
|
15
|
RUNX1 inhibition using lipid nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery as an effective treatment for acute leukemias. Exp Hematol 2022; 112-113:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
16
|
Lin TC. RUNX1 and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Son JS, Park CY, Lee G, Park JY, Kim HJ, Kim G, Chi KY, Woo DH, Han C, Kim SK, Park HJ, Kim DW, Kim JH. Therapeutic correction of hemophilia A using 2D endothelial cells and multicellular 3D organoids derived from CRISPR/Cas9-engineered patient iPSCs. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
18
|
Patient-specific MDS-RS iPSCs define the mis-spliced transcript repertoire and chromatin landscape of SF3B1-mutant HSPCs. Blood Adv 2022; 6:2992-3005. [PMID: 35042235 PMCID: PMC9131920 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically matched MDS-RS and normal patient-specific iPSC-HSPCs are used to derive a mutant SF3B1 splicing signature. Integrated transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility nominate TEAD as a putative novel transcriptional regulator of SF3B1K700E cells.
SF3B1K700E is the most frequent mutation in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but the mechanisms by which it drives MDS pathogenesis remain unclear. We derived a panel of 18 genetically matched SF3B1K700E- and SF3B1WT-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from patients with MDS with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS) harboring isolated SF3B1K700E mutations and performed RNA and ATAC sequencing in purified CD34+/CD45+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) derived from them. We developed a novel computational framework integrating splicing with transcript usage and gene expression analyses and derived a SF3B1K700E splicing signature consisting of 59 splicing events linked to 34 genes, which associates with the SF3B1 mutational status of primary MDS patient cells. The chromatin landscape of SF3B1K700E HSPCs showed increased priming toward the megakaryocyte- erythroid lineage. Transcription factor motifs enriched in chromatin regions more accessible in SF3B1K700E cells included, unexpectedly, motifs of the TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factor family. TEAD expression and transcriptional activity were upregulated in SF3B1-mutant iPSC-HSPCs, in support of a Hippo pathway-independent role of TEAD as a potential novel transcriptional regulator of SF3B1K700E cells. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the transcriptional and chromatin landscape of SF3B1K700E HSPCs and nominates novel mis-spliced genes and transcriptional programs with putative roles in MDS-RS disease biology.
Collapse
|
19
|
Alves da Silva PH, Xing S, Kotini AG, Papapetrou EP, Song X, Wucherpfennig KW, Mascarenhas J, Ferrari de Andrade L. MICA/B antibody induces macrophage-mediated immunity against acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2022; 139:205-216. [PMID: 34359073 PMCID: PMC8777466 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell malignancy characterized by poor clinical outcomes. Major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A and B (MICA/B) are stress proteins expressed by cancer cells, and antibody-mediated inhibition of MICA/B shedding represents a novel approach to stimulate immunity against cancers. We found that the MICA/B antibody 7C6 potently inhibits the outgrowth of AML in 2 models in immunocompetent mice. Macrophages were essential for therapeutic efficacy, and 7C6 triggered antibody-dependent phagocytosis of AML cells. Furthermore, we found that romidepsin, a selective histone deacetylase inhibitor, increased MICB messenger RNA in AML cells and enabled subsequent stabilization of the translated protein by 7C6. This drug combination substantially increased surface MICA/B expression in a human AML line, pluripotent stem cell-derived AML blasts and leukemia stem cells, as well as primary cells from 3 untreated patients with AML. Human macrophages phagocytosed AML cells following treatment with 7C6 and romidepsin, and the combination therapy lowered leukemia burden in a humanized model of AML. Therefore, inhibition of MICA/B shedding promotes macrophage-driven immunity against AML via Fc receptor signaling and synergizes with an epigenetic regulator. These results provide the rationale for the clinical testing of this innovative immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of AML.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andriana G Kotini
- Department of Oncological Sciences
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology
- The Black Family Stem Institute
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology
- The Black Family Stem Institute
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, and
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John Mascarenhas
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Lucas Ferrari de Andrade
- Precision Immunology Institute
- Department of Oncological Sciences
