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Chan JA, Bosma H, Lakerveld J, Schram MT, van Greevenbroek M, Koster A. Social cohesion and associations with sedentary time, physical activity and dietary quality in The Maastricht Study. Prev Med 2024; 183:107970. [PMID: 38653391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRO We aim to investigate the relationship between social cohesion and sedentary behavior (SB), total physical activity (PA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and dietary quality. Additionally, we assess whether these associations are independent of neighborhood walkability and the food environment. METHODS A total of 7641 participants from The Maastricht Study in the Netherlands between the ages of 40 and 75 years were analyzed. Neighborhood social cohesion was obtained by participant questionnaire completed at baseline and measured by the Dutch Livability meter. Home addresses were linked to geographic information system (GIS) data from the Geoscience and Health Cohort Consortium (GECCO) to create neighborhood exposures of walkability and food environment. A thigh worn accelerometer collected data to measure sedentary time, total daily PA, and MVPA. Dietary quality was measured with a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic position, neighborhood walkability, and food environment. RESULTS Those living in the highest quartile area of perceived social cohesion had statistically significant lower levels of SB (Q4 B: -13.04; 95% CI = -20.23, -5.85), higher total PA (Q4 B: 4.39; 95% CI = 1.69, 7.10), and higher MVPA (Q4 B: 2.57; 95% CI = 0.83, 4.31) and better diet quality (Q4 B: 1.12; 95% CI = 0.24, 2.01) compared to the lowest quartile independent of walkability and food environment. Similar results were found using the Livability meter. CONCLUSION We discovered neighborhood social cohesion as an important obesogenic determinant that should be considered in policymaking to encourage higher levels of PA and higher diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Alexander Chan
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northern California VA Healthcare System, Martinez, CA, USA.
| | - Hans Bosma
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda T Schram
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen van Greevenbroek
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Sharifi S, Rostami F, Babaei Khorzoughi K, Rahmati M. Effect of time-restricted eating and intermittent fasting on cognitive function and mental health in older adults: A systematic review. Prev Med Rep 2024; 42:102757. [PMID: 38774517 PMCID: PMC11107340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Emerging evidence suggests that dietary interventions hold promise for promoting cognitive function and mental well-being in aging populations. This systematic review aimed to examine the potential relationship between Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) and Intermittent Fasting (IFA) with cognitive function and mental health in older adults. Methods A thorough exploration was undertaken on electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, up to October 2023, following PRISMA standards. The evaluation of the quality and potential bias in the incorporated articles involved the use of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Results From a total of 539 articles initially identified, eight studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. Out of these eight studies, six focused on cognitive function, and 2 focused on mental health. The reviewed articles encompassed a wide range of population sizes, with the number of older adults studied varying from 10 to 1357, reflecting a diverse cohort of individuals. Conclusions.The findings suggest that TRE and IFA may have a positive impact on cognitive function and mental health in this population. However, additional research is needed to fully comprehend this relationship. Therefore, future research should specifically examine factors such as the duration and timing of the eating window in TRE, as well as the physical condition of older adults, to provide a more nuanced understanding of the cognitive and mental health benefits of TRE and IFA in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sharifi
- Department of Geriatric and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rostami
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kimia Babaei Khorzoughi
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rahmati
- Department of Geriatric and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
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Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Martín-Baute MR, Ledesma-Cerrato MI, Castellote-Caballero Y, González-Martín AM, Hita-Contreras F, Cano-Sánchez J, Aibar-Almazán A. Effects of a Yoga Program Combined with a Mediterranean Diet on Nutritional Status and Functional Capacity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1601. [PMID: 38892534 PMCID: PMC11175083 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: With the aging population, effective interventions are needed to enhance the health of older adults. This study investigated the combined effects of yoga and the Mediterranean diet on various health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults; (2) Methods: The study employed a randomized controlled trial design with a total of 116 older adults randomized to an experimental group (n = 57) that underwent a combined yoga and Mediterranean diet program and a control group (n = 59) that did not receive any intervention. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment, flexibility with the Back Scratch Test and the Chair Sit-and-Reach Test, balance, gait, and fall risk with the Tinetti Scale, and muscle strength with a dynamometer and the 30 s Chair Stand Test; (3) Results: Regarding nutritional status, there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group (Cohen's d = 0.02). The participants in the experimental group showed greater balance (11.12 ± 3.01 vs. 10.03 ± 2.35, Cohen's d = 0.41 and gait (7.63 ± 1.96 vs. 6.69 ± 2.50, Cohen's d = 0.44) with respect to the control group. In terms of flexibility, the experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in the right arm (Cohen's d = 0.43), left arm (Cohen's d = 0.64), right perineum (Cohen's d = 0.42), and left leg (Cohen's d = 0.37) Finally, in terms of strength, participants in the experimental group experienced statistically significant improvements in grip strength and lower body strength (Cohen's d = 0.39 and 0.81, respectively); (4) Conclusions: The study highlights the potential benefits of a 12-week intervention combining yoga with a Mediterranean diet to improve the health and functional capacities of community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile
- Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ana María González-Martín
- Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Higher Education Center for Teaching and Educational Research, Plaza de San Martín, 4, 28013 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fidel Hita-Contreras
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Javier Cano-Sánchez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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4
