1
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Tóth AD, Turu G, Hunyady L. Functional consequences of spatial, temporal and ligand bias of G protein-coupled receptors. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:722-741. [PMID: 39039165 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate every aspect of kidney function by mediating the effects of various endogenous and exogenous substances. A key concept in GPCR function is biased signalling, whereby certain ligands may selectively activate specific pathways within the receptor's signalling repertoire. For example, different agonists may induce biased signalling by stabilizing distinct active receptor conformations - a concept that is supported by advances in structural biology. However, the processes underlying functional selectivity in receptor signalling are extremely complex, involving differences in subcellular compartmentalization and signalling dynamics. Importantly, the molecular mechanisms of spatiotemporal bias, particularly its connection to ligand binding kinetics, have been detailed for GPCRs critical to kidney function, such as the AT1 angiotensin receptor (AT1R), V2 vasopressin receptor (V2R) and the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R). This expanding insight into the multifaceted nature of biased signalling paves the way for innovative strategies for targeting GPCR functions; the development of novel biased agonists may represent advanced pharmacotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of kidney diseases and related systemic conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes and heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Ligands
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/physiology
- Receptors, Vasopressin/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasopressin/physiology
- Animals
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/physiology
- Kidney Diseases/metabolism
- Kidney/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- András D Tóth
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Turu
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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2
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Zheng X, Ehrlich B, Finlay D, Glass M. No Evidence for Endocannabinoid-Induced G Protein Subtype Selectivity at Human and Rodent Cannabinoid CB 1 Receptors. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024. [PMID: 39373143 DOI: 10.1089/can.2024.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a widespread neurotransmitter system. A key characteristic of the ECS is that there are multiple endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids). Of these, the most extensively studied are arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), both act as agonists at the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. In humans, three CB1 variants have been identified: hCB1, considered the most abundant G protein-coupled receptor in the brain, alongside the less abundant and studied variants, hCB1a and hCB1b. CB1 exhibits a preference for coupling with inhibitory Gi/o proteins, although its interactions with specific members of the Gi/o family remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to compare the AEA and 2-AG-induced activation of various G protein subtypes at CB1. Furthermore, we compared the response of human CB1 (hCB1, hCB1a, hCB1b) and explored species differences by examining rodent receptors (mCB1, rCB1). Materials and Methods: Activation of individual G protein subtypes in HEK293 cells transiently expressing CB1 was measured with G protein dissociation assay utilizing TRUPATH biosensors. The performance of the TRUPATH biosensors was evaluated using Z-factor analysis. Pathway potencies and efficacies were analyzed using the operational analysis of bias to determine G protein subtype selectivity for AEA and 2-AG. Results: Initial screening of TRUPATH biosensors performance revealed variable sensitivities within our system. Based on the biosensor performance, the G protein subtypes pursued for further characterization were Gi1, Gi3, GoA, GoB, GZ, G12, and G13. Across all pathways, AEA demonstrated partial agonism, whereas 2-AG exhibited full or high-efficacy agonism. Notably, we provide direct evidence that the hCB1 receptor couples to G12 and G13 proteins. Our findings do not indicate any evidence of G protein subtype selectivity. Similar observations were made across the human receptor variants (hCB1, hCB1a, hCB1b), as well as at mCB1 and rCB1. Discussion: There was no evidence suggesting G protein subtype selectivity for AEA and 2-AG at CB1, and this finding remained consistent across human receptor variants and different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Beth Ehrlich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Finlay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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3
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Brands J, Bravo S, Jürgenliemke L, Grätz L, Schihada H, Frechen F, Alenfelder J, Pfeil C, Ohse PG, Hiratsuka S, Kawakami K, Schmacke LC, Heycke N, Inoue A, König G, Pfeifer A, Wachten D, Schulte G, Steinmetzer T, Watts VJ, Gomeza J, Simon K, Kostenis E. A molecular mechanism to diversify Ca 2+ signaling downstream of Gs protein-coupled receptors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7684. [PMID: 39227390 PMCID: PMC11372221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A long-held tenet in inositol-lipid signaling is that cleavage of membrane phosphoinositides by phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) isozymes to increase cytosolic Ca2+ in living cells is exclusive to Gq- and Gi-sensitive G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here we extend this central tenet and show that Gs-GPCRs also partake in inositol-lipid signaling and thereby increase cytosolic Ca2+. By combining CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to delete Gαs, the adenylyl cyclase isoforms 3 and 6, or the PLCβ1-4 isozymes, with pharmacological and genetic inhibition of Gq and G11, we pin down Gs-derived Gβγ as driver of a PLCβ2/3-mediated cytosolic Ca2+ release module. This module does not require but crosstalks with Gαs-dependent cAMP, demands Gαq to release PLCβ3 autoinhibition, but becomes Gq-independent with mutational disruption of the PLCβ3 autoinhibited state. Our findings uncover the key steps of a previously unappreciated mechanism utilized by mammalian cells to finetune their calcium signaling regulation through Gs-GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Brands
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sergi Bravo
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Jürgenliemke
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 2873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Grätz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Frechen
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Alenfelder
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cy Pfeil
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Georg Ohse
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Suzune Hiratsuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kouki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Luna C Schmacke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nina Heycke
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Gabriele König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jesús Gomeza
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Simon
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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4
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Hwang IY, Kim JS, Harrison KA, Park C, Shi CS, Kehrl JH. Chemokine-mediated F-actin dynamics, polarity, and migration in B lymphocytes depend on WNK1 signaling. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eade1119. [PMID: 39190707 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-engaged chemokine receptors trigger nucleotide exchange in heterotrimeric Gαi proteins, which stimulates cytoskeletal reorganization and cell polarity changes. To better understand the signaling events responsible for these cellular changes, we focused on early changes in F-actin dynamics after engagement of the chemokine receptor CXCR5 in murine splenic B cells. Within 10 seconds of exposure to the CXCR5 ligand CXCL13, three-dimensional lamellar-like pseudopods and F-actin-rich ridges appeared. The transient F-actin increase depended on Gαi2/3 signaling, the PI3K/AKT pathway, ERK activation, phospholipase C activity, and Rac1/2 activation mediated by Dock2 (dedicator of cytokinesis 2). Immunoblot analyses identified the kinase WNK1 (with no lysine kinase 1) as a potential early AKT effector. Treating B cells with specific WNK inhibitors disrupted F-actin dynamics and impaired B cell polarity, motility, and chemotaxis. These changes were mimicked in a murine B cell line by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of Wnk1, which also suggested that WNK1 contributed to B cell proliferation. Administration of a single dose of a WNK inhibitor transiently reduced B cell motility and polarity in the lymph nodes of live mice. These results indicate that WNK1 signaling maintains B cell responsiveness to CXCL13 and suggest that pharmacological inhibition of WNK1, which is involved in cancer progression and blood pressure regulation, may affect humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Young Hwang
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ji Sung Kim
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kathleen A Harrison
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chung Park
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chong Shan Shi
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John H Kehrl
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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5
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Janicot R, Garcia-Marcos M. Get Ready to Sharpen Your Tools: A Short Guide to Heterotrimeric G Protein Activity Biosensors. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 106:129-144. [PMID: 38991745 PMCID: PMC11331509 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.124.000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of transmembrane receptors encoded in the human genome, and they initiate cellular responses triggered by a plethora of extracellular stimuli ranging from neurotransmitters and hormones to photons. Upon stimulation, GPCRs activate heterotrimeric G proteins (Gαβγ) in the cytoplasm, which then convey signals to their effectors to elicit cellular responses. Given the broad biological and biomedical relevance of GPCRs and G proteins in physiology and disease, there is great interest in developing and optimizing approaches to measure their signaling activity with high accuracy and across experimental systems pertinent to their functions in cellular communication. This review provides a historical perspective on approaches to measure GPCR-G protein signaling, from quantification of second messengers and other indirect readouts of activity to biosensors that directly detect the activity of G proteins. The latter is the focus of a more detailed overview of the evolution of design principles for various optical biosensors of G protein activity with different experimental capabilities. We will highlight advantages and limitations of biosensors that detect different G protein activation hallmarks, like dissociation of Gα and Gβγ or nucleotide exchange on Gα, as well as their suitability to detect signaling mediated by endogenous versus exogenous signaling components or in physiologically relevant systems like primary cells. Overall, this review intends to provide an assessment of the state-of-the-art for biosensors that directly measure G protein activity to allow readers to make informed decisions on the selection and implementation of currently available tools. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: G protein activity biosensors have become essential and widespread tools to assess GPCR signaling and pharmacology. Yet, investigators face the challenge of choosing from a growing list of G protein activity biosensors. This review provides an overview of the features and capabilities of different optical biosensor designs for the direct detection of G protein activity in cells, with the aim of facilitating the rational selection of systems that align with the specific scientific questions and needs of investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Janicot