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chang YJ, Zhao XY, Huang XJ. Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Therapies, Challenges and Future Prospective. Front Oncol 2021; 11:758512. [PMID: 34778077 PMCID: PMC8581046 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.758512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT), an alternative donor source, offers a curative therapy for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are transplant candidates. Advances in transplantation techniques, such as donor selection, conditioning regimen modification, and graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis, have successfully improved the outcomes of AML patients receiving haplo-SCT and extended the haploidentical transplant indictions for AML. Presently, treating de novo AML, secondary AML, therapy-related AML and refractory and relapsed AML with haplo-SCT can achieve comparable outcomes to those of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donor transplantation (MSDT), unrelated donor transplantation or umbilical cord blood transplantation. For some subgroups of AML subjects, such as patients with positive pretransplantation minimal/measurable residual disease, recent studies suggest that haplo-SCT might be superior to MSDT in decreasing relapse and improving survival. Unfortunately, for patients with AML after haplo-SCT, relapse and infections remain the causes of death that restrict further improvement in clinical outcomes. In this review, we discuss the recent advances and challenges in haplo-SCT for AML treatment, mainly focusing on unmanipulated haplo-SCT protocols. We provide an outlook on future prospects and suggest that relapse prophylaxis, intervention, and treatment, as well as infection prevention and therapy, are areas of active research in AML patients who receive haploidentical allografts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sidhu I, Barwe SP, Pillai RK, Gopalakrishnapillai A. Harnessing the Power of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Gene Editing Technology: Therapeutic Implications in Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2021; 10:2698. [PMID: 34685678 PMCID: PMC8534597 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro modeling of hematological malignancies not only provides insights into the influence of genetic aberrations on cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in disease progression but also aids development and evaluation of therapeutic agents. Owing to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a potential source of short in supply disease-specific human cells of the hematopoietic lineage. Patient-derived iPSCs can recapitulate the disease severity and spectrum of prognosis dictated by the genetic variation among patients and can be used for drug screening and studying clonal evolution. However, this approach lacks the ability to model the early phases of the disease leading to cancer. The advent of genetic editing technology has promoted the generation of precise isogenic iPSC disease models to address questions regarding the underlying genetic mechanism of disease initiation and progression. In this review, we discuss the use of iPSC disease modeling in hematological diseases, where there is lack of patient sample availability and/or difficulty of engraftment to generate animal models. Furthermore, we describe the power of combining iPSC and precise gene editing to elucidate the underlying mechanism of initiation and progression of various hematological malignancies. Finally, we discuss the power of iPSC disease modeling in developing and testing novel therapies in a high throughput setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishnoor Sidhu
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (I.S.); (S.P.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Sonali P. Barwe
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (I.S.); (S.P.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Raju K. Pillai
- National Medical Center, Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91105, USA;
| | - Anilkumar Gopalakrishnapillai
- Nemours Centers for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer & Blood Disorders, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; (I.S.); (S.P.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wheeler EC, Vora S, Mayer D, Kotini AG, Olszewska M, Park SS, Guccione E, Teruya-Feldstein J, Silverman L, Sunahara RK, Yeo GW, Papapetrou EP. Integrative RNA-omics discovers GNAS alternative splicing as a phenotypic driver of splicing factor-mutant neoplasms. Cancer Discov 2021; 12:836-855. [PMID: 34620690 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in splicing factors (SFs) are the predominant class of mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but convergent downstream disease drivers remain elusive. To identify common direct targets of mis-splicing by mutant U2AF1 and SRSF2, we performed RNA-Seq and eCLIP in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) derived from isogenic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models. Integrative analyses of alternative splicing and differential binding converged on a long isoform of GNAS (GNAS-L), promoted by both mutant factors. MDS population genetics, functional and biochemical analyses support that GNAS-L is a driver of MDS and encodes a hyperactive long form of the stimulatory G protein alpha subunit, Gas-L, that activates ERK/MAPK signaling. SF-mutant MDS cells have activated ERK signaling and consequently are sensitive to MEK inhibitors. Our findings highlight an unexpected and unifying mechanism by which SRSF2 and U2AF1 mutations drive oncogenesis with potential therapeutic implications for MDS and other SF-mutant neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shailee Vora
- Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | | | | | | | - Samuel S Park
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | | | | | | | | | - Gene W Yeo
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Venetoclax and Azacitidine Compared to Induction Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:5565-5573. [PMID: 34610123 PMCID: PMC8714726 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with AML who received IC were compared with those who received ven to investigate predictors of outcomes. Presence of RUNX1 mutations is associated with better outcomes for ven/aza compared with IC.