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Cnudde K, De Vylder F, Cardon G, Maes I, Van Dyck D. Within- and between-person associations of time-varying determinants with snacking in older adults: an ecological momentary assessment study. Br J Nutr 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38764384 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Promoting healthy snacking is important in addressing malnutrition, overweight and obesity among an ageing population. However, little is known about the factors underlying snacking behaviour in older adults. The present study aimed to explore within- and between-person associations between determinants (i.e. intention, visibility of snacks, social modelling and emotions) and snacking behaviours (i.e. decision to snack, health factor of the snack and portion size) in older adults (60+). Conducting a two-part intensive longitudinal design, data were analysed from forty-eight healthy older adults consisting of (1) an event-based self-report ecological momentary assessment (EMA) diary every time they had a snack and (2) a time-based EMA questionnaire on their phone five times per day. Analysis through generalised linear mixed models indicated that higher intention to snack healthily leads to healthier snacking while higher levels of social modelling and cheerfulness promote unhealthier choices within individuals. At the between-person level, similar results were found for intention and social modelling. Visibility of a snack increased portion size at both a within- and between-person level, while the intention to eat a healthy snack only increased portion size at the between-person level. No associations were found between the decision to snack and all determinants. This is the first study to investigate both within- and between-person associations between time-varying determinants and snacking in older adults. Such information holds the potential for incorporation into just-in-time adaptive interventions, allowing for personalised tailoring, more effective promotion of healthier snacking behaviours and thus pursuing the challenge of healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Cnudde
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Flore De Vylder
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iris Maes
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Souza ACR, Vasconcelos AR, Dias DD, Komoni G, Name JJ. The Integral Role of Magnesium in Muscle Integrity and Aging: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5127. [PMID: 38140385 PMCID: PMC10745813 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by significant physiological changes, with the degree of decline varying significantly among individuals. The preservation of intrinsic capacity over the course of an individual's lifespan is fundamental for healthy aging. Locomotion, which entails the capacity for independent movement, is intricately connected with various dimensions of human life, including cognition, vitality, sensory perception, and psychological well-being. Notably, skeletal muscle functions as a pivotal nexus within this intricate framework. Any perturbation in its functionality can manifest as compromised physical performance and an elevated susceptibility to frailty. Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a central role in approximately 800 biochemical reactions within the human body. Its distinctive physical and chemical attributes render it an indispensable stabilizing factor in the orchestration of diverse cellular reactions and organelle functions, thereby rendering it irreplaceable in processes directly impacting muscle health. This narrative review offers a comprehensive exploration of the pivotal role played by magnesium in maintaining skeletal muscle integrity, emphasizing the critical importance of maintaining optimal magnesium levels for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José João Name
- Kilyos Assessoria, Cursos e Palestras, São Paulo 01311-100, Brazil; (A.C.R.S.); (A.R.V.); (D.D.D.); (G.K.)
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Pan D, Guo J, Su Z, Wang J, Wu S, Guo J, Gu Y. Association of the controlling nutritional status score with all-cause mortality and cancer mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: NHANES 1999-2018. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:175. [PMID: 37599357 PMCID: PMC10440932 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are studies on the nutritional status of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there are no large cohort studies on the prognosis of Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score for T2D. The aim of this study was to examine the association between CONUT score and all-cause mortality as well as cancer mortality in adults with T2D. METHODS For this study, we analyzed a total of 3763 adult patients with T2D who were part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. Mortality outcomes were determined by linking to the National Death Index records as of December 31, 2019. Cox proportional risk models were used to estimate risk ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and cancer deaths. RESULTS During the mean follow-up of 8.17 years, there were 823 deaths from all causes and 155 deaths from cancer. After adjusting for multiple variables, the risk of all-cause mortality was higher in patients with a Mild (CONUT score ≥ 2), compared with patients with a Normal (CONUT score of 0-1). All-cause mortality risk was 39% higher, and cancer mortality risk was 45% higher. Consistent results were observed when stratified by age, sex, race, BMI, smoking status, and glycated hemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS In a nationally representative sample of American adults with T2D, we found an association between CONUT score and all-cause mortality and cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikang Pan
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Julong Guo
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiang Su
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sensen Wu
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Massey J, Wiese D, McCullough ML, Jemal A, Islami F. The Association Between Census Tract Healthy Food Accessibility and Life Expectancy in the United States. J Urban Health 2023; 100:572-576. [PMID: 37378819 PMCID: PMC10323062 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Accessibility of healthy food is an important predictor for several health outcomes, but its association with life expectancy is unclear. We evaluated the association between U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Research Atlas measures of healthy food accessibility and life expectancy at birth across contiguous U.S. census tracts using spatial modeling analysis. Both income and healthy food accessibility were associated with life expectancy at birth, as indicated by shorter life expectancy in low-income census tracts when comparing tracts with similar healthy food accessibility level, and in low-access tracts when comparing tracts with similar income level. Compared to high-income/high-access census tracts, life expectancy at birth was lower in high-income/low-access (- 0.33 years; 95% confidence interval - 0.42, - 0.28), low-income/high-access (- 1.45 years; - 1.52, - 1.38), and low-income/low-access (- 2.29 years; - 2.38, - 2.21) tracts after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and incorporating vehicle availability. Effective interventions to increase healthy food accessibility may improve life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Massey
- Cancer Disparity Research, Department of Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, 3380 Chastain Meadows Parkway, Suite 200, Kennesaw, Atlanta, Georgia, 30144, USA
| | - Daniel Wiese
- Cancer Disparity Research, Department of Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, 3380 Chastain Meadows Parkway, Suite 200, Kennesaw, Atlanta, Georgia, 30144, USA.
| | | | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Cancer Disparity Research, Department of Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, 3380 Chastain Meadows Parkway, Suite 200, Kennesaw, Atlanta, Georgia, 30144, USA
| | - Farhad Islami
- Cancer Disparity Research, Department of Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, 3380 Chastain Meadows Parkway, Suite 200, Kennesaw, Atlanta, Georgia, 30144, USA
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Torres-Peña JD, Arenas-de Larriva AP, Alcala-Diaz JF, Lopez-Miranda J, Delgado-Lista J. Different Dietary Approaches, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061483. [PMID: 36986213 PMCID: PMC10058124 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the first cause of chronic liver disease and is also associated with other harmful entities such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. NAFLD is a significant public health concern worldwide, impacting individuals of all ages, and its prevalence is projected to increase in the near future due to its connection with obesity. Intrinsic (genetics) and external (lifestyle) factors may also modulate NAFLD, and, in turn, may partly explain the observed relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although many drugs are been tested to treat NAFLD, to date, no drug has indication to specifically treat this disorder. Thus, the current management of NAFLD relies on lifestyle modifications and specifically on weight loss, physical activity, and the intake of a healthy diet. In the present narrative review, we will discuss the effects of certain dietary patterns on NAFLD incidence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose D Torres-Peña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio P Arenas-de Larriva
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Alcala-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Shin HR, Kim YS, Park YK, Koo SK, Son WH, Han JW, Son EH, Kang HJ, Choi KH, Han JS, Lee HS, Lim HS. Nutritional Status and Frailty Improvement through Senior-Friendly Diet among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in South Korea. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061381. [PMID: 36986111 PMCID: PMC10051771 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering that Korea’s aging population is rapidly increasing, health serves as an indicator of older adults’ quality of life, and dietary life directly affects their health. For health maintenance and improvement, preventive healthcare measures including safe food selection and nutritional supply are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of senior-friendly diet on nutrition and health status improvement in older adults receiving community care. A total of 180 older adults were analyzed, with 154 and 26 in the senior-friendly diet intervention group and the general diet group, respectively. Surveys, blood tests, and frailty evaluations were conducted before and after the study. After 5 months of intervention, the blood status, nutrient intake, and frailty level were evaluated. The participants’ mean age was 82.7 years, and 89.4% of them were living alone. In both groups, energy, protein, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, calcium, and magnesium intake were insufficient initially but generally improved after the intervention. Especially in the intervention group, energy, protein, vitamin D, vitamin C, and folic acid intake significantly increased. The frailty level also slightly improved, and the malnutrition rate was reduced. Even after the passage of time, the improvement effect size significantly differed between the groups. Therefore, resolving and supporting meals corresponding to the physiological needs of the older adults has a great impact on improving their quality of life, and such special consideration is a reasonable way to respond to a super-aged society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ri Shin
- Department of Gerontology, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (H.-R.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Young-Sun Kim
- Department of Gerontology, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (H.-R.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Yoo-Kyung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (Y.-K.P.)
| | - Seul-Ki Koo
- Department of Gerontology, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (H.-R.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Woo-Hyun Son
- Department of Gerontology, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (H.-R.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Jae-Won Han
- Department of Gerontology, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (H.-R.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Eun-Ha Son
- Department of Gerontology, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (H.-R.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Hae-Jin Kang
- Department of Medical Nutrition, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (Y.-K.P.)
