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Wang Y, Ma Q. The impact of social isolation on smartphone addiction among college students: the multiple mediating effects of loneliness and COVID-19 anxiety. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1391415. [PMID: 39105145 PMCID: PMC11299513 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1391415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread use of smartphones has significantly increased smartphone addiction among college students, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, university campuses in mainland China have strictly followed the Chinese government's strict quarantine policy, including closed campus management, prohibitions against gatherings, and social distancing, increasing student loneliness and anxiety and thus increasing the risk of smartphone addiction. Extant Studies have revealed that social isolation is a prominent predictor of smartphone addiction but have failed to systematically explore the complex relationship between social isolation and smartphone addiction in the context of COVID-19; therefore, the underlying mechanisms of these factors in the post-pandemic era are unclear. Objective This study is the first attempt to consider loneliness, COVID-19 anxiety and social isolation as a whole and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of social isolation and smartphone addiction by constructing a multiple mediating model. Method This study included students enrolled at eight higher education institutions in Conghua District (Guangzhou city). Quota proportional sampling was adopted, 900 self-report questionnaires were distributed through the WeChat groups of these universities from December 10 to December 15, 2022, and 868 valid questionnaires (620 females, 248 males) were ultimately obtained. Results The direct effect of social isolation on smartphone addiction was significant, and loneliness and COVID-19 anxiety mediated the association between social isolation and smartphone addiction in both parallel and sequential ways. Moreover, a reverse mediation model with COVID-19 anxiety as the first mediator and loneliness as the second mediator was found. Conclusion College students who experience social isolation are at greater risk for smartphone addiction, and the core factor leading to their smartphone addiction is the subjective psychological state triggered by campus isolation and social distancing, such as loneliness and anxiety. These risky behaviors of people should receive extra attention, and psychological factors such as loneliness and COVID-19 anxiety should be considered in future therapies aimed at reducing addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- School of Journalism & Communication, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Administration, Nanfang College Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianying Ma
- School of Public Administration, Nanfang College Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
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Cao X, Liu X. Self-esteem as a predictor of anxiety and academic self-efficacy among Chinese university students: a cross-lagged analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 43:19628-19638. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-024-05781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
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Zeerak Q, Imran M, Azeez K, Lokanathan TH, Ismail IM. The Effects of Smartphone Addiction on Academic Performance Among Undergraduate Medical Students in Karnataka, India: A Multi-centric Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e62796. [PMID: 39036273 PMCID: PMC11260275 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective While smartphones offer various benefits, addiction to them among young people poses a serious problem for parents and educators globally. Several studies have tried to assess the impact of the excessive use of/addiction to smartphones on students' overall academic performance. While a few studies have found a positive impact, most have observed a negative impact, mainly in the form of deterioration of mental and physical health and academic performance of students. In light of this, we conducted this study in three medical colleges in Karnataka, India with the objectives of determining the effect of smartphone addiction on the academic performance of undergraduate medical students and to identify the risk factors associated with it. Material and methods This cross-sectional study, conducted between July 2022 and October 2023, involved undergraduate medical students from Yenepoya Medical College, Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences, and Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Science. A total of 481 students were enrolled by stratified random sampling. Data were collected with the help of Google Forms by using a pre-tested questionnaire. Mobile phone addiction was assessed by using the smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV). Results Among 481 students, 211 (43.9%) were found to be mobile phone addicts. An independent t-test showed that academic performance was negatively affected in students who were mobile phone addicts. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed several factors significantly associated with mobile phone addiction, including male gender, regular mobile gaming, seeking recognition/popularity through social media, frequent smartphone checking, perceiving smartphone use as more attractive than other activities, limited co-curricular activities, and increased smartphone use during periods of depression or anxiety. Conclusions Based on our findings, smartphone addiction has a negative impact on the academic performance of students. To mitigate this issue, educational institutions should integrate efforts to tackle smartphone addiction into their curricula and prioritize addressing the identified risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qudsia Zeerak
- Community Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangaluru, IND
| | - Mohammed Imran
- Community Medicine, SS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davanagere, IND
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Zheng X, Huang L, Xie Z, Peng L, Zhou X. Relationship Between Warm Childhood Memories and Mobile Phone Addiction: A Moderated Mediation Model. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1085-1099. [PMID: 36269848 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221135479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Childhood experiences have an important effect on mobile phone addiction, but the relationship between positive childhood experiences and mobile phone addiction and its underlying mechanisms should be explored further. This study aims to explore a model linking early memories of warmth and safeness to mobile phone addiction via the mediating role of alexithymia and moderating role of negative coping styles. A total of 379 Chinese college students (Mage = 19.80 years, SD = 1.38; 240 females) completed a questionnaire consisting of the Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Mobile Phone Addiction Scale, and Negative Coping Styles Scale. Results indicate that early memories of warmth and safeness are negatively correlated with mobile phone addiction, and alexithymia plays a mediating role in the link between early memories of warmth and safeness and mobile phone addiction. In addition, negative coping styles significantly moderate the relationship between early memories of warmth and safeness and alexithymia, specifically, the negative association between early memories of warmth and safeness and alexithymia is highly significant at high (vs. low) negative coping styles levels. The findings suggest that early memories of warmth and safeness are an important protective factor against mobile phone addiction, which enrich the literature on mobile phone addiction and provide empirical support for the prevention of mobile phone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Zheng
- School of Educational Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- School of Educational Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Xie
- School of Educational Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Linlu Peng
- School of Educational Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiangsen Zhou
- School of Educational Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
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Olave L, Iruarrizaga I, Herrero M, Macía P, Momeñe J, Macía L, Muñiz JA, Estevez A. Exercise Addiction and Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of Impulsivity, Self-Esteem, and Emotional Dependence. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:420. [PMID: 38785911 PMCID: PMC11117545 DOI: 10.3390/bs14050420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the scarcity of studies linking exercise addiction to intimate partner violence, the present study aims to analyze the relationship between these variables and examine the potential mediating roles of emotional dependence, impulsivity, and self-esteem. This is a non-experimental, cross-sectional correlational design study. The sample comprised 887 university students (86% women, mean age 20.82 years, SD = 3.63). Elevated levels of exercise addiction were associated with increased impulsivity, emotional dependence, and exerted violence, as well as decreased self-esteem and perceived violence. Mediation models were tested, explaining 7% of the variance in received violence, 13% of the variance in exerted violence, and 6% of the variance in perceived violence. Higher levels of exercise addiction were linked to increased received and exerted violence and decreased perceived violence, attributed to the positive impact of exercise addiction on emotional dependence. This study highlights the mediating roles of self-esteem and impulsivity in the relationship between exercise addiction and partner violence. Identifying risk or vulnerability factors such as emotional dependence, impulsivity, and self-esteem related to exercise addiction and interpersonal partner violence is especially relevant for designing and implementing preventive interventions in the general young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Olave
- Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of Valencia, 46002 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Itziar Iruarrizaga
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Faculty of Social Work, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Herrero
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (M.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Patricia Macía
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and Their Development, University of the Basque Country, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Janire Momeñe
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (M.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Laura Macía
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (M.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (A.E.)
| | - José Antonio Muñiz
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Faculty of Social Work, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Estevez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain; (M.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.); (A.E.)