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine (R.J., M.G.-M.) and Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.G.-M.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine (R.J., M.G.-M.) and Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.G.-M.), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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6
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Kapolka NJ, Taghon GJ, Isom DG. Advances in yeast synthetic biology for human G protein-coupled receptor biology and pharmacology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 88:103176. [PMID: 39079313 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors in humans. Over 800 GPCRs regulate the (patho)biology of every organ, tissue, and cell type. Consequently, GPCRs are the most prominent therapeutic targets in medicine. Although over 30% of current U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs target GPCR signaling, most receptors remain understudied and therapeutically underutilized. Challenges include an incomplete understanding of GPCR signaling, pharmacology, structural biology, and the multiplicity of endogenous GPCR ligands, in addition to a scarcity of biological and pharmacological tools for elucidating GPCR-mediated cellular processes beyond initial signaling events. Various mammalian, insect, and yeast cell models currently address some of these needs. Here, we review recent advances in yeast synthetic biology that are helping to catalyze new and unexpected conceptual and technical breakthroughs in GPCR-based medicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Kapolka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Geoffrey J Taghon
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Daniel G Isom
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tumor Biology Program, USA; Frost Institute for Data Science and Computing, USA
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7
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Gonzalez-Hernandez AJ, Munguba H, Levitz J. Emerging modes of regulation of neuromodulatory G protein-coupled receptors. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:635-650. [PMID: 38862331 PMCID: PMC11324403 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
In the nervous system, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) control neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and, ultimately, behavior through spatiotemporally precise initiation of a variety of signaling pathways. However, despite their critical importance, there is incomplete understanding of how these receptors are regulated to tune their signaling to specific neurophysiological contexts. A deeper mechanistic picture of neuromodulatory GPCR function is needed to fully decipher their biological roles and effectively harness them for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we highlight recent progress in identifying novel modes of regulation of neuromodulatory GPCRs, including G protein- and receptor-targeting mechanisms, receptor-receptor crosstalk, and unique features that emerge in the context of chemical synapses. These emerging principles of neuromodulatory GPCR tuning raise critical questions to be tackled at the molecular, cellular, synaptic, and neural circuit levels in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hermany Munguba
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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8
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Sokrat B, Nguyen AH, Thomsen ARB, Huang LY, Kobayashi H, Kahsai AW, Kim J, Ho BX, Ma S, Little J, Ehrhart C, Pyne I, Hammond E, Bouvier M. Role of the V2R-βarrestin-Gβγ complex in promoting G protein translocation to endosomes. Commun Biol 2024; 7:826. [PMID: 38972875 PMCID: PMC11228049 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Classically, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) promote signaling at the plasma membrane through activation of heterotrimeric Gαβγ proteins, followed by the recruitment of GPCR kinases and βarrestin (βarr) to initiate receptor desensitization and internalization. However, studies demonstrated that some GPCRs continue to signal from internalized compartments, with distinct cellular responses. Both βarr and Gβγ contribute to such non-canonical endosomal G protein signaling, but their specific roles and contributions remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R)-βarr complex scaffolds Gβγ at the plasma membrane through a direct interaction with βarr, enabling its transport to endosomes. Gβγ subsequently potentiates Gαs endosomal translocation, presumably to regenerate an endosomal pool of heterotrimeric Gs. This work shines light on the mechanism underlying G protein subunits translocation from the plasma membrane to the endosomes and provides a basis for understanding the role of βarr in mediating sustained G protein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Sokrat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University School of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Anthony H Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Alex R B Thomsen
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University School of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Li-Yin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alem W Kahsai
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Bing X Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Symon Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - John Little
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Catherine Ehrhart
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ian Pyne
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Emmery Hammond
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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9
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Liu S, Anderson PJ, Rajagopal S, Lefkowitz RJ, Rockman HA. G Protein-Coupled Receptors: A Century of Research and Discovery. Circ Res 2024; 135:174-197. [PMID: 38900852 PMCID: PMC11192237 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors), also known as 7 transmembrane domain receptors, are the largest receptor family in the human genome, with ≈800 members. GPCRs regulate nearly every aspect of human physiology and disease, thus serving as important drug targets in cardiovascular disease. Sharing a conserved structure comprised of 7 transmembrane α-helices, GPCRs couple to heterotrimeric G-proteins, GPCR kinases, and β-arrestins, promoting downstream signaling through second messengers and other intracellular signaling pathways. GPCR drug development has led to important cardiovascular therapies, such as antagonists of β-adrenergic and angiotensin II receptors for heart failure and hypertension, and agonists of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor for reducing adverse cardiovascular events and other emerging indications. There continues to be a major interest in GPCR drug development in cardiovascular and cardiometabolic disease, driven by advances in GPCR mechanistic studies and structure-based drug design. This review recounts the rich history of GPCR research, including the current state of clinically used GPCR drugs, and highlights newly discovered aspects of GPCR biology and promising directions for future investigation. As additional mechanisms for regulating GPCR signaling are uncovered, new strategies for targeting these ubiquitous receptors hold tremendous promise for the field of cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical
Center
| | - Preston J. Anderson
- Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Duke University, Durham,
NC, 27710, USA
- Duke Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University,
Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical
Center
- Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Duke University, Durham,
NC, 27710, USA
- Deparment of Biochemistry Duke University, Durham, NC,
27710, USA
| | - Robert J. Lefkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical
Center
- Deparment of Biochemistry Duke University, Durham, NC,
27710, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Howard A. Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical
Center
- Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Duke University, Durham,
NC, 27710, USA
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10
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Wright SC, Avet C, Gaitonde SA, Muneta-Arrate I, Le Gouill C, Hogue M, Breton B, Koutsilieri S, Diez-Alarcia R, Héroux M, Lauschke VM, Bouvier M. Conformation- and activation-based BRET sensors differentially report on GPCR-G protein coupling. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadi4747. [PMID: 38889226 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adi4747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate cellular signaling processes by coupling to diverse combinations of heterotrimeric G proteins composed of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits. Biosensors based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) have advanced our understanding of GPCR functional selectivity. Some BRET biosensors monitor ligand-induced conformational changes in the receptor or G proteins, whereas others monitor the recruitment of downstream effectors to sites of G protein activation. Here, we compared the ability of conformation-and activation-based BRET biosensors to assess the coupling of various class A and B GPCRs to specific Gα proteins in cultured cells. These GPCRs included serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptors, the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), and the M3 muscarinic receptor. We observed different signaling profiles between the two types of sensors, highlighting how data interpretation could be affected by the nature of the biosensor. We also found that the identity of the Gβγ subunits used in the assay could differentially influence the selectivity of a receptor toward Gα subtypes, emphasizing the importance of the receptor-Gβγ pairing in determining Gα coupling specificity. Last, the addition of epitope tags to the receptor could affect stoichiometry and coupling selectivity and yield artifactual findings. These results highlight the need for careful sensor selection and experimental design when probing GPCR-G protein coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane C Wright
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Avet
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Supriya A Gaitonde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Itziar Muneta-Arrate
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Le Gouill
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mireille Hogue
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Billy Breton
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Stefania Koutsilieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebeca Diez-Alarcia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Madeleine Héroux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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11
