1
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Lebek T, Malaguti M, Boezio GL, Zoupi L, Briscoe J, Elfick A, Lowell S. PUFFFIN: an ultra-bright, customisable, single-plasmid system for labelling cell neighbourhoods. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00154-w. [PMID: 38997504 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell communication coordinates developmental processes, maintains homeostasis, and contributes to disease. Therefore, understanding the relationship between cells in a shared environment is crucial. Here we introduce Positive Ultra-bright Fluorescent Fusion For Identifying Neighbours (PUFFFIN), a cell neighbour-labelling system based upon secretion and uptake of positively supercharged fluorescent protein s36GFP. We fused s36GFP to mNeonGreen or to a HaloTag, facilitating ultra-bright, sensitive, colour-of-choice labelling. Secretor cells transfer PUFFFIN to neighbours while retaining nuclear mCherry, making identification, isolation, and investigation of live neighbours straightforward. PUFFFIN can be delivered to cells, tissues, or embryos on a customisable single-plasmid construct composed of interchangeable components with the option to incorporate any transgene. This versatility enables the manipulation of cell properties, while simultaneously labelling surrounding cells, in cell culture or in vivo. We use PUFFFIN to ask whether pluripotent cells adjust the pace of differentiation to synchronise with their neighbours during exit from naïve pluripotency. PUFFFIN offers a simple, sensitive, customisable approach to profile non-cell-autonomous responses to natural or induced changes in cell identity or behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamina Lebek
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Mattias Malaguti
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- Centre for Engineering Biology, Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | | | - Lida Zoupi
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | | | - Alistair Elfick
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 3DW, UK
- UK Centre for Mammalian Synthetic Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Sally Lowell
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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2
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Carter BM, Day GJ, Zhang WH, Sessions RB, Jackson CJ, Perriman AW. Partitioning of an Enzyme-Polymer Surfactant Nanocomplex into Lipid-Rich Cellular Compartments Drives In Situ Hydrolysis of Organophosphates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401982. [PMID: 38992997 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Most organophosphates (OPs) are hydrophobic, and after exposure, can sequester into lipophilic regions within the body, such as adipose tissue, resulting in long term chronic effects. Consequently, there is an urgent need for therapeutic agents that can decontaminate OPs in these hydrophobic regions. Accordingly, an enzyme-polymer surfactant nanocomplex is designed and tested comprising chemically supercharged phosphotriesterase (Agrobacterium radiobacter; arPTE) electrostatically conjugated to amphiphilic polymer surfactant chains ([cat.arPTE][S-]). Experimentally-derived structural data are combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to provide atomic level detail on conformational ensembles of the nanocomplex using dielectric constants relevant to aqueous and lipidic microenvironments. These show the formation of a compact admicelle pseudophase surfactant corona under aqueous conditions, which reconfigures to yield an extended conformation at a low dielectric constant, providing insight into the mechanism underpinning cell membrane binding. Significantly, it demonstrated that [cat.arPTE][S-] spontaneously binds to human mesenchymal stem cell membranes (hMSCs), resulting in on-cell OP hydrolysis. Moreover, the nanoconstruct can endocytose and partition into the intracellular fatty vacuoles of adipocytes and hydrolyze sequestered OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Carter
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Graham J Day
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - William H Zhang
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | | | - Colin J Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Adam W Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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3
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Korpidou M, Becker J, Tarvirdipour S, Dinu IA, Becer CR, Palivan CG. Glycooligomer-Functionalized Catalytic Nanocompartments Co-Loaded with Enzymes Support Parallel Reactions and Promote Cell Internalization. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4492-4509. [PMID: 38910355 PMCID: PMC11238334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
A major shortcoming associated with the application of enzymes in drug synergism originates from the lack of site-specific, multifunctional nanomedicine. This study introduces catalytic nanocompartments (CNCs) made of a mixture of PDMS-b-PMOXA diblock copolymers, decorated with glycooligomer tethers comprising eight mannose-containing repeating units and coencapsulating two enzymes, providing multifunctionality by their in situ parallel reactions. Beta-glucuronidase (GUS) serves for local reactivation of the drug hymecromone, while glucose oxidase (GOx) induces cell starvation through glucose depletion and generation of the cytotoxic H2O2. The insertion of the pore-forming peptide, melittin, facilitates diffusion of substrates and products through the membranes. Increased cell-specific internalization of the CNCs results in a substantial decrease in HepG2 cell viability after 24 h, attributed to simultaneous production of hymecromone and H2O2. Such parallel enzymatic reactions taking place in nanocompartments pave the way to achieve efficient combinatorial cancer therapy by enabling localized drug production along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Korpidou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Becker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Shabnam Tarvirdipour
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Ionel Adrian Dinu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4002, Switzerland
- NCCR
Molecular Systems Engineering, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4002, Switzerland
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4
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Zhao X, Zhang Y, Trejo-Cerro O, Kaplan E, Li Z, Albertsboer F, El Hammiri N, Mariz FC, Banks L, Ottonello S, Müller M. A safe and potentiated multi-type HPV L2-E7 nanoparticle vaccine with combined prophylactic and therapeutic activity. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:119. [PMID: 38926425 PMCID: PMC11208501 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is widely recognized as the primary cause of cervical and other malignant cancers. There are six licensed prophylactic vaccines available against HPV, but none of them shows any significant therapeutic effect on pre-existing infections or lesions. Thus, a prophylactic vaccine also endowed with therapeutic activity would afford protection regardless of the vaccine recipients HPV-infection status. Here, we describe the refinement and further potentiation of a dual-purpose HPV nanoparticle vaccine (hereafter referred to as cPANHPVAX) relying on eight different HPV L2 peptide epitopes and on the E7 oncoantigens from HPV16 and 18. cPANHPVAX not only induces anti-HPV16 E7 cytotoxic T-cell responses in C57BL/6 mice, but also anti-HPV18 E7 T-cell responses in transgenic mice with the A2.DR1 haplotype. These cytotoxic responses add up to a potent, broad-coverage humoral (HPV-neutralizing) response. cPANHPVAX safety was further improved by deletion of the pRb-binding domains of E7. Our dual-purpose vaccine holds great potential for clinical translation as an immune-treatment capable of targeting active infections as well as established HPV-related malignancies, thus benefiting both uninfected and infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Zhao
- Tumorvirus-specific Vaccination Strategies, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Yueru Zhang
- Tumorvirus-specific Vaccination Strategies, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oscar Trejo-Cerro
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ecem Kaplan
- Tumorvirus-specific Vaccination Strategies, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhe Li
- B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Femke Albertsboer
- Tumorvirus-specific Vaccination Strategies, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Neyla El Hammiri
- Tumorvirus-specific Vaccination Strategies, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Filipe Colaço Mariz
- Tumorvirus-specific Vaccination Strategies, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Ottonello
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Martin Müller
- Tumorvirus-specific Vaccination Strategies, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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5
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Zoltek M, Vázquez Maldonado AL, Zhang X, Dadina N, Lesiak L, Schepartz A. HOPS-Dependent Endosomal Escape Demands Protein Unfolding. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:860-870. [PMID: 38680556 PMCID: PMC11046473 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The inefficient translocation of proteins across biological membranes limits their application as potential therapeutics and research tools. In many cases, the translocation of a protein involves two discrete steps: uptake into the endocytic pathway and endosomal escape. Certain charged or amphiphilic molecules can achieve high protein uptake, but few are capable of efficient endosomal escape. One exception to this rule is ZF5.3, a mini-protein that exploits elements of the natural endosomal maturation machinery to translocate across endosomal membranes. Although some ZF5.3-protein conjugates are delivered efficiently to the cytosol or nucleus, overall delivery efficiency varies widely for different cargoes with no obvious design rules. Here we show that delivery efficiency depends on the ability of the cargo to unfold. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, a single-molecule technique that precisely measures intracytosolic protein concentration, we show that regardless of size and pI, low-Tm cargoes of ZF5.3 (including intrinsically disordered domains) bias endosomal escape toward a high-efficiency pathway that requires the homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) complex. Small protein domains are delivered with moderate efficiency through the same HOPS portal, even if the Tm is high. These findings imply a novel pathway out of endosomes that is exploited by ZF5.3 and provide clear guidance for the selection or design of optimally deliverable therapeutic cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Zoltek
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Xizi Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Neville Dadina
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lauren Lesiak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- California
Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chan
Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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6
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Lteif M, Pallardy M, Turbica I. Antibodies internalization mechanisms by dendritic cells and their role in therapeutic antibody immunogenicity. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250340. [PMID: 37985174 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Internalization and processing by antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) are critical steps for initiating a T-cell response to therapeutic antibodies. Consequences are the production of neutralizing antidrug antibodies altering the clinical response, the presence of immune complexes, and, in some rare cases, hypersensitivity reactions. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the knowledge of cellular uptake mechanisms of antibodies in DCs. The uptake of antibodies could be directly related to their immunogenicity by regulating the quantity of materials entering the DCs in relation to antibody structure. Here, we summarize the latest insights into cellular uptake mechanisms and pathways in DCs. We highlight the approaches to study endocytosis, the impact of endocytosis routes on T-cell response, and discuss the link between how DCs internalize therapeutic antibodies and the potential mechanisms that could give rise to immunogenicity. Understanding these processes could help in developing assays to evaluate the immunogenicity potential of biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lteif
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | - Marc Pallardy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
| | - Isabelle Turbica
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Orsay, France
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7
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Yang T, Zhao F, Zhao J, Geng J, Shao C, Liu J, Sheng F, Zhou L, Xu H, Jia R. Negatively charged bladder acellular matrix loaded with positively charged adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles for bladder tissue engineering. J Control Release 2023; 364:718-733. [PMID: 37944669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (Ad-MSC-sEVs/AMEs) combined with scaffold materials are used in tissue-engineered bladders; however, the lack of retention leads to limited distribution of AMEs in the scaffold areas and low bioavailability of AMEs after bladder reconstruction. To improve retention of AMEs, we developed a novel strategy that modifies the surface charge of the bladder acellular matrix (BAM) via oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine-reducing graphene oxide (GO) and AMEs using ε-polylysine-polyethylene-distearyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PPD). We evaluated two BAM surface modification methods and evaluated the biocompatibility of materials and PPD and electrostatic adherence effects between PPD-modified AMEs and rGO-PDA/BAM in vivo and in vitro. Surface modification increased retention of AMEs, enhanced regeneration of bladder structures, and increased electrical conductivity of rGO-PDA/BAM, thereby improving bladder function recovery. RNA-sequencing revealed 543 miRNAs in human AMEs and 514 miRNAs in rat AMEs. A Venn diagram was used to show target genes of miRNA with the highest proportion predicted by the four databases; related biological processes and pathways were predicted by KEGG and GO analyses. We report a strategy for improving bioavailability of AMEs for bladder reconstruction and reveal that enriched miR-21-5p targets PIK3R1 and activates the PI3K/Akt pathway to promote cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Yang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jian Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Si Pai Lou 2, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Cheng Shao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Fei Sheng
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Liuhua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China.