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Huang S, Lai X, Ke L, Li Y, Wang H, Zhao X, Dai X, Wang Y. AI Technology panic-is AI Dependence Bad for Mental Health? A Cross-Lagged Panel Model and the Mediating Roles of Motivations for AI Use Among Adolescents. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1087-1102. [PMID: 38495087 PMCID: PMC10944174 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s440889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), may manifest as technology panic in some people, including adolescents who may be particularly vulnerable to new technologies (the use of AI can lead to AI dependence, which can threaten mental health). While the relationship between AI dependence and mental health is a growing topic, the few existing studies are mainly cross-sectional and use qualitative approaches, failing to find a longitudinal relationship between them. Based on the framework of technology dependence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of experiencing AI dependence, to examine the cross-lagged effects between mental health problems (anxiety/depression) and AI dependence and to explore the mediating role of AI use motivations. Methods A two-wave cohort program with 3843 adolescents (Male = 1848, Mage = 13.21 ± 2.55) was used with a cross-lagged panel model and a half-longitudinal mediation model. Results 17.14% of the adolescents experienced AI dependence at T1, and 24.19% experienced dependence at T2. Only mental health problems positively predicted subsequent AI dependence, not vice versa. For AI use motivation, escape motivation and social motivation mediated the relationship between mental health problems and AI dependence whereas entertainment motivation and instrumental motivation did not. Discussion Excessive panic about AI dependence is currently unnecessary, and AI has promising applications in alleviating emotional problems in adolescents. Innovation in AI is rapid, and more research is needed to confirm and evaluate the impact of AI use on adolescents' mental health and the implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Digital Education, China National Academy of Educational Sciences, Beijing, 100088, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajun Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Education Sciences, Shenzhen, 518001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinran Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China
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Shawcroft J, Coyne SM, Linder L, Clifford BN, McDaniel BT. Attachment security and problematic media use in infancy: A longitudinal study in the United States. INFANCY 2024; 29:137-154. [PMID: 38109065 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Media use during childhood has quickly become a norm across the United States and in other countries. One area still not well understood is the development of problematic (or maladaptive and disruptive) media use in children. This research examines the role of attachment security as a central component in the development of problematic media use over time in a sample of 248 parent-child dyads (9.50% African American, 20.66% Hispanic, 62.81% White, 2.07% Asian, 4.96% other ethnicities). We examined the relationship between attachment security and problematic media use one and 2 years later. We then constructed a mediation model examining parent responsiveness while jointly engaging in media use and during play as mediators between infant attachment security and problematic media use over time. Results suggest that while infant attachment security may be protective against developing problematic media use patterns, this relationship does not seem to be mediated by parent-child interactions while engaging in media or during play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Shawcroft
- Department of Communication, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sarah M Coyne
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Lisa Linder
- College of Education, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Brandon N Clifford
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Brandon T McDaniel
- Parkview Mirro Center for Research and Innovation, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA
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8
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Maftei A, Merlici IA, Opariuc-Dan C. Fun in a Box? Loneliness and Adolescents' Problematic Smartphone Use: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of the Underlying Mechanisms. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241226681. [PMID: 38217416 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241226681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Addictive smartphone use is one of the most concerning behaviors among adolescents. The present study investigated the indirect effects of self-esteem and boredom proneness and the moderating role of the need to belong on the link between loneliness and addictive smartphone use (ASU). Our sample included 357 adolescents aged 12 to 19 (Mage = 15.56, SD = 1.01, 57.42% males) from ten public schools in Romania. We used a moderated mediation approach, with moderation of the both second mediation paths and the direct effect path. Results suggested that the influence of loneliness on ASU was statistically significant and partially mediated both by self-esteem and boredom proneness. Adolescents' need to belong significantly moderated the positive association between boredom proneness and ASU, and the direct negative association between loneliness and ASU; however, it did not moderate the negative association between self-esteem and ASU. Thus, high levels of the need to belong also increased the influence of boredom proneness on AUS and had a marginally significant effect on the relation between loneliness and ASU. These results suggested that adolescents' need to belong, self-esteem, and boredom proneness might contribute to developing ASU. Interventions centered around countering the adverse effects of excessive technology use ought to consider group activities that facilitate social bonding to satisfy the participants' need to belong, reduce their levels of boredom, and, thus, reduce the risk of developing ASU symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Maftei
- Department of Education Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioan-Alex Merlici
- Department of Education Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
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Allahvirdie Rezaieh S, Ghorbani N, Farahani H. Mediating role of splitting in relation to attachment styles and shopping addiction. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1249591. [PMID: 37854143 PMCID: PMC10581345 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1249591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Shopping can provide a sense of satisfaction and pleasure; however, if a person's excessive involvement in this behavior starts to negatively impact other aspects of their life, similar to other addictive behaviors like excessive internet use, gaming, and gambling, it may be classified as pathological. Given the lack of agreement regarding the classification of excessive shopping tendencies as a separate mental health condition or addictive behavior, taking a socio-emotional approach to explore the psychological factors that precede this behavior, may offer a better comprehension of it. Methods The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between attachment styles and excessive shopping behavior, as well as to investigate the potential mediating effect of defense mechanisms like splitting on this relationship. Using convenience sampling, a group of 457 stock market employees (116 female, 341 male) between the ages of 24 and 60 were recruited. The researchers utilized a set of validated psychological questionnaires to assess the employees attachment styles, shopping addiction, and splitting tendencies. Results The results obtained from both the mediation model and path analysis suggest that attachment styles do not have a direct relationship with shopping addiction. Nonetheless, the study supports the impact of insecure anxious and avoidan attachment styles on splitting. Furthermore, the findings confirm that splitting has a mediating effect on the relationship between attachment styles and splitting. Discussion The present study enhanced our comprehension of the subconscious mechanisms underlying shopping tendencies. Specifically, the findings suggest that excessive tendencies towards shopping can be considered a maladaptive response resulting from insecure attachment styles and the unconscious utilization of the splitting defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nima Ghorbani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Tong W, Meng S. Effects of Physical Activity on Mobile Phone Addiction Among College Students: The Chain-Based Mediating Role of Negative Emotion and E-Health Literacy. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3647-3657. [PMID: 37700883 PMCID: PMC10493198 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s419799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smartphones have become an important tool for college students' study and life, but mobile phone addiction caused by excessive dependence use of cell phones can have serious negative impacts on college students' mental health, life behaviors, and so on. It is urgent to explore the causes and influence mechanisms of college students' cell phone addiction. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical exercise and mobile phone addiction among Chinese college students and the mediating role of negative affect and e-health literacy between the two. Methods The stratified sampling method was used to investigate the physical activity, mobile phone addiction, negative emotion and e-health literacy of 4621 university students in Jiangsu Province using the Physical Activity Rating scale, Mobile Phone Addiction scale, Depression-anxiety-stress scale and E-Health Literacy scale, Thus the data were statistically analysed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 23.0. Results (1) Physical exercise was significantly negatively correlated with mobile phone addiction and negative emotion among college students (r=-.713, P<0.01; r=-.571, P<0.01), and physical exercise was significantly positively correlated with e-health literacy (r=0.616, P<0.01); (2) Negative emotion and e-health literacy played independent mediating roles between physical exercise and mobile phone addiction, respectively; (3) Negative emotion and e-health literacy played chain mediating roles between physical exercise and mobile phone addiction. Conclusion This study explored the potential mechanisms of cell phone addiction in college students and found that physical activity can influence Internet addiction through the independent mediating effect including the chain mediating effect of negative emotions and e-health literacy. This study further reveals the mechanism of action of physical exercise affecting college students' cell phone addiction, and provides some reference value for the prevention and intervention of college students cell phone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Tong
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuqiao Meng
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Geng S, Xu K, Liu X. Association between Electronic Media Use and Internalizing Problems: The Mediating Effect of Parent-Child Conflict and Moderating Effect of Children's Age. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:694. [PMID: 37622834 PMCID: PMC10451276 DOI: 10.3390/bs13080694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In today's digital world, children are exposed extensively to electronic media, making it an integral part of their daily lives. However, excessive use of electronic media during childhood has been associated with various internalizing problems. Moreover, parent-child conflict and children's age may be closely associated with children's problem behaviors. The current study employed a cross-sectional design and conducted a questionnaire survey of 711 parents to examine the association between children's electronic media use and their internalizing problems. Furthermore, this study probed the mediating role of parent-child conflict within this association and the moderating effect of children's age. The results of structural equation modeling showed a positive correlation between children's use of electronic media and their internalizing difficulties. Parent-child conflict served as a mediating factor in this association. Results also showed that the association between parent-child conflict and internalizing problems becomes more pronounced as children grow older. These findings imply that parents should encourage their children to develop healthy habits in using electronic media while fostering positive relationships. Parents should also be mindful of the psychological changes as children age and provide guidance to help them become proficient digital citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaocen Liu
- College of Preschool Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; (S.G.); (K.X.)