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Thotamune W, Ubeysinghe S, Rajarathna C, Kankanamge D, Olupothage K, Chandu A, Copits BA, Karunarathne A. AGS3-based optogenetic GDI induces GPCR-independent Gβγ signaling and macrophage migration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597473. [PMID: 38895415 PMCID: PMC11185739 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are efficient Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and exchange GDP to GTP on the Gα subunit of G protein heterotrimers in response to various extracellular stimuli, including neurotransmitters and light. GPCRs primarily broadcast signals through activated G proteins, GαGTP, and free Gβγ, and are major disease drivers. Evidence shows that the ambient low threshold signaling required for cells is likely supplemented by signaling regulators such as non-GPCR GEFs and Guanine nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors (GDIs). Activators of G protein Signaling 3 (AGS3) are recognized as a GDI involved in multiple health and disease-related processes. Nevertheless, understanding of AGS3 is limited, and no significant information is available on its structure-function relationship or signaling regulation in living cells. Here, we employed in silico structure-guided engineering of a novel optogenetic GDI, based on the AGS3's G protein regulatory (GPR) motif, to understand its GDI activity and induce standalone Gβγ signaling in living cells on optical command. Our results demonstrate that plasma membrane recruitment of OptoGDI efficiently releases Gβγ, and its subcellular targeting generated localized PIP3 and triggered macrophage migration. Therefore, we propose OptoGDI as a powerful tool for optically dissecting GDI-mediated signaling pathways and triggering GPCR-independent Gβγ signaling in cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waruna Thotamune
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Sithurandi Ubeysinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Chathuri Rajarathna
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Dinesh Kankanamge
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Koshala Olupothage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Aditya Chandu
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Bryan A. Copits
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Ajith Karunarathne
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
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12
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Wu Y, Jensen N, Rossner MJ, Wehr MC. Exploiting Cell-Based Assays to Accelerate Drug Development for G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5474. [PMID: 38791511 PMCID: PMC11121687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are relevant targets for health and disease as they regulate various aspects of metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and immune pathways. They are implicated in several disease areas, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mental disorders. It is worth noting that about a third of all marketed drugs target GPCRs, making them prime pharmacological targets for drug discovery. Numerous functional assays have been developed to assess GPCR activity and GPCR signaling in living cells. Here, we review the current literature of genetically encoded cell-based assays to measure GPCR activation and downstream signaling at different hierarchical levels of signaling, from the receptor to transcription, via transducers, effectors, and second messengers. Singleplex assay formats provide one data point per experimental condition. Typical examples are bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays and protease cleavage assays (e.g., Tango or split TEV). By contrast, multiplex assay formats allow for the parallel measurement of multiple receptors and pathways and typically use molecular barcodes as transcriptional reporters in barcoded assays. This enables the efficient identification of desired on-target and on-pathway effects as well as detrimental off-target and off-pathway effects. Multiplex assays are anticipated to accelerate drug discovery for GPCRs as they provide a comprehensive and broad identification of compound effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wu
- Research Group Cell Signalling, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstr. 6, 81669 Munich, Germany
| | - Niels Jensen
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstr. 6, 81669 Munich, Germany
- Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Rossner
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstr. 6, 81669 Munich, Germany
- Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael C. Wehr
- Research Group Cell Signalling, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Systasy Bioscience GmbH, Balanstr. 6, 81669 Munich, Germany
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13
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Liu W, Gao T, Li N, Shao S, Liu B. Vesicle fusion and release in neurons under dynamic mechanical equilibrium. iScience 2024; 27:109793. [PMID: 38736547 PMCID: PMC11088343 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vesicular fusion plays a pivotal role in cellular processes, involving stages like vesicle trafficking, fusion pore formation, content release, and membrane integration or separation. This dynamic process is regulated by a complex interplay of protein assemblies, osmotic forces, and membrane tension, which together maintain a mechanical equilibrium within the cell. Changes in cellular mechanics or external pressures prompt adjustments in this equilibrium, highlighting the system's adaptability. This review delves into the synergy between intracellular proteins, structural components, and external forces in facilitating vesicular fusion and release. It also explores how cells respond to mechanical stress, maintaining equilibrium and offering insights into vesicle fusion mechanisms and the development of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Liu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Tianyu Gao
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Na Li
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang 110042, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang 110042, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang 110042, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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14
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Janicot R, Maziarz M, Park JC, Zhao J, Luebbers A, Green E, Philibert CE, Zhang H, Layne MD, Wu JC, Garcia-Marcos M. Direct interrogation of context-dependent GPCR activity with a universal biosensor platform. Cell 2024; 187:1527-1546.e25. [PMID: 38412860 PMCID: PMC10947893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of druggable proteins encoded in the human genome, but progress in understanding and targeting them is hindered by the lack of tools to reliably measure their nuanced behavior in physiologically relevant contexts. Here, we developed a collection of compact ONE vector G-protein Optical (ONE-GO) biosensor constructs as a scalable platform that can be conveniently deployed to measure G-protein activation by virtually any GPCR with high fidelity even when expressed endogenously in primary cells. By characterizing dozens of GPCRs across many cell types like primary cardiovascular cells or neurons, we revealed insights into the molecular basis for G-protein coupling selectivity of GPCRs, pharmacogenomic profiles of anti-psychotics on naturally occurring GPCR variants, and G-protein subtype signaling bias by endogenous GPCRs depending on cell type or upon inducing disease-like states. In summary, this open-source platform makes the direct interrogation of context-dependent GPCR activity broadly accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Janicot
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marcin Maziarz
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alex Luebbers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Elena Green
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Clementine Eva Philibert
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mathew D Layne
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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15
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Xu C, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Lin L, Liu P, Wang X, Xu Z, Pin JP, Rondard P, Liu J. Specific pharmacological and G i/o protein responses of some native GPCRs in neurons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1990. [PMID: 38443355 PMCID: PMC10914727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of membrane proteins and are important drug targets. The discovery of drugs targeting these receptors and their G protein signaling properties are based on assays mainly performed with modified receptors expressed in heterologous cells. However, GPCR responses may differ in their native environment. Here, by using highly sensitive Gi/o sensors, we reveal specific properties of Gi/o protein-mediated responses triggered by GABAB, α2 adrenergic and cannabinoid CB1 receptors in primary neurons, different from those in heterologous cells. These include different profiles in the Gi/o protein subtypes-mediated responses, and differences in the potencies of some ligands even at similar receptor expression levels. Altogether, our results show the importance of using biosensors compatible with primary cells for evaluating the activities of endogenous GPCRs in their native environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Xu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, 510005, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Kindstar Global Precision Medicine Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Lin
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France.
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, 510005, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Nürnberg B, Beer-Hammer S, Reisinger E, Leiss V. Non-canonical G protein signaling. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 255:108589. [PMID: 38295906 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The original paradigm of classical - also referred to as canonical - cellular signal transduction of heterotrimeric G proteins (G protein) is defined by a hierarchical, orthograde interaction of three players: the agonist-activated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), which activates the transducing G protein, that in turn regulates its intracellular effectors. This receptor-transducer-effector concept was extended by the identification of regulators and adapters such as the regulators of G protein signaling (RGS), receptor kinases like βARK, or GPCR-interacting arrestin adapters that are integrated into this canonical signaling process at different levels to enable fine-tuning. Finally, the identification of atypical signaling mechanisms of classical regulators, together with the discovery of novel modulators, added a new and fascinating dimension to the cellular G protein signal transduction. This heterogeneous group of accessory G protein modulators was coined "activators of G protein signaling" (AGS) proteins and plays distinct roles in canonical and non-canonical G protein signaling pathways. AGS proteins contribute to the control of essential cellular functions such as cell development and division, intracellular transport processes, secretion, autophagy or cell movements. As such, they are involved in numerous biological processes that are crucial for diseases, like diabetes mellitus, cancer, and stroke, which represent major health burdens. Although the identification of a large number of non-canonical G protein signaling pathways has broadened the spectrum of this cellular communication system, their underlying mechanisms, functions, and biological effects are poorly understood. In this review, we highlight and discuss atypical G protein-dependent signaling mechanisms with a focus on inhibitory G proteins (Gi) involved in canonical and non-canonical signal transduction, review recent developments and open questions, address the potential of new approaches for targeted pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and ICePhA Mouse Clinic, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and ICePhA Mouse Clinic, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Reisinger
- Gene Therapy for Hearing Impairment Group, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen Medical Center, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Veronika Leiss