| | - Kyeong-Hee Choi
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan 54576, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Han
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan 54576, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Lee
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan 54576, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Lim
- Department of Gerontology, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (H.-R.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-201-2936
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10
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Saiyi Wang, Wen J, Miao D, Sun Z, Li D, Pan E. Mediating effect of BMI on the relation of dietary patterns and glycemic control inT2DM patients: results from China community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:468. [PMID: 36899345 PMCID: PMC10007773 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of different dietary types on in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and determine the mediating effects of Body Mass Index (BMI) on dietary type with Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) on the associations in T2DM. METHODS Data of community-based cross-sectional study with 9602 participants including 3623 men and 5979 women were collected from the project 'Comprehensive Research in prevention and Control of Diabetes mellitus (CRPCD)' conducted by Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2018. The dietary data were collected from a food frequency qualitative questionnaire (FFQ) and dietary patterns were derived through Latent Class Analysis (LCA). Then, Logistics regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of FPG, HbA1c with different dietary patterns. The BMI (BMI = height/weight2) was used as a moderator to estimate the mediating effect. Mediation analysis was performed using hypothetical variables, the mediation variables, to identify and explain the observed mechanism of association between the independent and dependent variables while the moderation effect was tested with multiple regression analysis with interaction terms. RESULTS After completing Latent Class Analysis (LCA), the dietary patterns were divided into three categories: TypeI, TypeII, TypeIII. After adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, education level, marital status, family income, smoking, drinking, disease course, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, TG, oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin therapy, Hypertension, Coronary heart disease, Stroke, Type III were all significantly associated with HbA1c compared to those with Type I (P < 0.05), and the research showed the patients with Type III had High glycemic control rate. Taking type I as the reference level, the 95% Bootstrap confidence intervals of the relative mediating effect of TypeIII on FPG were (-0.039, -0.005), except 0, indicating that the relative mediating effect was significant (αIII = 0.346*, βIIIFPG = -0.060*). The mediating effect analysis was performed to demonstrate that BMI was used as a moderator to estimate the moderation effect. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that consuming Type III dietary patterns associates with good glycemic control in T2DM and the BMI associations would be playing a two-way effect between diet and FPG in Chinese population with T2DM, indicated that Type III could not only directly affect FPG, but also affect FPG through the mediating effect of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiyi Wang
- Huai 'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaian, 223001, China.,School of public health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Jinbo Wen
- Huai 'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaian, 223001, China
| | - Dandan Miao
- Huai 'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaian, 223001, China
| | - Zhongming Sun
- Huai 'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaian, 223001, China
| | - Dianjiang Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Enchun Pan
- Huai 'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaian, 223001, China. .,School of public health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
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11
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Rodríguez-Mañas L, Murray R, Glencorse C, Sulo S. Good nutrition across the lifespan is foundational for healthy aging and sustainable development. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1113060. [PMID: 36761990 PMCID: PMC9902887 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1113060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensuring healthy lives and promoting wellbeing across the age spectrum are essential to sustainable development. Nutrition is at the heart of the World Health Organization (WHO) Sustainable Development Goals, particularly for Sustainable Development Goal 2/Subgoal 2, which is to End all forms of malnutrition by 2030. This subgoal addresses people of all ages, including targeted groups like young children and older adults. In recent decades, there have been marked advances in the tools and methods used to screen for risk of malnutrition and to conduct nutritional assessments. There have also been innovations in nutritional interventions and outcome measures related to malnutrition. What has been less common is research on how nutritional interventions can impact healthy aging. Our Perspective article thus takes a life-course approach to consider what is needed to address risk of malnutrition and why, and to examine how good nutrition across the lifespan can contribute to healthy aging. We discuss broad-ranging yet interdependent ways to improve nutritional status worldwide-development of nutritional programs and policies, incorporation of the best nutrition-care tools and methods into practice, provision of professional training for quality nutritional care, and monitoring health and economic benefits of such changes. Taken together, our Perspective aims to (i) identify current challenges to meeting these ideals of nutritional care, and to (ii) discover enabling strategies for the improvement of nutrition care across the lifespan. In harmony with the WHO goal of sustainable development, we underscore roles of nutrition to foster healthy human development and healthy aging worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Service of Geriatrics, Getafe University Hospital and CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Getafe, Spain,*Correspondence: Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas,
| | - Robert Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Emeritus, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Suela Sulo
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, United States
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12
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Association between Dietary Patterns and Depression in Chinese Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study Based on CLHLS. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245230. [PMID: 36558386 PMCID: PMC9782901 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and depression in Chinese older adults. (2) Method: A cohort study was conducted on the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of depression in older adults based on the China Health and Longevity Longitudinal Survey (CLHLS) from 2011 to 2014. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. The relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of depression after four years was examined using logistic regression, and subgroup analysis was carried out to determine whether the association differed by gender. (3) Results: A total of 2873 older adults were included in our cohort study. Three dietary patterns were identified: vegetable-egg-bean-milk pattern, meat-fish pattern, and salt-preserved vegetable-garlic pattern. The vegetable-egg-beans-milk pattern was negatively correlated with the risk of geriatric depression development (adjusted OR = 0.65 (95%CI: 0.49-0.87)), and the salt-preserved vegetable-garlic pattern was positively associated with aged depression risk (adjusted OR = 1.33 (95CI: 1.00-1.77)). The meat-fish pattern was not associated with the risk of depression in older adults. These associations were consistent in both men and women. (4) Conclusions: In this cohort study, the vegetable-egg-beans-milk dietary pattern was associated with lower risk of depression, while the salt-preserved vegetable-garlic dietary pattern was associated with higher risk of depression, and there were no gender differences in these associations.