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Si Pai Lou 2, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Ruipeng Jia
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China.
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8
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Zoltek M, Vázquez A, Zhang X, Dadina N, Lesiak L, Schepartz A. Design rules for efficient endosomal escape. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.03.565388. [PMID: 37961597 PMCID: PMC10635116 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The inefficient translocation of proteins across biological membranes limits their application as therapeutic compounds and research tools. In most cases, translocation involves two steps: uptake into the endocytic pathway and endosomal escape. Certain charged or amphiphilic molecules promote protein uptake but few enable efficient endosomal escape. One exception is ZF5.3, a mini-protein that exploits natural endosomal maturation machinery to translocate across endosomal membranes. Although certain ZF5.3-protein conjugates are delivered efficiently into the cytosol or nucleus, overall delivery efficiency varies widely with no obvious design rules. Here we evaluate the role of protein size and thermal stability in the ability to efficiently escape endosomes when attached to ZF5.3. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, a single-molecule technique that provides a precise measure of intra-cytosolic protein concentration, we demonstrate that delivery efficiency depends on both size and the ease with which a protein unfolds. Regardless of size and pI, low-Tm cargos of ZF5.3 (including intrinsically disordered domains) bias its endosomal escape route toward a high-efficiency pathway that requires the homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) complex. Small protein domains are delivered with moderate efficiency through the same HOPS portal even if the Tm is high. These findings imply a novel protein- and/or lipid-dependent pathway out of endosomes that is exploited by ZF5.3 and provide clear guidance for the selection or design of optimally deliverable therapeutic cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Zoltek
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Angel Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xizi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Neville Dadina
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lauren Lesiak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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9
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Feng X, Chang R, Zhu H, Yang Y, Ji Y, Liu D, Qin H, Yin J, Rong H. Engineering Proteins for Cell Entry. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4868-4882. [PMID: 37708383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are essential for life, as they participate in all vital processes in the body. In the past decade, delivery of active proteins to specific cells and organs has attracted increasing interest. However, most proteins cannot enter the cytoplasm due to the cell membrane acting as a natural barrier. To overcome this challenge, various proteins have been engineered to acquire cell-penetrating capacity by mimicking or modifying natural shuttling proteins. In this review, we provide an overview of the different types of engineered cell-penetrating proteins such as cell-penetrating peptides, supercharged proteins, receptor-binding proteins, and bacterial toxins. We also discuss some strategies for improving endosomal escape such as pore formation, the proton sponge effect, and hijacking intracellular trafficking pathways. Finally, we introduce some novel methods and technologies for designing and detecting engineered cell-penetrating proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruilong Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haichao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dingkang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hai Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, No. 206, Sixian Street, Baiyun District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550014, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haibo Rong
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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10
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Graceffa V. Intracellular protein delivery: New insights into the therapeutic applications and emerging technologies. Biochimie 2023; 213:82-99. [PMID: 37209808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The inability to cross the plasma membranes traditionally limited the therapeutic use of recombinant proteins. However, in the last two decades, novel technologies made delivering proteins inside the cells possible. This allowed researchers to unlock intracellular targets, once considered 'undruggable', bringing a new research area to emerge. Protein transfection systems display a large potential in a plethora of applications. However, their modality of action is often unclear, and cytotoxic effects are elevated, whereas experimental conditions to increase transfection efficacy and cell viability still need to be identified. Furthermore, technical complexity often limits in vivo experimentation, while challenging industrial and clinical translation. This review highlights the applications of protein transfection technologies, and then critically discuss the current methodologies and their limitations. Physical membrane perforation systems are compared to systems exploiting cellular endocytosis. Research evidence of the existence of either extracellular vesicles (EVs) or cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs)- based systems, that circumvent the endosomal systems is critically analysed. Commercial systems, novel solid-phase reverse protein transfection systems, and engineered living intracellular bacteria-based mechanisms are finally described. This review ultimately aims at finding new methodologies and possible applications of protein transfection systems, while helping the development of an evidence-based research approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University (ATU), Sligo, Ireland.