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, and ICePhA Mouse Clinic, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Björkman L, Forsman H, Bergqvist L, Dahlgren C, Sundqvist M. Larixol is not an inhibitor of Gα i containing G proteins and lacks effect on signaling mediated by human neutrophil expressed formyl peptide receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115995. [PMID: 38151076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils express several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) connected to intracellular Gαi or Gαq containing G proteins for down-stream signaling. To dampen GPCR mediated inflammatory processes, several inhibitors targeting the receptors and/or their down-stream signals, have been developed. Potent and selective inhibitors for Gαq containing G proteins are available, but potent and specific inhibitors of Gαi containing G proteins are lacking. Recently, Larixol, a compound extracted from the root of Euphorbia formosana, was shown to abolish human neutrophil functions induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF), an agonist recognized by formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) which couple to Gαi containing G proteins. The inhibitory effect was suggested to be due to interference with/inhibition of signals transmitted by βγ complexes of the Gαi containing G proteins coupled to FPR1. In this study, we applied Larixol, obtained from two different commercial sources, to determine the receptor- and G protein- selectivity of this compound in human neutrophils. However, our data show that Larixol not only lacks inhibitory effect on neutrophil responses mediated through FPR1, but also on responses mediated through FPR2, a Gαi coupled GPCR closely related to FPR1. Furthermore, Larixol did not display any features as a selective inhibitor of neutrophil responses mediated through the Gαq coupled GPCRs for platelet activating factor and ATP. Hence, our results imply that the inhibitory effects described for the root extract of Euphorbia formosana are not mediated by Larixol and that the search for a selective inhibitor of G protein dependent signals generated by Gαi coupled neutrophil GPCRs must continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Bergqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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18
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Demby A, Zaccolo M. Investigating G-protein coupled receptor signalling with light-emitting biosensors. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1310197. [PMID: 38260094 PMCID: PMC10801095 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1310197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most frequent target of currently approved drugs and play a central role in both physiological and pathophysiological processes. Beyond the canonical understanding of GPCR signal transduction, the importance of receptor conformation, beta-arrestin (β-arr) biased signalling, and signalling from intracellular locations other than the plasma membrane is becoming more apparent, along with the tight spatiotemporal compartmentalisation of downstream signals. Fluorescent and bioluminescent biosensors have played a pivotal role in elucidating GPCR signalling events in live cells. To understand the mechanisms of action of the GPCR-targeted drugs currently available, and to develop new and better GPCR-targeted therapeutics, understanding these novel aspects of GPCR signalling is critical. In this review, we present some of the tools available to interrogate each of these features of GPCR signalling, we illustrate some of the key findings which have been made possible by these tools and we discuss their limitations and possible developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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19
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Janicot R, Maziarz M, Park JC, Luebbers A, Green E, Zhao J, Philibert C, Zhang H, Layne MD, Wu JC, Garcia-Marcos M. Direct interrogation of context-dependent GPCR activity with a universal biosensor platform. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.02.573921. [PMID: 38260348 PMCID: PMC10802303 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of druggable proteins in the human genome, but progress in understanding and targeting them is hindered by the lack of tools to reliably measure their nuanced behavior in physiologically-relevant contexts. Here, we developed a collection of compact ONE vector G-protein Optical (ONE-GO) biosensor constructs as a scalable platform that can be conveniently deployed to measure G-protein activation by virtually any GPCR with high fidelity even when expressed endogenously in primary cells. By characterizing dozens of GPCRs across many cell types like primary cardiovascular cells or neurons, we revealed new insights into the molecular basis for G-protein coupling selectivity of GPCRs, pharmacogenomic profiles of anti-psychotics on naturally-occurring GPCR variants, and G-protein subtype signaling bias by endogenous GPCRs depending on cell type or upon inducing disease-like states. In summary, this open-source platform makes the direct interrogation of context-dependent GPCR activity broadly accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Janicot
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marcin Maziarz
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alex Luebbers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Elena Green
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Clementine Philibert
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mathew D. Layne
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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20
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Knight KM, Obarow EG, Wei W, Mani S, Esteller MI, Cui M, Ma N, Martin SA, Brinson E, Hewitt N, Soden GM, Logothetis DE, Vaidehi N, Dohlman HG. Molecular annotation of G protein variants in a neurological disorder. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113462. [PMID: 37980565 PMCID: PMC10872635 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins transduce extracellular chemical messages to generate appropriate intracellular responses. Point mutations in GNAO1, encoding the G protein αo subunit, have been implicated in a pathogenic condition characterized by seizures, movement disorders, intellectual disability, and developmental delay (GNAO1 disorder). However, the effects of these mutations on G protein structure and function are unclear. Here, we report the effects of 55 mutations on Gαo conformation, thermostability, nucleotide binding, and hydrolysis, as well as interaction with Gβγ subunits, receptors, and effectors. Our effort reveals four functionally distinct groups of mutants, including one group that sequesters receptors and another that sequesters Gβγ, both acting in a genetically dominant manner. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of disease-relevant mutations and reveal that GNAO1 disorder is likely composed of multiple mechanistically distinct disorders that will likely require multiple therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Knight
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Obarow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wenyuan Wei
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sepehr Mani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria I Esteller
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sarah A Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Emily Brinson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie Hewitt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gaby M Soden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Diomedes E Logothetis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Nagarajan Vaidehi
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Henrik G Dohlman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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21
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Björkman L, Forsman H, Bergqvist L, Dahlgren C, Sundqvist M. WITHDRAWN: Larixol is not an inhibitor of Gα i containing G proteins and lacks effect on signaling mediated by human neutrophil expressed formyl peptide receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115919. [PMID: 37952896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Bergqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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22
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Tennakoon M, Thotamune W, Payton JL, Karunarathne A. CaaX-motif-adjacent residues influence G protein gamma (Gγ) prenylation under suboptimal conditions. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105269. [PMID: 37739036 PMCID: PMC10590752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenylation is an irreversible post-translational modification that supports membrane interactions of proteins involved in various cellular processes, including migration, proliferation, and survival. Dysregulation of prenylation contributes to multiple disorders, including cancers and vascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Prenyltransferases tether isoprenoid lipids to proteins via a thioether linkage during prenylation. Pharmacological inhibition of the lipid synthesis pathway by statins is a therapeutic approach to control hyperlipidemia. Building on our previous finding that statins inhibit membrane association of G protein γ (Gγ) in a subtype-dependent manner, we investigated the molecular reasoning for this differential inhibition. We examined the prenylation of carboxy-terminus (Ct) mutated Gγ in cells exposed to Fluvastatin and prenyl transferase inhibitors and monitored the subcellular localization of fluorescently tagged Gγ subunits and their mutants using live-cell confocal imaging. Reversible optogenetic unmasking-masking of Ct residues was used to probe their contribution to prenylation and membrane interactions of the prenylated proteins. Our findings suggest that specific Ct residues regulate membrane interactions of the Gγ polypeptide, statin sensitivity, and extent of prenylation. Our results also show a few hydrophobic and charged residues at the Ct are crucial determinants of a protein's prenylation ability, especially under suboptimal conditions. Given the cell and tissue-specific expression of different Gγ subtypes, our findings indicate a plausible mechanism allowing for statins to differentially perturb heterotrimeric G protein signaling in cells depending on their Gγ-subtype composition. Our results may also provide molecular reasoning for repurposing statins as Ras oncogene inhibitors and the failure of using prenyltransferase inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Tennakoon
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Waruna Thotamune
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John L Payton
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
| | - Ajith Karunarathne
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA; Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
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23
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Masuho I, Kise R, Gainza P, Von Moo E, Li X, Tany R, Wakasugi-Masuho H, Correia BE, Martemyanov KA. Rules and mechanisms governing G protein coupling selectivity of GPCRs. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113173. [PMID: 37742189 PMCID: PMC10842385 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) convert extracellular stimuli into intracellular signaling by coupling to heterotrimeric G proteins of four classes: Gi/o, Gq, Gs, and G12/13. However, our understanding of the G protein selectivity of GPCRs is incomplete. Here, we quantitatively measure the enzymatic activity of GPCRs in living cells and reveal the G protein selectivity of 124 GPCRs with the exact rank order of their G protein preference. Using this information, we establish a classification of GPCRs by functional selectivity, discover the existence of a G12/13-coupled receptor, G15-coupled receptors, and a variety of subclasses for Gi/o-, Gq-, and Gs-coupled receptors, culminating in development of the predictive algorithm of G protein selectivity. We further identify the structural determinants of G protein selectivity, allowing us to synthesize non-existent GPCRs with de novo G protein selectivity and efficiently identify putative pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Masuho
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.
