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Davis CJ, Levinbook EJ, Spearman SR, Burrow AL. Derailment is associated with increased depressed mood at lower levels of stress: An experimental approach. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:320-330. [PMID: 39032709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an emergent developmental construct, derailment - an individual difference hallmarked by a temporal discordance of the self - has been positively associated with depressive features, though less is known about the role of stress in this relationship. The aim of the present study was to explore the interaction between derailment and subjective stress on depressed mood. METHODS 265 adults recruited through Prolific - a crowd sourcing platform were first tasked with completing baseline measures, then were randomly assigned to a low stress or high stress condition. We utilized an adapted version of the Online Trier Stress Test to manipulate stress levels. Next, depressed mood and post-test perceived stress were measured. We analyzed data through STATA using a two-tailed independent samples t-test and multiple linear regression. RESULTS Findings suggested the experimental manipulation increased subjective stress within the high stress condition compared to the low stress condition (Mdiff = 36.14, SE = 4.4, t = 8.21, p < .001). Further, we found the interaction between derailment and stress conditions was associated with increased depressed mood (β = -0.11, SE = 0.05, p = .038, R2 = 0.5). Notably, we found significant between-condition differences in depressed mood for those who endorsed either low (d = 0.22, SE = 0.07, p = .003) or moderate levels of derailment (d = 0.11, SE = 0.05, p = .033), but not for those who endorsed high levels of derailment (d = 0.01, SE = 0.07, p = .92). LIMITATIONS This study utilized self-report measures, which may be susceptible to biased responses. CONCLUSIONS Derailment may play a role in the persistence of depressed mood regardless of varying contexts of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Davis
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, United States of America; Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, Cornell University, United States of America.
| | - Emma J Levinbook
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, United States of America
| | - Sydnie R Spearman
- Department of Counselor Education, The Chicago School, United States of America
| | - Anthony L Burrow
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, United States of America; Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, Cornell University, United States of America
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Gewirtz-Meydan A, Bőthe B, Spivak-Lavi Z. The Associations of Pornography Use and Body Image Among Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:3379-3392. [PMID: 39112690 PMCID: PMC11390853 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between pornography use and men's body image, utilizing the social comparison theory as the theoretical framework. The research focused on a moderated mediation model, examining the role of social body comparison as a mediator between pornography use (frequency and problematic use) and men's body image. The sample consisted of 726 men aged 18-68, with 223 (30.7%) identifying as sexual minorities. Sexual minority men reported higher levels of pornography use frequency, problematic use, perceived realism, social body comparison, negative body image, and psychological distress compared to heterosexual men. Findings revealed that problematic pornography use (but not frequency of use) was related to higher levels of social body comparison, which, in turn, were related to higher levels of negative body image. The perceived realism in pornography did not moderate the examined associations. Clinicians should consider the impact of the relationship between pornography and body image among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel. agewirtz-@univ.haifa.ac.il
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, PQ, Canada
- Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les problèmes conjugaux et les agressions sexuelles, Montreal, PQ, Canada
| | - Zohar Spivak-Lavi
- Faculty of Social Work, Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Emek Yezreel, Israel
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3
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de Lira MDNS, Loureto GDL, Alexandrino KE, Freires LA, da Costa JCA, Vione KC. Dispositional greed and life satisfaction: the role of social comparison for well-being. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:1425-1436. [PMID: 38498980 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2024.2331494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of studies addressing the psychological mechanisms underlying the association between individual differences in greed and well-being. This study tested the relationship between dispositional greed, and satisfaction with life, as well as the moderating effect of social comparison orientation on this association (N = 373). As expected for hypothesis 1, we found that greed correlated negatively with satisfaction with life, and positively with social comparison orientation, even after controlling for individuals' mental health index (anxiety and depression), supporting the hypothesis 2. Further, the moderating effect of social comparison strengthened the relationship between high levels of dispositional greed and dissatisfaction with life, failing to support hypothesis 3. As such, individuals high on dispositional greed were less satisfied with life if they also showed lower (vs. medium level) levels of social comparison orientation. These findings add to the psychological literature on greed by showing that social comparison is not only positively related to it but can also be a vital mechanism for boosting psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Katia C Vione
- Department of Psychology, University of Derby, Derby, UK
