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Development and validation of the parents' cognitive perception inventory of disaster effects on children's well-being (PCP-DCWB). BMC Psychol 2022; 10:212. [PMID: 36057628 PMCID: PMC9441042 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents' cognition about the type and nature of consequences a disaster may pose on the children's psychosocial health, could be a major protective factor against the long-term overwhelming complications. Given the lack of a reliable instrument to measure parents' cognition about disasters' effects on children's well-being, this study was conducted to develop and validate the parents' cognitive perception inventory of disaster effects on children's well-being (PCP-DCWB). METHODS In this cross-sectional study 300 parents of the survived primary school aged children from the Iran's northwest earthquake on August 2012 were recruited in the city of Varzegan. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to identify the subcomponents and Cronbach's alpha and Guttmann Split-half coefficients were calculated to assess the internal consistency reliability of the scale. RESULTS Structural indicators of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure (0.69) and Bartlett's test of Sphericity (P < 0.001, df = 153, X2 = 618.35) verified interpretability of the EFA output. Applying principal component analysis and direct oblimin rotation in the EFA four latent factors were identified (i.e., perception about child overall mental health, coping with trauma's long-term effects, children or parents' continuing memory of past disaster and perception about behavioral and educational problems) which explained 49.32% of the total variance. The estimated Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability coefficients (0.71 and 0.52 respectively) supported good internal consistency of the instrument. CONCLUSION The study findings revealed sound psychometric attributes of the PCP-DCWB to be applied in assessment of parents' cognition about psychological impacts of a traumatic event on the survived children. The instrument application can shed light on level of pre-disaster preparations in local, national and international scales and help effectiveness assessment of interventions that target maintenance of psycho-social well-being among disaster-affected survivors over time.
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Durodié B, Wainwright D. Terrorism and post-traumatic stress disorder: a historical review. Lancet Psychiatry 2019; 6:61-71. [PMID: 30342864 PMCID: PMC9939936 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Terror is a psychological state. Historically, most studies of terrorism focused on its societal purpose and structural consequences rather than mental health effects. That emphasis began to change shortly before the Sept 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. A vast expansion of research into post-traumatic stress disorder accompanied revisions to the classification of mental health disorders. The effect of terrorist incidents on those people now deemed vulnerable, both directly and indirectly, was actively sought. However, a review of more than 400 research articles (mostly published after Sept 11) on the association between terrorism and mental health reached the largely overlooked conclusion that terrorism is not terrorising-at least not in a way that causes a greater than expected frequency of post-traumatic stress disorder than other traumatic events. This conclusion is surprising given the emphasis on the psychological effects of terrorism in political discourse, media commentary, contemporary culture, and academic inquiry. Authorities might prefer to encourage an interpretation of terrorist incidents that highlights fortitude and courage rather than psychological vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Durodié
- Department of Politics, Languages, and International Studies, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
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Measuring Adolescent Coping Styles Following a Natural Disaster: An ESEM Analysis of the Kidcope. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-018-9288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lee MS, Hwang JW, Lee CS, Kim JY, Lee JH, Kim E, Chang HY, Bae S, Park JH, Bhang SY. Development of post-disaster psychosocial evaluation and intervention for children: Results of a South Korean delphi panel survey. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195235. [PMID: 29596483 PMCID: PMC5875888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to administer a Delphi panel survey and provide evidence for the development of a psychological intervention protocol for use after disasters in South Korea. METHOD A three-round Delphi survey was conducted. In all rounds, respondents answered open- or closed-ended questions regarding their views on i) the concept of disaster, ii) evaluation, iii) intervention, and iv) considerations in a disaster. Data from Round 1 were subjected to content analysis. In Round 2, items with content validity ratios (CVRs) greater than 0.49 were included, and in Round 3, items with a CVR≥0.38 were accepted. RESULTS The response rates for the Delphi survey were high: 83% (n = 15, Round 1), 80% (n = 16, Round 2), and 86% (n = 24, Round 3). The data collected during this survey showed a need for a support system for children; for preventive strategies, including disaster readiness plans; for the protection of children's safety; and for the development of post-disaster psychosocial care. CONCLUSIONS The panel experts reached a consensus regarding the steps they considered critical in post-disaster evaluation and intervention. The findings suggest a unified model for advancing the development of the Korean version of an intervention protocol for children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Won Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Cheol-Soon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | | | | | - Eunji Kim
- Todak Psychiatry Clinic, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyoung Yoon Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Sunflower Center of Southern Gyeonggi for Women and Children Victims of Violence, Suwon, Korea
| | - SeungMin Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jang-Ho Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Bhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Ferrara P, Sbordone A, Del Vescovo E, Ianniello F, Ruggiero A. Il bambino violato: aspetti moderni del maltrattamento che il pediatra deve conoscere. MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA 2018:103-117. [DOI: 10.3280/mal2018-001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