Venetoclax (ven) plus azacitidine (aza) is the standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are not candidates for intensive chemotherapy (IC). Some patients who are IC candidates instead receive ven/aza. We retrospectively analyzed patients with newly diagnosed AML who received ven/aza (n = 143) or IC (n = 149) to compare outcomes, seek variables that could predict response to 1 therapy or the other, and ascertain whether treatment recommendations could be refined. The response rates were 76.9% for ven/aza and 70.5% for IC. The median overall survival (OS) was 884 days for IC compared with 483 days for ven/aza (P = .0020). A propensity-matched cohort was used to compare outcomes in the setting of equivalent baseline variables, and when matched for age, biological risk, and transplantation, the median OS was 705 days for IC compared with not reached for ven/aza (P = .0667). Variables that favored response to ven/aza over IC included older age, secondary AML, and RUNX1 mutations. AML M5 favored response to IC over ven/aza. In the propensity-matched cohort analyzing OS, older age, adverse risk, and RUNX1 mutations favored ven/aza over IC, whereas intermediate risk favored IC over ven/aza. In conclusion, patients receiving IC have improved OS compared with those receiving ven/aza. However, in a propensity-matched cohort of patients with equivalent baseline factors, there was a trend toward favorable OS for ven/aza. Specific variables, such as RUNX1 mutations, reported here for the first time, can be identified that favor ven/aza or IC, helping to guide treatment decisions for patients who may be eligible candidates for either therapy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zimmermannova O, Caiado I, Ferreira AG, Pereira CF. Cell Fate Reprogramming in the Era of Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714822. [PMID: 34367185 PMCID: PMC8336566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding how cancer cells interact with the immune system allowed the development of immunotherapeutic strategies, harnessing patients' immune system to fight cancer. Dendritic cell-based vaccines are being explored to reactivate anti-tumor adaptive immunity. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR T) were however the main approaches that catapulted the therapeutic success of immunotherapy. Despite their success across a broad range of human cancers, many challenges remain for basic understanding and clinical progress as only a minority of patients benefit from immunotherapy. In addition, cellular immunotherapies face important limitations imposed by the availability and quality of immune cells isolated from donors. Cell fate reprogramming is offering interesting alternatives to meet these challenges. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology not only enables studying immune cell specification but also serves as a platform for the differentiation of a myriad of clinically useful immune cells including T-cells, NK cells, or monocytes at scale. Moreover, the utilization of iPSCs allows introduction of genetic modifications and generation of T/NK cells with enhanced anti-tumor properties. Immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, can also be generated by direct cellular reprogramming employing lineage-specific master regulators bypassing the pluripotent stage. Thus, the cellular reprogramming toolbox is now providing the means to address the potential of patient-tailored immune cell types for cancer immunotherapy. In parallel, development of viral vectors for gene delivery has opened the door for in vivo reprogramming in regenerative medicine, an elegant strategy circumventing the current limitations of in vitro cell manipulation. An analogous paradigm has been recently developed in cancer immunotherapy by the generation of CAR T-cells in vivo. These new ideas on endogenous reprogramming, cross-fertilized from the fields of regenerative medicine and gene therapy, are opening exciting avenues for direct modulation of immune or tumor cells in situ, widening our strategies to remove cancer immunotherapy roadblocks. Here, we review current strategies for cancer immunotherapy, summarize technologies for generation of immune cells by cell fate reprogramming as well as highlight the future potential of inducing these unique cell identities in vivo, providing new and exciting tools for the fast-paced field of cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zimmermannova
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inês Caiado
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra G. Ferreira
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Choudhuri A, Han T, Zon LI. From development toward therapeutics, a collaborative effort on blood progenitors. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1674-1685. [PMID: 34115985 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Progenitor Cell Translational Consortium Blood Progenitor Meeting was hosted virtually on November 5, 2020, with 93 attendees across 20 research groups. The purpose of this meeting was to exchange recent findings, discuss current efforts, and identify prospective opportunities in the field of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell research and therapeutic discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Choudhuri
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tianxiao Han
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Modeling leukemia with pediatric acute leukemia patient-derived iPSCs. Stem Cell Res 2021; 54:102404. [PMID: 34111697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ediatric acute leukemia (AL) is the most common hematological malignancy in childhood. However, the limitation of clinical specimens hindered the progress of research. Therefore, new research platforms are urgently needed to establish and clarify the pathogenesis of pediatric AL, and it is necessary to try to find novel targeted therapies for the clinical use. Here, the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from AL provide a reliable model for basic research. METHODS eukemia cells were sorted by flow cytometry and then reprogrammed into iPSCs by Sendai virus. Cell cycle assay was used to analyze cell proliferation. RESULTS iPS cell lines from T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells were successfully established. The reprogramming efficiency of AML cells was much higher than that of ALL cells. Disease iPS cells switched off the expression of the disease marker genes at iPS and HPC stage. When different subtypes of AML-iPSCs were differentiated into hematopoietic progenitor cells, iPS derived from acute megakaryocytic leukemia was more readily differentiated into megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors. Whereas, the differentiation of multipotent lymphoid progenitor (MLP) and granulocyte macrophage progenitor (GMP) were blocked. The iPS derived from acute monocyte leukemia (AMCL) also showed the differentiation of common myeloid progenitors (CMP), GMP and monocytes significantly increased but MLP differentiation was inhibited. The AML-iPSC could form teratomas and we could obverse three germ layers in vivo, indicating that the AML-iPSCs have full pluripotency. However, there were not enough blood cells in teratoma to identify the leukemia. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a novel platform for AL research and critical insight into the difference of hematopoietic differentiation between ALL and AML.