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13
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Alvear-Vega S, Vargas-Garrido H. Social Determinants of the Non-Utilization of the Supplementary Feeding Program (PACAM) Aimed at Older Adults' Nutritional Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14580. [PMID: 36361459 PMCID: PMC9656771 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chile has implemented the PACAM program to support older people with nutrition and for the prevention of malnutrition and frailty. This work aims to identify the social determinants of older persons not withdrawing PACAM food in order to obtain helpful knowledge for improving the program. First, the CASEN Survey 2017 was used (960,498 observations); the inclusion criterion was PACAM recipients (Yes/No). Next, a probit model was performed with a dichotomous response to determine the marginal effects of each independent variable (e.g., demographic, health, and social). The model shows a good fit (64.4%) with an explained variance between 10.5% to 14.1%. Those variables with more significant marginal effects are people aged 70-75, having tertiary and secondary education, urban living, not participating in social organizations, immigrants, and living in the austral zone. On the other hand, a higher likelihood of consumption was found among people of greater vulnerability (lowest income, lowest education, low health insurance, and aged over 80) and, therefore, in greater fragility. To conclude, the program achieves effective targeting, although improvement actions are required to expand coverage in some groups (indigenous people, immigrants, and people with disabilities). Moreover, authorities should evaluate and reinforce the program with tailored strategies for the older adults who actually withdraw food.
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14
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Puzianowska-Kuznicka M, Kurylowicz A, Wierucki L, Owczarek AJ, Jagiello K, Mossakowska M, Zdrojewski T, Chudek J. Obesity in Caucasian Seniors on the Rise: Is It Truly Harmful? Results of the PolSenior2 Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214621. [PMID: 36364882 PMCID: PMC9658066 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality; however, data suggest that in old age, obesity is not detrimental. The study’s objective was to verify whether obesity frequency still increases in Polish Caucasian seniors and to verify the “obesity paradox”. Five thousand and fifty-seven community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 65 years completed a detailed medical questionnaire, underwent measurements of the body mass index (BMI) and the waist circumference (WC), and an evaluation of physical and cognitive performances. Over a decade, general obesity increased by 2.1%, mostly due to a 3.9% increase in men. Abdominal obesity increased by 1.0%, mainly due to males, in whom it increased by 3.9%. Obesity increased the risk of several aging-related diseases, but this effect was less pronounced in the oldest-old. Obesity did not adversely affect the physical and cognitive functioning or mortality. Through a multivariable analysis, the BMI and WC remained the independent predictors of the Katz Activities of Daily Living score (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) and Mini-Mental State Examination score (both p < 0.001). The Kaplan−Meier survival curves revealed that overweight and obesity classes 1 and 2 were associated with the lowest mortality. Through a multivariable analysis, overweight, class 1 obesity, and abdominal obesity remained the independent predictors of a decreased mortality (all p < 0.001). In conclusion, we found that overweight and obesity are not detrimental in seniors, including the oldest-old. We suggest that the anthropometric values defining obesity should be modified for age-advanced people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-226086591; Fax: +48-226085532
| | - Alina Kurylowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Wierucki
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Education, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Kacper Jagiello
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Education, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Mossakowska
- Study on Ageing and Longevity, International Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zdrojewski
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Education, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Department of Internal Diseases and Oncological Chemotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
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15
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Naaman RK. Nutrition Behavior and Physical Activity of Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Saudi Arabia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193994. [PMID: 36235647 PMCID: PMC9572763 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As people get older, their nutritional status deteriorates, resulting in increased vulnerability to chronic diseases. The adoption of a healthy lifestyle has been linked to improved health throughout the aging process. The current study aimed to assess nutritional behaviors, dietary patterns, and physical activity among middle-aged and older adults in Saudi Arabia. An electronic questionnaire was completed between September and November 2021 by 419 participants aged 45 years and older. Of those, 65% reported that nutrition was important to them and 19% stated that they were consuming a healthy diet. Participants reported consuming an average of around 6 servings/week each of fruit and vegetables, with mean intake scores of 5.92 ± 0.25 and 5.57 ± 0.22, respectively. It was reported that around 3 servings/week of red meat, 4 servings/week of poultry, and 1 serving/week of fish were consumed, with mean intake scores of 2.65 ± 0.13, 4.34 ± 0.16, and 1.36 ± 0.08, respectively. Most of the participants (60%) reported being inactive. Middle-aged and older adults living in Saudi Arabia have poor dietary patterns and nutritional behaviors. Education and guidance on nutrition are needed for this population to help them improve their diet and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouba Khalil Naaman
