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Li L, Zhou J, McManus S, Stewart R, Roberts A. Social media users' attitudes toward cyberbullying during the COVID-19 pandemic: associations with gender and verification status. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1395668. [PMID: 38939225 PMCID: PMC11210603 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1395668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social media platforms such as Twitter and Weibo facilitate both positive and negative communication, including cyberbullying. Empirical evidence has revealed that cyberbullying increases when public crises occur, that such behavior is gendered, and that social media user account verification may deter it. However, the association of gender and verification status with cyberbullying is underexplored. This study aims to address this gap by examining how Weibo users' gender, verification status, and expression of affect and anger in posts influence cyberbullying attitudes. Specifically, it investigates how these factors differ between posts pro- and anti-cyberbullying of COVID-19 cases during the pandemic. Methods This study utilized social role theory, the Barlett and Gentile Cyberbullying Model, and general strain theory as theoretical frameworks. We applied text classification techniques to identify pro-cyberbullying and anti-cyberbullying posts on Weibo. Subsequently, we used a standardized mean difference method to compare the emotional content of these posts. Our analysis focused on the prevalence of affective and anger-related expressions, particularly examining variations across gender and verification status of the users. Results Our text classification identified distinct pro-cyberbullying and anti-cyberbullying posts. The standardized mean difference analysis revealed that pro-cyberbullying posts contained significantly more emotional content compared to anti-cyberbullying posts. Further, within the pro-cyberbullying category, posts by verified female users exhibited a higher frequency of anger-related words than those by other users. Discussion The findings from this study can enhance researchers' algorithms for identifying cyberbullying attitudes, refine the characterization of cyberbullying behavior using real-world social media data through the integration of the mentioned theories, and help government bodies improve their cyberbullying monitoring especially in the context of public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Li
- School of Journalism and Communication, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Zhou
- Division of Health Science, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sally McManus
- Violence and Society Centre, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Stewart
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Roberts
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Wang L, Jiang S. Effectiveness of Parent-Related Interventions on Cyberbullying Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:3678-3696. [PMID: 36458864 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221137065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the high prevalence of cyberbullying and its negative physical and psychological effects on the development of adolescents, numerous studies have attempted its reduction by developing anti-cyberbullying interventions. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of parent-related programs in reducing the frequency of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among adolescents. A thorough search was carried out on seven electronic databases: EBSCO, ERIC, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Only quantitative studies that reported the effectiveness of parent-related programs in reducing the frequency of cyberbullying perpetration or victimization were included in the review. Eleven studies were finalized, and meta-analyses were performed using a random effect model on RevMan v5.4 software developed by Cochrane. Findings reveal that existing parent-related programs have very small effect sizes on cyberbullying perpetration (standardized mean differences [SMDs] = -0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.26, -0.09]) and victimization (SMD = -0.17, 95% CI [-0.24, -0.10]). The modes of parental involvement and intervention do not moderate the program effectiveness, but those with shorter durations are more effective than longer ones in reducing the frequency of cyberbullying victimization. Furthermore, findings indicate that interventions with a theoretical foundation are more effective than those without one. This review provides evidence to improve anti-cyberbullying interventions by effectively enabling parent involvement, as well as increasing parenting skills, parent-child interactions, and communication. Given the limited effectiveness of parent-related interventions, future research is needed to identify key moderators to improve such programs or to develop school-family patterns to reduce cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Salem AAMS, Al-Huwailah AH, Abdelsattar M, Al-Hamdan NAH, Derar E, Alazmi S, Abu Al-Diyar M, Griffiths MD. Empathic Skills Training As a Means of Reducing Cyberbullying among Adolescents: An Empirical Evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1846. [PMID: 36767216 PMCID: PMC9914628 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyberbullying is a form of aggression in which electronic communication such as e-mails, mobile phone calls, text messages, instant messenger contacts, photos, social networking sites and personal webpages are used to threaten or intimidate individuals. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) counselling based on empathic training may reduce cyberbullying among adolescents. The present study investigated the impact of developing empathy skills in reducing cyberbullying among a sample of adolescents using two groups (i.e., an experimental group and control group). The experimental group received counselling intervention based on CBT with special focus on improving empathy whereas the control group received CBT general counselling. The participants comprised 217 adolescents (experimental group = 98 adolescents, control group = 119 adolescents) with a mean age of 15.1 years (SD ± 1.5). The measures included the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) and the Bullying, Cyberbullying Scale for Adolescents (BCS-A). Results showed that there were statistically significant differences on TEQ scores and BCS-A scores in the experimental and control groups after the intervention but more so in favor of the experimental group in terms of reduced levels of cyberbullying (both victimization and perpetration). Positive gains among the experimental group in both empathy and reduced cyberbullying remained at two-month follow-up. It is recommended that teachers and school counselors tackling cyberbullying should use empathy training as part of their cyberbullying prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Atta M. S. Salem