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Wu D, Liu M, Li D, Yin H. The longitudinal relationship between loneliness and both social anxiety and mobile phone addiction among rural left-behind children: A cross-lagged panel analysis. J Adolesc 2024; 96:969-982. [PMID: 38375869 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Left-behind children are a special group that needs urgent attention. Due to enduring separation from their parents, loneliness is considered the most common and prevalent developmental hurdle in the experiences of left-behind children. This longitudinal cross-lagged study examined the direction of the association between loneliness and both internalizing and externalizing symptoms, with considering gender and left-behind status differences. METHODS A total of 1175 rural Chinese children (48.3% boys, 39.9% left-behind children, Mage = 14.54 ± 1.18 at baseline) completed self-reported loneliness, social anxiety, and mobile phone addiction at two-time points with 6 months intervals. Descriptive statistics, cross-lagged panel analysis, and multiple group analysis were estimated in the present study. RESULTS Loneliness exacerbated social anxiety and mobile phone addiction, and vice versa. In addition, gender and left-behind status moderated these relationships, with boys more likely to be mobile phone addicted due to loneliness and girls more likely to be lonely due to mobile phone addiction. More importantly, left-behind children with loneliness are more prone to social anxiety and mobile phone addiction, and vice versa, compared with non-left-behind children. CONCLUSIONS The targeted interventions should be carried out for different genders and left-behind statuses. Particularly for left-behind children, neglecting to address both the symptoms of loneliness and both social anxiety and mobile phone addiction could significantly undermine the efficacy of intervention programs that solely target either one of these afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Center for Mind & Brain Science, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Center for Mind & Brain Science, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Center for Mind & Brain Science, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huazhan Yin
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Center for Mind & Brain Science, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Chen Y, Pitafi AH, Saher L, Wang G. Feeling low: How social media influences employees' knowledge hidings and innovative behavior. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 246:104261. [PMID: 38615597 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior research has identified both positive and negative consequences arising from the widespread integration of social media within the organizations. The present research suggests that upward social comparison (USC) in social media is related to psychological disengagement resulting in knowledge hiding and lower innovative behavior of individuals. It further suggests that mindfulness mitigates the impact of USC in social media. A two-wave longitudinal survey reveals that individuals who engage in comparative self-assessment with friends projecting an aura of unattainable success on social media unwittingly cause psychological disengagement, a phenomenon which, in turn, precipitates a palpable decline in their innovative behavior and rise in knowledge hiding. Furthermore, our exploration unravels an intricate layer of this narrative - mindfulness of employees for online social interactions reduces this adverse cascade. This study draws attention to the necessity for vigilant managerial oversight. It serves as a clarion call, illuminating the concealed facets of social media, dappled with the intricate interplay of online social comparisons. This research transcends traditional paradigms by introducing a unique perspective on employee engagement with social media, contemplated in the context of online social comparison. It augments the current body of knowledge by shedding light on the complex interplay of these variables within the modern workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanji Chen
- School of Journalism and Communication, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Abdul Hameed Pitafi
- Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Laiba Saher
- Department of management, Superior College Punjab University, Pakistan
| | - Guiting Wang
- School of Journalism and Communication. Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Chen L, Xu Y, He Y. Social media use in the workplace: The role of social comparison in negative behaviors. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 243:104144. [PMID: 38301407 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The pervasive use of social media in professional environments has become a focal point of contemporary research. Particularly, the routine engagement of employees with platforms like Facebook and WeChat during work hours exposes them to peers' achievements, potentially triggering upward social comparisons. This study investigates the often-overlooked psychological and behavioral consequences of such comparisons among employees in workplace settings. Specifically, we address a significant research gap by examining how upward social comparisons on social media influence employees' emotions and subsequent workplace behaviors. Utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for data analysis, this research analyzes responses from 477 high-tech employees in China. Our findings reveal that upward social comparisons can engender feelings of workplace envy and ego depletion. These emotional states, in turn, adversely impact employee behavior, manifesting in diminished job performance, increased tendency towards knowledge hiding, and heightened engagement in cyber loafing. This study contributes to the broader understanding of social media's impact on employee psychology and behavior, offering valuable insights for both academic research and practical management within the context of technology-enhanced workplace environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmin Chen
- School of Marxism, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Transportation, Fujian University of Technology, 350000 Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan He
- School of Economics and Management, Fujian Polytechnic of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, 366000 Yong'an, China.