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11
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Qian L, Lin X, Gao X, Khan RU, Liao JY, Du S, Ge J, Zeng S, Yao SQ. The Dawn of a New Era: Targeting the "Undruggables" with Antibody-Based Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37186942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The high selectivity and affinity of antibodies toward their antigens have made them a highly valuable tool in disease therapy, diagnosis, and basic research. A plethora of chemical and genetic approaches have been devised to make antibodies accessible to more "undruggable" targets and equipped with new functions of illustrating or regulating biological processes more precisely. In this Review, in addition to introducing how naked antibodies and various antibody conjugates (such as antibody-drug conjugates, antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, antibody-enzyme conjugates, etc.) work in therapeutic applications, special attention has been paid to how chemistry tools have helped to optimize the therapeutic outcome (i.e., with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects) or facilitate the multifunctionalization of antibodies, with a focus on emerging fields such as targeted protein degradation, real-time live-cell imaging, catalytic labeling or decaging with spatiotemporal control as well as the engagement of antibodies inside cells. With advances in modern chemistry and biotechnology, well-designed antibodies and their derivatives via size miniaturization or multifunctionalization together with efficient delivery systems have emerged, which have gradually improved our understanding of important biological processes and paved the way to pursue novel targets for potential treatments of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuefen Lin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rizwan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shubo Du
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544
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12
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Rajapaksha SP, Nawagamuwage SU. Anticorrelated position fluctuation of lipids in forming membrane water pores: molecular dynamics simulations study with dengue virus capsid protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11395-11404. [PMID: 34343444 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1958698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The traffic of molecules into or out of cells is regulated by many membrane-associated mechanisms. Membrane pores are considered as one of the major passage mechanisms, although molecular-level understanding of pore formation is still vague. The opening of a membrane pore depends on many factors, including the influence of some proteins. The ability of the cell-penetrating peptides and supercharged proteins to form membrane pores has been reported. We studied pore formation through dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayers by supercharged dengue virus capsid (C) protein. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the formation of membrane pores by a combined effect of the C protein and the membrane electric field. Analyses of simulated trajectories showed highly correlated vertical position fluctuations between the Cα atom of the membrane-anchored arginine residues and the phosphorus atoms of the surrounding DPPC lipids. Certain regions of the bilayer were negatively correlated while the others were positively correlated with respect to the fluctuations of the Cα atom of the anchored arginine residues. When positively correlated lipids in one leaflet vertically aligned with the negatively correlated lipids in the other leaflet, a local anticorrelated region was generated by weakening the bilayer. The membrane pore was always formed close to this anticorrelated region. Once formed, the C protein followed the hydrated pathway provided by the water-filled pores to cross the membrane.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneth P Rajapaksha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Sithara U Nawagamuwage
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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13
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Pistono P, Huang P, Brauer DD, Francis MB. Fitness Landscape-Guided Engineering of Locally Supercharged Virus-like Particles with Enhanced Cell Uptake Properties. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3367-3378. [PMID: 36378277 PMCID: PMC9764284 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based nanoparticles are useful models for the study of self-assembly and attractive candidates for drug delivery. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are especially promising platforms for expanding the repertoire of therapeutics that can be delivered effectively as they can deliver many copies of a molecule per particle for each delivery event. However, their use is often limited due to poor uptake of VLPs into mammalian cells. In this study, we use the fitness landscape of the bacteriophage MS2 VLP as a guide to engineer capsid variants with positively charged surface residues to enhance their uptake into mammalian cells. By combining mutations with positive fitness scores that were likely to produce assembled capsids, we identified two key double mutants with internalization efficiencies as much as 67-fold higher than that of wtMS2. Internalization of these variants with positively charged surface residues depends on interactions with cell surface sulfated proteoglycans, and yet, they are biophysically similar to wtMS2 with low cytotoxicity and an overall negative charge. Additionally, the best-performing engineered MS2 capsids can deliver a potent anticancer small-molecule therapeutic with efficacy levels similar to antibody-drug conjugates. Through this work, we were able to establish fitness landscape-based engineering as a successful method for designing VLPs with improved cell penetration. These findings suggest that VLPs with positive surface charge could be useful in improving the delivery of small-molecule- and nucleic acid-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige
E. Pistono
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Paul Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Daniel D. Brauer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Matthew B. Francis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
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14
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Wang L, Geng J, Chen L, Guo X, Wang T, Fang Y, Belingon B, Wu J, Li M, Zhan Y, Shang W, Wan Y, Feng X, Li X, Wang H. Improved transfer efficiency of supercharged 36 + GFP protein mediate nucleic acid delivery. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:386-398. [PMID: 35075948 PMCID: PMC8794074 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of nucleic acid therapeutics to treat diseases by targeting specific cells has resulted in its increasing number of uses in clinical settings. However, the major challenge is to deliver bio-macromolecules into target cells and/or subcellular locations of interest ahead in the development of delivery systems. Although, supercharged residues replaced protein 36 + GFP can facilitate itself and cargoes delivery, its efficiency is still limited. Therefore, we combined our recent progress to further improve 36 + GFP based delivery efficiency. We found that the penetration efficacy of 36 + GFP protein was significantly improved by fusion with CPP-Dot1l or treatment with penetration enhancer dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in vitro. After safely packaged with plasmid DNA, we found that the efficacy of in vitro and in vivo transfection mediated by 36 + GFP-Dot1l fusion protein is also significantly improved than 36 + GFP itself. Our findings illustrated that fusion with CPP-Dot1l or incubation with DMSO is an alternative way to synergically promote 36 + GFP mediated plasmid DNA delivery in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jingping Geng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Affiliated Ren He Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiangli Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yanfen Fang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, China
| | - Bonn Belingon
- School of Medicine, Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiao Wu
- Affiliated Ren He Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Manman Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ying Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Wendou Shang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yingying Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xianghui Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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15
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Morris DP, Snipes LC, Hill SA, Woods MM, Mbugua MM, Wade LR, McMurry JL. A reversible cell penetrating peptide-cargo linkage allows dissection of cell penetrating peptide- and cargo-dependent effects on internalization and identifies new functionalities of putative endolytic peptides. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1070464. [PMID: 36479201 PMCID: PMC9720253 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1070464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a promising technology for therapeutic delivery of macromolecular cargos. CPPs have generally used covalent linkages to cargo, ensuring a common fate as one molecule. Conversely, our CPP-adaptor, TAT-CaM, noncovalently binds calmodulin binding sequence (CBS)-containing cargos in calcium rich media then dissociates in the calcium-poor endosomal environment following internalization, enhancing endosomal escape relative to standard CPPs. In this study, we report cell entry of positively charged protein cargos that were not increased by TAT-CaM while cargos based on the negatively charged maltose binding protein (MBP) displayed little intrinsic internalization but were internalized by TAT-CaM. In addition, association of positively charged proteins with negatively charged nucleic acids reduced internalization. This evidence points to the dominant role cargo charge plays in apparent CPP effectiveness. There has been little systematic investigation as to how interaction between CPPs and cargos impacts internalization efficiency. Our adaptors provide a tool that allows combinatorial assays to detect emergent properties. Toward this end we added 4 endolytic peptide (EP) sequences between cargo CBS and MBP moieties to create 4 new cargos and between TAT and CaM to create 4 new adaptors. The new cargos were assayed for internalization alone and with a panel of CPP-adaptors to identify combinations that displayed increased internalization efficiency or other properties. Among the most important results, addition of the EP LAH4 improved adaptor performance and provided some CPP capability to cargos. MBP-LAH4-CBS was internalized more effectively by most adaptors, suggesting this sequence has general stimulatory ability. Two other EPs, Aurein 1.2 and HA2, also provided some CPP capability to their MBP cargos but were unexpectedly antagonistic to internalization by most adaptors due to retention of adaptor/cargo complexes on the cell surface. We thus identified LAH4 as stimulator of internalization in both adaptors and cargos and uncovered new functionality for Aurein 1.2 and HA2, which may be related to their identification as EPs. Future experiments will test new endolytic capabilities made possible with combinatorial approaches.
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16
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Predicting Transport of Intra-Articularly Injected Growth Factor Fusion Proteins into Human Knee Joint Cartilage. Acta Biomater 2022; 153:243-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Cavazzini D, Spagnoli G, Mariz FC, Reggiani F, Maggi S, Franceschi V, Donofrio G, Müller M, Bolchi A, Ottonello S. Enhanced immunogenicity of a positively supercharged archaeon thioredoxin scaffold as a cell-penetrating antigen carrier for peptide vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958123. [PMID: 36032169 PMCID: PMC9405434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycationic resurfaced proteins hold great promise as cell-penetrating bioreagents but their use as carriers for the intracellular delivery of peptide immuno-epitopes has not thus far been explored. Here, we report on the construction and functional characterization of a positively supercharged derivative of Pyrococcus furiosus thioredoxin (PfTrx), a thermally hyperstable protein we have previously validated as a peptide epitope display and immunogenicity enhancing scaffold. Genetic conversion of 13 selected amino acids to lysine residues conferred to PfTrx a net charge of +21 (starting from the -1 charge of the wild-type protein), along with the ability to bind nucleic acids. In its unfused form, +21 PfTrx was readily internalized by HeLa cells and displayed a predominantly cytosolic localization. A different intracellular distribution was observed for a +21 PfTrx-eGFP fusion protein, which although still capable of cell penetration was predominantly localized within endosomes. A mixed cytosolic/endosomal partitioning was observed for a +21 PfTrx derivative harboring three tandemly repeated copies of a previously validated HPV16-L2 (aa 20-38) B-cell epitope grafted to the display site of thioredoxin. Compared to its wild-type counterpart, the positively supercharged antigen induced a faster immune response and displayed an overall superior immunogenicity, including a substantial degree of self-adjuvancy. Altogether, the present data point to +21 PfTrx as a promising novel carrier for intracellular antigen delivery and the construction of potentiated recombinant subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences & Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gloria Spagnoli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences & Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Filipe Colaco Mariz
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Tumorvirus-specific Vaccination Strategies (F035), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Filippo Reggiani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences & Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Maggi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences & Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Gaetano Donofrio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Martin Müller
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Tumorvirus-specific Vaccination Strategies (F035), Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Martin Müller, ; Angelo Bolchi,
| | - Angelo Bolchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences & Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Martin Müller, ; Angelo Bolchi,
| | - Simone Ottonello
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences & Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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18
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Skylar-Scott MA, Huang JY, Lu A, Ng AHM, Duenki T, Liu S, Nam LL, Damaraju S, Church GM, Lewis JA. Orthogonally induced differentiation of stem cells for the programmatic patterning of vascularized organoids and bioprinted tissues. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:449-462. [PMID: 35332307 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The generation of organoids and tissues with programmable cellular complexity, architecture and function would benefit from the simultaneous differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into divergent cell types. Yet differentiation protocols for the overexpression of specific transcription factors typically produce a single cell type. Here we show that patterned organoids and bioprinted tissues with controlled composition and organization can be generated by simultaneously co-differentiating hiPSCs into distinct cell types via the forced overexpression of transcription factors, independently of culture-media composition. Specifically, we used such orthogonally induced differentiation to generate endothelial cells and neurons from hiPSCs in a one-pot system containing either neural or endothelial stem-cell-specifying media, and to produce vascularized and patterned cortical organoids within days by aggregating inducible-transcription-factor and wild-type hiPSCs into randomly pooled or multicore-shell embryoid bodies. Moreover, by leveraging multimaterial bioprinting of hiPSC inks without extracellular matrix, we generated patterned neural tissues with layered regions composed of neural stem cells, endothelium and neurons. Orthogonally induced differentiation of stem cells may facilitate the fabrication of engineered tissues for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Skylar-Scott
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Jeremy Y Huang
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aric Lu
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Biological Engineering Division, Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex H M Ng
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomoya Duenki
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Songlei Liu
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucy L Nam
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarita Damaraju
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George M Church
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lewis
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Horn JM, Obermeyer AC. Genetic and Covalent Protein Modification Strategies to Facilitate Intracellular Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4883-4904. [PMID: 34855385 PMCID: PMC9310055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics represent a rapidly growing segment of approved disease treatments. Successful intracellular delivery of proteins is an important precondition for expanded in vivo and in vitro applications of protein therapeutics. Direct modification of proteins and peptides for improved cytosolic translocation are a promising method of increasing delivery efficiency and expanding the viability of intracellular protein therapeutics. In this Review, we present recent advances in both synthetic and genetic protein modifications for intracellular delivery. Active endocytosis-based and passive internalization pathways are discussed, followed by a review of modification methods for improved cytosolic delivery. After establishing how proteins can be modified, general strategies for facilitating intracellular delivery, such as chemical supercharging or inclusion of cell-penetrating motifs, are covered. We then outline protein modifications that promote endosomal escape. We finally examine the delivery of two potential classes of therapeutic proteins, antibodies and associated antibody fragments, and gene editing proteins, such as cas9.