- College of Management Sciences, Sadat Academy for Management Sciences, Alexandria 21578, Egypt
| | | | - Mahfouz Abdelsattar
- Hurghada Faculty of Education, South Valley University, Hurghada 84511, Egypt
| | | | - Esraa Derar
- Hurghada Faculty of Education, South Valley University, Hurghada 84511, Egypt
| | - Sheikhah Alazmi
- Evaluation and Testing Unit, Ministry of Eduction, Qurain P.O. Box 47041, Kuwait
| | - Mosaad Abu Al-Diyar
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts, Suez University, Suez 43533, Egypt
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
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Perez C, Karmakar S. An NLP-assisted Bayesian time-series analysis for prevalence of Twitter cyberbullying during the COVID-19 pandemic. SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS AND MINING 2023; 13:51. [PMID: 36937491 PMCID: PMC10016178 DOI: 10.1007/s13278-023-01053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has brought about many changes in social dynamics. Stay-at-home orders and disruptions in school teaching can influence bullying behavior in-person and online, both of which leading to negative outcomes in victims. To study cyberbullying specifically, 1 million tweets containing keywords associated with abuse were collected from the beginning of 2019 to the end of 2021 with the Twitter API search endpoint. A natural language processing model pre-trained on a Twitter corpus generated probabilities for the tweets being offensive and hateful. To overcome limitations of sampling, data were also collected using the count endpoint. The fraction of tweets from a given daily sample marked as abusive is multiplied to the number reported by the count endpoint. Once these adjusted counts are assembled, a Bayesian autoregressive Poisson model allows one to study the mean trend and lag functions of the data and how they vary over time. The results reveal strong weekly and yearly seasonality in hateful speech but with slight differences across years that may be attributed to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Perez
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA
| | - Sayar Karmakar
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA
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5
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Wang L, Ngai SSY. Cyberbullying Perpetration Among Chinese Adolescents: The Role of Power Imbalance, Fun-seeking Tendency, and Attitude Toward Cyberbullying. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP21646-NP21671. [PMID: 34965155 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211062988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance of power affords individuals to bully others. However, limited studies have explored the specific aspects of power imbalance in predicting cyberbullying. Furthermore, a fun-seeking tendency as a motive for cyberbullying and attitudes toward cyberbullying as cognitive stimuli have rarely been studied in relation to mediating the associations between power imbalance and cyberbullying in an integrated framework. This study aims to narrow these research gaps. Multistage cluster random sampling was employed to recruit a total of 1103 adolescents (52.5% females) ranging in age from 12 to 18 years. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that proficiency in technology use is not only directly and positively associated with cyberbullying but also indirectly associated with cyberbullying via fun-seeking tendency. Although social status among peers had no direct effect on cyberbullying, the indirect effects of social status among peers on cyberbullying via the fun-seeking tendency and attitude toward cyberbullying were significant. Notably, physical power was neither directly associated with cyberbullying nor through the fun-seeking tendency or attitude toward cyberbullying in associating with cyberbullying. Implications of these findings for developing effective interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Sek-Yum Ngai
- Department of Social Work, 26451The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Achuthan K, Muthupalani S, Kolil VK, Madathil KC. Theoretical perspectives of parental influence on adolescent cyber behaviour: A bi-national Instagram-based study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Hayashi Y, Tahmasbi N. Psychological Predictors of Bystanders' Intention to Help Cyberbullying Victims Among College Students: An Application of Theory of Planned Behavior. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP11333-NP11357. [PMID: 33554727 DOI: 10.1177/0886260521992158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to evaluate the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as an explanation for bystanders' intention to help cyberbullying victims among college students. Participants completed an online survey in which their intention, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control toward helping cyberbullying victims were assessed. In addition to these traditional TPB variables, empathy toward cyberbullying victims and anticipated regret from not helping victims were included in the model. Results showed that empathy and anticipated regret significantly predicted intention to help cyberbullying victims over and above the traditional TPB variables. Results also showed that gender altered how traditional TPB variables, empathy, and anticipated regret predict bystander's intention to help cyberbullying victims: Empathy and anticipated regret were most robust predictors for males and females, respectively. These results suggest that the TPB is a useful theoretical framework for understanding bystanders' intention to help cyberbullying victims. Implications for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies are discussed.