| | - Ryoji Kise
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Pablo Gainza
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ee Von Moo
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Xiaona Li
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ryosuke Tany
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Hideko Wakasugi-Masuho
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Bruno E Correia
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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24
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Wright SC, Motso A, Koutsilieri S, Beusch CM, Sabatier P, Berghella A, Blondel-Tepaz É, Mangenot K, Pittarokoilis I, Sismanoglou DC, Le Gouill C, Olsen JV, Zubarev RA, Lambert NA, Hauser AS, Bouvier M, Lauschke VM. GLP-1R signaling neighborhoods associate with the susceptibility to adverse drug reactions of incretin mimetics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6243. [PMID: 37813859 PMCID: PMC10562414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are important drug targets that engage and activate signaling transducers in multiple cellular compartments. Delineating therapeutic signaling from signaling associated with adverse events is an important step towards rational drug design. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a validated target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity, but drugs that target this receptor are a frequent cause of adverse events. Using recently developed biosensors, we explored the ability of GLP-1R to activate 15 pathways in 4 cellular compartments and demonstrate that modifications aimed at improving the therapeutic potential of GLP-1R agonists greatly influence compound efficacy, potency, and safety in a pathway- and compartment-selective manner. These findings, together with comparative structure analysis, time-lapse microscopy, and phosphoproteomics, reveal unique signaling signatures for GLP-1R agonists at the level of receptor conformation, functional selectivity, and location bias, thus associating signaling neighborhoods with functionally distinct cellular outcomes and clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane C Wright
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Aikaterini Motso
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefania Koutsilieri
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian M Beusch
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Pierre Sabatier
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Berghella
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, 64100, Italy
| | - Élodie Blondel-Tepaz
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kimberley Mangenot
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | | | - Christian Le Gouill
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119146, Russia
- The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Alexander S Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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25
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Su X, Pang YT, Li W, Gumbart JC, Kelley J, Torres M. N-terminal intrinsic disorder is an ancestral feature of Gγ subunits that influences the balance between different Gβγ signaling axes in yeast. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104947. [PMID: 37354971 PMCID: PMC10393545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated G protein-coupled receptors promote the dissociation of heterotrimeric G proteins into Gα and Gβγ subunits that bind to effector proteins to drive intracellular signaling responses. In yeast, Gβγ subunits coordinate the simultaneous activation of multiple signaling axes in response to mating pheromones, including MAP kinase (MAPK)-dependent transcription, cell polarization, and cell cycle arrest responses. The Gγ subunit in this complex contains an N-terminal intrinsically disordered region that governs Gβγ-dependent signal transduction in yeast and mammals. Here, we demonstrate that N-terminal intrinsic disorder is likely an ancestral feature that has been conserved across different Gγ subtypes and organisms. To understand the functional contribution of structural disorder in this region, we introduced precise point mutations that produce a stepwise disorder-to-order transition in the N-terminal tail of the canonical yeast Gγ subunit, Ste18. Mutant tail structures were confirmed using circular dichroism and molecular dynamics and then substituted for the wildtype gene in yeast. We find that increasing the number of helix-stabilizing mutations, but not isometric mutation controls, has a negative and proteasome-independent effect on Ste18 protein levels as well as a differential effect on pheromone-induced levels of active MAPK/Fus3, but not MAPK/Kss1. When expressed at wildtype levels, we further show that mutants with an alpha-helical N terminus exhibit a counterintuitive shift in Gβγ signaling that reduces active MAPK/Fus3 levels whilst increasing cell polarization and cell cycle arrest. These data reveal a role for Gγ subunit intrinsically disordered regions in governing the balance between multiple Gβγ signaling axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Su
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yui Tik Pang
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wei Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Southeast Center for Mathematics and Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J C Gumbart
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua Kelley
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Matthew Torres
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Southeast Center for Mathematics and Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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26
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Tennakoon M, Thotamune W, Payton JL, Karunarathne A. CaaX-motif adjacent residues control G protein prenylation under suboptimal conditions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.04.547731. [PMID: 37461501 PMCID: PMC10349941 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.04.547731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Prenylation is a universal and irreversible post-translational modification that supports membrane interactions of proteins involved in various cellular processes, including migration, proliferation, and survival. Thus, dysregulation of prenylation contributes to multiple disorders, including cancers, vascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. During prenylation, prenyltransferase enzymes tether metabolically produced isoprenoid lipids to proteins via a thioether linkage. Pharmacological inhibition of the lipid synthesis pathway by statins has long been a therapeutic approach to control hyperlipidemia. Building on our previous finding that statins inhibit membrane association of G protein γ (Gγ) in a subtype-dependent manner, we investigated the molecular reasoning for this differential. We examined the prenylation efficacy of carboxy terminus (Ct) mutated Gγ in cells exposed to Fluvastatin and prenyl transferase inhibitors and monitored the subcellular localization of fluorescently tagged Gγ subunits and their mutants using live-cell confocal imaging. Reversible optogenetic unmasking-masking of Ct residues was used to probe their contribution to the prenylation process and membrane interactions of the prenylated proteins. Our findings suggest that specific Ct residues regulate membrane interactions of the Gγ polypeptide statin sensitivity, and prenylation efficacy. Our results also show that a few hydrophobic and charged residues at the Ct are crucial determinants of a protein's prenylation ability, especially under suboptimal conditions. Given the cell and tissue-specific expression of different Gγ subtypes, our findings explain how and why statins differentially perturb heterotrimeric G protein signaling in specific cells and tissues. Our results may provide molecular reasoning for repurposing statins as Ras oncogene inhibitors and the failure of using prenyltransferase inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Tennakoon
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Waruna Thotamune
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - John L. Payton
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
| | - Ajith Karunarathne
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
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27
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Kayser C, Melkes B, Derieux C, Bock A. Spatiotemporal GPCR signaling illuminated by genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 71:102384. [PMID: 37327640 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ligand-activated cell membrane proteins and represent the most important class of drug targets. GPCRs adopt several active conformations that stimulate different intracellular G proteins (and other transducers) and thereby modulate second messenger levels, eventually resulting in receptor-specific cell responses. It is increasingly accepted that not only the type of active signaling protein but also the duration of its stimulation and the subcellular location from where receptors signal distinctly contribute to the overall cell response. However, the molecular principles governing such spatiotemporal GPCR signaling and their role in disease are incompletely understood. Genetically encoded, fluorescent biosensors-in particular for the GPCR/cAMP signaling axis-have been pivotal to the discovery and molecular understanding of novel concepts in spatiotemporal GPCR signaling. These include GPCR priming, location bias, and receptor-associated independent cAMP nanodomains. Here, we review such technologies that we believe will illuminate the spatiotemporal organization of other GPCR signaling pathways that define the complex signaling architecture of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Kayser
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbora Melkes
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cécile Derieux
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bock
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
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28
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Radoux-Mergault A, Oberhauser L, Aureli S, Gervasio FL, Stoeber M. Subcellular location defines GPCR signal transduction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6059. [PMID: 37075112 PMCID: PMC10115417 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can be activated by permeant ligands, which contributes to agonist selectivity. Opioid receptors (ORs) provide a notable example, where opioid drugs rapidly activate ORs in the Golgi apparatus. Our knowledge on intracellular GPCR function remains incomplete, and it is unknown whether OR signaling in plasma membrane (PM) and Golgi apparatus differs. Here, we assess the recruitment of signal transducers to mu- and delta-ORs in both compartments. We find that Golgi ORs couple to Gαi/o probes and are phosphorylated but, unlike PM receptors, do not recruit β-arrestin or a specific Gα probe. Molecular dynamics simulations with OR-transducer complexes in bilayers mimicking PM or Golgi composition reveal that the lipid environment promotes the location-selective coupling. We then show that delta-ORs in PM and Golgi have distinct effects on transcription and protein phosphorylation. The study reveals that the subcellular location defines the signaling effects of opioid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucie Oberhauser
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simone Aureli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Luigi Gervasio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Geneva, CH-1206, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Miriam Stoeber
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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29
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Wang D, Yao Y, Wang S, Hou Y, Zhao L, Wang H, Chen H, Xu J. Structural Insights into M1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling Bias between Gαq and β-Arrestin through BRET Assays and Molecular Docking. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087356. [PMID: 37108518 PMCID: PMC10138654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The selectivity of drugs for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways is crucial for their therapeutic efficacy. Different agonists can cause receptors to recruit effector proteins at varying levels, thus inducing different signaling responses, called signaling bias. Although several GPCR-biased drugs are currently being developed, only a limited number of biased ligands have been identified regarding their signaling bias for the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1mAChR), and the mechanism is not yet well understood. In this study, we utilized bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays to compare the efficacy of six agonists in inducing Gαq and β-arrestin2 binding to M1mAChR. Our findings reveal notable variations in agonist efficacy in the recruitment of Gαq and β-arrestin2. Pilocarpine preferentially promoted the recruitment of β-arrestin2 (∆∆RAi = -0.5), while McN-A-343 (∆∆RAi = 1.5), Xanomeline (∆∆RAi = 0.6), and Iperoxo (∆∆RAi = 0.3) exhibited a preference for the recruitment of Gαq. We also used commercial methods to verify the agonists and obtained consistent results. Molecular docking revealed that certain residues (e.g., Y404, located in TM7 of M1mAChR) could play crucial roles in Gαq signaling bias by interacting with McN-A-343, Xanomeline, and Iperoxo, whereas other residues (e.g., W378 and Y381, located in TM6) contributed to β-arrestin recruitment by interacting with Pilocarpine. The preference of activated M1mAChR for different effectors may be due to significant conformational changes induced by biased agonists. By characterizing bias towards Gαq and β-arrestin2 recruitment, our study provides insights into M1mAChR signaling bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yunjin Yao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yifei Hou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lanxue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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30
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A multi-dimensional view of context-dependent G protein-coupled receptor function. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:13-20. [PMID: 36688421 PMCID: PMC9987931 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family members can sense an extraordinary variety of biomolecules to activate intracellular signalling cascades that modulate key aspects of cell physiology. Apart from their crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis, these critical sensory and modulatory properties have made GPCRs the most successful drug target class to date. However, establishing direct links between receptor activation of specific intracellular partners and individual physiological outcomes is still an ongoing challenge. By studying this receptor signalling complexity at increasing resolution through the development of novel biosensors and high-throughput techniques, a growing number of studies are revealing how receptor function can be diversified in a spatial, temporal or cell-specific manner. This mini-review will introduce recent examples of this context-dependent receptor signalling and discuss how it can impact our understanding of receptor function in health and disease, and contribute to the search of more selective, efficacious and safer GPCR drug candidates.