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Hawrylyshen N, Lengyel C. Body Satisfaction and Associated Predictors Among Baby Boomer Women in Rural and Urban Manitoba. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2022; 83:160-167. [PMID: 36004731 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2022-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines body satisfaction, weight attitudes, dieting behaviours, and aging concerns of baby boomer women (BBW; born 1946-1965) from rural and urban Manitoba.Methods: Primary data collection occurred November 2015, and 1083 participants completed the Body Image and Food Choice Survey. Four strata of BBW were represented to examine differences between older and younger BBW and location of residence. Multinomial logistic regression models were fit to determine predictors of weight and appearance satisfaction. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05.Results: Fifty-three percent of participants were satisfied with their appearance, whereas only 34% were satisfied with their weight. Ninety-one percent desired to lose weight (29.9 ± 29.3 lbs). Aging anxiety was evident for 46% of participants and associated with appearance satisfaction (χ2 = 27.46, df = 4, p < 0.001). Body work and dieting behaviours were used to mitigate body dissatisfaction, and media influence was associated with both appearance (χ2 = 76.17, df = 6, p < 0.001) and weight satisfaction (χ2 = 67.90, df = 6, p < 0.001). Desired weight change, appearance stress, appearance importance, and self-rated health predicted both weight and appearance satisfaction.Conclusions: There is a need for greater awareness of aging women's body image concerns and the need for age-appropriate tools/resources to help dietitians support women achieve a healthy body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Hawrylyshen
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences; Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 35 Chancellors Circle, 417 Human Ecology Building, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Christina Lengyel
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, 35 Chancellors Circle, 405 Human Ecology Building, Winnipeg, MB
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17
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Lee SW, Kim KS, Park SW, Kim J, Choi JH, Lee S, Joung KW, Choi IC. Application of the New Preoperative Frailty Risk Score in Elderly Patients Undergoing Emergency Surgery. Gerontology 2022; 68:1276-1284. [PMID: 35576904 DOI: 10.1159/000524760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting preoperative frailty risk in emergency surgery is difficult with limited information because preoperative evaluation is not commonly performed properly. A recent study attempted to predict preoperative frailty risk using only diagnostic and surgical codes that can be extracted from the electronic medical records system. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to validate whether the prediction model of preoperative frailty risk presented in the previous study is well applied to other medical hospitals' data. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study including 1,557 patients (≥75 years old) who were admitted to a single institution for emergency operations between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, for study analysis. The Charlson comorbidity index, Hospital Frailty Risk Score, and the recently developed Operation Frailty Risk Score (OFRS) were calculated using the patient's diagnostic and operation codes. The predictive performances of these calculated risk scores and the American Society of Anesthesiologists-Physical Status classification for postoperative 90-day mortality were compared by using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. FINDINGS The predictive performance of the OFRS, Charlson comorbidity index, American Society of Anesthesiologists-Physical Status, and Hospital Frailty Risk Score for postoperative 90-day mortality was 0.81, 0.630, 0.699, and 0.549 on a c-statistics basis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The OFRS using diagnostic and operation codes may show the best predictive performance for 90-day mortality compared to other risk scores, and it can be the clinically applicable model to evaluate the preoperative frailty risk in elderly patients undergoing emergency surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Wook Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Keon-Sik Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Woon Joung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Dinu M, Pagliai G, Del Bo' C, Porrini M, Riso P, Serafini M, Sofi F, Martini D, Angelino D. DIet and Health From reGIstered Trials on ClinicalTrials.gov: The DIGIT Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:870776. [PMID: 35548571 PMCID: PMC9083457 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.870776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical trial registration has become a valuable tool that can be used to track the status and nature of trials conducted on a specific topic. This approach has been applied to many areas of research, but less is known about the characteristics and trends over time of clinical trials focused on diet and health. The aim of this study was to analyze diet-related clinical trials registered on the National Institute of Health “ClinicalTrials.gov” web platform in the last 10 years, to list and describe their characteristics, and to identify possible gaps to be filled in the future research. Methods A search was performed on the ClinicalTrials.gov database. Intervention studies registered from January 2010 to December 2020, conducted on adults, with a follow-up of ≥2 weeks, evaluating the impact of different diets on all outcomes except those assessed with scales or questionnaires were considered. Results At the end of the selection process, a total of 1,016 registered clinical trials were identified and included in the analysis. The most investigated dietary approaches were balanced diets (n = 381 trials), followed by those based on a modification of macronutrients (n = 288) and time-restricted feeding and intermittent fasting diets (n = 140). The main measured outcomes included anthropometric parameters and body composition (57.8%), glycemic control parameters (49.7%), lipid