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Early Child Disaster Mental Health Interventions: A Review of the Empirical Evidence. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-017-9397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lai BS, Esnard AM, Lowe SR, Peek L. Schools and Disasters: Safety and Mental Health Assessment and Interventions for Children. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2016; 18:109. [PMID: 27778233 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-016-0743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This article draws on experiences and lessons from global disasters and utilizes the United Nations Comprehensive School Safety Framework to highlight the necessary role of safe schools in protecting children, as well as adult staff, from the immediate threats and long-term implications of disasters. Specifically, we focus on three well-established pillars of school safety: Pillar I: Safe Learning Facilities; Pillar II: Disaster Management; and Pillar III: Risk Reduction and Resilience Education. In addition, we propose a potential fourth pillar, which underscores the function of schools in postdisaster mental health assessment and intervention for children. We argue that schools offer a central location and trusted institutional space for mental health assessment and intervention after disasters. We also examine the important linkages between schools, child mental health, and household and family recovery. We conclude with recommendations for filling gaps in research and practice related to ensuring the safety of schools and the associated health and well-being of children in the face of future disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty S Lai
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, 1 Park Place, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Ann-Margaret Esnard
- Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, 14 Marietta Street, NW, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Sarah R Lowe
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Avenue, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA
| | - Lori Peek
- Department of Sociology, Colorado State University, B-237 Clark Building, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Houston JB, First J, Spialek ML, Sorenson ME, Koch M. Public Disaster Communication and Child and Family Disaster Mental Health: a Review of Theoretical Frameworks and Empirical Evidence. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2016; 18:54. [PMID: 27086315 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-016-0690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Children have been identified as particularly vulnerable to psychological and behavioral difficulties following disaster. Public child and family disaster communication is one public health tool that can be utilized to promote coping/resilience and ameliorate maladaptive child reactions following an event. We conducted a review of the public disaster communication literature and identified three main functions of child and family disaster communication: fostering preparedness, providing psychoeducation, and conducting outreach. Our review also indicates that schools are a promising system for child and family disaster communication. We complete our review with three conclusions. First, theoretically, there appears to be a great opportunity for public disaster communication focused on child disaster reactions. Second, empirical research assessing the effects of public child and family disaster communication is essentially nonexistent. Third, despite the lack of empirical evidence in this area, there is opportunity for public child and family disaster communication efforts that address new domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brian Houston
- Disaster and Community Crisis Center, Department of Communication, University of Missouri, 115 Switzler Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211-2310, USA.
| | - Jennifer First
- Disaster and Community Crisis Center, School of Social Work, University of Missouri, 206 Switzler Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Matthew L Spialek
- Disaster and Community Crisis Center, Department of Communication, University of Missouri, 207 Switzler Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211-2310, USA
| | - Mary E Sorenson
- Disaster and Community Crisis Center, Department of Communication, University of Missouri, 007 Switzler Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211-2310, USA
| | - Megan Koch
- Disaster and Community Crisis Center, Department of Communication, University of Missouri, 006A Switzler Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211-2310, USA
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Abstract
There is widespread support for the hypothesis that, post-disaster, children's mental health is impacted--at least in part--via the impact on parents, parenting, parent-child interactions, and the family environment. To some degree, the enthusiasm with which this hypothesis is held outstrips the evidence examining it. The current paper critically evaluates the empirical evidence for this hypothesis and concludes that although limited (both in terms of number of existing studies and methodological flaws), the extant literature indicates some parent-related variables, as well as some aspects of the family environment are likely to constitute risk or protective factors for children. Given that parenting is modifiable, it is proposed that the identified parent- and family-related factors represent important therapeutic targets, and a universal post-disaster parenting intervention (Disaster Recovery Triple P) is described.
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Supporting Social and Emotional Skills After a Disaster: Findings from a Mixed Methods Study. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-016-9180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Child Disaster Mental Health Services: a Review of the System of Care, Assessment Approaches, and Evidence Base for Intervention. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2016; 18:5. [PMID: 26719308 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-015-0647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Several decades of research have informed our knowledge of children's reactions to disasters and the factors that influence their reactions. This article describes the system of care for child disaster mental health services using population risk to determine needed services and a stepped care approach built on assessment and monitoring to advance children to appropriate services. To assess the evidence base for disaster interventions, recent reviews of numerous child disaster mental health interventions are summarized.