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Zhang M, Li X. Maintaining healthy lifestyle through fitness app use: A parallel mediation model from a nationwide survey. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241277483. [PMID: 39221083 PMCID: PMC11363243 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241277483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Adolescents face various health challenges due to academic pressures and sedentary lifestyles. Establishing healthy habits during this critical period is essential for long-term well-being. With the widespread use of fitness apps, understanding their impact on adolescent health behaviors and the underlying mechanisms is crucial. Guided by social support theory and social comparison theory, this study examined the influence of WeRun, a fitness app within WeChat, on adolescents' adoption of healthy lifestyles. It investigated the correlation between WeRun usage and healthy behaviors, as well as the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted across 31 provinces and metropolitans in China, utilizing a random cluster sampling approach targeting high school and freshman students aged 15-24 (N = 1312). A parallel mediation model was employed to test the hypotheses. Results The analysis showed that WeRun use positively predicted both social support and social comparison. Meanwhile, both social support and social comparison were positively associated with healthy lifestyles. Additionally, WeRun use could not directly predict healthy lifestyles. However, WeRun use indirectly predicted healthy lifestyles via social support and social comparison. Conclusions The study's findings revealed the pivotal roles of social support and social comparison as mediating variables in the relationship between adolescents' WeRun usage and adoption of healthy lifestyles. The results contributed to the current comprehension of the mechanisms linking app utilization to health-promoting behaviors. Furthermore, it provided valuable insights for promoting adolescent health and informed improved design strategies for fitness apps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Media & Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- School of Media & Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Stangl FJ, Riedl R, Kiemeswenger R, Montag C. Negative psychological and physiological effects of social networking site use: The example of Facebook. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1141663. [PMID: 37599719 PMCID: PMC10435997 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1141663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Social networking sites (SNS), with Facebook as a prominent example, have become an integral part of our daily lives and more than four billion people worldwide use SNS. However, the (over-)use of SNS also poses both psychological and physiological risks. In the present article, we review the scientific literature on the risk of Facebook (over-)use. Addressing this topic is critical because evidence indicates the development of problematic Facebook use ("Facebook addiction") due to excessive and uncontrolled use behavior with various psychological and physiological effects. We conducted a review to examine the scope, range, and nature of prior empirical research on the negative psychological and physiological effects of Facebook use. Our literature search process revealed a total of 232 papers showing that Facebook use is associated with eight major psychological effects (perceived anxiety, perceived depression, perceived loneliness, perceived eating disorders, perceived self-esteem, perceived life satisfaction, perceived insomnia, and perceived stress) and three physiological effects (physiological stress, human brain alteration, and affective experience state). The review also describes how Facebook use is associated with these effects and provides additional details on the reviewed literature, including research design, sample, age, and measures. Please note that the term "Facebook use" represents an umbrella term in the present work, and in the respective sections it will be made clear what kind of Facebook use is associated with a myriad of investigated psychological variables. Overall, findings indicate that certain kinds of Facebook use may come along with significant risks, both psychologically and physiologically. Based on our review, we also identify potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian J. Stangl
- Digital Business Institute, School of Business and Management, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Steyr, Austria
| | - René Riedl
- Digital Business Institute, School of Business and Management, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Steyr, Austria
- Institute of Business Informatics – Information Engineering, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Roman Kiemeswenger
- Institute of Business Informatics – Information Engineering, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Chen Z, Wu Y, Ma H, Niu G, Wang W. The Effect of Social Networking Site Use on Depression in Graduate Students: The Mediating Role of Negative Social Comparison and Moderating Role of Implicit Personality Theories. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050412. [PMID: 37232649 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate the effect of SNS use on graduate students' depression and further explored the effect of negative social comparison and an individual's implicit personality theory. METHODS Scales for Social Networking Site Use Intensity, the Negative Social Comparison Measure, the Implicit Personality Theory Inventory, and CES-D were used to investigate 1792 graduate students from a full-time university in Wuhan. RESULT (1) Social networking site use was positively correlated with negative social comparison and depression; (2) the mediating effect of negative social comparison was significant in social networking site use's influence on depression; (3) after controlling for negative social comparison, graduate students' use of SNS could negatively predict depression; and (4) the mediation effect of negative social comparison was moderated by an individual's implicit personality theory. Specifically, the mediation effect was more pronounced among the entity theorists, while the graduate students' incremental implicit personality theory may buffer the depressive effect of negative social comparison. CONCLUSIONS Negative social comparison mediates the relationship between SNS use and depression; in addition, individual differences in implicit personality theory (the entity theorist vs. incremental theorist) moderate the link between negative social comparison and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Chen
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Students' Mental Health Center, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yang Wu
- School of Marxism, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Gengfeng Niu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Weixin Wang
- Students' Mental Health Center, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Gewirtz-Meydan A, Spivak-Lavi Z. The association between problematic pornography use and eating disorder symptoms among heterosexual and sexual minority men. Body Image 2023; 45:284-295. [PMID: 37011472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the link between problematic pornography use and eating disorder symptoms in men, with body comparison and body image as mediators, and perceived realism and anxiety and depression as moderators. We also analyzed the model for both heterosexual and sexual minority men to detect any differences. The current study included 705 Israeli men, 479 of whom identified as heterosexual and 226 as sexual minority. The majority of the sample (90.6%) identified as Jewish with a mean age of 32.5. Results showed that problematic pornography use was linked to more upward body comparison, which in turn was related to negative body image, and ultimately, increased severity of eating disorder symptoms. Anxiety and depression moderated the association between male body image and eating disorder symptoms. However, perceived realism did not moderate the link between problematic pornography use and upward body comparison. Whereas there were significant differences in the mean rank values between heterosexual and sexual minority men in all measures, the processes linking these measures were virtually the same. To reduce the risk of developing or worsening eating disorder symptoms, clinicians working with male clients should assess for problematic pornography use and body image concerns during therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences University of Haifa, Israel. agewirtz-@univ.haifa.ac.il
| | - Zohar Spivak-Lavi
- Faculty of Social Work, Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Emek Yezreel, Israel.
