1
|
Zheng ZS, Huszár R, Hainmueller T, Bartos M, Williams AH, Buzsáki G. Perpetual step-like restructuring of hippocampal circuit dynamics. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114702. [PMID: 39217613 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Representation of the environment by hippocampal populations is known to drift even within a familiar environment, which could reflect gradual changes in single-cell activity or result from averaging across discrete switches of single neurons. Disambiguating these possibilities is crucial, as they each imply distinct mechanisms. Leveraging change point detection and model comparison, we find that CA1 population vectors decorrelate gradually within a session. In contrast, individual neurons exhibit predominantly step-like emergence and disappearance of place fields or sustained changes in within-field firing. The changes are not restricted to particular parts of the maze or trials and do not require apparent behavioral changes. The same place fields emerge, disappear, and reappear across days, suggesting that the hippocampus reuses pre-existing assemblies, rather than forming new fields de novo. Our results suggest an internally driven perpetual step-like reorganization of the neuronal assemblies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheyang Sam Zheng
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roman Huszár
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Hainmueller
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marlene Bartos
- Institute for Physiology I, University of Freiburg Medical Faculty, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alex H Williams
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Center for Computational Neuroscience, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - György Buzsáki
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nitzan N, Bennett C, Movshon JA, Olsen SR, Buzsáki G. Mixing novel and familiar cues modifies representations of familiar visual images and affects behavior. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114521. [PMID: 39024104 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
While visual responses to familiar and novel stimuli have been extensively studied, it is unknown how neuronal representations of familiar stimuli are affected when they are interleaved with novel images. We examined a large-scale dataset from mice performing a visual go/no-go change detection task. After training with eight images, six novel images were interleaved with two familiar ones. Unexpectedly, we found that the behavioral performance in response to familiar images was impaired when they were mixed with novel images. When familiar images were interleaved with novel ones, the dimensionality of their representation increased, indicating a perturbation of their neuronal responses. Furthermore, responses to familiar images in the primary visual cortex were less predictive of responses in higher-order areas, indicating less efficient communication. Spontaneous correlations between neurons were predictive of responses to novel images, but less so to familiar ones. Our study demonstrates the modification of representations of familiar images by novelty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noam Nitzan
- New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | | | - J Anthony Movshon
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Shawn R Olsen
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mizuta K, Sato M. Multiphoton imaging of hippocampal neural circuits: techniques and biological insights into region-, cell-type-, and pathway-specific functions. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:033406. [PMID: 38464393 PMCID: PMC10923542 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.033406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Significance The function of the hippocampus in behavior and cognition has long been studied primarily through electrophysiological recordings from freely moving rodents. However, the application of optical recording methods, particularly multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, in the last decade or two has dramatically advanced our understanding of hippocampal function. This article provides a comprehensive overview of techniques and biological findings obtained from multiphoton imaging of hippocampal neural circuits. Aim This review aims to summarize and discuss the recent technical advances in multiphoton imaging of hippocampal neural circuits and the accumulated biological knowledge gained through this technology. Approach First, we provide a brief overview of various techniques of multiphoton imaging of the hippocampus and discuss its advantages, drawbacks, and associated key innovations and practices. Then, we review a large body of findings obtained through multiphoton imaging by region (CA1 and dentate gyrus), cell type (pyramidal neurons, inhibitory interneurons, and glial cells), and cellular compartment (dendrite and axon). Results Multiphoton imaging of the hippocampus is primarily performed under head-fixed conditions and can reveal detailed mechanisms of circuit operation owing to its high spatial resolution and specificity. As the hippocampus lies deep below the cortex, its imaging requires elaborate methods. These include imaging cannula implantation, microendoscopy, and the use of long-wavelength light sources. Although many studies have focused on the dorsal CA1 pyramidal cells, studies of other local and inter-areal circuitry elements have also helped provide a more comprehensive picture of the information processing performed by the hippocampal circuits. Imaging of circuit function in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and other brain disorders such as autism spectrum disorder has also contributed greatly to our understanding of their pathophysiology. Conclusions Multiphoton imaging has revealed much regarding region-, cell-type-, and pathway-specific mechanisms in hippocampal function and dysfunction in health and disease. Future technological advances will allow further illustration of the operating principle of the hippocampal circuits via the large-scale, high-resolution, multimodal, and minimally invasive imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Mizuta
- RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Department of Biology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neuropharmacology, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng Z(S, Huszár R, Hainmueller T, Bartos M, Williams A, Buzsáki G. Perpetual step-like restructuring of hippocampal circuit dynamics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590576. [PMID: 38712105 PMCID: PMC11071370 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Representation of the environment by hippocampal populations is known to drift even within a familiar environment, which could reflect gradual changes in single cell activity or result from averaging across discrete switches of single neurons. Disambiguating these possibilities is crucial, as they each imply distinct mechanisms. Leveraging change point detection and model comparison, we found that CA1 population vectors decorrelated gradually within a session. In contrast, individual neurons exhibited predominantly step-like emergence and disappearance of place fields or sustained change in within-field firing. The changes were not restricted to particular parts of the maze or trials and did not require apparent behavioral changes. The same place fields emerged, disappeared, and reappeared across days, suggesting that the hippocampus reuses pre-existing assemblies, rather than forming new fields de novo. Our results suggest an internally-driven perpetual step-like reorganization of the neuronal assemblies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Huszár
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Hainmueller
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marlene Bartos
- Institute for Physiology I, University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alex Williams
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Neuroscience, Flatiron Institute
| | - György Buzsáki
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, and New York University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sosa M, Plitt MH, Giocomo LM. Hippocampal sequences span experience relative to rewards. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.27.573490. [PMID: 38234842 PMCID: PMC10793396 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.27.573490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Hippocampal place cells fire in sequences that span spatial environments and non-spatial modalities, suggesting that hippocampal activity can anchor to the most behaviorally salient aspects of experience. As reward is a highly salient event, we hypothesized that sequences of hippocampal activity can anchor to rewards. To test this, we performed two-photon imaging of hippocampal CA1 neurons as mice navigated virtual environments with changing hidden reward locations. When the reward moved, the firing fields of a subpopulation of cells moved to the same relative position with respect to reward, constructing a sequence of reward-relative cells that spanned the entire task structure. The density of these reward-relative sequences increased with task experience as additional neurons were recruited to the reward-relative population. Conversely, a largely separate subpopulation maintained a spatially-based place code. These findings thus reveal separate hippocampal ensembles can flexibly encode multiple behaviorally salient reference frames, reflecting the structure of the experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marielena Sosa
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark H. Plitt
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
- Present address: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley; Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M. Giocomo
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cone I, Clopath C. Latent representations in hippocampal network model co-evolve with behavioral exploration of task structure. Nat Commun 2024; 15:687. [PMID: 38263408 PMCID: PMC10806076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To successfully learn real-life behavioral tasks, animals must pair actions or decisions to the task's complex structure, which can depend on abstract combinations of sensory stimuli and internal logic. The hippocampus is known to develop representations of this complex structure, forming a so-called "cognitive map". However, the precise biophysical mechanisms driving the emergence of task-relevant maps at the population level remain unclear. We propose a model in which plateau-based learning at the single cell level, combined with reinforcement learning in an agent, leads to latent representational structures codependently evolving with behavior in a task-specific manner. In agreement with recent experimental data, we show that the model successfully develops latent structures essential for task-solving (cue-dependent "splitters") while excluding irrelevant ones. Finally, our model makes testable predictions concerning the co-dependent interactions between split representations and split behavioral policy during their evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Cone
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Claudia Clopath
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Robert V, O'Neil K, Rashid SK, Johnson CD, De La Torre RG, Zemelman BV, Clopath C, Basu J. Entorhinal cortex glutamatergic and GABAergic projections bidirectionally control discrimination and generalization of hippocampal representations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.08.566107. [PMID: 37986793 PMCID: PMC10659280 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination and generalization are crucial brain-wide functions for memory and object recognition that utilize pattern separation and completion computations. Circuit mechanisms supporting these operations remain enigmatic. We show lateral entorhinal cortex glutamatergic (LEC GLU ) and GABAergic (LEC GABA ) projections are essential for object recognition memory. Silencing LEC GLU during in vivo two-photon imaging increased the population of active CA3 pyramidal cells but decreased activity rates, suggesting a sparse coding function through local inhibition. Silencing LEC GLU also decreased place cell remapping between different environments validating this circuit drives pattern separation and context discrimination. Optogenetic circuit mapping confirmed that LEC GLU drives dominant feedforward inhibition to prevent CA3 somatic and dendritic spikes. However, conjunctively active LEC GABA suppresses this local inhibition to disinhibit CA3 pyramidal neuron soma and selectively boost integrative output of LEC and CA3 recurrent network. LEC GABA thus promotes pattern completion and context generalization. Indeed, without this disinhibitory input, CA3 place maps show decreased similarity between contexts. Our findings provide circuit mechanisms whereby long-range glutamatergic and GABAergic cortico-hippocampal inputs bidirectionally modulate pattern separation and completion, providing neuronal representations with a dynamic range for context discrimination and generalization.