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Khan SM, Martin RD, Bayne A, Pétrin D, Bourque K, Jones-Tabah J, Bouazza C, Blaney J, Lau J, Martins-Cannavino K, Gora S, Zhang A, MacKinnon S, Trieu P, Clarke PBS, Trempe JF, Tanny JC, Hébert TE. Gβγ subunits colocalize with RNA polymerase II and regulate transcription in cardiac fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103064. [PMID: 36841480 PMCID: PMC10060754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gβγ subunits mediate many different signaling processes in various compartments of the cell, including the nucleus. To gain insight into the functions of nuclear Gβγ signaling, we investigated the functional role of Gβγ signaling in the regulation of GPCR-mediated gene expression in primary rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts. We identified a novel, negative, regulatory role for the Gβ1γ dimer in the fibrotic response. Depletion of Gβ1 led to derepression of the fibrotic response at the mRNA and protein levels under basal conditions and an enhanced fibrotic response after sustained stimulation of the angiotensin II type I receptor. Our genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that Gβ1 colocalized and interacted with RNA polymerase II on fibrotic genes in an angiotensin II-dependent manner. Additionally, blocking transcription with inhibitors of Cdk9 prevented association of Gβγ with transcription complexes. Together, our findings suggest that Gβ1γ is a novel transcriptional regulator of the fibrotic response that may act to restrict fibrosis to conditions of sustained fibrotic signaling. Our work expands the role for Gβγ signaling in cardiac fibrosis and may have broad implications for the role of nuclear Gβγ signaling in other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar M Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ryan D Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrew Bayne
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Darlaine Pétrin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kyla Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jace Jones-Tabah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Celia Bouazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacob Blaney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jenny Lau
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Gora
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andy Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah MacKinnon
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Phan Trieu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul B S Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Trempe
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jason C Tanny
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Multiple potassium channel tetramerization domain (KCTD) family members interact with Gβγ, with effects on cAMP signaling. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102924. [PMID: 36736897 PMCID: PMC9976452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate an array of intracellular signaling programs by activating heterotrimeric G proteins (Gα and Gβγ subunits). Therefore, G protein modifiers are well positioned to shape GPCR pharmacology. A few members of the potassium channel tetramerization domain (KCTD) protein family have been found to adjust G protein signaling through interaction with Gβγ. However, comprehensive details on the KCTD interaction with Gβγ remain unresolved. Here, we report that nearly all the 25 KCTD proteins interact with Gβγ. In this study, we screened Gβγ interaction capacity across the entire KCTD family using two parallel approaches. In a live cell bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based assay, we find that roughly half of KCTD proteins interact with Gβγ in an agonist-induced fashion, whereas all KCTD proteins except two were found to interact through coimmunoprecipitation. We observed that the interaction was dependent on an amino acid hot spot in the C terminus of KCTD2, KCTD5, and KCTD17. While KCTD2 and KCTD5 require both the Bric-à-brac, Tramtrack, Broad complex domain and C-terminal regions for Gβγ interaction, we uncovered that the KCTD17 C terminus is sufficient for Gβγ interaction. Finally, we demonstrated the functional consequence of the KCTD-Gβγ interaction by examining sensitization of the adenylyl cyclase-cAMP pathway in live cells. We found that Gβγ-mediated sensitization of adenylyl cyclase 5 was blunted by KCTD. We conclude that the KCTD family broadly engages Gβγ to shape GPCR signal transmission.
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Xu X, Wu G. Non-canonical Golgi-compartmentalized Gβγ signaling: mechanisms, functions, and therapeutic targets. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:98-111. [PMID: 36494204 PMCID: PMC9901158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein Gβγ subunits are key mediators of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling under physiological and pathological conditions; their inhibitors have been tested for the treatment of human disease. Conventional wisdom is that the Gβγ complex is activated and subsequently exerts its functions at the plasma membrane (PM). Recent studies have revealed non-canonical activation of Gβγ at intracellular organelles, where the Golgi apparatus is a major locale, via translocation or local activation. Golgi-localized Gβγ activates specific signaling cascades and regulates fundamental cell processes such as membrane trafficking, proliferation, and migration. More recent studies have shown that inhibiting Golgi-compartmentalized Gβγ signaling attenuates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and prostate tumorigenesis, indicating new therapeutic targets. We review novel activation mechanisms and non-canonical functions of Gβγ at the Golgi, and discuss potential therapeutic interventions by targeting Golgi-biased Gβγ-directed signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Dmitrieva DA, Kotova TV, Safronova NA, Sadova AA, Dashevskii DE, Mishin AV. Protein Design Strategies for the Structural–Functional Studies of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:S192-S226. [PMID: 37069121 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923140110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are an important family of membrane proteins responsible for many physiological functions in human body. High resolution GPCR structures are required to understand their molecular mechanisms and perform rational drug design, as GPCRs play a crucial role in a variety of diseases. That is difficult to obtain for the wild-type proteins because of their low stability. In this review, we discuss how this problem can be solved by using protein design strategies developed to obtain homogeneous stabilized GPCR samples for crystallization and cryoelectron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Dmitrieva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Kotova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Nadezda A Safronova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Sadova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Dmitrii E Dashevskii
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Alexey V Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.