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Aizenkot D. The Predictability of Routine Activity Theory for Cyberbullying Victimization Among Children and Youth: Risk and Protective Factors. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP11857-NP11882. [PMID: 33636999 DOI: 10.1177/0886260521997433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyberbullying has been pervading worldwide with negative implications for victims. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand this phenomenon and the factors that predict it, as the basis for effective prevention and intervention efforts. The current research aims to examine routine activity theory (RAT) as a theoretical framework predictive of cyberbullying victimization (CV) among children and youth. It was hypothesized that each of the RAT measures and the convergence of all measures predict CV. Data were collected from 5,719 primary, middle, and high school Israeli students (51.9% females) during the 2019-2020 school year via online questionnaires. Regression and moderation analyses were conducted to assess the predictability of CV from RAT measures, separately and converged. All RAT measures, separately and converged, predict CV. While off-line trust negatively predicts CV, other control variables, that is, online trust, educational institution phase, and gender, do not. Implications for school programs and guidelines for parents address the risk and protective factors of CV found. This study provides support for the predictability of CV from RAT and expands the knowledge of risk and protective factors predictive of CV.
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Varela JJ, Hernández C, Miranda R, Barlett CP, Rodríguez-Rivas ME. Victims of Cyberbullying: Feeling Loneliness and Depression among Youth and Adult Chileans during the Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5886. [PMID: 35627423 PMCID: PMC9141340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In Chile, during the COVID-19 pandemic, reports of cyberbullying victimization increased for adolescents and younger adults. Research has shown that cyber-victims-adolescents and young adults alike-are at greater risk for mental health problems such as depression as a result of this negative type of aggression. Yet, a paucity of research has examined the individual mechanisms germane to cyber-victim depression. We focused on loneliness for the current study. We hypothesized that cyber-victimization would be positively related to depressive symptoms through increased fears of loneliness and that this effect would differ between adolescents and younger adults. Thus, we examined a sample of 2370 participants from all main regions of Chile aged from 15 to 29 years. Moderated mediation results showed a negative effect of cyberbullying on depression, which was mediated by increased fears of being alone. The effect of frequency of cyberbullying on fear of loneliness was stronger for younger adults compared to adolescents. Our results suggest different mechanisms for both age groups, which can inform prevention programs and their specific activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J. Varela
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile;
| | - Cristóbal Hernández
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago 7941169, Chile;
- Instituto Milenio para la Investigación en Depresión y Personalidad, MIDAP, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Rafael Miranda
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Continental del Perú, Lima 12001, Peru;
| | - Christopher P. Barlett
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, NY 66506-5302, USA;
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Effectiveness of anti-cyberbullying educational programs: A socio-ecologically grounded systematic review and meta-analysis. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Özdemir EZ, Bektaş M. Effects of parental attitude and proactive and reactive aggression on cyberbullying and victimization among secondary school students. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:830-839. [PMID: 34003493 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To predict the effect of parental attitude and proactive and reactive aggression on the cyberbully, cyber victims, and cyberbully/victim among students aged 9-14 years. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional, correlational, and predictive study. The sample included 360 students. Data were collected with the "Adolescence Information Form," "Parental Attitude Scale," "Proactive-Reactive Aggression Scale," and "Cyberbully/Victim Questionnaire." Logistic regression analysis was used. FINDINGS This study was determined that proactive-reactive aggression and parental attitude predicted 30.3% of cyberbully/victim cases. Proactive aggression and Internet usage time are essential predictors of cyberbullying cases. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS To protect and improve their children's health, children should be informed about cyberbullying, proactive-reactive aggression, and the duration of Internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Z Özdemir
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Bektaş
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
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12