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Fu C, Underwood C. A meta-review of school-based disaster interventions for child and adolescent survivors. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2015; 27:161-71. [DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2015.1117978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ruggiero KJ, Price M, Adams Z, Stauffacher K, McCauley J, Danielson CK, Knapp R, Hanson RF, Davidson TM, Amstadter AB, Carpenter MJ, Saunders BE, Kilpatrick DG, Resnick HS. Web Intervention for Adolescents Affected by Disaster: Population-Based Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 54:709-17. [PMID: 26299292 PMCID: PMC4548271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of Bounce Back Now (BBN), a modular, Web-based intervention for disaster-affected adolescents and their parents. METHOD A population-based randomized controlled trial used address-based sampling to enroll 2,000 adolescents and parents from communities affected by tornadoes in Joplin, MO, and several areas in Alabama. Data collection via baseline and follow-up semi-structured telephone interviews was completed between September 2011 and August 2013. All families were invited to access the BBN study Web portal irrespective of mental health status at baseline. Families who accessed the Web portal were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 groups: BBN, which featured modules for adolescents and parents targeting adolescents' mental health symptoms; BBN plus additional modules targeting parents' mental health symptoms; or assessment only. The primary outcomes were adolescent symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. RESULTS Nearly 50% of families accessed the Web portal. Intent-to-treat analyses revealed time × condition interactions for PTSD symptoms (B = -0.24, SE = 0.08, p < .01) and depressive symptoms (B = -0.23, SE = 0.09, p < .01). Post hoc comparisons revealed fewer PTSD and depressive symptoms for adolescents in the experimental versus control conditions at 12-month follow-up (PTSD: B = -0.36, SE = 0.19, p = .06; depressive symptoms: B = -0.42, SE = 0.19, p = 0.03). A time × condition interaction also was found that favored the BBN versus BBN + parent self-help condition for PTSD symptoms (B = 0.30, SE = 0.12, p = .02) but not depressive symptoms (B = 0.12, SE = 0.12, p = .33). CONCLUSION Results supported the feasibility and initial efficacy of BBN as a scalable disaster mental health intervention for adolescents. Technology-based solutions have tremendous potential value if found to reduce the mental health burden of disasters. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Web-based Intervention for Disaster-Affected Youth and Families; http://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01606514.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Ruggiero
- Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and the Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tatiana M Davidson
- Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and the Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
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Abstract
Children face innumerable challenges following exposure to disasters. To address trauma sequelae, researchers and clinicians have developed a variety of mental health interventions. While the overall effectiveness of multiple interventions has been examined, few studies have focused on the individual components of these interventions. As a preliminary step to advancing intervention development and research, this literature review identifies and describes nine common components that comprise child disaster mental health interventions. This review concluded that future research should clearly define the constituent components included in available interventions. This will require that future studies dismantle interventions to examine the effectiveness of specific components and identify common therapeutic elements. Issues related to populations studied (eg, disaster exposure, demographic and cultural influences) and to intervention delivery (eg, timing and optimal sequencing of components) also warrant attention.
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Newman E, Pfefferbaum B, Kirlic N, Tett R, Nelson S, Liles B. Meta-analytic review of psychological interventions for children survivors of natural and man-made disasters. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2014; 16:462. [PMID: 25085234 PMCID: PMC4400816 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-014-0462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although many post-disaster interventions for children and adolescent survivors of disaster and terrorism have been created, little is known about the effectiveness of such interventions. Therefore, this meta-analysis assessed PTSD outcomes among children and adolescent survivors of natural and man-made disasters receiving psychological interventions. Aggregating results from 24 studies (total N=2630) indicates that children and adolescents receiving psychological intervention fared significantly better than those in control or waitlist groups with respect to PTSD symptoms. Moderator effects were also observed for intervention package, treatment modality (group vs. individual), providers' level of training, intervention setting, parental involvement, participant age, length of treatment, intervention delivery timing, and methodological rigor. Findings are discussed in detail with suggestions for practice and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana Newman
- University of Tulsa Institute of Trauma, Adversity, and Injustice, Department of Psychology, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74103, USA
| | - Betty Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Terrorism and Disaster Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, PO Box 26901, Williams Pavilion 3470, Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901, USA
| | - Namik Kirlic
- University of Tulsa Institute of Trauma, Adversity, and Injustice, Department of Psychology, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74103, USA
| | - Robert Tett
- University of Tulsa Institute of Trauma, Adversity, and Injustice, Department of Psychology, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74103, USA
| | - Summer Nelson
- University of Tulsa Institute of Trauma, Adversity, and Injustice, Department of Psychology, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74103, USA
| | - Brandi Liles
- University of Tulsa Institute of Trauma, Adversity, and Injustice, Department of Psychology, 800 South Tucker Drive, Tulsa, OK 74103, USA
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