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Luo X. Effects of Social Anxiety and Subjective Well-Being on Problematic Mobile Social Media Use in First-Year University Students: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231190326. [PMID: 37471647 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231190326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Problematic mobile social media use may impact college students' physical and mental health. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of social anxiety and subjective well-being on problematic mobile social media use and the mediating role of self-esteem in this relationship. Methods: A total of 387 first-year university students (39.8% females, 60.2% males; mean age = 18.74 years) were enrolled in this study and completed self-report measures of social anxiety, subjective well-being, self-esteem and problematic mobile social media use. A structural equation model was constructed and tested by AMOS 23.0 software. Results: (1) Social anxiety not only had a direct effect on problematic mobile social media use, but also had an indirect effect on problematic mobile social media use via self-esteem. (2) Subjective well-being was positively and significantly associated with self-esteem, as well as problematic mobile social media use. (3) Self-esteem played a suppressing role between subjective well-being and problematic mobile social media use. Conclusions: It is necessary to help college students reduce their social anxiety and increase their subjective happiness through appropriate ways, as this plays an important role in increasing self-esteem and reducing their problematic mobile social media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Mental Health Education Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Jin X, Jiang Q, Xiong W, Zhao W. Effects of use motivations and alexithymia on smartphone addiction: mediating role of insecure attachment. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1227931. [PMID: 37529314 PMCID: PMC10389275 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1227931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Concern exists regarding the potential negative consequences of smartphone addiction among adolescents. This study investigated the effect of use motivations and alexithymia on smartphone addiction among adolescents with two insecure attachment styles, namely, anxious and avoidant attachment. These attachment styles were regarded as mediating variables. Methods Self-report measures were used to assess use motivations, alexithymia, insecure attachment and smartphone addiction. Data were collected from 748 junior high school students (382 males and 366 females) in northeastern China. Structural equation modeling was used to test our hypothesis that use motivations and alexithymia are directly associated with smartphone addiction and also through the mediation of attachment insecurities. Results The structural equation modeling results showed a strong and positive correlation between use motivation and smartphone addiction, with avoidant attachment mediating such a relationship. Meanwhile, the two components of alexithymia, difficulty identifying feelings and externally oriented thinking, positively predicted smartphone addiction, with avoidant attachment serving as a mediator of this effect. In addition, the mediation analysis results demonstrated that attachment anxiety mediated the connection between escape drive, extrinsically focused thought, and smartphone addiction. Conclusion Findings describe how attachment insecurities, smartphone use motivations, and alexithymia can interact with one another to predict smartphone addiction. Smartphone use motivation types and alexithymia symptoms should be taken into consideration when designing targeted intervention programs for smartphone addiction to address the different attachment needs of adolescents, which would be helpful to reduce their smartphone addiction behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinquan Jin
- Jiangsu Research Center of “Internet Plus Education,” Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiyan Xiong
- Department of International Education, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Information Science and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Li D, Xu Y, Cao S. How Does Trait Mindfulness Weaken the Effects of Risk Factors for Adolescent Smartphone Addiction? A Moderated Mediation Model. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:540. [PMID: 37503987 PMCID: PMC10376386 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a psychological resource of individuals, trait mindfulness is valuable in facilitating individuals to maintain attention intensity, increase efficiency, and alleviate stress and depression. It can also buffer against the risk factors of addictive behaviors. However, applied research combining trait mindfulness and smartphone addiction with the use of psychological resources is relatively scarce and needs further examination. We constructed a moderated mediation model based on compensatory Internet use and conservation of resources theory (OCR) to examine the effects of social anxiety on adolescent smartphone addiction and to describe how trait mindfulness "works" and "in what contexts it works better". We analyzed 1570 adolescent subjects through a multistage stratified sampling method. Our findings revealed that social anxiety positively predicted smartphone addiction, while trait mindfulness was negatively associated with it. Furthermore, trait mindfulness mitigated smartphone addiction by reducing social anxiety, suggesting a mediating effect of social anxiety on this relationship. Meanwhile, the mediating effect was more pronounced among adolescents with left-behind experience; we found that left-behind experience partially moderated the relationship between social anxiety and smartphone addiction. Adolescents with left-behind experience had more significant compensatory media use with a higher risk of smartphone addiction. This study highlights the potential protective role of trait mindfulness in the development and maintenance of adolescent smartphone addiction. It provides empirical support for applying resource conservation theory and stress buffering theory in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Li
- School of Journalism and Communication, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Journalism and Communication, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shangqing Cao
- School of International Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Etxaburu N, Momeñe J, Herrero M, Chávez-Vera MD, Olave L, Iruarrizaga I, Estévez A. Buying-shopping disorder, impulsivity, emotional dependence and attachment in adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 43:1-12. [PMID: 36855642 PMCID: PMC9950704 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have shown that the incidence of buying-shopping disorder (BSD) is increasing. Impulsivity is one of the factors involved in its aetiology and is related to emotional dependence. In addition, early affective deprivation may trigger emotional dependence. The aims of the present study weresal: to compare the types of attachment, levels of emotional dependence, impulsivity and BSD according to sex; to determine whether the proposed relational model is fulfilled; and analyse possible differences in this model in terms of the sample's sex. The sample consisted of 1498 adolescents (53.8% men and 46.2% women) from Ecuador whose age ranged from 14 to 18 years (M = 15.77, SD = 1.21). The results showed that a preoccupied attachment style is indirectly related to a higher risk of BSD due to emotional dependence when impulsivity levels are medium or high because emotional dependence is moderated by impulsivity. The study variables are related in the same way in men and women but boys show higher levels of preoccupied attachment, impulsivity, emotional dependence and BSD. This study gives us a clearer picture of how these variables are related and provides information that could be of great use in assisting people with BSD. This knowledge could be applied to improve both the treatment and prevention of this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Estévez
- University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
- Psychology Department, University of Deusto, Apartado 1, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Karakose T, Yıldırım B, Tülübaş T, Kardas A. A comprehensive review on emerging trends in the dynamic evolution of digital addiction and depression. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1126815. [PMID: 36844332 PMCID: PMC9944096 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1126815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Using digital addiction as an umbrella term to cover any type of addictions to digital technologies such as the internet, smartphones, social media, or video games, the current study aimed to reveal the intellectual structure and evolution of research addressing digital addiction-depression relationship. Methods The study combined bibliometric and science mapping analysis methods for this purpose. Data for the study was gathered from Web of Science Core Collection after a comprehensive process of data search/extraction, and 241 articles were included in the final data set. A period-based, comparative science mapping analysis was performed using the SciMAT software. Results The analysis of data over three periods, Period 1 (1983-2016), Period 2 (2017-2019), and Period 3 (2020-2022) showed that internet addiction was the most significant theme across all three periods, which was followed by social media addiction. Depression, which emerged as a significant theme during Period 1, was later covered under anxiety disorder theme. Research interest was mostly on factors related to both addiction and depression such as cognitive distortion, insomnia, loneliness, self-esteem, social support, alexithymia, as well as cybervictimization or academic performance. Discussion The results suggested that much research is warranted on the digital addiction-depression relationship in different age cohorts, especially children and elderly. Similarly, the current analysis showed that this line of research particularly focused on internet, gaming and social media addiction, and evidence with regard to other types of digital addiction or related compulsive behaviors was almost absent. In addition, research was mostly inclined to understanding cause-effect relationships, which is significant, but preventive strategies seemed to be barely addressed. Likewise, the smartphone addiction-depression relationship arguably garnered less research interest, so future research would contribute to the field in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgut Karakose
- Department of Education, Kutahya Dumlupınar University, Kutahya, Türkiye,*Correspondence: Turgut Karakose, ✉
| | - Bilal Yıldırım
- Department of Education, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tijen Tülübaş
- Department of Education, Kutahya Dumlupınar University, Kutahya, Türkiye
| | - Abdurrahman Kardas
- District Director of National Education, Ministry of National Education, Siirt, Türkiye
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17
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Insecure Attachment Styles and Phubbing: The Mediating Role of Problematic Smartphone Use. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/4331787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lately, increasing concern has focused on the incessant and intrusive use of smartphones across a wide range of interpersonal and relational contexts. Of concern is that many people appear to snub someone during face-to-face interactions by focusing more on their smartphone than on their relational partner, namely, phubbing. Individuals with insecure attachment styles may phub their intimate others more often. However, such relationships have not been examined. This study used a cross-sectional design to examine key relationships between insecure attachment styles on phubbing. An online survey was conducted to examine the relationships between the variables of this study (
, 72% female: mean age 20). The analyses revealed both anxious-preoccupied and dismissive-avoidant attachment styles to be positively associated with phubbing. Moreover, both insecure attachment styles indirectly predicted phubbing through problematic smartphone use (PSU). Insecure attachment styles appear to impact how often people phub others within intimate relationships, and further, PSU may function as a mechanism linking these insecure attachment styles with phubbing.