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Carraturo F, Di Perna T, Giannicola V, Nacchia MA, Pepe M, Muzii B, Bottone M, Sperandeo R, Bochicchio V, Maldonato NM, Scandurra C. Envy, Social Comparison, and Depression on Social Networking Sites: A Systematic Review. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:364-376. [PMID: 36826211 PMCID: PMC9955439 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to review the evidence for the reciprocal relationship between envy and social comparison (SC) on social networking sites (SNSs) and depression. We searched PsychINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science from January 2012 to November 2022, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A total of 9 articles met our inclusion criteria. In all articles reviewed, a simple correlation was found between SC on SNSs, envy, and depression. Three cross-sectional studies successfully tested a model with envy as a mediator between SNSs and depression. The moderating role of additional variables such as self-efficacy, neuroticism, SC orientation, marital quality, and friendship type was also evident. The only two studies that were suitable to determine direction found that depression acted as a predictor rather than an outcome of SC and envy, and therefore depression might be a relevant risk factor for the negative emotional consequences of SNSs use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Carraturo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Tiziana Di Perna
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Viviana Giannicola
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Alfonso Nacchia
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Benedetta Muzii
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mario Bottone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Sperandeo
- School of Integrated Gestalt Psychotherapy—SIPGI, 80058 Torre Annunziata, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bochicchio
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Nelson Mauro Maldonato
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristiano Scandurra
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3341523239
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Ruan C, Lu Z, Li H, Lin W, Li D, Yuan J. More friends on SNS, more materialism? The moderating roles of self-esteem and social comparison orientation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283723. [PMID: 37163545 PMCID: PMC10171683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
On social networking sites, users are continuously exposed to a variety of posts from the networked individuals. Such information may often influence recipients' perceptions of what is important and goal pursuits such as materialism. Even though several studies have examined the negative consequences of using social networking sites, less attention has been paid to the role of friends' number and its impact on people's life goal pursuits. This study aimed to investigate the dark side of online friends and explored why and when more friends in social networking sites would promote materialism. Based on a sample of 264 WeChat users, study 1 discovered that friends' number positively impacted materialism through extrinsic goal (i.e., wealth and status). Additionally, such association was moderated by social comparison orientation and self-esteem. Importantly, self-esteem buffers the detrimental effect of friends' number on materialism while social comparison orientation increases it. Study 2 further tested the causal relationship and showed that friends' number on SNS might become a signal to indicate materialism via an experiment. In conclusion, our findings add to the understanding of psychological processes regarding the dark side of online friends' number and render suggestions for developing positive personal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhan Ruan
- School of Economics and Management, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhihuang Lu
- School of Economics and Management, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huizhong Li
- The Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhe Lin
- School of Economics and Management, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. R & D Center, Guangzhou, China
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Hu YT, Liu QQ, Ma ZF. Does Upward Social Comparison on SNS Inspire Adolescent Materialism? Focusing on the Role of Self-Esteem and Mindfulness. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 157:32-47. [PMID: 36279261 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2022.2134277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study tested the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of mindfulness in the association between upward social comparison on social network sites (SNSs) and adolescent materialism. A sample of 880 Chinese adolescents completed measures of upward social comparison on SNSs, materialism, self-esteem, mindfulness, and demographic information. Results showed that self-esteem mediated the link between upward social comparison on SNSs and adolescent materialism. That is, upward social comparison on SNSs was positively associated with adolescent materialism through the decreased self-esteem. Moreover, mindfulness acted as an important moderator in the mediation model. Both the direct association between upward social comparison on SNSs and materialism and the indirect association via self-esteem were moderated by mindfulness. These two associations were both weaker for adolescents with higher mindfulness than for those with lower mindfulness. These findings would advance our understanding of how and when upward social comparison on SNSs is associated with adolescent materialism. Limitations and implications of the present study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Hu
- Business School of Jiangnan University.,Psychology School of Central China Normal University
| | - Qing-Qi Liu
- College of Education for the Future of Beijing Normal University
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Gu C, Liu S, Chen S. The effect of trait mindfulness on social media rumination: Upward social comparison as a moderated mediator. Front Psychol 2022; 13:931572. [PMID: 36267062 PMCID: PMC9577495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.931572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media rumination means that social media users are inclined to worry about their posts, relevant situational elements, and ramifications of the posts on a regular basis, and it is one of the main reasons why people's use of social media is linked to unfavorable mental health and interpersonal results. Rumination is antagonistic to mindfulness, which entails paying attention on purpose and without judgment, and mindfulness appears to be useful in reducing rumination. However, in the context of social media, the nature of the relationship between rumination and mindfulness has gained less attention. The current research study indicates that trait mindfulness, upward social comparison (USC), and self-esteem are implicated in social media rumination (SMR). However, no research study has synthesized the findings into one model. Therefore, the current research study aims to explore the relationship between trait mindfulness and SMR, the mediating effect of USC, and the moderating effect of self-esteem. The model was tested using AMOS and the PROCESS macro in SPSS with bootstrapping. According to the findings, SC appears to have a moderated mediator effect on the relationship between trait mindfulness and SMR. Specifically, individuals with high mindfulness trait do not necessarily have less USC. Self-esteem moderated the above mediation. The beneficial effect of trait mindfulness on social media rumination is explained in depth in this study.