parameters (40.1%), inflammatory markers (29.1%), and blood pressure and/or heart rate (24.5%). A growing body of studies also focused on microbiota and host metabolism (17.8%). Most studies had a duration of less than 12 weeks (~60%), and more than 90% of studies enrolled volunteers with overweight/obesity or other diseases. Regarding aging, only 21 studies focused only on older adults. Conclusion The number of studies investigating the relationship between diet and health has increased over the years. Despite the growing interest in the topic, there are some gaps, such as the limited duration of most trials, the underrepresentation of some population groups, and the limited number of studies for some diets that, although popular in the population, lack robust scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuditta Pagliai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Donato Angelino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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19
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Ji T, Zhang L, Han R, Peng L, Shen S, Liu X, Shi Y, Chen X, Chen Q, Li Y, Ma L. Management of Malnutrition Based on Multidisciplinary Team Decision-Making in Chinese Older Adults (3M Study): A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study Protocol. Front Nutr 2022; 9:851590. [PMID: 35651508 PMCID: PMC9150743 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.851590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In hospital settings, malnutrition affects 30-50% of aged inpatients and is related to a higher risk of hospital complications and death. This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of a tailored optimum nutritional therapy in malnourished, elderly inpatients based on multidisciplinary team recommendations in hopes of decreasing the incidence of deleterious clinical outcomes. Methods and Design This trial will be a multicenter, open-label, randomized control trial conducted in the geriatric wards of at least five hospitals in five different regions. We aim to include 500 inpatients over the age of 60 with or at risk of malnutrition based on a Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF) score of ≤ 11 points and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition with an expected length of stay of ≥ 7 days. Eligible inpatients will be randomized into a 1:1 ratio, with one receiving a multidisciplinary team intervention and the other receiving standard medical treatment or care alone. A structured comprehensive assessment of anthropometry, nutritional status, cognition, mood, functional performance, and quality of life will be conducted twice. These assessments will take place on the day of group allocation and 1 year after discharge, and a structured screening assessment for elderly malnutrition will be conducted at 3 and 6 months after discharge using the MNA-SF. The primary outcome will be nutritional status based on changes in MNA-SF scores at 3, 6 months, and 1 year. The secondary outcome will be changes in cognition, mood, functional status, length of hospital stay, and all-cause mortality 1 year after discharge. Discussion Guided by the concept of interdisciplinary cooperation, this study will establish a multidisciplinary nutrition support team that will develop an innovative intervention strategy that integrates nutritional screenings, evaluations, education, consultation, support, and monitoring. Moreover, nutritional intervention and dietary fortification will be provided to hospitalized elderly patients with or at risk of malnutrition. The nutrition support team will formulate a clinical map for malnutrition in elderly patients with standardized diagnosis and treatment for malnutrition in this population. Clinical Trial Registration [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [ChiCTR2200055331].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ji
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqing Shi
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xujiao Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Aihemaitijiang S, Zhang L, Ye C, Halimulati M, Huang X, Wang R, Zhang Z. Long-Term High Dietary Diversity Maintains Good Physical Function in Chinese Elderly: A Cohort Study Based on CLHLS from 2011 to 2018. Nutrients 2022; 14:1730. [PMID: 35565697 PMCID: PMC9105097 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: This study aimed to explore the correlation between dietary factors and physical function in Chinese elderly. (2) Methods: A cohort study was conducted on the association of long-term dietary intake status with physical function in older people based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2011 to 2018. The physical function of the subjects was judged according to the scores of basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The dietary diversity score was established according to the intake frequency of the food groups, and the dietary pattern score was obtained by factor analysis. The associations between dietary factors and functional impairment was investigated by logistic regressions. (3) Results: A total of 2282 subjects were included in our cohort study, 458 and 1439 of whom had BADL limitation and IADL limitation, respectively. The risk of functional impairment decreased in the consistent high dietary diversity groups compared with the consistent low dietary diversity group (p < 0.05). The fruit-egg-milk pattern, vegetable-meat-fish pattern, and condiment and tea pattern reduced the risk of functional impairment (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Long-term maintenance of high dietary diversity and increasing total dietary intake can help maintain good physical function of Chinese elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiya Aihemaitijiang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (S.A.); (C.Y.); (M.H.); (X.H.); (R.W.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK;
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (S.A.); (C.Y.); (M.H.); (X.H.); (R.W.)
| | - Mairepaiti Halimulati
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (S.A.); (C.Y.); (M.H.); (X.H.); (R.W.)
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (S.A.); (C.Y.); (M.H.); (X.H.); (R.W.)
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (S.A.); (C.Y.); (M.H.); (X.H.); (R.W.)