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20
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Lee A, Dadhwal S, Gamble A, Hook S. Liposomes with cyclodextrin channels and polyethyleneimine (PEI) improves cytoplasmic vaccine delivery and induces anti-cancer immune activity in mice. J Liposome Res 2021; 32:22-31. [PMID: 33006297 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2020.1831016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have been developed as an additional method of treatment in the fight against cancer. However, an important barrier to an effective vaccine is the inefficient presentation of exogenous antigen by dendritic cells to cytotoxic CD8 T cells. In this study, DPPC liposomes were modified with channels and loaded with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) to produce a vaccine carrier. The liposomes were designed to be pH responsive to facilitate delivery of antigens directly to the cytoplasm of antigen presenting cells, bypassing the cross-presentation pathway and improving cellular immune responses. The lysis of liposomes in acidic cell-free conditions was measured using a validated dynamic light scattering assay in order to gain an insight into the mechanism of PEI-mediated lysis. Dendritic cell stimulation and T cell proliferation was investigated in vitro and the potential of this formulation to stimulate a therapeutic anti-cancer immune response was examined in a murine melanoma model. The modified formulation stimulated T cell activation in vitro and induced a small but significant increase in survival in immunized mice. Overall, liposomes modified with PEI and channels successfully delivered antigen to the cytoplasm of dendritic cells, which subsequently led to the development of an appropriate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Lee
- University of Otago, School of Pharmacy, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sumit Dadhwal
- University of Otago, School of Pharmacy, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Allan Gamble
- University of Otago, School of Pharmacy, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hook
- University of Otago, School of Pharmacy, Dunedin, New Zealand
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21
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Takenaka M, Yabuta A, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Interleukin-4-carrying small extracellular vesicles with a high potential as anti-inflammatory therapeutics based on modulation of macrophage function. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121160. [PMID: 34653934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL4), a Th2-type cytokine that can drive M2 macrophage polarization, is expected to be used as an anti-inflammatory therapy agent as M2 polarization of macrophages can ameliorate chronic inflammation. However, several problems, such as the low effectiveness and side effects, have hampered the clinical application. To safely and effectively use IL4, an efficient delivery of IL4 to target cells, macrophages, is necessary. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are promising candidates as macrophage delivery carriers because they are efficiently recognized by macrophages. In addition, considering the property of IL4 signaling, for which the internalization of IL4 receptor into the cellular compartment is important, and sEV uptake mechanism by macrophages, sEVs are expected to amplify IL4 signaling. In this study, we developed IL4-carrying sEVs (IL4-sEVs) by genetically engineering sEV-producing cells. We investigated the bioactivity of IL4-sEVs using RAW264.7 macrophages and their potential for therapeutic application to the treatment of an inflammatory disease using collagen-induced arthritis model mice. IL4-sEVs exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory effects on M1-polarized macrophages through M2 polarization of macrophages than those of soluble IL4 proteins. Moreover, IL4-sEVs exhibited more effective therapeutic effects on rheumatoid arthritis than those of IL4. These results indicate that IL4-carrying sEVs are promising anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Takenaka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ayane Yabuta
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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22
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Ezzeldeen Y, Swidan S, ElMeshad A, Sebak A. Green Synthesized Honokiol Transfersomes Relieve the Immunosuppressive and Stem-Like Cell Characteristics of the Aggressive B16F10 Melanoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5693-5712. [PMID: 34465990 PMCID: PMC8402984 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s314472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honokiol (HK) is a natural bioactive compound with proven antineoplastic properties against melanoma. However, it shows very low bioavailability when administered orally. Alternatively, topical administration may offer a promising route. The objective of the current study was to fabricate HK transfersomes (HKTs) for topical treatment of melanoma. As an ultradeformable carrier system, transfersomes can overcome the physiological barriers to topical treatment of melanoma: the stratum corneum and the anomalous tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the immunomodulatory and stemness-regulation roles of HKTs were the main interest of this study. METHODS TFs were prepared using the modified scalable heating method. A three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design was utilized for the optimization of the process and formulation variables. Intracellular uptake and cytotoxicity of HKTs were evaluated in nonactivated and stromal cell-activated B16F10 melanoma cells to investigate the influence of the complex tumor microenvironment on the efficacy of HK. Finally, ELISA and Western blot were performed to evaluate the expression levels of TGF-β and clusters of differentiation (CD47 and CD133, respectively). RESULTS The optimized formula exhibited a mean size of 190 nm, highly negative surface charge, high entrapment efficiency, and sustained release profile. HKTs showed potential to alleviate the immunosuppressive characteristics of B16F10 melanoma in vitro via downregulation of TGF-β signaling. In addition, HKTs reduced expression of the "do not eat me" signal - CD47. Moreover, HKTs possessed additional interesting potential to reduce the expression of the stem-like cell marker CD133. These outcomes were boosted upon combination with metformin, an antihyperglycemic drug recently reported to possess different functions in cancer, while combination with collagenase, an extracellular matrix-depleting enzyme, produced detrimental effects. CONCLUSION HKTs represent a promising scalable formulation for treatment of the aggressive B16F10 melanoma, which is jam-packed with immunosuppressive and stem-like cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Ezzeldeen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Shady Swidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Aliaa ElMeshad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Department of Bio Nano, Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, El-Sheikh Zayed, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Aya Sebak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt
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23
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Wang Q, Yang Y, Liu D, Ji Y, Gao X, Yin J, Yao W. Cytosolic Protein Delivery for Intracellular Antigen Targeting Using Supercharged Polypeptide Delivery Platform. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6022-6030. [PMID: 34227381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the well-recognized clinical success of therapeutic proteins, especially antibodies, their inability to penetrate the cell membrane restricts them to secretory extracellular or membrane-associated targets. Developing a direct cytosolic protein delivery system would offer unique opportunities for intracellular target-related therapeutic proteins. Here, we generated a supercharged polypeptide (SCP) with high cellular uptake efficiency, endosomal escape ability, and good biosafety and developed an SCP with an unnatural amino acid containing the phenylboronic acid (PBA) group, called PBA-SCP. PBA-SCP is capable of potently delivering proteins with various isoelectric points and molecular sizes into the cytosol of living cells without affecting their bioactivities. Importantly, cytosolically delivered antibodies remain functional and are capable of targeting, labeling, and manipulating diverse intracellular antigens. This study demonstrates an efficient and versatile intracellular protein delivery platform, especially for antibodies, and provides new possibilities for expanding protein-based therapeutics to intracellular "undruggable" targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dingkang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yue Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenbing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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24
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An artificial membrane binding protein-polymer surfactant nanocomplex facilitates stem cell adhesion to the cartilage extracellular matrix. Biomaterials 2021; 276:120996. [PMID: 34280823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges within the emerging field of injectable stem cell therapies for articular cartilage (AC) repair is the retention of sufficient viable cell numbers at the site of injury. Even when delivered via intra-articular injection, the number of stem cells retained at the target is often low and declines rapidly over time. To address this challenge, an artificial plasma membrane binding nanocomplex was rationally designed to provide human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with increased adhesion to articular cartilage tissue. The nanocomplex comprises the extracellular matrix (ECM) binding peptide of a placenta growth factor-2 (PlGF-2) fused to a supercharged green fluorescent protein (scGFP), which was electrostatically conjugated to anionic polymer surfactant chains to yield [S-]scGFP_PlGF2. The [S-]scGFP_PlGF2 nanocomplex spontaneously inserts into the plasma membrane of hMSCs, is not cytotoxic, and does not inhibit differentiation. The nanocomplex-modified hMSCs showed a significant increase in affinity for immobilised collagen II, a key ECM protein of cartilage, in both static and dynamic cell adhesion assays. Moreover, the cells adhered strongly to bovine ex vivo articular cartilage explants resulting in high cell numbers. These findings suggest that the re-engineering of hMSC membranes with [S-]scGFP_PlGF2 could improve the efficacy of injectable stem cell-based therapies for the treatment of damaged articular cartilage.