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Liu Y, Yi H. Social networking smartphone applications and emotional health among college students: The moderating role of social support. Sci Prog 2022; 105:368504221144439. [PMID: 36529902 PMCID: PMC10450471 DOI: 10.1177/00368504221144439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Young people are increasingly using social networking site (SNS) smartphone applications (apps), necessitating research on the effects of such use on the users' emotional health. The present study recruited 360 college students across mainland China and recorded their smartphone usage for one week using an automatic tracking app. Surveys assessing social support perception and emotional health were subsequently conducted. The study examined the relationship between SNS smartphone app usage (frequency and duration) and emotional health, as well as the moderating role of perceived social support in SNS smartphone usage and emotional health. Among individuals with high social support, SNS smartphone use was more strongly associated with better emotional health. These results suggest conditional benefits of using SNS smartphone apps, depending on the user's perceived social support. The implications for designing and using SNS smartphone apps are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Journalism & Communication, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongfa Yi
- School of Journalism & Communication, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Weiguo Z, Wen D, Qingtian L, Xinning W, Ming Z. Compared with Him or Her, I Am Not Good Enough: How to Alleviate Depression Due to Upward Social Comparison? THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 156:512-534. [PMID: 35981236 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2022.2101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study primarily aims to examine the mediating role of core self-evaluation and the moderating role of personal growth initiative (PGI) in the relationship between upward social comparison and senior high school students' depression and to explore the gender difference in this association. A total of 721 Chinese senior high school students (61.16% boys; M = 16.21 years, SD = 1.07) completed measures of upward social comparison, core self-evaluation, personal growth initiative, and depression. Results showed a significant positive correlation between upward social comparison and depression. Core self-evaluation partially mediated this association, and a gender difference in the indirect effect was revealed; that is, the effect was shown to be stronger for girls than for boys. Moreover, for boys, the mediating effect of core self-evaluation was moderated by PGI, and the effect was more potent for individuals with high PGI than for those with low PGI. However, no moderating effect of PGI on the indirect effect was found for girls. These findings suggest that prevention and interventions focusing on reducing upward social comparison and enhancing core self-evaluation may alleviate adolescents' depression symptoms and that more attention should be given to girls with low core self-evaluation and boys with high PGI.
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Guo S, Bi K, Zhang L, Jiang H. How Does Social Comparison Influence Chinese Adolescents' Flourishing through Short Videos? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8093. [PMID: 35805753 PMCID: PMC9266214 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Flourishing indicates one's emotional status and functioning level and is essential for adolescents' further development. Adolescents' social media use has been rising, with various potential effects on their development. Therefore, in this study, we shifted the emphasis from a traditional deficit-based approach to a strength-based approach by exploring how social comparison and social media usage influence Chinese adolescents' flourishing. Altogether, 786 Chinese adolescents aged 12-19 years completed a self-report questionnaire. The results indicate that (1) both social media social comparison of ability (SCA) and social media social comparison of opinion (SCO) have no significant effect on Chinese adolescents' flourishing; (2) integration into social routine has a positive indirect effect on the relationship between social media social comparison and flourishing; and (3) social integration and emotional connection negatively affect the relationship between social media social comparison and flourishing. These findings highlight the interaction between social media social comparison and social media usage. Furthermore, the results of this study clarify that the potentially harmful effect of social media usage on adolescents' flourishing is not determined by the frequency or time spent on using social media, but how much adolescents are connected to or invested in social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Guo
- College of Public Administration and Humanities, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;
| | - Kun Bi
- School of New Media, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Liwei Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - He Jiang
- Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China;
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Huang X, Fan P. The dark side of social media in the workplace: A social comparison perspective. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Kim HM. Social comparison of fitness social media postings by fitness app users. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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McCrory A, Best P, Maddock A. 'It's just one big vicious circle': young people's experiences of highly visual social media and their mental health. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2022; 37:167-184. [PMID: 35543267 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly visual social media (HVSM) platforms, such as Snapchat, Instagram and TikTok, are increasingly popular among young people. It is unclear what motivates young people to engage with these specific highly visual platforms and what impact the inherent features of HVSM have on young people's mental health. Nine semi-structured focus group sessions were conducted with males and females aged 14 and 15 years (n = 47) across five secondary schools in Northern Ireland. Thematic analyses were conducted, and a conceptual model was developed to illustrate the findings. This study found that features such as likes/comments on visuals and scrolling through a feed were associated with the role of 'viewer', instigating longer-lasting feelings of jealousy, inferiority and pressure to be accepted. To combat these negative emotions, young people turn to the role of 'contributor' by using filters, selecting highlights to post to their feed and adjusting their personas, resulting in temporary feelings of higher self-esteem, greater acceptance and popularity. As users of HVSM are constantly switching between the role of viewer and contributor, the emotions they experience are also constantly switching between instant inadequacy and instant gratification. HVSM appears to trigger an unrelenting process of emotional highs and lows for its adolescent users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna McCrory
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queens University Belfast, 6 College Park Avenue, Belfast BT7 1PS, UK
| | - Paul Best
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queens University Belfast, 6 College Park Avenue, Belfast BT7 1PS, UK
| | - Alan Maddock
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queens University Belfast, 6 College Park Avenue, Belfast BT7 1PS, UK