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Alrajeh SM, Hassan HM, Al-Ahmed AS, Alsayed Hassan D. An investigation of the relationship between cyberbullying, cybervictimization and depression symptoms: A cross sectional study among university students in Qatar. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260263. [PMID: 34882754 PMCID: PMC8659417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyberbullying is a modern form of bullying that could be practiced electronically or on the internet. It is related to different mental health issues such as depression, which can affect both the cyberbully and the victim. Although a few studies have been conducted regarding the prevalence of cyberbullying and cyber-victimization among the younger generation in Qatar, no studies have been conducted among young adults despite studies showing that they are also prone to cyberbullying. Methods This is a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence and the relationship between cyberbullying, cyber-victimization, and depression symptoms among Qatar University students. A self-administered close-ended electronic questionnaire was used to assess student’s cyberbullying/cyber-victimization behaviors and depression symptoms. The Revised Cyberbullying Inventory scale (RCBI-II) and Patient Health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were utilized to measure involvement in cyberbullying and depression symptoms, respectively. A total of 836 students participated in the study. Pearson Chi-Square test and binary logistic regression were conducted to analyze the data. Results Results indicated the majority of students have been involved in cyberbullying as follows: 6.8% cyberbullies, 29.2% cybervictims, 35.8% cyberbully-victims, and 28.2% not involved in either. Approximately 50% of the students scored a ten or higher on the PHQ9 test indicating symptoms of depression. Moreover, significant associations were found between cyberbullying experiences and gender (p = 0.03), depression and gender (p = 0.046), and between cyberbullying experiences and depression (p<0.001). Conclusion Our findings indicate that among Qatar University students, cyberbullying and cyber-victimization are prevalent behaviors that could be associated with the high reported rates of depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mohamed Alrajeh
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Huda Mohammed Hassan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aisha Salim Al-Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Diana Alsayed Hassan
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail:
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Does victimization predict cyberbullying perpetration? Examining depression as a mediator and self-control as a moderator. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Copp JE, Mumford EA, Taylor BG. Online sexual harassment and cyberbullying in a nationally representative sample of teens: Prevalence, predictors, and consequences. J Adolesc 2021; 93:202-211. [PMID: 34801812 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are burgeoning bodies of research on cyberbullying and online sexual harassment. Yet existing work often fails to distinguish between these two unique forms of online victimization, is largely cross sectional, and based on convenience or specialized samples. We examined the prevalence, predictors, and mental health and behavioral consequences of cyberbullying and online sexual harassment using a large, representative sample of adolescents. We also considered the potential compounding effects of multiple forms of victimization, as well as gender differences in the effects of online victimization. METHODS We used nationally representative, longitudinal data from the National Survey on Teen Relationships and Intimate Violence (STRiV) (n = 1,152), a US-based sample of adolescents 10-18 years old. RESULTS Approximately 37% of participants reported being victims of cyberbullying, and nearly 15% reported online sexual harassment experiences. Despite cyberbullying being relatively more common, the risk factors for these two forms of online victimization were similar. In addition, cyberbullying and online sexual harassment victimization were independently associated with the full range of mental health and behavioral problems examined in this investigation. Nevertheless, our findings also provided some evidence of conditional effects, such that female adolescents, and adolescents who experienced both forms of online victimization, suffered greater deleterious outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Online sexual harassment and cyberbullying victimization have similar risk profiles, and both contribute to heightened risk of mental health and behavioral problems. Yet the prevalence and gendered nature of these experiences underscore the importance of making distinctions. We provide recommendations for future research and programmatic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Copp
- Florida State University, College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 112 S. Copeland St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
| | | | - Bruce G Taylor
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East-West Highway 8th Floor, USA.