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18
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Heterogeneity of smartphone impact on everyday life and its relationship with personality and psychopathology: A latent profile analysis. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 120:152356. [PMID: 36403560 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between problematic smartphone use and psychological factors have been extensively investigated. However, previous studies generally used variable-centered approaches, which hinder an examination of the heterogeneity of smartphone impact on everyday life. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we capitalized on latent profile analysis to identify various classes of smartphone owners based on the impact associated with smartphone use (e.g., unregulated usage, preference for smartphone-mediated social relationships) and to compare these classes in terms of established psychological risk factors for problematic smartphone use. METHOD We surveyed 934 young adults with validated psychometric questionnaires to assess the impact of smartphones, psychopathological symptoms, self-esteem and impulsivity traits. RESULTS Smartphone users fall into four latent profiles: users with low smartphone impact, users with average smartphone impact, problematic smartphone users, and users favoring online interactions. Individuals distributed in the problematic smartphone user profile were characterized by heightened psychopathological symptoms (stress, anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive tendencies) and impulsivity traits. Moreover, users who preferred online interactions exhibited the highest symptoms of social anxiety and the lowest levels of self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS These findings further demonstrate the multidimensionality and heterogeneity of the impact of smartphone use, calling for tailored prevention and intervention strategies.
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19
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Dong W, Li S, Wang X. Parental phubbing and chinese adolescents’ SNSs addiction: loneliness as a mediator and self-esteem as a moderator. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Hong L, Lai X, Xu D, Zhang W, Wu B, Yu X, Zhao K, Zhang G. Distinct patterns of problematic smartphone use and related factors in Chinese college students. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:747. [PMID: 36451113 PMCID: PMC9710163 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to categorize different subgroups of problematic smartphone use in Chinese college students. Differences in gender and psychosocial characteristics of the categorized groups were also examined. METHODS A total of 1123 participants completed the Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Using latent profile analysis, we identified different subgroups of problematic smartphone use in college students. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was implemented to examine the relationship between latent classes and demographic and psychosocial covariates. RESULTS The four following latent classes were identified: a low-risk group, a moderate-risk with no evasiveness group, a moderate-risk with evasiveness group, and high-risk group that accounted for 11%, 24.1%, 35.5%, and 29.4% of the total sample, respectively. Further analysis revealed that female participants were more likely to be in the moderate-risk with evasiveness and high-risk groups, and individuals with depressed mood were more likely to be in the moderate-risk and high-risk groups. CONCLUSIONS Classifying college students according to the features of problematic smartphone use is potentially useful for understanding risk factors and developing targeted prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Hong
- The Third Hospital of QuZhou, Quzhou, 324000 China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Xinyi Lai
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Dongwu Xu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Bichang Wu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- Lishui Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Guohua Zhang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,Institute Of Aging, Key Laboratory Of Alzheimer's Disease Of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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21
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Sánchez-Fernández M, Borda-Mas M. Problematic smartphone use and specific problematic Internet uses among university students and associated predictive factors: a systematic review. EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 28:7111-7204. [PMID: 36465425 PMCID: PMC9707285 DOI: 10.1007/s10639-022-11437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
University students are a high-risk population with problematic online behaviours that include generalized problematic Internet/smartphone use and specific problematic Internet uses (for example, social media or gaming). The study of their predictive factors is needed in order to develop preventative strategies. This systematic review aims to understand the current state of play by examining the terminology, assessment instruments, prevalence, and predictive factors associated with problematic smartphone use and specific problematic Internet uses in university students. A literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines using four major databases. A total of 117 studies were included, divided into four groups according to the domain of problem behaviour: problematic smartphone use (n = 67), problematic social media use (n = 39), Internet gaming disorder (n = 9), and problematic online pornography use (n = 2). Variability was found in terminology, assessment tools, and prevalence rates in the four groups. Ten predictors of problematic smartphone use, five predictors of problematic social media use, and one predictor of problematic online gaming were identified. Negative affectivity is found to be a common predictor for all three groups, while social media use, psychological well-being, and Fear of Missing Out are common to problematic smartphone and social media use. Our findings reaffirm the need to reach consistent diagnostic criteria in cyber addictions and allow us to make progress in the investigation of their predictive factors, thus allowing formulation of preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sánchez-Fernández
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Seville (Universidad de Sevilla), C. Camilo José Cela, S/N, 41018 Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Borda-Mas
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Seville (Universidad de Sevilla), C. Camilo José Cela, S/N, 41018 Seville, Spain
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22
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Wei H, Lu L, Liu M. We can't afford the candy! The influence of parenting by lying about money on mobile phone addiction and the roles of anxiety and socioeconomic status among Chinese adolescents. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1021355. [PMID: 36438316 PMCID: PMC9683469 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1021355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extant research has indicated that parenting practice, such as harsh parenting, rejection, and neglect increases the risk of mobile phone addiction. However, no research to date has examined the association between parenting by lying about money and adolescent mobile phone addiction. OBJECTIVE The current study used a survey to test whether parenting by lying about money may be associated with adolescent mobile phone addiction. The mediation of anxiety and moderation of socioeconomic status were also examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 971 adolescents from five secondary schools in a city in central China. Of the participants, 448 (46.14%) were boys and 523 (53.86%) were girls (M age = 13.63, SD age = 1.01). RESULTS The results of mediation analysis indicated that parenting by lying about money positively predicted mobile phone addiction (B = 0.144, p < 0.01); parenting by lying about money positively predicted anxiety (B = 0.126, p < 0.01) and mobile phone addiction (B = 0.107, p < 0.01). Anxiety positively predicted mobile phone addiction (B = 0.293, p < 0.01). Moreover, the bias-corrected bootstrapping mediation test indicated that the process by which parenting by lying about money predicted mobile phone addiction through anxiety was significant (indirect effect = 0.037, SE = 0.011, 95% CI = [0.017, 0.059]). CONCLUSION The current study suggests that parenting by lying about money may lead to mobile phone addiction through the mediation of anxiety. However, the effect was stronger for adolescents with higher level of socioeconomic status than their counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Lu
- School of Educational Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Meiting Liu
- Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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23
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Li L, Wang L, Wang X. Effect of smartphone use before bedtime on smartphone addiction behaviors among Chinese college students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1023245. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1023245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Smartphone addiction behaviors are becoming more and more common with the rapid popularity and widespread use of smartphones. Such behaviors are significantly influenced by the overuse of smartphones before bedtime. In this study, the overuse of smartphones after 9:00 pm before bedtime was investigated by an online questionnaire. The sample consists of 1,035 college students in China. The artificial neural networks were applied to predict the use time of smartphones before bedtime based on their different usages, and the relationship between smartphone usage and additive behaviors was analyzed. The results show that the neural network model can more accurately predict the usage time of smartphones according to the usage of smartphones before going to bed. At the same time, it is also found that the prediction accuracy of the samples that use the smartphone for less than half an hour and more than 3 h before bed is higher than that of other samples. Moreover, watching short videos and playing games are more likely to lead to mobile phone addiction behavior. These findings would help guide college students to correctly use phones and reduce smartphone addition, which is of great significance for mental health education.