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Van Tran D, Nguyen T, Nguyen DM. Understanding how upward social comparison stimulates impulse buying on image-sharing social commerce platforms: A moderated mediation model of benign envy and self-esteem. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Zhao Q, Huang Y, Li C. Does adolescents’ Internet addiction trigger depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior, or vice versa? The moderating roles of peer relationships and gender. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Kim H, Schlicht R, Schardt M, Florack A. The contributions of social comparison to social network site addiction. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257795. [PMID: 34710108 PMCID: PMC8553147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive use of social network sites (SNSs) can often lead to negative consequences of frequent upward social comparisons despite having the social network platform to present users in a favorable light. However, the existing literature gives little evidence to social comparison related antecedents and consequents of uncontrollable use of SNSs. The present study aimed to investigate the contributions of social comparison to SNS addiction. In Study 1, using a convenient sample in Austria (n = 103), we showed that the tendency to engage in social comparisons of ability (but not of opinion) predicted self-reported SNS addiction over and above the feelings of relative deprivation on social support and status. SNS addiction mediated the relations between social comparison of ability and stress, but not self-esteem. In Study 2, using a broad sample of participants in Austria (n = 500), we replicated the findings observed in Study 1 and showed that contrastive upward social comparison emotions (i.e., envy, depression) mediated the relation between SNS addiction and lower self-esteem whereas the contrastive downward social comparison emotion (i.e., contentment) mediated the relation between SNS addiction and higher self-esteem. Our findings suggest that SNS addiction closely relates to psychological constructs relevant to social comparison, mediates the link between social comparison of ability and detrimental consequences (i.e., stress, well-being) and demonstrate how social comparison emotions relate to both positive and negative associations between SNS addiction and self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Kim
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Marlit Schardt
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnd Florack
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Wang T, Mai XT, Thai TDH. Approach or avoid? The dualistic effects of envy on social media users’ behavioral intention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Kavaklı M, Ünal G. The effects of social comparison on the relationships among social media addiction, self-esteem, and general belongingness levels. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 9:114-124. [PMID: 38013792 PMCID: PMC10658845 DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2021.105349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media addiction (SM) is a widespread and severe problem in today's world. It is associated with both self-esteem (SE) and general belongingness (GB). There are many studies related to these associations in the literature, but in this research an attempt was made to explain this mechanism based on social comparison theory. The aim of this study is to examine the indirect effect of social comparison (SC) on the relationship among SM, SE, and GB. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE The sample consisted of 311 university students studying at a state university in Turkey. Data were gathered by using a demographic information form, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the General Belongingness Scale, the Social Comparison Scale, and the Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form. The mediator effect of SC was determined via structural equation modelling. RESULTS The results indicate that SC has an indirect effect on the relation between SM and SE. Similarly, SC has an indirect effect on the relation between SM and GB. CONCLUSIONS People tend to compare themselves with other individuals, and this SC process can be made very easily and quickly via social media tools. Moreover, social media sites offer plenty of opportunities for SC, and this comparison consists of sometimes upward SC and sometimes downward SC processes. Downward and upward SC processes can regulate individuals' emotions, SE, and GB levels in social media either in a negative or positive way. The mediating role of SC in the relationship between SM, SE, and GB can be examined in terms of these upward and downward SC processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kavaklı
- Department of Psychology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Psychology, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Gülten Ünal
- Department of Psychology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Yang CC. Social media social comparison and identity processing styles: Perceived social pressure to be responsive and rumination as mediators. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2021.1894149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Li J, Zhang N, Yao M, Xing H, Liu H. Academic Social Comparison and Depression in Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-021-09436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Pang H. Unraveling the influence of passive and active WeChat interactions on upward social comparison and negative psychological consequences among university students. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2020.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Latif K, Weng Q, Pitafi AH, Ali A, Siddiqui AW, Malik MY, Latif Z. Social comparison as a double-edged sword on social media: The role of envy type and online social identity. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2020.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Social comparison on social networking sites. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 36:32-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Envy in Social Comparison–Behaviour Relationship: Is Social Comparison Always Bad? PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-020-00575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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32
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Lee JK. The effects of social comparison orientation on psychological well-being in social networking sites: Serial mediation of perceived social support and self-esteem. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 41:6247-6259. [PMID: 33078053 PMCID: PMC7556555 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of the social comparison orientation in social networking sites on psychological well-being. In particular, it examines the mediation effect of perceived social support and self-esteem in the relationship between social comparison orientation and psychological well-being. Data were collected through an online survey with 236 participants in South Korea. The results showed that social comparison orientation negatively influenced psychological well-being. In the relationship between social comparison orientation and psychological well-being, perceived social support had no mediation effect, self-esteem had a significant negative mediation effect, and perceived social support and self-esteem had a negative serial mediation effect. The social comparison orientation in social networking sites could elicit negative emotions, which decrease perceived social support, self-esteem, and psychological well-being. Theoretical and practical implications as well as suggestions for future studies are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyun Lee
- School of Advertising & Public Relations, Hongik University, B303-1, 2639, Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong-si, 30016 South Korea
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33