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25
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Pediconi N, Ghirga F, Del Plato C, Peruzzi G, Athanassopoulos CM, Mori M, Crestoni ME, Corinti D, Ugozzoli F, Massera C, Arcovito A, Botta B, Boffi A, Quaglio D, Baiocco P. Design and Synthesis of Piperazine-Based Compounds Conjugated to Humanized Ferritin as Delivery System of siRNA in Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1105-1116. [PMID: 33978420 PMCID: PMC8253483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression regulation by small interfering RNA (siRNA) holds promise in treating a wide range of diseases through selective gene silencing. However, successful clinical application of nucleic acid-based therapy requires novel delivery options. Herein, to achieve efficient delivery of negatively charged siRNA duplexes, the internal cavity of "humanized" chimeric Archaeal ferritin (HumAfFt) was specifically decorated with novel cationic piperazine-based compounds (PAs). By coupling these rigid-rod-like amines with thiol-reactive reagents, chemoselective conjugation was efficiently afforded on topologically selected cysteine residues properly located inside HumAfFt. The capability of PAs-HumAfFt to host and deliver siRNA molecules through human transferrin receptor (TfR1), overexpressed in many cancer cells, was explored. These systems allowed siRNA delivery into HeLa, HepG2, and MCF-7 cancer cells with improved silencing effect on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene expression with respect to traditional transfection methodologies and provided a promising TfR1-targeting system for multifunctional siRNA delivery to therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pediconi
- Center
for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, Sapienza University
of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Del Plato
- Center
for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, Sapienza University
of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center
for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Constantinos M. Athanassopoulos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Rio-Patras, Greece
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences “Alessandro Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, University of
Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, Sapienza University
of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Corinti
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, Sapienza University
of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Ugozzoli
- Department
of Engineering and Architecture, University
of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Massera
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Life and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arcovito
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biotecnologiche di base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, Sapienza University
of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Boffi
- Center
for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences “Alessandro Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National
Research Council, P.le
A. Moro 7, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, Sapienza University
of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Baiocco
- Center
for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences “Alessandro Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Arunagiri V, Tsai HC, Darge HF, Hanurry EY, Lee CY, Lai JY, Wu SY. Enhanced Cellular Uptake in an Electrostatically Interacting Fucoidan-L-Arginine Fiber Complex. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1795. [PMID: 34072354 PMCID: PMC8198147 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is an abundant marine sulfated polysaccharide extracted from the cell wall of brown macroalgae (seaweed). Recently, fucoidan has been highly involved in various industrial applications, such as pharmaceuticals, biomedicals, cosmetics, and food. However, the presence of a sulfate group (negative surface charge) in the fucoidan structure limits its potential and biological activity for use in biomedical applications during cellular uptake. Thus, we aimed to improve the uptake of fucoidan by using an L-arginine uptake enhancer within an in vitro study. A Fucoidan-L-Arginine (Fuc-L-Arg) fiber complex was prepared via α-helical electrostatic interactions using a freeze-drying technique and confirmed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, fucoidan was conjugated with cyanine 3 (Cy3) dye to track its cellular uptake. Furthermore, the results of Fuc-L-Arg (1:1, 1:2.5) complexes revealed biocompatibility >80% at various concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, 100 µg/mL). Owing to the higher internalization of the Fuc-L-Arg (1:5) complex, it exhibited <80% biocompatibility at higher concentrations (25, 50, 100 µg/mL) of the complex. In addition, improved cellular internalization of Fuc-L-Arg complexes (1:5) in HeLa cells have been proved via flow cytometry quantitative analysis. Hence, we highlight that the Fuc-L-Arg (1:5) fiber complex can act as an excellent biocomplex to exhibit potential bioactivities, such as targeting cancers, as fucoidan shows higher permeability in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinothini Arunagiri
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (V.A.); (H.F.D.); (E.Y.H.); (C.Y.L.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (V.A.); (H.F.D.); (E.Y.H.); (C.Y.L.); (J.-Y.L.)
- Advance Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Haile Fentahun Darge
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (V.A.); (H.F.D.); (E.Y.H.); (C.Y.L.); (J.-Y.L.)
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar 79, Ethiopia
| | - Endiries Yibru Hanurry
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (V.A.); (H.F.D.); (E.Y.H.); (C.Y.L.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Chang Yi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (V.A.); (H.F.D.); (E.Y.H.); (C.Y.L.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Juin-Yih Lai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (V.A.); (H.F.D.); (E.Y.H.); (C.Y.L.); (J.-Y.L.)