Collapse
|
8
|
Gianatti M, Garvert AC, Lenkey N, Ebbesen NC, Hennestad E, Vervaeke K. Multiple long-range projections convey position information to the agranular retrosplenial cortex. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113109. [PMID: 37682706 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal signals encoding the animal's position widely modulate neocortical processing. While these signals are assumed to depend on hippocampal output, their origin has not been investigated directly. Here, we asked which brain region sends position information to the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a key circuit for memory and navigation. We comprehensively characterized the long-range inputs to agranular RSC using two-photon axonal imaging in head-fixed mice performing a spatial task in darkness. Surprisingly, most long-range pathways convey position information, but with notable differences. Axons from the secondary motor and posterior parietal cortex transmit the most position information. By contrast, axons from the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex and thalamus convey substantially less position information. Axons from the primary and secondary visual cortex contribute negligibly. This demonstrates that the hippocampus is not the only source of position information. Instead, the RSC is a hub in a distributed brain network that shares position information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gianatti
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Christina Garvert
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nora Lenkey
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nora Cecilie Ebbesen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Hennestad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Koen Vervaeke
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khatib D, Ratzon A, Sellevoll M, Barak O, Morris G, Derdikman D. Active experience, not time, determines within-day representational drift in dorsal CA1. Neuron 2023:S0896-6273(23)00387-2. [PMID: 37315557 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Memories of past events can be recalled long after the event, indicating stability. But new experiences are also integrated into existing memories, indicating plasticity. In the hippocampus, spatial representations are known to remain stable but have also been shown to drift over long periods of time. We hypothesized that experience, more than the passage of time, is the driving force behind representational drift. We compared the within-day stability of place cells' representations in dorsal CA1 of the hippocampus of mice traversing two similar, familiar tracks for different durations. We found that the more time the animals spent actively traversing the environment, the greater the representational drift, regardless of the total elapsed time between visits. Our results suggest that spatial representation is a dynamic process, related to the ongoing experiences within a specific context, and is related to memory update rather than to passive forgetting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorgham Khatib
- Department of Neuroscience, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Aviv Ratzon
- Department of Neuroscience, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Mariell Sellevoll
- Department of Neuroscience, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Omri Barak
- Department of Neuroscience, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; Network Biology Research Laboratories, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Genela Morris
- Department of Neuroscience, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Dori Derdikman
- Department of Neuroscience, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Forro T, Klausberger T. Differential behavior-related activity of distinct hippocampal interneuron types during odor-associated spatial navigation. Neuron 2023:S0896-6273(23)00380-X. [PMID: 37279749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal pyramidal cells represent an animal's position in space together with specific contexts and events. However, it is largely unknown how distinct types of GABAergic interneurons contribute to such computations. We recorded from the intermediate CA1 hippocampus of head-fixed mice exhibiting odor-to-place memory associations during navigation in a virtual reality (VR). The presence of an odor cue and its prediction of a different reward location induced a remapping of place cell activity in the virtual maze. Based on this, we performed extracellular recording and juxtacellular labeling of identified interneurons during task performance. The activity of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing basket, but not of PV-expressing bistratified cells, reflected the expected contextual change in the working-memory-related sections of the maze. Some interneurons, including identified cholecystokinin-expressing cells, decreased activity during visuospatial navigation and increased activity during reward. Our findings suggest that distinct types of GABAergic interneuron are differentially involved in cognitive processes of the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Forro
- Division of Cognitive Neurobiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas Klausberger
- Division of Cognitive Neurobiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moore JJ, Rashid SK, Johnson CD, Codrington N, Chklovskii DB, Basu J. Sub-cellular population imaging tools reveal stable apical dendrites in hippocampal area CA3. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2733660. [PMID: 37131789 PMCID: PMC10153397 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2733660/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Anatomically segregated apical and basal dendrites of pyramidal neurons receive functionally distinct inputs, but it is unknown if this results in compartment-level functional diversity during behavior. Here we imaged calcium signals from apical dendrites, soma, and basal dendrites of pyramidal neurons in area CA3 of mouse hippocampus during head-fixed navigation. To examine dendritic population activity, we developed computational tools to identify dendritic regions of interest and extract accurate fluorescence traces. We identified robust spatial tuning in apical and basal dendrites, similar to soma, though basal dendrites had reduced activity rates and place field widths. Across days, apical dendrites were more stable than soma or basal dendrites, resulting in better decoding of the animal's position. These population-level dendritic differences may reflect functionally distinct input streams leading to different dendritic computations in CA3. These tools will facilitate future studies of signal transformations between cellular compartments and their relation to behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Moore
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Center for Computational Neuroscience, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Shannon K Rashid
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Cara D. Johnson
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Naomi Codrington
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dmitri B Chklovskii
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Center for Computational Neuroscience, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Jayeeta Basu
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| |
Collapse
|