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Jattamart A, Leelasantitham A. Perspectives to social media usage of depressed patients and caregivers affecting to change the health behavior of patients in terms of information and perceived privacy risks. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04244. [PMID: 32613120 PMCID: PMC7322135 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been confirmed that the use of social media (SM) can affect the mental health of users. However, there is no explanation for its impact on health behavior. This study focuses on the perspectives of depressed patients and caregivers on social media usage and how it can change their health behavior. A questionnaire designed according to the framework of the I-Change Model (ICM) is used to collect data from a sample group. This group consists of 214 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorders, and 110 caregivers. The data is used to analyze causal relationships with the help of structural equation modeling. The results showed that from the patient's perspective it is essential to be aware of the content and volume of social media usage. An awareness of the perceived risk to privacy is also essentially a motivating factor in patients' decisions to use social media. The views of caregivers suggest that content valence has an essential role to play in their use of social media. After viewing content on social media patients change their behavior. The perceived privacy risk also plays a critical role in patients' decisions to use social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aungkana Jattamart
- Technology of Information System Management Division, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Adisorn Leelasantitham
- Technology of Information System Management Division, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
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Wang W, Zhou K, Yu Z, Li J. The Cost of Impression Management to Life Satisfaction: Sense of Control and Loneliness as Mediators. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:407-417. [PMID: 32440240 PMCID: PMC7217460 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s238344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Impression management, or self-presentation, prevails in our daily lives. However, whether it enhances or reduces individuals’ well-being remains underexplored. To fill this gap, the research proposed and tested the following hypotheses. Impression management is negatively related to life satisfaction. Impression management is negatively related to sense of control. Impression management is positively related to loneliness. Sense of control and loneliness mediate the relationship between impression management and life satisfaction. Methods Data were collected from an online survey of 243 Chinese adults drawn from a national sampling frame. We used LISREL8.8 to perform a series of CFAs to verify the distinctiveness of variables and conducted SEM modeling to test hypotheses. To further test the mediation hypotheses, we used bootstrapping procedures that generated a sample size of 5000. Results We found a negative association between impression management and life satisfaction. In addition, the association was fully mediated by sense of control and loneliness. Conclusion These results reveal that impression management is a negative indicator of life satisfaction because impression management impedes personal sense of control and elevates loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangshuai Wang
- School of Management, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zucheng Yu
- School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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35
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Griffioen N, Van Rooij MMJW, Lichtwarck-Aschoff A, Granic I. A Stimulated Recall Method for the Improved Assessment of Quantity and Quality of Social Media Use. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e15529. [PMID: 32012075 PMCID: PMC7013654 DOI: 10.2196/15529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social media are as popular as ever, and concerns regarding the effects of social media use on adolescent well-being and mental health have sparked many scientific studies into use effects. Social media research is currently at an important crossroads: conflicting results on social media use’s effects on well-being are abundant, and recent work in the field suggests that a new approach is required. The field is in need of an approach involving objective data regarding use where necessary and attention to different kinds of detail such as the why and how of social media use. Objective We present a novel paradigm implementing a principle from educational sciences called stimulated recall and demonstrate how it can be applied to social media use research. Our stimulated recall paradigm implements a number of elements that can fill the gaps currently present in social media and well-being research. Methods Objective data are collected regarding users’ social media behaviors through video footage and in-phone data and used for a structured stimulated recall interview to facilitate detailed and context-sensitive processing of these objective data. In this interview, objective data are reviewed with the participant in an act of co-research, in which details such as the reasons for their use (eg, boredom) and processes surrounding their use (eg, with whom) are discussed and visualized in a stimulated recall chart. Results Our ongoing study (N=53) implementing this paradigm suggests this method is experienced as pleasant by participants in spite of its personal and intensive nature. Conclusions The stimulated recall paradigm offers interesting and necessary avenues for approaching social media use research from new angles, addressing aspects of use that have thus far remained underexposed. The answers to questions such as “Why do adolescents use social media?” “In what ways exactly do they use social media?” and “How does social media use make them feel in the moment?” are now within reach, an important step forward in the field of social media use and well-being research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia Griffioen
- Developmental Psychopathology and Treatment, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marieke M J W Van Rooij
- Developmental Psychopathology and Treatment, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anna Lichtwarck-Aschoff
- Developmental Psychopathology and Treatment, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Isabela Granic
- Developmental Psychopathology and Treatment, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Abstract
This review delineates core components of the social media ecosystem, specifying how online platforms complicate established social psychological effects. We assess four pairs of social media elements and effects: profiles and self-presentation; networks and social mobilization; streams and social comparison; and messages and social connectedness. In the process, we describe features and affordances that comprise each element, underscoring the complexity of social media contexts as they shift to a central topic within psychology. Reflecting on this transitional state, we discuss how researchers will struggle to replicate the effects of dynamic social environments. Consequently, we outline the obstacles in isolating effects that reoccur across platforms, as well as the challenges and opportunities that come with measuring contexts across periods. By centering on the elements that define the online ecosystem, psychological research can establish a more durable foundation for replicating the effects of social media and chronicling the evolution of social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Bayer
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Penny Triệu