- Advance Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yuan Wu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Big Data Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan 256, Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan 256, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan 256, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei 242, Taiwan
- Centers for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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27
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Kasahara K, Kuroda D, Tanabe A, Kawade R, Nagatoishi S, Tsumoto K. Anion solvation enhanced by positive supercharging mutations preserves thermal stability of an antibody in a wide pH range. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 563:54-59. [PMID: 34058475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteins function through interactions with other molecules. In protein engineering, scientists often engineer proteins by mutating their amino acid sequences on the protein surface to improve various physicochemical properties. "Supercharging" is a method to design proteins by mutating surface residues with charged amino acids. Previous studies demonstrated that supercharging mutations conferred better thermal resistance, solubility, and cell penetration to proteins. Likewise, antibodies recognize antigens through the antigen-binding site on the surface. The genetic and structural diversity of antibodies leads to high specificity and affinity toward antigens, enabling antibodies to be versatile tools in various applications. When assessing therapeutic antibodies, surface charge is an important factor to consider because the isoelectric point plays a role in protein clearance inside the body. In this study, we explored how supercharging mutations affect physicochemical properties of antibodies. Starting from a crystal structure of an antibody with the net charge of -4, we computationally designed a supercharged variant possessing the net charge of +10. The positive-supercharged antibody exhibited marginal improvement in thermal stability, but the secondary structure and the binding affinity to the antigen (net charge of +8) were preserved. We also used physicochemical measurements and molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the effects of supercharging mutations in sodium phosphate buffer with different pH and ion concentrations, which revealed preferential solvation of phosphate ions to the supercharged surface relative to the wild-type surface. These results suggest that supercharging would be a useful approach to preserving thermal stability of antibodies in a wide range of pH, which may enable further diversification of antibody repertoires beyond natural evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kasahara
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuroda
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Aki Tanabe
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Raiji Kawade
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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28
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Yang Z, Lee MMM, Chan MK. Efficient intracellular delivery of p53 protein by engineered protein crystals restores tumor suppressing function in vivo. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120759. [PMID: 33798968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct delivery of proteins into cells holds significant potential for basic research and drug development. However, the poor endosomal escape of conventional delivery strategies remains a challenge, thus limiting the clinical translation of many protein therapeutics. Herein, we report that engineered Cry3Aa protein (Pos3Aa) crystals formed naturally within Bacillus thuringiensis can serve as a vehicle for efficient cytosolic delivery of bioactive proteins. We showed that Pos3Aa-mediated delivery of tumor suppressor p53 protein, a promising therapeutic candidate found to be inactivated in nearly half of human cancers, resulted in the restoration of p53 function in p53-deficient cancer cells, and thereby sensitized them to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy as demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo models. Our results validate that Pos3Aa crystals can be a robust and effective platform for the cytosolic delivery of effector proteins, and suggest that efficient uptake and endosomal escape could be critical for efficacious p53 protein-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaofeng Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marianne M M Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Michael K Chan
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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29
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Anson F, Liu B, Kanjilal P, Wu P, Hardy JA, Thayumanavan S. Evaluating Endosomal Escape of Caspase-3-Containing Nanomaterials Using Split GFP. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1261-1272. [PMID: 33591168 PMCID: PMC8477791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The ability for biologics to access intracellular targets hinges on the translocation of active, unmodified proteins. This is often achieved using nanoscale formulations, which enter cells through endocytosis. This uptake mechanism often limits the therapeutic potential of the biologics, as the propensity of the nanocarrier to escape the endosome becomes the key determinant. To appropriately evaluate and compare competing delivery systems of disparate compositions, it is therefore critical to assess endosomal escape efficiencies. Unfortunately, quantitative tools to assess endosomal escape are lacking, and standard approaches often lead to an erroneous interpretation of cytosolic localization. In this study we use a split-complementation endosomal escape (SEE) assay to evaluate levels of cytosolic caspase-3 following delivery by polymer nanogels and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. In particular, we use SEE as a means to enable the systematic investigation of the effect of polymer composition, polymer architecture (random vs block), hydrophobicity, and surface functionality. Although polymer structure had little influence on endosomal escape, nanogel functionalization with cationic and pH-sensitive peptides significantly enhanced endosomal escape levels and, further, significantly increased the amount of nanogel per endosome. This work serves as a guide for developing an optimal caspase-3 delivery system, as this caspase-3 variant can be easily substituted for a therapeutic caspase-3 cargo in any system that results in cytosolic accumulation and cargo release. In addition, these data provide a framework that can be readily applied to a wide variety of protein cargos to assess the independent contributions of both uptake and endosomal escape of a wide range of protein delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jeanne A. Hardy
- Center for Bioactive Delivery at the Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Center for Bioactive Delivery at the Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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30
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Anson F, Kanjilal P, Thayumanavan S, Hardy JA. Tracking exogenous intracellular casp-3 using split GFP. Protein Sci 2021; 30:366-380. [PMID: 33165988 PMCID: PMC7784757 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic protein delivery promises diverse applications from therapeutics, to genetic modification and precision research tools. To achieve effective cellular and subcellular delivery, approaches that allow protein visualization and accurate localization with greater sensitivity are essential. Fluorescently tagging proteins allows detection, tracking and visualization in cellulo. However, undesired consequences from fluorophores or fluorescent protein tags, such as nonspecific interactions and high background or perturbation to native protein's size and structure, are frequently observed, or more troublingly, overlooked. Distinguishing cytosolically released molecules from those that are endosomally entrapped upon cellular uptake is particularly challenging and is often complicated by the inherent pH-sensitive and hydrophobic properties of the fluorophore. Monitoring localization is more complex in delivery of proteins with inherent protein-modifying activities like proteases, transacetylases, kinases, etc. Proteases are among the toughest cargos due to their inherent propensity for self-proteolysis. To implement a reliable, but functionally silent, tagging technology in a protease, we have developed a caspase-3 variant tagged with the 11th strand of GFP that retains both enzymatic activity and structural characteristics of wild-type caspase-3. Only in the presence of cytosolic GFP strands 1-10 will the tagged caspase-3 generate fluorescence to signal a non-endosomal location. This methodology facilitates easy screening of cytosolic vs. endosomally-entrapped proteins due to low probabilities for false positive results, and further, allows tracking of the resultant cargo's translocation. The development of this tagged casp-3 cytosolic reporter lays the foundation to probe caspase therapeutic properties, charge-property relationships governing successful escape, and the precise number of caspases required for apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Anson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Pintu Kanjilal
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery at the Institute for Applied Life SciencesUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jeanne A. Hardy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery at the Institute for Applied Life SciencesUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
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31
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Nadal‐Bufí F, Henriques ST. How to overcome endosomal entrapment of cell‐penetrating peptides to release the therapeutic potential of peptides? Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Nadal‐Bufí
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology Translational Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Sónia Troeira Henriques
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology Translational Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
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32
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Ma C, Malessa A, Boersma AJ, Liu K, Herrmann A. Supercharged Proteins and Polypeptides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905309. [PMID: 31943419 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions play a vital role in nature. Biomacromolecules such as proteins are orchestrated by electrostatics, among other intermolecular forces, to assemble and organize biochemistry. Natural proteins with a high net charge exist in a folded state or are unstructured and can be an inspiration for scientists to artificially supercharge other protein entities. Recent findings show that supercharging proteins allows for control of their properties such as temperature resistance and catalytic activity. One elegant method to transfer the favorable properties of supercharged proteins to other proteins is the fabrication of fusions. Genetically engineered, supercharged unstructured polypeptides (SUPs) are just one promising fusion tool. SUPs can also be complexed with artificial entities to yield thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals and liquids. These architectures represent novel bulk materials that are sensitive to external stimuli. Interestingly, SUPs undergo fluid-fluid phase separation to form coacervates. These coacervates can even be directly generated in living cells or can be combined with dissipative fiber assemblies that induce life-like features. Supercharged proteins and SUPs are developed into exciting classes of materials. Their synthesis, structures, and properties are summarized. Moreover, potential applications are highlighted and challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Malessa
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J Boersma
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, China
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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33
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Shah SS, Casanova N, Antuono G, Sabatino D. Polyamide Backbone Modified Cell Targeting and Penetrating Peptides in Cancer Detection and Treatment. Front Chem 2020; 8:218. [PMID: 32296681 PMCID: PMC7136562 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating and targeting peptides (CPPs and CTPs) encompass an important class of biochemically active peptides owning the capabilities of targeting and translocating within selected cell types. As such, they have been widely used in the delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, especially in cancer. Despite their potential utility, first generation CTPs and CPPs based on the native peptide sequences are limited by poor biological and pharmacological properties, thereby restricting their efficacy. Therefore, medicinal chemistry approaches have been designed and developed to construct related peptidomimetics. Of specific interest herein, are the design applications which modify the polyamide backbone of lead CTPs and CPPs. These modifications aim to improve the biochemical characteristics of the native peptide sequence in order to enhance its diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. This review will focus on a selected set of cell penetrating and targeting peptides and their related peptidomimetics whose polyamide backbone has been modified in order to improve their applications in cancer detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
| | - Nelson Casanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
| | - Gina Antuono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
| | - David Sabatino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
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Aliabadi HM, Bahadur K.C. R, Bousoik E, Hall R, Barbarino A, Thapa B, Coyle M, Mahdipoor P, Uludağ H. A systematic comparison of lipopolymers for siRNA delivery to multiple breast cancer cell lines: In vitro studies. Acta Biomater 2020; 102:351-366. [PMID: 31760224 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy is a promising approach for treatment of a wide range of cancers, including breast cancers that display variable phenotypic features. To explore the general utility of siRNA therapy to control aberrant expression of genes in breast cancer, we conducted a detailed analysis of siRNA delivery and silencing response in vitro in 6 separate breast cancer cell models (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-231-KRas-CRM, MCF-7, AU565, MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-468 cells). Using lipopolymers for siRNA complexation and delivery, we found a large variation in siRNA delivery efficiency depending on the specific lipopolymer used for siRNA complexation and delivery. Some lipopolymers were effective in all cell types used in this study, indicating the possibility of universal carriers for siRNA therapy. The delivery efficiency for effective lipopolymers was not correlated with dextran uptake in the cells tested, which indicated a receptor-mediated internalization for siRNA complexes with lipopolymers, unlike fluid-phase transfer associated with dextran uptake. Consistent with this, specific inhibitors involved in clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis significantly (>50%) reduced the internalization of siRNA complexes in all cell types. Using JAK2 and STAT3 silencing in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells, a general correlation between the uptake and silencing efficiency at the mRNA level was evident, but it appeared that the choice of the target rather than the cell type was more critical for consistent silencing. We conclude that siRNA therapy with lipopolymers can be undertaken in multiple breast cancer cell phenotypes with similar efficiency, indicating the general applicability of non-viral RNAi in clinical management of molecularly heterogeneous breast cancers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The manuscript investigated the efficacy of siRNA carriers across multiple breast cancer cell lines. The lipopolymeric carriers were capable of delivering effective dose of siRNA to a range of breast cancer cells. Despite some differences in uptake efficiency among cell types, the mechanism of delivery was similar, with CME and CvME significantly involved in the internalization of polyplexes, while fluid-phase endocytosis was not significant. Specific target silencing was correlated to delivery efficiency, but we did notice the presence of lipopolymers that achieved high silencing with minimal siRNA delivery. Silencing specific targets in different cell types were more uniformly achieved as compared to targeting different targets in the same cells. Our studies enhance the feasibility of delivering siRNA to different types of breast cancer cells.