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35
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Kankanamge D, Tennakoon M, Karunarathne A, Gautam N. G protein gamma subunit, a hidden master regulator of GPCR signaling. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102618. [PMID: 36272647 PMCID: PMC9678972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins (αβγ subunits) that are activated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate the biological responses of eukaryotic cells to extracellular signals. The α subunits and the tightly bound βγ subunit complex of G proteins have been extensively studied and shown to control the activity of effector molecules. In contrast, the potential roles of the large family of γ subunits have been less studied. In this review, we focus on present knowledge about these proteins. Induced loss of individual γ subunit types in animal and plant models result in strikingly distinct phenotypes indicating that γ subtypes play important and specific roles. Consistent with these findings, downregulation or upregulation of particular γ subunit types result in various types of cancers. Clues about the mechanistic basis of γ subunit function have emerged from imaging the dynamic behavior of G protein subunits in living cells. This shows that in the basal state, G proteins are not constrained to the plasma membrane but shuttle between membranes and on receptor activation βγ complexes translocate reversibly to internal membranes. The translocation kinetics of βγ complexes varies widely and is determined by the membrane affinity of the associated γ subtype. On translocating, some βγ complexes act on effectors in internal membranes. The variation in translocation kinetics determines differential sensitivity and adaptation of cells to external signals. Membrane affinity of γ subunits is thus a parsimonious and elegant mechanism that controls information flow to internal cell membranes while modulating signaling responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kankanamge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mithila Tennakoon
- Department of Chemistry, St Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - N Gautam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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36
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Kolesnikov AV, Lobysheva E, Gnana-Prakasam JP, Kefalov VJ, Kisselev OG. Regulation of rod photoreceptor function by farnesylated G-protein γ-subunits. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272506. [PMID: 35939447 PMCID: PMC9359561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G-protein transducin, Gt, is a key signal transducer and amplifier in retinal rod and cone photoreceptor cells. Despite similar subunit composition, close amino acid identity, and identical posttranslational farnesylation of their Gγ subunits, rods and cones rely on unique Gγ1 (Gngt1) and Gγc (Gngt2) isoforms, respectively. The only other farnesylated G-protein γ-subunit, Gγ11 (Gng11), is expressed in multiple tissues but not retina. To determine whether Gγ1 regulates uniquely rod phototransduction, we generated transgenic rods expressing Gγ1, Gγc, or Gγ11 in Gγ1-deficient mice and analyzed their properties. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting demonstrated the robust expression of each transgenic Gγ in rod cells and restoration of Gαt1 expression, which is greatly reduced in Gγ1-deficient rods. Electroretinography showed restoration of visual function in all three transgenic Gγ1-deficient lines. Recordings from individual transgenic rods showed that photosensitivity impaired in Gγ1-deficient rods was also fully restored. In all dark-adapted transgenic lines, Gαt1 was targeted to the outer segments, reversing its diffuse localization found in Gγ1-deficient rods. Bright illumination triggered Gαt1 translocation from the rod outer to inner segments in all three transgenic strains. However, Gαt1 translocation in Gγ11 transgenic mice occurred at significantly dimmer background light. Consistent with this, transretinal ERG recordings revealed gradual response recovery in moderate background illumination in Gγ11 transgenic mice but not in Gγ1 controls. Thus, while farnesylated Gγ subunits are functionally active and largely interchangeable in supporting rod phototransduction, replacement of retina-specific Gγ isoforms by the ubiquitous Gγ11 affects the ability of rods to adapt to background light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Kolesnikov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Elena Lobysheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jaya P. Gnana-Prakasam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Vladimir J. Kefalov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Oleg G. Kisselev
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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37
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Mazurara GR, Dallagnol JCC, Chatenet D, Allen BG, Hébert TE. The complicated lives of GPCRs in cardiac fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C813-C822. [PMID: 35938678 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00120.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the cardiovascular system is well understood in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In the former, stimulation of Gs-coupled receptors leads to increases in contractility, while stimulation of Gq-coupled receptors modulates cellular survival and hypertrophic responses. In VSMCs, stimulation of GPCRs also modulates contractile and cell growth phenotypes. Here, we will focus on the relatively less well studied effects of GPCRs in cardiac fibroblasts, focusing on key signalling events involved in the activation and differentiation of these cells. We also review the hierarchy of signalling events driving the fibrotic response and the communications between fibroblasts and other cells in the heart. We discuss how such events may be distinct depending on where the GPCRs and their associated signalling machinery are localized in these cells with an emphasis on nuclear membrane-localized receptors. Finally, we explore what such connections between cell surface and nuclear GPCR signalling might mean for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace R Mazurara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Juliana C C Dallagnol
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche en Ingénierie des Peptides et en Pharmacothérapie (GRIPP), Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada.,Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Chatenet
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche en Ingénierie des Peptides et en Pharmacothérapie (GRIPP), Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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38
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Luo H, Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Wickman K. Neuronal G protein-gated K + channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C439-C460. [PMID: 35704701 PMCID: PMC9362898 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00102.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK/Kir3) channels exert a critical inhibitory influence on neurons. Neuronal GIRK channels mediate the G protein-dependent, direct/postsynaptic inhibitory effect of many neurotransmitters including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, dopamine, adenosine, somatostatin, and enkephalin. In addition to their complex regulation by G proteins, neuronal GIRK channel activity is sensitive to PIP2, phosphorylation, regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, intracellular Na+ and Ca2+, and cholesterol. The application of genetic and viral manipulations in rodent models, together with recent progress in the development of GIRK channel modulators, has increased our understanding of the physiological and behavioral impact of neuronal GIRK channels. Work in rodent models has also revealed that neuronal GIRK channel activity is modified, transiently or persistently, by various stimuli including exposure drugs of abuse, changes in neuronal activity patterns, and aversive experience. A growing body of preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that dysregulation of GIRK channel activity contributes to neurological diseases and disorders. The primary goals of this review are to highlight fundamental principles of neuronal GIRK channel biology, mechanisms of GIRK channel regulation and plasticity, the nascent landscape of GIRK channel pharmacology, and the potential relevance of GIRK channels to the pathophysiology and treatment of neurological diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichang Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Kevin Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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39
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Komorowski M. Making sense of BMP signaling complexity. Cell Syst 2022; 13:349-351. [PMID: 35588697 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular signaling systems are immensely complex. Dedicated experimental and theoretical approaches are therefore required to decipher how they function. In this issue of Cell Systems, two studies systematically interrogate the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathway, uncovering mechanisms and consequences of distinct responses to combinations of BMP ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Komorowski
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
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40
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Hanson J. [G proteins: privileged transducers of 7-transmembrane spanning receptors]. Biol Aujourdhui 2022; 215:95-106. [PMID: 35275054 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2021011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors or GPCR are the most abundant membrane receptors in our genome with around 800 members. They play an essential role in most physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. In addition, they constitute 30% of the targets of currently marketed drugs and remain an important reservoir for new innovative therapies. Their main effectors are heterotrimeric G proteins. These are composed of 3 subunits, α, β and γ, which, upon coupling with a GPCR, dissociate into Gα and Gβγ to activate numerous signaling pathways. This article describes some of the recent advances in understanding the function and role of heterotrimeric G proteins. After a short introduction to GPCRs, the history of the discovery of G proteins is briefly described. Then, the fundamental mechanisms of activation, signaling and regulation of G proteins are reviewed. New paradigms concerning intracellular signaling, specific recognition of G proteins by GPCRs as well as biased signaling are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Hanson
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Moléculaire, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, Université de Liège, CHU, B34, Tour GIGA (+4), Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgique
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41
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Guo P, Tai Y, Wang M, Sun H, Zhang L, Wei W, Xiang YK, Wang Q. Gα 12 and Gα 13: Versatility in Physiology and Pathology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:809425. [PMID: 35237598 PMCID: PMC8883321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.809425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as the largest family of receptors in the human body, are involved in the pathological mechanisms of many diseases. Heterotrimeric G proteins represent the main molecular switch and receive cell surface signals from activated GPCRs. Growing evidence suggests that Gα12 subfamily (Gα12/13)-mediated signaling plays a crucial role in cellular function and various pathological processes. The current research on the physiological and pathological function of Gα12/13 is constantly expanding, Changes in the expression levels of Gα12/13 have been found in a wide range of human diseases. However, the mechanistic research on Gα12/13 is scattered. This review briefly describes the structural sequences of the Gα12/13 isoforms and introduces the coupling of GPCRs and non-GPCRs to Gα12/13. The effects of Gα12/13 on RhoA and other signaling pathways and their roles in cell proliferation, migration, and immune cell function, are discussed. Finally, we focus on the pathological impacts of Gα12/13 in cancer, inflammation, metabolic diseases, fibrotic diseases, and circulatory disorders are brought to focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paipai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Tai
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Manman Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hanfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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42