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Özdemir EZ, Bektaş M. The Effects of Self-Efficacy and Locus of Control on Cyberbully/Victim Status in Adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 61:e15-e21. [PMID: 33892999 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study adopted a descriptive and correlational investigation of the effect of self-efficacy and locus of control on becoming a cyberbully and victim in adolescents. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected through the Socio-Demographic Data Collection Form, Middle School Self-Efficacy Scale, Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, and Cyberbully/Victim Scale. Whether self-efficacy and locus of control levels predicted becoming a cyberbully and victim was analyzed through multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS This study found that the sub-dimensions of self-efficacy and locus of control scales significantly predicted cyberbully and victim becoming. Self-efficacy and locus of control explained 16.8% and 12.8% of the variance in becoming a cyberbully, respectively. The sub-dimension of protective healthcare and family relationships significantly predicted the becoming of both a cyberbully and a cyber victim. Furthermore, it predicted that peer relationships and interpersonal predicted cyberbully status (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study found that self-efficacy and locus of control significantly affected the becoming of a cyberbully and victim. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Interventional studies involving self-efficacy and locus of control to prevent cyberbullying are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Zahide Özdemir
- Dokuz Eylul University Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Turkey.
| | - Murat Bektaş
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Nursing, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Turkey.
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Barlett CP, Bennardi C, Williams S, Zlupko T. Theoretically Predicting Cyberbullying Perpetration in Youth With the BGCM: Unique Challenges and Promising Research Opportunities. Front Psychol 2021; 12:708277. [PMID: 34659022 PMCID: PMC8513570 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The psychological variables and processes germane to cyberbullying need additional empirical attention-especially for adolescent samples. Myriad studies and meta-analytic reviews have confirmed the deleterious psychological and behavioral consequences of being cyber-victimized. We argue that one method to curtail such effects is to inform interventions aimed at reducing cyberbullying perpetration regarding the why and for whom cyberbullying is likely. This review expands on these issues and emphasizes the Barlett Gentile Cyberbullying Model (BGCM) as the only validated cyberbullying-specific theory to predict cyberbullying perpetration. Our principal thesis is that the wealth of research validating the BGCM has been with adult samples and applying the BGCM to adolescents presents both challenging and exciting research opportunities for future research and intervention development in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Talia Zlupko
- Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, United States
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Barlett CP, Simmers MM, Roth B, Gentile D. Comparing cyberbullying prevalence and process before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Journal of Social Psychology 2021; 161:408-418. [DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.1918619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang L, Ngai SSY. Understanding the effects of personal factors and situational factors for adolescent cyberbullying perpetration: The roles of internal states and parental mediation. J Adolesc 2021; 89:28-40. [PMID: 33845339 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The risk and protective factors of cyberbullying perpetration have been widely investigated. Less attention is paid to explore the effects of personal and situational factors, internal states, and external states in an integrated framework. This study aims to fill this void by developing an integrated framework to investigate the effects of power imbalance, the online disinhibition effect, internal states, and parental mediation on cyberbullying among Chinese adolescents. METHODS Multistage cluster random sampling was employed with 1103 adolescents (Mage = 15.3, 52.5% girls) who responded to the questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted. RESULTS Proficiency in technology use was directly related to cyberbullying. Social status among peers was found to be not only directly related to cyberbullying but also to operate through low self-control to predict cyberbullying. The online disinhibition effect did not directly correlate to cyberbullying but operated through moral disengagement and low self-control to predict cyberbullying. Notably, the results showed that physical power was neither directly correlated to cyberbullying nor aligned with moral disengagement or low self-control to predict cyberbullying. The multiple-group comparison analysis revealed that parental mediation moderated the effects of the online disinhibition effect on cyberbullying. However, this study found that parental mediation had no buffering effects when examining the relationships between physical power, social status, technology use, and cyberbullying. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that cyberbullying prevention should consider the effects of both internal states and external factors. The study has provided theoretical and practical implications for understanding and tackling the widespread problem of cyberbullying among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Steven Sek-Yum Ngai