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Deng H, Yan S, Huang Y, Lei C, Nie Z. Design strategies for fluorescent proteins/mimics and their applications in biosensing and bioimaging. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Mukalel AJ, Riley RS, Zhang R, Mitchell MJ. Nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery: Applications in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2019; 458:102-112. [PMID: 31100411 PMCID: PMC6613653 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a powerful tool for cancer treatment. Early clinical successes from cancer immunotherapy have led to a growing list of FDA approvals, and many new therapies are in clinical and preclinical development. Nucleic acid therapeutics, including DNA, mRNA, and genome editing systems, hold significant potential as a form of immunotherapy due to its robust use in cancer vaccination, adoptive T-cell therapy, and gene regulation. However, these therapeutics must overcome numerous delivery obstacles to be successful, including rapid in vivo degradation, poor uptake into target cells, required nuclear entry, and potential in vivo toxicity in healthy cells and tissues. Nanoparticle delivery systems have been engineered to overcome several of these barriers as a means to safely and effectively deliver nucleic acid therapeutics to immune cells. In this Review, we discuss the applications of nucleic acid therapeutics in cancer immunotherapy, and we detail how nanoparticle platforms have been designed to deliver mRNA, DNA, and genome editing systems to enhance the potency and safety of these therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin J Mukalel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel S Riley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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37
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Kim YB, Zhao KT, Thompson DB, Liu DR. An anionic human protein mediates cationic liposome delivery of genome editing proteins into mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2905. [PMID: 31266953 PMCID: PMC6606574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery into mammalian cells remains a significant challenge for many applications of proteins as research tools and therapeutics. We recently reported that the fusion of cargo proteins to a supernegatively charged (–30)GFP enhances encapsulation by cationic lipids and delivery into mammalian cells. To discover polyanionic proteins with optimal delivery properties, we evaluate negatively charged natural human proteins for their ability to deliver proteins into cultured mammalian cells and human primary fibroblasts. Here we discover that ProTα, a small, widely expressed, intrinsically disordered human protein, enables up to ~10-fold more efficient cationic lipid-mediated protein delivery compared to (–30)GFP. ProTα enables efficient delivery at low- to mid-nM concentrations of two unrelated genome editing proteins, Cre recombinase and zinc-finger nucleases, under conditions in which (–30)GFP fusion or cationic lipid alone does not result in substantial activity. ProTα may enable mammalian cell protein delivery applications when delivery potency is limiting. Inefficient delivery of proteins into mammalian cells limits their use in research and therapy. Here, the authors discover that ProTα, a small, intrinsically disordered human protein can facilitate efficient cationic lipid-mediated protein delivery of genome editing proteins into mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bill Kim
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Kevin T Zhao
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David B Thompson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David R Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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38
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Choi CA, Ryplida B, In I, Park SY. Selective redox-responsive theragnosis nanocarrier for breast tumor cells mediated by MnO2/fluorescent carbon nanogel. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 134:256-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Jakka SR, Govindaraj V, Mugesh G. A Single Atom Change Facilitates the Membrane Transport of Green Fluorescent Proteins in Mammalian Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7713-7717. [PMID: 30994954 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Direct delivery of proteins into mammalian cells is a challenging problem in biological and biomedical applications. The most common strategies for the delivery of proteins into the cells include the use of cell-penetrating peptides or supercharged proteins. Herein, we show for the first time that a single atom change, hydrogen to halogen, at one of the tyrosine residues can increase the cellular entry of ∼28 kDa green fluorescent protein (GFP) in mammalian cells. The protein uptake is facilitated by a receptor-mediated endocytosis and the cargo can be released effectively into cytosol by co-treatment with the endosomolytic peptide ppTG21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendar R Jakka
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Vijayakumar Govindaraj
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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40
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Jakka SR, Govindaraj V, Mugesh G. A Single Atom Change Facilitates the Membrane Transport of Green Fluorescent Proteins in Mammalian Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Surendar R. Jakka
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Vijayakumar Govindaraj
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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Deprey K, Becker L, Kritzer J, Plückthun A. Trapped! A Critical Evaluation of Methods for Measuring Total Cellular Uptake versus Cytosolic Localization. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1006-1027. [PMID: 30882208 PMCID: PMC6527423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules have many properties that make them promising for intracellular therapeutic applications, but delivery remains a key challenge because large biomolecules cannot easily enter the cytosol. Furthermore, quantification of total intracellular versus cytosolic concentrations remains demanding, and the determination of delivery efficiency is thus not straightforward. In this review, we discuss strategies for delivering biomolecules into the cytosol and briefly summarize the mechanisms of uptake for these systems. We then describe commonly used methods to measure total cellular uptake and, more selectively, cytosolic localization, and discuss the major advantages and drawbacks of each method. We critically evaluate methods of measuring "cell penetration" that do not adequately distinguish total cellular uptake and cytosolic localization, which often lead to inaccurate interpretations of a molecule's cytosolic localization. Finally, we summarize the properties and components of each method, including the main caveats of each, to allow for informed decisions about method selection for specific applications. When applied correctly and interpreted carefully, methods for quantifying cytosolic localization offer valuable insight into the bioactivity of biomolecules and potentially the prospects for their eventual development into therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Deprey
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Lukas Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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Villaseñor R, Lampe J, Schwaninger M, Collin L. Intracellular transport and regulation of transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1081-1092. [PMID: 30523362 PMCID: PMC6513804 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is a dynamic multicellular interface that regulates the transport of molecules between the blood circulation and the brain parenchyma. Proteins and peptides required for brain homeostasis cross the blood-brain barrier via transcellular transport, but the mechanisms that control this pathway are not well characterized. Here, we highlight recent studies on intracellular transport and transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier. Endothelial cells at the blood-brain barrier possess an intricate endosomal network that allows sorting to diverse cellular destinations. Internalization from the plasma membrane, endosomal sorting, and exocytosis all contribute to the regulation of transcytosis. Transmembrane receptors and blood-borne proteins utilize different pathways and mechanisms for transport across brain endothelial cells. Alterations to intracellular transport in brain endothelial cells during diseases of the central nervous system contribute to blood-brain barrier disruption and disease progression. Harnessing the intracellular sorting mechanisms at the blood-brain barrier can help improve delivery of biotherapeutics to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Villaseñor
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Josephine Lampe
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Germany
| | - Ludovic Collin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Neuro-Immunology, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland.
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43
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Membrane reorganization after photochemical internalization to release transferrin-biofunctionalized polystyrene microparticles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17617. [PMID: 30514907 PMCID: PMC6279785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug carriers can drive their cargo to their target cells. However, an obstacle is usually the entrapment of the drug inside the endolysosomal compartment, which physically impedes its actuation by the impossibility of reaching its molecular site of action. To overcome this hurdle, photochemical internalization (PCI) has been proposed, but the extent of PCI-induced membrane disruption and its capability to allow the release of microparticles is unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine if PCI allows the release of microparticles from the endolysosomal compartment to the cytosol and to analyze at the ultrastructural level the effect of PCI on the membrane surrounding the particles. Confocal microscope allowed us to detect that endolysosomal membranes suffered some disruption after PCI, evidenced by the diffusion of soluble transferrin from the endolysosomes to the cytosol and by a decrease of LAMP1-microparticles co-localization. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed a decrease in the number of well-defined membranes around microparticles after PCI, and scanning TEM combined with energy dispersive x-ray revealed an increase in the width of endolysosomal membranes after treatment. These results suggest that endolysosomal membranes suffered an ultrastructure alteration after PCI, enough to liberate soluble transferrin but not the entire microparticles.