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (S.A.); (C.Y.); (M.H.); (X.H.); (R.W.)
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Hidalgo-Liberona N, Meroño T, Zamora-Ros R, Rabassa M, Semba R, Tanaka T, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Andres-Lacueva C, Cherubini A. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet assessed by a novel dietary biomarker score and mortality in older adults: the InCHIANTI cohort study. BMC Med 2021; 19:280. [PMID: 34814922 PMCID: PMC8611910 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary biomarkers may complement dietary intake assessment made by dietary questionnaires. We developed an a-posteriori dietary biomarkers score based on Mediterranean diet food groups and evaluated its association with mortality. METHODS 642 participants (56% female), aged ≥65 years, with complete data on dietary biomarkers were followed during 20 years in the InCHIANTI cohort study (Tuscany, Italy). The main outcomes were all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Dietary biomarkers were selected from literature and from correlation analyses with dietary intakes of Mediterranean diet food groups in the study. The baseline levels of the following dietary biomarkers were chosen: urinary total polyphenols and resveratrol metabolites, and plasma carotenoids, selenium, vitamin B12, linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, and the mono-unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio. Associations of the Mediterranean diet score using dietary biomarkers and a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (as tertiles) with mortality were assessed through Cox regression. RESULTS During the 20-year follow-up [median (Q1-Q3), 14 (8-18) years], and 435 deaths occurred (139 from cardiovascular diseases and 89 from cancer-related causes). In the fully adjusted models, the dietary biomarker-Mediterranean diet score was inversely associated with all-cause (HRT3vs.T1 0.72; 95%CI 0.56-0.91) and cardiovascular (HRT3vs.T1 0.60; 95%CI 0.38-0.93), but not with cancer mortality. Associations between the FFQ-Mediterranean diet score and mortality were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS A greater adherence at baseline to a Mediterranean diet assessed by a dietary biomarker score was associated with a lower risk of mortality in older adults during a 20-year follow-up. The measurement of dietary biomarkers may contribute to guide individualized dietary counseling to older people. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01331512.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hidalgo-Liberona
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Meroño
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Rabassa
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di Ricerca per l'invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
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22
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Ramos-Lopez O, Milton-Laskibar I, Martínez JA. Precision nutrition based on phenotypical traits and the (epi)genotype: nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic approaches for obesity care. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2021; 24:315-325. [PMID: 33859118 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this article is to rationally review and critically appraise the current knowledge in the most relevant nongenetic and genetic factors influencing obesity predisposition. This information may be translated into the implementation of personalized nutrition approaches involving precision nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic strategies for obesity monitoring and weight management. RECENT FINDINGS The importance and influence of several nongenetic contributors to obesity onset and individual responses to weight-loss interventions have been highlighted including the role of age, sex or perinatal feeding and others related to an individual's lifestyle and modifiable. Nutrigenetic studies have analysed potential interactions between polymorphisms influencing energy homeostasis/body composition and dietary factors in relation to adiposity phenotypes and therapy responsiveness. A second approach comprises the Nutrigenomic analysis of gene expression modifications in response to the consumption of specific nutrients or dietary bioactive compounds, which may involve epigenetic mechanisms including deoxyribonucleic acid methylation and micro-ribonucleic acid expression profiles. SUMMARY Taken together, these findings encompass the importance of taking into account up-to-date advances in Nutrigenetic and Nutrigenomic hallmarks, globally analysing the risk of weight gain and related outcomes after following nutrition counselling, this contributing to improve obesity care considering phenotypical traits and the genetic make-up for precision obesity care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA- Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Spanish National Research Council
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA- Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Spanish National Research Council
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain
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23
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Zhang J, Zhao A. Dietary Diversity and Healthy Aging: A Prospective Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061787. [PMID: 34073820 PMCID: PMC8225052 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Population aging is a global phenomenon. The present study determined the effects of dietary diversity score (DDS) and food consumption on healthy aging. A subset of the data of the China Health and Nutrition Survey was utilized in this study. DDSs were calculated using the dietary data collected in the years 2009 and 2011. A healthy aging score (HAS) was calculated by summing the standardized scores on physical functional limitation, comorbidity, cognitive function, and psychological stress based on the data collected in the year 2015, with a lower HAS indicating a healthier aging process. Life quality was self-reported in the year 2015. This study found that DDS was inversely associated with HAS (T3 vs. T1: β −0.16, 95%CI −0.20 to −0.11, p-trend <0.001). The consumption of meat and poultry, aquatic products, and fruits was inversely associated with HAS, and participants in the highest tertile of staple foods consumption had a higher HAS than those in the lowest tertile. HAS was inversely associated with good self-reported life quality and positively associated with bad life quality. In conclusion, food consumption may influence the aging process, and adherence to a diverse diet is associated with a healthier aging process in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100091, China;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100091, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-1113-1994
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