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;,
| | - Nicole B. Ellison
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;,
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37
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Barfar A. Cognitive and affective responses to political disinformation in Facebook. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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The grass is always greener on my Friends' profiles: The effect of Facebook social comparison on state self-esteem and depression. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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39
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Festl R, Reer F, Quandt T. Online sexual engagement and psychosocial well-being: The mediating role of sexual victimization experiences. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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40
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Thorisdottir IE, Sigurvinsdottir R, Asgeirsdottir BB, Allegrante JP, Sigfusdottir ID. Active and Passive Social Media Use and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depressed Mood Among Icelandic Adolescents. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2019; 22:535-542. [PMID: 31361508 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent use of social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat has increased dramatically over the last decade and now pervades their everyday social lives. Active and passive social media use may impact emotional health differently, but little is known about whether and to what extent either type of social media use influences emotional distress among young people. We analyzed population survey data collected from Icelandic adolescents (N = 10,563) to document the prevalence of social media use and investigate the relationship of both active and passive social media use with self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood. A hierarchical linear regression model revealed that passive social media use was related to greater symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood among adolescents and active social media use was related to decreased symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood, even after controlling for time spent on social media. When adding known risk and protective factors, self-esteem, offline peer support, poor body image, and social comparison to the model, active use was not related to emotional distress; however, passive use was still related to adolescent symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood. The effect of social media on emotional distress differed by gender as time spent on social media had a stronger relationship with emotional distress among girls. In addition, passive use was more strongly related to symptoms of depressed mood among girls. Future research should include risk and protective factors as mediators of different types of social media use and adolescent emotional distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingibjorg Eva Thorisdottir
- 1Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- 2Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - John P Allegrante
- 3Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
- 4Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Inga Dora Sigfusdottir
- 1Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- 2Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- 3Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Han X, Han W, Qu J, Li B, Zhu Q. What happens online stays online? —— Social media dependency, online support behavior and offline effects for LGBT. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Lin S, Liu D, Liu W, Hui Q, Cortina KS, You X. Mediating effects of self-concept clarity on the relationship between passive social network sites use and subjective well-being. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-0066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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43
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Not necessarily detrimental: Two social comparison orientations and their associations with social media use and college social adjustment. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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44
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Yang CC, Holden SM, Carter MDK. Social Media Social Comparison of Ability (but not Opinion) Predicts Lower Identity Clarity: Identity Processing Style as a Mediator. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:2114-2128. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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45
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Church EM, Thambusamy R, Nemati H. Privacy and pleasure: A paradox of the hedonic use of computer-mediated social networks. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Thomas L, Briggs P, Hart A, Kerrigan F. Understanding social media and identity work in young people transitioning to university. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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47
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Frost RL, Rickwood DJ. A systematic review of the mental health outcomes associated with Facebook use. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Twomey C, O'Reilly G. Associations of Self-Presentation on Facebook with Mental Health and Personality Variables: A Systematic Review. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2017; 20:587-595. [PMID: 29039706 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Many investigations of the associations of self-presentation on Facebook with mental health and personality variables exist, but their findings have not yet been synthetized. We therefore carried out a narrative synthesis of 21 observational studies (combined N = 7,573) obtained from a systematic search of four academic databases. Significant self-presentation associations were yielded for self-esteem, perceived social support, social anxiety, well-being, depression, bipolar/mania, stress, self-consciousness, and insecure attachment. Significant associations were also yielded for all of the big five personality variables and narcissism. The clearest trends-based on the number of times significant associations were yielded across included studies-were as follows: (1) inauthentic self-presentation was consistently associated with low self-esteem and elevated levels of social anxiety; (2) inauthentic self-presentation was consistently more likely to occur in people high in neuroticism and narcissism; and (3) authentic/positive self-presentation was consistently associated with increased levels of self-esteem and perceived social support. The assessment of online self-presentation may offer clinicians important insights into how clients are functioning in relation to various domains of mental health and personality. For example, clients who present inauthentic versions of themselves on Facebook could be experiencing social anxiety or have maladaptive personality traits such as neuroticism and narcissism, all of which could be targeted in intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conal Twomey
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary O'Reilly
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
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Rousseau A, Eggermont S, Frison E. The reciprocal and indirect relationships between passive Facebook use, comparison on Facebook, and adolescents' body dissatisfaction. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Upward social comparison on social network sites and depressive symptoms: A moderated mediation model of self-esteem and optimism. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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