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Yuan Y, He Y, Bo R, Ma Z, Wang Z, Dong L, Lin TY, Xue X, Li Y. A facile approach to fabricate self-assembled magnetic nanotheranostics for drug delivery and imaging. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21634-21639. [PMID: 30457141 PMCID: PMC6317527 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05141k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have been extensively employed for theranostic applications due to their good biocompatibility and excellent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties. However, these particles typically require surface modification due to their hydrophobic surfaces caused by the oil-phase surfactants used in the fabrication and thus, the drug loading on their surface is usually limited. Here, we provided a novel and facile approach to conveniently perform surface modification of SPIO while simultaneously loading a large amount of drug. By synthesizing an amphiphilic irinotecan-based compound with a hydrophobic tail enabling insertion into the SPIO assembly, an excellent SPIO-based theranostic nanomedicine (SPIO@IR) was produced. SPIO@IR not only extensively improved the drug efficacy, but also allowed visualization by MRI in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070,P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, ,
| | - Yixuan He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, ,
| | - Ruonan Bo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, ,
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, ,
| | - Zhongling Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, ,
| | - Lijie Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070,P.R. China
| | - Tzu-yin Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Xiangdong Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, ,
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA, ,
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Krishnan Y, Rees HA, Rossitto CP, Kim SE, Hung HHK, Frank EH, Olsen BD, Liu DR, Hammond PT, Grodzinsky AJ. Green fluorescent proteins engineered for cartilage-targeted drug delivery: Insights for transport into highly charged avascular tissues. Biomaterials 2018; 183:218-233. [PMID: 30173104 PMCID: PMC6141342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, is a multi-factorial disease that primarily affects cartilage as well as other joint tissues such as subchondral bone. The lack of effective drug delivery, due to the avascular nature of cartilage and the rapid clearance of intra-articularly delivered drugs via the synovium, remains a major challenge in the development of disease modifying drugs for OA. Cationic delivery carriers can significantly enhance the uptake, penetration and retention of drugs in cartilage by interacting with negatively charged matrix proteoglycans. In this study, we used "supercharged" green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), engineered to have a wide range of net positive charge and surface charge distributions, to characterize the effects of carrier charge on transport into cartilage in isolation of other factors such as carrier size and shape. We quantified the uptake, extent of cartilage penetration and cellular uptake of the GFP variants into living human knee cartilage and bovine cartilage explants. Based on these results, we identified optimal net charges of GFP carriers for potential drug targets located within cartilage extracellular matrix as well as the resident live chondrocytes. These cationic GFPs did not have adverse effects on cartilage in terms of measured cell viability and metabolism, cartilage cell biosynthesis and matrix degradation at doses needed for drug delivery. In addition to quantifying the kinetics of GFP uptake, we developed a predictive mathematical model for transport of the GFP variants that exhibited the highest uptake and penetration into cartilage. This model was further used to predict the transport behavior of GFPs during scale-up to in vivo applications such as intra-articular injection into human knees. The insights gained from this study set the stage for development of cartilage-targeted delivery systems to prevent cartilage degeneration, improve tissue regeneration and reduce inflammation that may cause degradation of other joint tissues affected by OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Holly A Rees
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Si-Eun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Han-Hwa K Hung
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eliot H Frank
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bradley D Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David R Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alan J Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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46
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Wissner R, Steinauer A, Knox SL, Thompson AD, Schepartz A. Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Reveals Efficient Cytosolic Delivery of Protein Cargo by Cell-Permeant Miniature Proteins. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:1379-1393. [PMID: 30410976 PMCID: PMC6202653 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
New methods for delivering proteins into the cytosol of mammalian cells are being reported at a rapid pace. Differentiating between these methods in a quantitative manner is difficult, however, as most assays for evaluating cytosolic protein delivery are qualitative and indirect and thus often misleading. Here we make use of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to determine with precision and accuracy the relative efficiencies with which seven different previously reported "cell-penetrating peptides" (CPPs) transport a model protein cargo-the self-labeling enzyme SNAP-tag-beyond endosomal membranes and into the cytosol. Using FCS, we discovered that the miniature protein ZF5.3 is an exceptional vehicle for delivering SNAP-tag to the cytosol. When delivered by ZF5.3, SNAP-tag can achieve a cytosolic concentration as high as 250 nM, generally at least 2-fold and as much as 6-fold higher than any other CPP evaluated. Additionally, we show that ZF5.3 can be fused to a second enzyme cargo-the engineered peroxidase APEX2-and reliably delivers the active enzyme to the cell interior. As FCS allows one to realistically assess the relative merits of protein transduction domains, we anticipate that it will greatly accelerate the identification, evaluation, and optimization of strategies to deliver large, intact proteins to intracellular locales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca
F. Wissner
- Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Angela Steinauer
- Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Susan L. Knox
- Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Alexander D. Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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47
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Deng M, Tang Y, Li W, Wang X, Zhang R, Zhang X, Zhao X, Liu J, Tang C, Liu Z, Huang Y, Peng H, Xiao L, Tang D, Scott MJ, Wang Q, Liu J, Xiao X, Watkins S, Li J, Yang H, Wang H, Chen F, Tracey KJ, Billiar TR, Lu B. The Endotoxin Delivery Protein HMGB1 Mediates Caspase-11-Dependent Lethality in Sepsis. Immunity 2018; 49:740-753.e7. [PMID: 30314759 PMCID: PMC6300139 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-11, a cytosolic endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide: LPS) receptor, mediates pyroptosis, a lytic form of cell death. Caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis mediates lethality in endotoxemia, but it is unclear how LPS is delivered into the cytosol for the activation of caspase-11. Here we discovered that hepatocyte-released high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was required for caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis and lethality in endotoxemia and bacterial sepsis. Mechanistically, hepatocyte-released HMGB1 bound LPS and targeted its internalization into the lysosomes of macrophages and endothelial cells via the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Subsequently, HMGB1 permeabilized the phospholipid bilayer in the acidic environment of lysosomes. This resulted in LPS leakage into the cytosol and caspase-11 activation. Depletion of hepatocyte HMGB1, inhibition of hepatocyte HMGB1 release, neutralizing extracellular HMGB1, or RAGE deficiency prevented caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis and death in endotoxemia and bacterial sepsis. These findings indicate that HMGB1 interacts with LPS to mediate caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis in lethal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Deng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yiting Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, P.R. China
| | - Xianying Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Hai-ke Rd, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Huige Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Hai-ke Rd, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Lehui Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300073, P.R. China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Melanie J Scott
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P.R. China
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, P.R. China
| | - Simon Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jianhua Li
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Fangping Chen
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P.R. China
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Ben Lu
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, P.R. China.
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Lichtenstein BR, Höcker B. Engineering an AB 5 Protein Carrier. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12643. [PMID: 30139944 PMCID: PMC6107655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The promise of biologic therapeutics is hindered by the challenge to deliver their activity to biochemically relevant sites within diseased cells. The favourable application of the natural protein carriers of the AB5 toxin family to this challenge has been restricted owing to still unresolved requirements for assembling non-native cargo into carrier complexes. Here, we clarify the properties of fusion peptides which allow co-assembly of a selected fluorescent protein cargo with the non-toxic B subunit of a heat-labile enterotoxin. We establish the influence of sequence length, sequence identity and secondary structure of these linking domains on the assembly and disassembly of the complexes. Through our engineering framework we identify several non-native, reduced length fusion sequences that robustly assemble with the native carriers, maintain their ability to deliver protein cargo to cells, and demonstrate substantially refined in vitro properties. Constructs based upon these sequences should prove directly applicable to a variety of protein delivery challenges, and the described design framework should find immediate application to other members of the AB5 protein carrier family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Lichtenstein
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Birte Höcker
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Redox- and pH-responsive fluorescent carbon nanoparticles-MnO2-based FRET system for tumor-targeted drug delivery in vivo and in vitro. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Metabolic flux-driven sialylation alters internalization, recycling, and drug sensitivity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in SW1990 pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66491-66511. [PMID: 27613843 PMCID: PMC5341816 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In prior work we reported that advanced stage, drug-resistant pancreatic cancer cells (the SW1990 line) can be sensitized to the EGFR-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) erlotinib and gefitinib by treatment with 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAc (Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2015) 25(6):1223-7). Here we provide mechanistic insights into how this compound inhibits EGFR activity and provides synergy with TKI drugs. First, we showed that the sialylation of the EGFR receptor was at most only modestly enhanced (by ∼20 to 30%) compared to overall ∼2-fold increase in cell surface levels of this sugar. Second, flux-driven sialylation did not alter EGFR dimerization as has been reported for cancer cell lines that experience increased sialylation due to spontaneous mutations. Instead, we present evidence that 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAc treatment weakens the galectin lattice, increases the internalization of EGFR, and shifts endosomal trafficking towards non-clathrin mediated (NCM) endocytosis. Finally, by evaluating downstream targets of EGFR signaling, we linked synergy between 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAc and existing TKI drugs to a shift from clathrin-coated endocytosis (which allows EGFR signaling to continue after internalization) towards NCM endocytosis, which targets internalized moieties for degradation and thereby rapidly diminishes signaling.
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