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24
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Wang R, Yang R, Ran H, Xu X, Yang G, Wang T, Che Y, Fang D, Lu J, Xiao Y. Mobile phone addiction and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents in China. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14057. [PMID: 36275469 PMCID: PMC9583854 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has recently widely discussed. Independently, mobile phone addiction (MPA) has also attracted academic attention. A few research have examined the correlation between the two. However, there is inadequate knowledge to characterize this relationship altogether. This study further explores the correlation between MPA and NSSI, specifically repeated and severe NSSI. Method A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,719 adolescents in Lincang, Yunnan. The mobile phone addiction index (MPAI) and the Modified Adolescents Self-Harm Survey (MASHS) were administered in combination. The connection between the MPAI and NSSI, as well as both repeated and severe NSSI, was studied using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. (The copyright holders have permitted the authors to use the MPAI and the MASHS). Results The prevalence of NSSI was 47.11% (95% CI [36.2-58.0%]), and the detection rate of MPA was 11.11% (95% CI [6.7-18.0%]). The prevalence of NSSI among those with MPA was 4.280 times (95% CI [3.480-5.266]) that of respondents not exhibiting MPA. In addition, all subscales of the MPAI, except for the feeling anxious and lost subscale (FALS), were positively correlated with NSSI. Risk factors, represented by odds ratios, of repeated NSSI with the inability to control cravings subscale (ICCS), the FALS, and the withdrawal and escape subscale (WES) was 1.052 (95% CI [1.032-1.072]), 1.028 (95% CI [1.006-1.051]), and 1.048 (95% CI [1.019-1.078]) respectively. Risk factors of these same three subscales for severe NSSI, had odds ratios of 1.048 (95% CI [1.029-1.068]), 1.033 (95% CI [1.009-1.057]), and 1.045 (95% CI [1.018-1.073]). Conclusion MPA was shown to be a risk factor for NSSI in adolescents. Individuals with high scores on the ICCS, the WES, and the FALS were more prone to experience repeated and severe NSSI. As a result, early assessment using the MPAI to determine the need for intervention can contribute to the prediction and prevention of NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Psychiatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Runxu Yang
- Psychiatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hailiang Ran
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Psychiatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guangya Yang
- Psychiatric Department, Lincang Psychiatric Hospita, Lincang, Yunnan, China
| | - TianLan Wang
- Psychiatric Department, Lincang Psychiatric Hospita, Lincang, Yunnan, China
| | - Yusan Che
- Psychiatric Department, Lincang Psychiatric Hospita, Lincang, Yunnan, China
| | - Die Fang
- Psychiatric Department, Lincang Psychiatric Hospita, Lincang, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Psychiatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China,Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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25
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Tomska N, Rył A, Turoń-Skrzypińska A, Szylińska A, Marcinkowska J, Durys D, Rotter I. Emotional State of Young Men in Relation to Problematic Internet Use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12153. [PMID: 36231456 PMCID: PMC9566304 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Internet has become an indispensable tool in communication, business, entertainment, and obtaining information. Behavioral addictions are disorders associated with uncontrolled activity feeding the reward system, motivation, and memory. The purpose of this study was to assess the emotional state in terms of problematic Internet use. The survey was conducted in 2020-2021 in the West Pomeranian region of Poland and involved 500 men aged 18-30 (24.82 ± 3.83). The study was conducted using our own original questionnaire regarding the amount of time spent playing computer games during the weekdays and on days off; the type of school/university; financial situation; as well as the manner, purpose, and degree of Internet use. Other questionnaires were also used, i.e., Beck Depression Inventory, Internet Use Test, GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Assessment Questionnaire, and Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Problematic use of the Internet may result in the occurrence of anxiety, anger, hostility or depression. Longer duration of Internet activity was correlated to higher scores on the Internet Use Test degree of problematic Internet use. There was a correlation between the severity of mild depression symptoms and the occurrence of anxiety, verbal and physical aggression, and problematic Internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tomska
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54b, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rył
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54b, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Turoń-Skrzypińska
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54b, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szylińska
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54b, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Julia Marcinkowska
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Damian Durys
- Student Science Club “KINEZIS”, Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54b, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54b, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
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26
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Parental Control and College Students’ Adversarial Growth: A Discussion on Chinese One-Child Families. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101872. [PMID: 36292319 PMCID: PMC9602174 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental control can affect a children’s attitudes and their ability to cope with adversity after they become adults. This study explored the influence mechanism of parental control on adversity growth and the moderating effect of a growth mindset through a questionnaire survey completed by 354 Chinese college students born in one-child families. Hierarchical regression and structural equation analysis results show that parental control negatively affects adversarial growth, and self-identity plays a mediating role between parental control and adversarial growth. A higher degree of parental control will reduce the individual’s self-identity, which is not conducive to the occurrence of adversarial growth. A growth mindset negatively moderates the indirect effect of parental control on adversarial growth through self-identity. Individuals with a strong growth mindset have reduced negative effects of parental control on self-identity and adversarial growth. Even in countries with collectivist cultures, parental controls also need to be implemented carefully, and controlling parenting styles may be detrimental to individual growth after adversity. At the same time, it is necessary to consciously cultivate children’s growth mindsets, so as to inhibit the negative impact of parental control on adversarial growth.
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Guo L. Effect of Marxist ideological and political education on students' anxiety in colleges and universities. Front Psychol 2022; 13:997519. [PMID: 36204769 PMCID: PMC9530149 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.997519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of China's economy, politics and culture, the frequency of college students' anxiety has generally increased. Ideological and political educators in colleges should help college students to relieve anxiety and pressure in a timely manner, and constantly put forward effective and targeted methods. This paper analyzed the reasons for the anxiety of college students from three aspects: the way of dealing with the interpersonal relationship of college students, the degree of emphasis on college students' academic performance, and the way of college students' self-decompression. This paper proposed ways to strengthen the ability of thinking, carry out setback education, and improve the psychological quality of college students to realize the Marxist ideological and political education in colleges. This paper mainly used questionnaires and in-depth interviews to analyze the influence of mental health education courses on college students' anxiety management ability. Among them, after the end of the mental health education course, a questionnaire was distributed to the selected research subjects to understand their stress management ability status after the course. Through the analysis and comparison of the results of the two questionnaires before and after, as well as the comparison of the conventional teaching methods of college students' mental health education different from the teaching methods of group psychological counseling, it is necessary to understand the way college students' deal with anxiety. The study found that 19.23% of the students had great anxiety about interpersonal communication problems, and 9.62% of the students reported that they had no major anxiety problems. Therefore, Marxist ideological and political education in colleges has become an important means for college students to vent their emotions, relieve psychological pressure and avoid adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Guo
- School of Marxism, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
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28
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Ding Y, Huang H, Zhang Y, Peng Q, Yu J, Lu G, Wu H, Chen C. Correlations between smartphone addiction and alexithymia, attachment style, and subjective well-being: A meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:971735. [PMID: 36124050 PMCID: PMC9481561 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.971735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSmartphone addiction (SA) has become a social problem that affects peoples’ quality of life and is frequently reported to be correlated with alexithymia, avoidant or anxious attachment styles, and subjective well-being. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SA and alexithymia, attachment style, and subjective well-being.MethodsA meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG DATA, and Chongqing VIP Information Co., Ltd. (VIP). Stata 16.0 was used to analyze the overall effect and test the moderating effect.ResultsOne hundred and ten studies were included, involving a total of 96,680 participants. SA had a significantly high positive correlation with alexithymia (r = 0.40), attachment anxiety (r = 0.37), and negative emotions (r = 0.31), and a low positive correlation with attachment avoidance (r = 0.17). In addition, there was a high negative correlation between SA and subjective well-being (r = –0.33) and a low negative correlation between SA, life satisfaction (r = –0.17), and positive emotions (r = –0.18). A moderation analysis revealed that age significantly moderated the relationship between SA and positive emotions. The tools for measuring SA significantly moderated the relationship between SA, alexithymia, attachment anxiety, and subjective well-being. Meanwhile, subjective well-being measurement tools significantly moderated the relationships between SA, subjective well-being, and negative emotions.ConclusionSA was closely related to alexithymia, attachment style, and subjective well-being. In the future, longitudinal research can be conducted to better investigate the dynamic changes in the relationship between them.Systematic review registration[www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/], identifier [CRD42022334798].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Ding