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Liccardo F, Luini A, Di Martino R. Endomembrane-Based Signaling by GPCRs and G-Proteins. Cells 2022; 11:528. [PMID: 35159337 PMCID: PMC8834376 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and G-proteins have a range of roles in many physiological and pathological processes and are among the most studied signaling proteins. A plethora of extracellular stimuli can activate the GPCR and can elicit distinct intracellular responses through the activation of specific transduction pathways. For many years, biologists thought that GPCR signaling occurred entirely on the plasma membrane. However, in recent decades, many lines of evidence have proved that the GPCRs and G-proteins may reside on endomembranes and can start or propagate signaling pathways through the organelles that form the secretory route. How these alternative intracellular signaling pathways of the GPCR and G-proteins influence the physiological and pathological function of the endomembranes is still under investigation. Here, we review the general role and classification of GPCRs and G-proteins with a focus on their signaling pathways in the membrane transport apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Liccardo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 555 Mission Bay Blvd., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Alberto Luini
- Istituto per L’endocrinologia e L’oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)—Sede Secondaria, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosaria Di Martino
- Istituto per L’endocrinologia e L’oncologia Sperimentale “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)—Sede Secondaria, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Kolb P, Kenakin T, Alexander SPH, Bermudez M, Bohn LM, Breinholt CS, Bouvier M, Hill SJ, Kostenis E, Martemyanov K, Neubig RR, Onaran HO, Rajagopal S, Roth BL, Selent J, Shukla AK, Sommer ME, Gloriam DE. Community Guidelines for GPCR Ligand Bias: IUPHAR Review XX. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3651-3674. [PMID: 35106752 PMCID: PMC7612872 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors modulate a plethora of physiological processes and mediate the effects of one-third of FDA-approved drugs. Depending on which ligand activates a receptor, it can engage different intracellular transducers. This 'biased signaling' paradigm requires that we now characterize physiological signaling not just by receptors but by ligand-receptor pairs. Ligands eliciting biased signaling may constitute better drugs with higher efficacy and fewer adverse effects. However, ligand bias is very complex, making reproducibility and description challenging. Here, we provide guidelines and terminology for any scientists to design and report ligand bias experiments. The guidelines will aid consistency and clarity, as the basic receptor research and drug discovery communities continue to advance our understanding and exploitation of ligand bias. Scientific insight, biosensors, and analytical methods are still evolving and should benefit from and contribute to the implementation of the guidelines, together improving translation from in vitro to disease-relevant in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Terry Kenakin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, North, Carolina, USA
| | | | - Marcel Bermudez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Christian S Breinholt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephen J Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kirill Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Rick R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - H Ongun Onaran
- Molecular Biology and Technology Development Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, North, Carolina, USA
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Martha E Sommer
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Current affiliation: ISAR Bioscience Institute, Munich-Planegg, Germany
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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DiBerto JF, Olsen RHJ, Roth BL. TRUPATH: An Open-Source Biosensor Platform for Interrogating the GPCR Transducerome. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2525:185-195. [PMID: 35836068 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2473-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most highly targeted protein family by United States Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. Despite their historic and continued importance as drug targets, their therapeutic potential remains underexplored and underexploited. While it has been known for some time that GPCRs are able to engage multiple signaling pathways, the majority of drug research and development has followed the older dogma of a single primary pathway for each receptor. This has been due in part to historical reasons, or to a lack of appreciation of the potential to exploit specific pathways over others as a therapeutic modality. Additionally, only recently have technologies been developed to discern selective GPCR-G protein interactions. In this chapter, we introduce TRUPATH, a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based platform that allows the unambiguous measurement of receptor-catalyzed dissociation or rearrangement of 14 Gα subunits from their respective Gβ and Gγ subunits. Specifically, we provide a detailed protocol for TRUPATH plasmid transfection, microplate preparation, assay implementation, and data analysis. In doing so, we create a template for using TRUPATH to answer basic biological questions, such as "To which G proteins does a given GPCR couple?", and facilitate drug discovery efforts to identify ligands with intra- and inter-G protein family pathway selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey F DiBerto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Reid H J Olsen
- Discovery Biology and GPCR Pharmacology, Exscientia PLC., Oxford, UK
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Selective Manipulation of G-Protein γ 7 Subunit in Mice Provides New Insights into Striatal Control of Motor Behavior. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9065-9081. [PMID: 34544837 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1211-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulatory coupling of dopamine D1 (D1R) and adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) to adenylyl cyclase within the striatum is mediated through a specific Gαolfβ2γ7 heterotrimer to ultimately modulate motor behaviors. To dissect the individual roles of the Gαolfβ2γ7 heterotrimer in different populations of medium spiny neurons (MSNs), we produced and characterized conditional mouse models, in which the Gng7 gene was deleted in either the D1R- or A2AR/D2R-expressing MSNs. We show that conditional loss of γ7 disrupts the cell type-specific assembly of the Gαolfβ2γ7 heterotrimer, thereby identifying its circumscribed roles acting downstream of either the D1Rs or A2ARs in coordinating motor behaviors, including in vivo responses to psychostimulants. We reveal that Gαolfβ2γ7/cAMP signal in D1R-MSNs does not impact spontaneous and amphetamine-induced locomotor behaviors in male and female mice, while its loss in A2AR/D2R-MSNs results in a hyperlocomotor phenotype and enhanced locomotor response to amphetamine. Additionally, Gαolfβ2γ7/cAMP signal in either D1R- or A2AR/D2R-expressing MSNs is not required for the activation of PKA signaling by amphetamine. Finally, we show that Gαolfβ2γ7 signaling acting downstream of D1Rs is selectively implicated in the acute locomotor-enhancing effects of morphine. Collectively, these results support the general notion that receptors use specific Gαβγ proteins to direct the fidelity of downstream signaling pathways and to elicit a diverse repertoire of cellular functions. Specifically, these findings highlight the critical role for the γ7 protein in determining the cellular level, and hence, the function of the Gαolfβ2γ7 heterotrimer in several disease states associated with dysfunctional striatal signaling.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dysfunction or imbalance of cAMP signaling in the striatum has been linked to several neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dystonia, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. By genetically targeting the γ7 subunit in distinct striatal neuronal subpopulations in mice, we demonstrate that the formation and function of the Gαolfβ2γ7 heterotrimer, which represents the rate-limiting step for cAMP production in the striatum, is selectively disrupted. Furthermore, we reveal cell type-specific roles for Gαolfβ2γ7-mediated cAMP production in the control of spontaneous locomotion as well as behavioral and molecular responses to psychostimulants. Our findings identify the γ7 protein as a novel therapeutic target for disease states associated with dysfunctional striatal cAMP signaling.
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Extended Phenotyping and Functional Validation Facilitate Diagnosis of a Complex Patient Harboring Genetic Variants in MCCC1 and GNB5 Causing Overlapping Phenotypes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091352. [PMID: 34573334 PMCID: PMC8469011 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying multiple ultra-rare genetic syndromes with overlapping phenotypes is a diagnostic conundrum in clinical genetics. This study investigated the pathogenicity of a homozygous missense variant in GNB5 (GNB5L; NM_016194.4: c.920T > G (p. Leu307Arg); GNB5S; NM_006578.4: c.794T > G (p. Leu265Arg)) identified through exome sequencing in a female child who also had 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (3-MCC) deficiency (newborn screening positive) and hemoglobin E trait. The proband presented with early-onset intellectual disability, the severity of which was more in keeping with GNB5-related disorder than 3-MCC deficiency. She later developed bradycardia and cardiac arrest, and upon re-phenotyping showed cone photo-transduction recovery deficit, all known only to GNB5-related disorders. Patient-derived fibroblast assays showed preserved GNB5S expression, but bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assay showed abolished function of the variant reconstituted Gβ5S containing RGS complexes for deactivation of D2 dopamine receptor activity, confirming variant pathogenicity. This study highlights the need for precise phenotyping and functional assays to facilitate variant classification and clinical diagnosis in patients with complex medical conditions.
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Free RB, Cuoco CA, Xie B, Namkung Y, Prabhu VV, Willette BKA, Day MM, Sanchez-Soto M, Lane JR, Laporte SA, Shi L, Allen JE, Sibley DR. Pharmacological characterization of the imipridone anti-cancer drug ONC201 reveals a negative allosteric mechanism of action at the D 2 dopamine receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:372-387. [PMID: 34353882 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ONC201 is a first-in-class imipridone compound that is in clinical trials for the treatment of high-grade gliomas and other advanced cancers. Recent studies identified that ONC201 antagonizes D2-like dopamine receptors at therapeutically relevant concentrations. In the current study, characterization of ONC201 using radioligand binding and multiple functional assays revealed that it was a full antagonist of the D2 and D3 receptors (D2R and D3R) with low micromolar potencies, similar to its potency for anti-proliferative effects. Curve-shift experiments using D2R-mediated b-arrestin recruitment and cAMP assays revealed that ONC201 exhibited a mixed form of antagonism. An operational model of allostery was used to analyze these data, which suggested that the predominant modulatory effect of ONC201 was on dopamine efficacy with little to no effect on dopamine affinity. To investigate how ONC201 binds to the D2R, we employed scanning mutagenesis coupled with a D2R-mediated calcium efflux assay. Eight residues were identified as being important for ONC201's functional antagonism of the D2R. Mutation of these residues followed by assessing ONC201 antagonism in multiple signaling assays highlighted specific residues involved in ONC201 binding. Together with computational modeling and simulation studies, our results suggest that ONC201 interacts with the D2R in a bitopic manner where the imipridone core of the molecule protrudes into the orthosteric binding site, but does not compete with dopamine, whereas a secondary phenyl ring engages an allosteric binding pocket that may be associated with negative modulation of receptor activity. Significance Statement ONC201 is a novel antagonist of the D2 dopamine receptor with demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of various cancers, especially high-grade glioma. In this study, we demonstrate that it antagonizes the D2 receptor with novel bitopic and negative allosteric mechanisms of action, which may explain its high selectivity and some of its clinical anti-cancer properties that are distinct from other D2 receptor antagonists widely used for the treatment of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, NIH / NINDS, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Robert Lane
- Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Abstract
An abiding issue has been parsing out the cellular impact of multiple Gβ and Gγ subtypes. In an article in this issue of Cell Systems, Masuho et al. use a system developed to probe how distinct Gβγ combinations respond to GPCR stimulation and adopt distinct trafficking itineraries in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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