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Zhang D, Huebner ES, Tian L. Neuroticism and cyberbullying among elementary school students: A latent growth curve modeling approach. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Barlett CP, Seyfert LW, Simmers MM, Hsueh Hua Chen V, Cavalcanti JG, Krahé B, Suzuki K, Warburton WA, Wong RYM, Pimentel CE, Skowronski M. Cross-cultural similarities and differences in the theoretical predictors of cyberbullying perpetration: Results from a seven-country study. Aggress Behav 2021; 47:111-119. [PMID: 32853436 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Barlett Gentile cyberbullying model (BGCM) posits that correlated anonymity perceptions and the belief in the irrelevance of muscularity for online bullying (BIMOB) predict positive cyberbullying attitudes to predict subsequent cyberbullying perpetration. Much research has shown the BGCM to be the only published theory that differentiates traditional and cyberbullying while validly predicting cyberbullying. So far, however, the cross-cultural ubiquity has gone understudied. Thus, 1,592 adult participants across seven countries (USA, Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, Japan, and Singapore) completed measures germane to the BGCM. Supporting the BGCM, the variables were significantly correlated for the entire sample, participants from independent cultures, and participants from interdependent cultures. However, the relationship between BIMOB and positive cyberbullying attitudes as well as the relationship between positive cyberbullying attitudes and cyberbullying perpetration were stronger for independent cultures. These results suggest that the BGCM postulates are mostly universal, but several relations appear to be culturally different. Theoretical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke W. Seyfert
- Department of Psychology Gettysburg College Gettysburg Pennsylvania
| | | | - Vivian Hsueh Hua Chen
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | | | - Barbara Krahé
- Department of Psychology University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - Kanae Suzuki
- Department of Library, Information and Media Science University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
| | - Wayne A. Warburton
- Department of Psychology Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Randy Yee Man Wong
- Department of Information Systems and Operations Management The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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Zhang D, Huebner ES, Tian L. Longitudinal associations among neuroticism, depression, and cyberbullying in early adolescents. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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The link between childhood psychological maltreatment and cyberbullying perpetration attitudes among undergraduates: Testing the risk and protective factors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236792. [PMID: 32881859 PMCID: PMC7470276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on Attachment Theory, the Barlett and Gentile Cyberbullying Model and General Aggression Model, the present study explored the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and cyberbullying perpetration attitudes among undergraduates, as well as the mediating roles of empathy and immorality. Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, 626 college students were tested. Structural equation modeling was used for multiple mediation analysis. Results: (1) The positive rate of childhood psychological maltreatment, referring to sustained and repeated experiencing at least one kind of psychological maltreatment, was reported by accounted for 33.87% of participants; (2) a significant positive correlation existed between childhood psychological maltreatment, immorality, and cyberbullying perpetration attitudes. However, these variables were negatively correlated with empathy (cognitive and affective empathy); and (3) there were three mediating paths: childhood psychological maltreatment was linked to cyberbullying perpetration attitudes of male college students through the mediating roles of cognitive empathy and immorality and the chain-mediating role of cognitive empathy and immorality. Conclusions: Greater experience of childhood psychological maltreatment predicted more favorable attitudes toward cyberbullying perpetration among male college students, mediated by cognitive empathy and immorality. These findings may assist parents and educators by providing effective intervention for cyberbullying perpetration attitudes.