- School of Nursing and Health, Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- School of Nursing and Health, Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- School of Nursing and Health, Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- School of Nursing and Health, Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jingfen Yu
- School of Nursing and Health, Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guangli Lu
- School of Business, Institute of Business Administration, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huifang Wu
- School of Business, Institute of Business Administration, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Huifang Wu,
| | - Chaoran Chen
- School of Nursing and Health, Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Chaoran Chen,
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Bai C, Chen X, Liu H, Yu K. Parental Expectation and Mobile Phone Addiction in Adolescents from Chinese Low-Income Families: The Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Social Anxiety. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2022; 25:589-596. [PMID: 36108283 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The parental expectation in adolescents' education is an essential factor of adolescents' social and emotional development. However, little is known about how it is related to adolescents' mobile phone addiction, especially for adolescents from low-income families. To address this issue, this study investigated the relationship between parental expectation and mobile phone addiction, and its underlying mechanisms in adolescents from low-income families. We hypothesized that parental expectation would negatively predict mobile phone addiction, and self-esteem and social anxiety would play multiple mediation roles in this relationship. Results from a sample of 1,953 Chinese adolescents in low-income families revealed that (a) parental expectation was negatively associated with adolescents' mobile phone addiction, (b) both social anxiety and self-esteem played partial and parallel mediating roles between parental expectation and mobile phone addiction, and (c) social anxiety and self-esteem mediated the association between parental expectation and mobile phone addiction sequentially. This study would advance our understanding of how proper parenting styles and social networks helped to prevent children's mobile phone addiction. The limitations and implications of this study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Bai
- Department of Social Security, School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Chen
- Department of Economics, School of Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- Department of Finance, Business School, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Career Development and Management, School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Effects of childhood adversity on smartphone addiction: The multiple mediation of life history strategies and smartphone use motivations. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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31
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Casale S, Fioravanti G, Bocci Benucci S, Falone A, Ricca V, Rotella F. A meta-analysis on the association between self-esteem and problematic smartphone use. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ren Z, Tan J, Huang B, Cheng J, Huang Y, Xu P, Fang X, Li H, Zhang D, Gao Y. Association between 24-Hour Movement Behaviors and Smartphone Addiction among Adolescents in Foshan City, Southern China: Compositional Data Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9942. [PMID: 36011576 PMCID: PMC9408153 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Smartphone addiction has become a public health issue. To help reduce smartphone addiction, we assessed the combined effect of 24-Hour Movement Behaviors on smartphone addiction during Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) home confinement in Foshan, China. Data were collected in a sample of 1323 senior middle school students ((mean age ± standard deviation): 16.4 ± 0.9 years; 43.46% males) during the COVID-19 lockdown. Their 24-Hour movement behaviors were assessed by a self-reported questionnaire, The Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). The compositional multiple linear regression model and compositional isotemporal substitution model were used to examine the association between the time budget composition of the day and smartphone addiction. Smartphone addiction occurred in 671 (50.72%) of the 1323 students. Compared with smartphone-addicted adolescents, non-smartphone-addicted adolescents had more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep duration (SLP), and less sedentary behavior (SB). The distribution of time spent in 24-Hour movement behaviors was significantly associated with smartphone addiction. The negative effect was found for the proportion of time spent in MVPA or SLP (ilr1-MVPA = −0.453, p < 0.001. ilr1-SLP = −3.641, p < 0.001, respectively) relative to the other three behaviors. Conversely, SB was positively associated with the score of smartphone addiction (ilr1-SB = 2.641, p < 0.001). Reallocating one behavior to remaining behaviors was associated with smartphone addiction. Noticeably, the effects of one behavior replacing another behavior and of one behavior being displaced by another behavior were asymmetric. The 24-Hour movement behaviors of adolescents are closely related to smartphone addiction, and future intervention studies should focus on the compositional attribute of 24-Hour movement behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Jianyi Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Baoying Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Jinqun Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Yanhong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Xuanbi Fang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Public Health Management and Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283, Jianghai Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Zhang W, Zhou F, Zhang Q, Lyu Z. Attachment anxiety and smartphone addiction among university students during confinement: Teacher–student relationships, student–student relationships and school connectedness as mediators. Front Public Health 2022; 10:947392. [PMID: 35991041 PMCID: PMC9388001 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.947392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning at home during the COVID-19 confinement might affect students' relationships with their peers, teachers, and schools and increase the possibility of smartphone addiction. We hypothesized that attachment anxiety directly and indirectly affects smartphone addiction, with teacher–student relationships, student–student relationships, and school connectedness as mediators. The participants were 999 university students from different regions of China. The results showed that six of the paths were significant except the one between student–student relationships and smartphone addiction. Also, the association between attachment anxiety and smartphone addiction was mediated by teacher–student relationships and school connectedness not but student–student relationships. The current study highlights the mediating effect of school connectedness and teacher–student relationships in the multiple mediation model, and suggests that universities can alleviate the risk of smartphone addiction in distance teaching by cultivating good teacher–student relationships and strengthening students' sense of belonging to their schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- School of Journalism and Culture Communication, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Wen Zhang
| | - Fangzhou Zhou
- Institute of Communication Studies, Communication University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- School of Accounting, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixuan Lyu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Chen W. Exploring digital natives' mobile addiction syndrome in Taiwan: psychological issues and beyond. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & PEOPLE 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/itp-08-2021-0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThis study seeks to explore digital natives' mobile usage behaviors and, in turn, develop an analytic framework that helps articulate the underlying components of mobile addiction syndrome (MAS), its severity levels and mobile usage purposes.Design/methodology/approachThe investigation adopts a survey method and a case study. The results of the former are based on 411 random classroom observations and 205 questionnaire responses, and the insights of the latter are derived from 24 interviews and daily observations.FindingsThe findings validate five distinctive signs that constitute MAS and their significant correlations with each of the Big Five personality traits. Classroom observations confirm the prevalence of addiction tendency among digital natives in the research context. Seven levels of MAS and six different mobile usage purposes further manifest themselves from case analysis. There appears to be a sharp contrast between the addicted and non-addicted groups in their mobile purposes and behavioral patterns. Additionally, family relationships seem influential in shaping non-addictive mobile usage behaviors.Research limitations/implicationsPsychological perspectives on MAS may be important but insufficient. Empirical investigation on a global scale, especially with distinctive cross-cultural comparisons, will be highly encouraged. How MAS evolves over time should also serve as future research interests.Practical implicationsTeaching pedagogy of college education might need certain adjustments to intrigue digital natives' learning interests. Future managers might also need to adopt better performance measurements for digital natives who barely separate work from personal matters in their mobile devices.Social implicationsParents and healthcare institutions may need to develop response mechanism to tackle this global issue at home and in society. The long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on MAS might also deserve global attention.Originality/valueThe analytic framework developed provides an original mechanism that can be valuable in identifying MAS severity and associated behavioral patterns.
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The Relationship between Attachment Styles and Compulsive Online Shopping: The Mediating Roles of Family Functioning Patterns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138162. [PMID: 35805821 PMCID: PMC9266044 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of e-commerce has made the buying experience faster, potentially anonymous, and without limits of space and time. While this may produce benefits, for some individuals, online shopping can become an addiction. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the psychological factors that may be associated with Compulsive Online Shopping, with a specific focus on the role of Attachment Styles and Family Functioning patterns as risk or protective factors. The study involved a sample of 306 participants (Mage = 31.86 years, SD = 11.925) who filled out an online survey consisting of the Compulsive Online Shopping Scale, Relationship Questionnaire, Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-IV, as well as a demographic questionnaire. The results showed two significant parallel mediation models. In the first one, Secure Attachment was negatively and significantly related to Compulsive Online Shopping, with the mediation of Cohesion and Enmeshed Family Functioning. In the second one, Fearful Attachment was positively and significantly related to Compulsive Online Shopping, with the mediation of Cohesion and Enmeshed Family Functioning. Important implications for preventive activity and tailored interventions may emerge from these data.