Collapse
|
27
|
Dannenmann B, Klimiankou M, Oswald B, Solovyeva A, Mardan J, Nasri M, Ritter M, Zahabi A, Arreba-Tutusaus P, Mir P, Stein F, Kandabarau S, Lachmann N, Moritz T, Morishima T, Konantz M, Lengerke C, Ripperger T, Steinemann D, Erlacher M, Niemeyer CM, Zeidler C, Welte K, Skokowa J. iPSC modeling of stage-specific leukemogenesis reveals BAALC as a key oncogene in severe congenital neutropenia. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:906-922.e6. [PMID: 33894142 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia (CN) is a pre-leukemic bone marrow failure syndrome that can evolve to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mutations in CSF3R and RUNX1 are frequently observed in CN patients, although how they drive the transition from CN to AML (CN/AML) is unclear. Here we establish a model of stepwise leukemogenesis in CN/AML using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of CN patient-derived iPSCs. We identified BAALC upregulation and resultant phosphorylation of MK2a as a key leukemogenic event. BAALC deletion or treatment with CMPD1, a selective inhibitor of MK2a phosphorylation, blocked proliferation and induced differentiation of primary CN/AML blasts and CN/AML iPSC-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) without affecting healthy donor or CN iPSC-derived HSPCs. Beyond detailing a useful method for future investigation of stepwise leukemogenesis, this study suggests that targeting BAALC and/or MK2a phosphorylation may prevent leukemogenic transformation or eliminate AML blasts in CN/AML and RUNX1 mutant BAALC(hi) de novo AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dannenmann
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Maksim Klimiankou
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Oswald
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anna Solovyeva
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jehan Mardan
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Masoud Nasri
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Malte Ritter
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Azadeh Zahabi
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Arreba-Tutusaus
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Perihan Mir
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Frederic Stein
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Siarhei Kandabarau
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (IKP), 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tatsuya Morishima
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martina Konantz
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Ripperger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Doris Steinemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Miriam Erlacher
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 79106 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte M Niemeyer
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 79106 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Zeidler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 39625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Welte
- University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julia Skokowa
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yokomizo-Nakano T, Sashida G. Two faces of RUNX3 in myeloid transformation. Exp Hematol 2021; 97:14-20. [PMID: 33600870 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RUNX3, a transcription factor, has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in various cancers, including hematological malignancies; however, recent studies revealed an oncogenic function of RUNX3 in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. In contrast to the high frequency of mutations in the RUNX1 gene, deletion of and loss-of-function mutations in RUNX3 are rarely detected in patients with hematopoietic malignancies. Although RUNX3 is expressed in normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, its expression decreases with aging in humans. The loss of Runx3 did not result in the development of lethal hematological diseases in mice despite the expansion of myeloid cells. Therefore, RUNX3 does not appear to initiate the transformation of normal hematopoietic stem cells. However, the overexpression of RUNX3 inhibits the expression and transcriptional function of the RUNX1 gene, but activates the expression of key oncogenic pathways, such as MYC, resulting in the transformation of premalignant stem cells harboring a driver genetic mutation. We herein discuss the mechanisms by which RUNX3 is activated and how RUNX3 exerts oncogenic effects on the cellular function of and transcriptional program in premalignant stem cells to drive myeloid transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yokomizo-Nakano
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang T, Pine AR, Kotini AG, Yuan H, Zamparo L, Starczynowski DT, Leslie C, Papapetrou EP. Sequential CRISPR gene editing in human iPSCs charts the clonal evolution of myeloid leukemia and identifies early disease targets. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1074-1089.e7. [PMID: 33571445 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human cancers arise through the sequential acquisition of somatic mutations that create successive clonal populations. Human cancer evolution models could help illuminate this process and inform therapeutic intervention at an early disease stage, but their creation has faced significant challenges. Here, we combined induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies to develop a model of the clonal evolution of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Through the stepwise introduction of three driver mutations, we generated iPSC lines that, upon hematopoietic differentiation, capture distinct premalignant stages, including clonal hematopoiesis (CH) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), culminating in a transplantable leukemia, and recapitulate transcriptional and chromatin accessibility signatures of primary human MDS and AML. By mapping dynamic changes in transcriptomes and chromatin landscapes, we characterize transcriptional programs driving specific transitions between disease stages. We identify cell-autonomous dysregulation of inflammatory signaling as an early and persistent event in leukemogenesis and a promising early therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiansu Wang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison R Pine