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Phillips AL, Anderson A. Cyberbullying, Digital Citizenship, and Youth with Autism: LIS Education as a Piece in the Puzzle. LIBRARY QUARTERLY 2020. [DOI: 10.1086/708957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhang H, Sun X, Chen L, Yang H, Wang Y. The Mediation Role of Moral Personality Between Childhood Psychological Abuse and Cyberbullying Perpetration Attitudes of College Students. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1215. [PMID: 32581973 PMCID: PMC7289981 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Guided by social learning theory and general aggression model, this work aims to explore the impact of childhood psychological abuse on cyberbullying perpetration attitudes of college students and the mediating role of moral personality. Using stratified cluster random sampling method, 527 college students were tested by using the Childhood Psychological Abuse Scale, Moral Personality Adjective Evaluation Questionnaire for college students, and the revised Chinese version of Cyberbullying Attitude Questionnaire. Results: (1) Childhood psychological abuse was significantly positively correlated with cyberbullying perpetration attitudes and showed a significant negative correlation with positive moral personality traits. (2) Positive moral personality traits had a significant negative correlation with cyberbullying perpetration attitudes. (3) Positive moral personality traits had a significant mediating effect between childhood psychological abuse and cyberbullying attitudes of college students. The mediating effect accounted for 11.11% of the total effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Sun
- Organization Department of Party Committee, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Marxism, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China
| | - Hongze Yang
- School of Marxism, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China
| | - Yandong Wang
- School of Business Administration, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China
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Zagorscak P, Schultze-Krumbholz A, Heinrich M, Wölfer R, Scheithauer H. Efficacy of Cyberbullying Prevention on Somatic Symptoms-Randomized Controlled Trial Applying a Reasoned Action Approach. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:908-923. [PMID: 29974545 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The theory of reasoned action (ToRA) has been proposed as a framework for cyberbullying prevention design, targeting attitudes and norms. In this study effects of a long (10 weekly sessions) and a short (one day, four sessions) cyberbullying prevention program based on the ToRA were compared with a control group over 9 months. Longitudinal data from 722 students (mean age = 13.36) on cyberbullying, somatic symptoms, attitudes, and norms were analyzed within a structural equation model. Participation in the long intervention group significantly reduced cyberbullying (d = -0.584) and somatic symptoms (d = -0.316). No between-group differences emerged for attitudes and norms. Developmental trajectories and associations were found to be as suggested by ToRA in both cross-sectional and change-score analyses.
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Ooi KB, Lee VH, Hew JJ, Lin B. Mobile Social Cyberbullying: Why are Keyboard Warriors Raging? JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08874417.2019.1679685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun-Jie Hew
- Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Binshan Lin
- Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Cortés-Pascual A, Cano-Escorianza J, Elboj-Saso C, Iñiguez-Berrozpe T. Positive relationships for the prevention of bullying and cyberbullying: a study in Aragón (Spain). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2019.1602064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Barlett CP, Madison CS, Heath JB, DeWitt CC. Please browse responsibly: A correlational examination of technology access and time spent online in the Barlett Gentile Cyberbullying Model. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ronis S, Slaunwhite A. Gender and Geographic Predictors of Cyberbullying Victimization, Perpetration, and Coping Modalities Among Youth. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0829573517734029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyberbullying has become an important public health issue due to documented associations among victimization, perpetration, and greater likelihood of depression, substance abuse, anxiety, insomnia, and school-related problems for adolescents. Less is known, however, about how youth cope with cyberbullying and the types of services and supports they are likely to use based on relevant socioeconomic, demographic and geographic factors. The objective of this project was to determine whether gender and geography, in combination with mental health and socioeconomic status, predicted cyberbullying victimization, perpetration, and patterns of coping and help seeking in a sample of youth aged 16 to 19 years ( N = 289). An anonymous online survey was used to gather information on cyberbullying victimization, perpetration, and methods for coping from youth from New Brunswick, Canada. The results of this study suggest that the likelihood of becoming a cyberbullying victim or perpetrator, as well as the coping modalities used to respond to bullying, are highly gendered and intersect with existing social and health inequities. Interventions aimed at bolstering resiliency should be developed in the context of the urban and rural school environments where coping skills are developed and refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Ronis
- University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
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Trait anger and cyberbullying among young adults: A moderated mediation model of moral disengagement and moral identity. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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