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Priya DB, Subramaniyam M. Fatigue due to smartphone use? Investigating research trends and methods for analysing fatigue caused by extensive smartphone usage: A review. Work 2022; 72:637-650. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The easy accessibility of smartphones has led to a fivefold increase in their use. People use smartphones almost anywhere, including during travelling and studying. During the global COVID-19 pandemic, the average smartphone screen time has increased from 2.25 to 4.8 hours per day. In India, smartphone usage increased by 68%, and the average screen time increased from 2.42 to 6.9 hours. This dependency on smartphones has led to smartphone addiction. Inappropriate postures during the prolonged use of smartphones can exert adverse effects such as musculoskeletal disorders, digital eye strain, loss of focus and attention. OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to understand the effects of prolonged smartphone utilisation and explored fatigue measurement techniques. METHODS: A total of 130 studies examining the effects of smartphone utilisation published in the previous 10 years were identified from the following databases: IEEE, Science Direct, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar are reviewed. This study was conducted from September 2019 to January 2021. RESULTS: One in every four adolescents were prone to smartphone addiction, which causes poor mental health. Moreover, India’s research on the effects of excessive smartphone usage is limited. CONCLUSIONS: Studies are required to establish the correlation between fatigue levels and smartphone usage patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Bhanu Priya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murali Subramaniyam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Liu X, Cao X, Gao W. Does Low Self-Esteem Predict Anxiety Among Chinese College Students? Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1481-1487. [PMID: 35719193 PMCID: PMC9199909 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s361807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between anxiety and self-esteem among college students. Participants and methods A total of 2473 Chinese college students were tracked, with their anxiety and self-esteem levels collected annually over the four academic years. The study employed a four-wave random intercept cross-lagged panel model to examine the prospective relationship between anxiety and self-esteem. Results The anxiety levels were negatively associated with self-esteem over campus life. Results of the four-wave cross-lagged panel model revealed that low self-esteem maintained having subsequent negative impacts on students' anxiety levels, while the effects became progressively stronger over the four academic years. Meanwhile, no significant prospective effects were identified of anxiety levels on self-esteem. Conclusion The study confirmed self-esteem as one of the leading contributors to anxiety for college students and emphasized the importance of nourishing the self-esteem of students to alleviate their anxiety issues and improve their mental health at college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiao Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Cao
- Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Gao
- Institute of Higher Education, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
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Shu Y, Lin W, Yang J, Huang P, Li B, Zhang X. How social support predicts anxiety among university students during COVID-19 control phase: Mediating roles of self-esteem and resilience. ANALYSES OF SOCIAL ISSUES AND PUBLIC POLICY : ASAP 2022; 22:ASAP12314. [PMID: 35936873 PMCID: PMC9347583 DOI: 10.1111/asap.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Public health emergency, such as COVID-19 pandemic, generally has severe impacts on mental health in public. One of the often-neglected negative consequences is that the control and prevention measures of COVID-19 in the post-epidemic can pose psychological threats to public mental health. This study aimed to seek the factors and mechanisms to alleviate this mental health threat based on a sample of university students in China. Accordingly, this study proposed an environmental-individual interaction model examining the multiple mediating effects of self-esteem and resilience in the association between social support and anxiety among university students during COVID-19 control phase. A questionnaire containing multiple scales were administered on the sample of 2734 Chinese university students. Results indicated that social support negatively predicted anxiety through the serial mediating effects of self-esteem and resilience sequentially. Our results highlight the impact of social support and the internal factors on relieving anxiety among university students in COVID-19 control phase. Findings suggest that effective psychological intervention tools should be designed and offered to college students to reduce anxiety distress and improve mental health in the post-epidemic era or the similar situations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacong Shu
- School of PsychologyJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Wenzheng Lin
- School of PsychologyJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Jia Yang
- School of PsychologyJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Pengfei Huang
- School of PsychologyJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Biqin Li
- School of PsychologyJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of PsychologyJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchangChina
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Do adolescents addict to internet games after being phubbed by parents? The roles of maladaptive cognition and self-esteem. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Xiao Z, Huang J. The Relation Between College Students' Social Anxiety and Mobile Phone Addiction: The Mediating Role of Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy and Subjective Well-Being. Front Psychol 2022; 13:861527. [PMID: 35586231 PMCID: PMC9108388 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.861527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explores the underlying mechanism of the relationship between college students' social anxiety and mobile phone addiction. Adopting college students' social anxiety scale, regulatory emotional self-efficacy scale, subjective well-being scale and mobile phone addiction scale, this research tested valid samples of 680 Chinese college students. The results indicated that social anxiety exerted a significant and positive impact on mobile phone addiction. Regulatory emotional self-efficacy played a partial mediating role between social anxiety and mobile phone addiction. Subjective well-being also played a partial mediating role between social anxiety and mobile phone addiction. Moreover, both regulatory emotional self-efficacy and subjective well-being were found to play a chain mediating role between social anxiety and mobile phone addiction. The study provides valuable insights into the impact of college students' social anxiety on mobile phone addiction.
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41
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Leng X, Chen Y, Song X, Zhou X, Li X. Make “Incongruent” to Be “Excellent”: Fluid Compensation in Extremely Incongruent New Products. Front Psychol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9062516 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.878039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Under fierce market competition, firms are accelerating the pace of product innovation, which may bring extremely incongruent new products. Generally, consumers are unfamiliar with extreme incongruence, resulting in passive product evaluation and a low success rate. This study draws on the meaning maintenance model of fluid compensation theory to examine how extremely incongruent new products influence product evaluation. Three experiments indicate that consumers’ product evaluation of extremely incongruent new products is significantly lower than that of congruent products, and it can be notably improved by three ways of fluid compensation. The findings revealed that anxiety moderates the relationship between extremely incongruent new products and product evaluations, and further self-esteem moderates the relationship on the main effects. Overall, our research reconciles divergent findings on the effect of extremely incongruent new products on the effects of product evaluation and further provides rich managerial implications for product innovation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionghui Leng
- School of Economics and Management, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Xionghui Leng,
| | - You Chen
- School of Economics and Management, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinyu Song
- College of Foreign Languages, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- School of Economics and Management, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xi Li
- School of Economics and Management, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China
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Alotaibi MS, Fox M, Coman R, Ratan ZA, Hosseinzadeh H. Smartphone Addiction Prevalence and Its Association on Academic Performance, Physical Health, and Mental Well-Being among University Students in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063710. [PMID: 35329397 PMCID: PMC8954621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Smartphone use can lead to smartphone addiction, which is a growing concern worldwide. However, there are limited studies about smartphone addiction and its impacts on university students in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to fill this gap. This is a quantitative study conducted among undergraduate students in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia from May 2019 and February 2021. Study data were collected using both online and hard copy administered surveys. A self-administered questionnaire, Grade point average, Smartphone Addiction Short Version, and Kessler Psychological Distress scales were used to assess the outcomes. A total of 545 undergraduate students, mostly females, aged ≤21 years old and lived with large family sizes. More than half owned a smartphone for 5–8 years and the majority used their smartphone on average 6–11 h per day for social networking (82.6%), entertainment (66.2%) and web surfing (59.6%). Most of the participants were smartphone-addicted (67.0%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≤ 21, not gainfully employed, small family size and high family income were the main significant socio-demographic predictors of smartphone addiction. Smartphone-addicted participants were more likely to: have lower academic performance (GPA); be physically inactive; have poor sleep; be overweight/obese; have pain in their shoulder (39.2%), eyes (62.2%) and neck (67.7%) and have a serious mental illness (30.7%). This finding has significant implications for decision makers and suggests that smartphone education focusing on the physical and mental health consequences of smartphone addiction among university students can be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saud Alotaibi
- Department of Social Work, College of Social Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia;
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
| | - Mim Fox
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
| | - Robyn Coman
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
| | - Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Hassan Hosseinzadeh
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (M.F.); (R.C.); (Z.A.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Vismara L, Lucarelli L, Sechi C. Attachment style and mental health during the later stages of COVID‐19 pandemic: the mediation role of loneliness and COVID-19 anxiety. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:62. [PMID: 35287741 PMCID: PMC8919140 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An insecure attachment style is an important risk factor for psychological problems. The aim of this study was to use Bartholomew and Horowitz’s model (Bartholomew and Horowitz in J Pers Soc Psychol 61(2): 226, 2019) to test a sample of Italian individuals to determine the mediation role of loneliness and COVID-19-related anxiety symptoms in the relationship between attachment styles and mental health issues in the context of the pandemic. Method A cross-sectional research study was conducted using a sample of 330 Italian participants (82.1% women; mean age = 34.3 years; SD = 13.16) who completed online self-reported measures of attachment styles (RQ), loneliness (RULS), COVID-19-related anxiety symptoms (C-19ASS) and mental health problems (GHQ-12). Serial mediation analyses were performed, and bootstrap tests were included. Results Our results supported the hypothesized model with respect to each attachment style (p < 0.001). In particular, insecure attachment styles predict mental health problems both directly and indirectly, through loneliness and COVID-19-related anxiety symptoms. In addition, loneliness directly influences mental health problems and also mediates the relationship between insecure attachment styles and COVID-19-related anxiety symptoms which, in turn, positively predict mental health problems. Conclusions Our findings reinforce the importance of attachment in people’s processes of adapting to experiences during the coronavirus pandemic. The study makes an important contribution to developing effective prevention and intervention strategies to support people’s wellbeing in the context of the pandemic.