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andriana G Kotini
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Han Yuan
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lee Zamparo
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel T Starczynowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christina Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Reilly A, Doulatov S. Induced pluripotent stem cell models of myeloid malignancies and clonal evolution. Stem Cell Res 2021; 52:102195. [PMID: 33592565 PMCID: PMC10115516 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of cells from patients with genetic disorders to pluripotency is a promising avenue to understanding disease biology. A number of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models of inherited monogenic blood disorders have been reported over the past decade. However, the application of iPSCs for modeling of hematological malignancies has only recently been explored. Blood malignancies comprise a spectrum of genetically heterogeneous disorders marked by the acquisition of somatic mutations and chromosomal aberrations. This genetic heterogeneity presents unique challenges for iPSC modeling, but also opportunities to capture genetically distinct states and generate models of stepwise progression from normal to malignant hematopoiesis. Here we briefly review the current state of this field, highlighting current models of acquired pre-malignant and malignant blood disorders and clonal evolution, and challenges including barriers to reprogramming and differentiation of iPSCs into bona fide hematopoietic stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Reilly
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Department of Genome Sciences, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Sergei Doulatov
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Department of Genome Sciences, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Doulatov S, Papapetrou EP. Studying clonal evolution of myeloid malignancies using induced pluripotent stem cells. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:50-56. [PMID: 33264225 PMCID: PMC7821967 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myeloid malignancies comprise a spectrum of genetically heterogeneous disorders marked by the stepwise acquisition of somatic mutations and clonal evolution. The blood and bone marrow of patients typically consists of a mix of different clones and subclones along the path of clonal evolution that cannot be deconvoluted with most current approaches. Here, we review the application of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to the study of the clonal architecture and clonal evolution of these diseases, focusing on myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. RECENT FINDINGS Reprogramming to pluripotency allows capture of the genomes of single somatic cells into stable iPSC lines. In addition, precise genome editing can introduce specific driver mutations, isolated, and in combinations, into normal iPSCs. Studies utilizing these approaches have elucidated the clonal composition and mutational order in patients with myeloid neoplasms. Importantly, they have also enabled functional interrogation of the cellular and molecular consequences of individual mutations and their combinations and allowed testing of the effects of drugs on distinct disease clones. SUMMARY Human iPSCs are important tools to elucidate the mechanisms of progression from normal to malignant haematopoiesis and empower drug testing and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Doulatov
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eirini P. Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Spyrou N, Papapetrou EP. Studying leukemia stem cell properties and vulnerabilities with human iPSCs. Stem Cell Res 2020; 50:102117. [PMID: 33388708 PMCID: PMC8190184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of cancer cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can capture entire cancer genomes, and thus create genetically faithful models of human cancers. By providing stringent genetically clonal conditions, iPSC modeling can also unveil non-genetic sources of cancer heterogeneity and provide a unique opportunity to study them separately from genetic sources, as we recently showed in an iPSC-based model of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Genetically clonal iPSCs, derived from a patient with AML, reproduce, upon hematopoietic differentiation, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity with all the hallmarks of a leukemia stem cell (LSC) hierarchy. Here we discuss the lessons that can be learned about the LSC state, its plasticity, stability and genetic and epigenetic determinants from iPSC modeling. We also discuss the practical and translational implications of exploiting AML-iPSCs to prospectively isolate large numbers of iLSCs for large-scale experiments, such as screens, and for discovery of new therapeutic targets specific to AML LSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Spyrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|