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The Impact of Nomophobia, Stress, and Loneliness on Smartphone Addiction among Young Adults during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Israeli Case Analysis. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Technological development in recent times has dramatically changed the way people live, interact with, and consume information. Since the emergence of the first iPhone in January 2007 until today, mobile phones are used daily for a range of purposes. Using mobile phones for various purposes intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic due to isolation or government lockdown regulations. However, along with the advantages of smartphone usage there are many disadvantages such as smartphone addiction and continuous exposure to digital screens, behaviors known as PSU—problematic smartphone use. This study explores the impact of several variables on PSU: loneliness, the need for social interaction, sleep hours, fear of losing phone access (nomophobia), and stress among young adults in Israel. The variables are examined with respect to two time periods: 1. During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns (defined as “T1”) and 2. Following the end of the first wave of COVID-19 lockdowns (defined as “T2”). The results indicated that nomophobia, social affiliation, and sleep hours affect PSU. In addition, the indirect effect of the number of sleep hours on stress and PSU was found to be significant in T2 and in T1. The findings and their implications are discussed.
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Li L, Niu Z, Mei S, Griffiths MD. A network analysis approach to the relationship between fear of missing out (FoMO), smartphone addiction, and social networking site use among a sample of Chinese university students. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wang D, Nie X, Zhang D, Hu Y. The relationship between parental psychological control and problematic smartphone use in early Chinese adolescence: A repeated-measures study at two time-points. Addict Behav 2022; 125:107142. [PMID: 34673361 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the bidirectional relationship between parental psychological control and problematic smartphone use (PSU) in early Chinese adolescence using a two time-points repeated-measures study and explored the role of psychological security and insomnia in the relationship between parental psychological control and subsequent PSU in early adolescence. The sample consisted of 2128 fourth- and fifth-grade students (55.69% male, age = 9 to 13, Mage ± SD = 10.91 ± 0.80) who participated in two measurements and completed questionnaires about parental psychological control, PSU, psychological security and insomnia. The results indicated that: (1) Autoregressive cross-lagged models showed a reciprocal relationship between parental psychological control and PSU severity in early adolescence. (2) Both psychological security and insomnia mediate the link between parental psychological control and subsequent PSU severity. (3) Psychological security and insomnia play serial mediating roles between parental psychological control and subsequent PSU severity. These findings indicate that reducing parental psychological control, boosting psychological security and alleviating insomnia symptoms in adolescents are all conducive to decrease PSU severity in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, China
| | - Xinxiao Nie
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, China
| | - Dexiu Zhang
- Zaozhuang Shizhong Experimental Middle School, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, China.
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Chu X, Wang Q, Huang W, Wang Y, Yu J, Zhou Y, Chen T, Lei L. Neuroticism and problematic online gaming: The mediating role of social anxiety and the moderating role of family socioeconomic status. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Herrero J, Torres A, Vivas P, Urueña A. Smartphone Addiction, Social Support, and Cybercrime Victimization: A Discrete Survival and Growth Mixture Model. INTERVENCION PSICOSOCIAL 2022; 31:59-66. [PMID: 37362618 PMCID: PMC10268539 DOI: 10.5093/pi2022a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, criminological theories have identified a set of vulnerabilities in potential victims that seek to explain their victimization. When it comes to explaining cybercrime victimization, however, the important role that addiction to the vulnerabilities associated with technological devices can play has tended to be overlooked. In this paper we empirically link smartphone addiction, social support, and cyberfraud victimization in a nationally representative sample of 716 smartphone users followed for three years. The results of discrete survival and growth mixture models suggest that the probability of cyberfraud victimization is lower among users with a decrease in smartphone addiction and an increase in social support over the three years. These results allow us to suggest new avenues in the study of cybercrime victimization, with special emphasis on the psychosocial consequences that the deregulated use of these technological devices may entail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Herrero
- University of OviedoOviedoSpainUniversity of Oviedo, Spain
| | - Andrea Torres
- University of OviedoOviedoSpainUniversity of Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pep Vivas
- Universitat Oberta de CataluñaBarcelonaSpainUniversitat Oberta de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Urueña
- Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpainUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
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Yang L, Chen Y, Zhang M, Zhang J. Pathological online game use of secondary vocational school students: Current situation and its relation to self-esteem and self-identity. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:937841. [PMID: 36046157 PMCID: PMC9421143 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.937841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary Vocational School Students are particularly susceptible to online game addiction due to adolescent characteristics and superimposed pressures of academic and employment. Based on the theoretical framework of self-identity and self-esteem, the present research conducted a questionnaire survey using samples of secondary vocational school students to investigate the relationship between pathological online game use (POGU), self-esteem and self-identity. The results showed that 15.56% of secondary vocational students' level of POGU met the diagnostic criteria, and POGU and self-esteem appeared significant differences in gender and family types. Moreover, lower self-esteem and self-identity were associated with higher POGU and self-esteem played a partial mediating role in the relationship between self-identity and POGU. We briefly discussed practical implications of our findings and the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Yang
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Fujian Ocean Vocational School, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Psychology, School of Education, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengxia Zhang
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinkun Zhang
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Mohd Salleh Sahimi H, Norzan MH, Nik Jaafar NR, Sharip S, Ashraf A, Shanmugam K, Bistamam NS, Mohammad Arrif NE, Kumar S, Midin M. Excessive smartphone use and its correlations with social anxiety and quality of life among medical students in a public university in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:956168. [PMID: 36506446 PMCID: PMC9729953 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.956168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smartphone usage has significantly increased in the last decade among young adults has significantly increased in the last decade. While its benefits are undeniable, its negative implications are increasingly emerging. Studies are needed to investigate the effects of excessive smartphone use on a young person's life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of excessive smartphone use among medical students and its relations with social anxiety, self-esteem, and quality of life. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in UKM Medical Center. A total of 273 students have consented to participate and completed self-reported questionnaires encompassing sociodemographic information, the Short Version Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV), the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES). Sociodemographic data, SIAS score, WHOQOL-BREF score and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale score were treated as independent variables. Smartphone addiction Scale score was treated as the dependent variable. Bivariate analysis was used to explore the relationship between independent and dependent variables using the Fisher exact test, Pearson Chi-Square and Pearson correlation coefficient. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the variables with a p-value of < 0.05 from the Pearson correlation coefficient test. RESULTS The percentage of excessive smarphone use among UKM medical students is 48%. The bivariate analysis showed that excessive smartphone use has a small but significant positive correlation with social anxiety (r = 0.173, p = 0.004) and negative correlations with physical health (r = -0.133, p = 0.028), psychological wellbeing (r =-0.135, p = 0.026), social relationships (r = -0.232, p = 0.001), environment (r = -0.260, p = 0.001) and self-esteem (r = -0.128, p = 0.035). In the multiple regression analysis, a better environment predicted a reduced risk for smartphone addiction (β = -0.233, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION Almost half of the students were found to have smartphone overdependence. Excessive smartphone use has shown a significant relationship with an increased risk for social anxiety, reduction in self-esteem, and quality of life among medical students. A closer look into the possible intervention is needed in the future to curb the negative effects arising from excessive smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Hafiz Norzan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Shalisah Sharip
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Ammar Ashraf
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Kamaleshini Shanmugam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Nur Shahirah Bistamam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | | | - Saathish Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Marhani Midin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
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