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Sundby RT, Rhodes SD, Komlodi-Pasztor E, Sarnoff H, Grasso V, Upadhyaya M, Kim A, Evans DG, Blakeley JO, Hanemann CO, Bettegowda C. Recommendations for the collection and annotation of biosamples for analysis of biomarkers in neurofibromatosis and schwannomatosis clinical trials. Clin Trials 2024; 21:40-50. [PMID: 37904489 PMCID: PMC10922556 DOI: 10.1177/17407745231203330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurofibromatosis 1 and schwannomatosis are characterized by potential lifelong morbidity and life-threatening complications. To date, however, diagnostic and predictive biomarkers are an unmet need in this patient population. The inclusion of biomarker discovery correlatives in neurofibromatosis 1/schwannomatosis clinical trials enables study of low-incidence disease. The implementation of a common data model would further enhance biomarker discovery by enabling effective concatenation of data from multiple studies. METHODS The Response Evaluation in Neurofibromatosis and Schwannomatosis biomarker working group reviewed published data on emerging trends in neurofibromatosis 1 and schwannomatosis biomarker research and developed recommendations in a series of consensus meetings. RESULTS Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising assay for neurofibromatosis 1/schwannomatosis biomarker discovery and validation. In addition, we review recommendations for a range of biomarkers in clinical trials, neurofibromatosis 1/schwannomatosis-specific data annotations, and common data models for data integration. CONCLUSION These Response Evaluation in Neurofibromatosis and Schwannomatosis consensus guidelines are intended to provide best practices for the inclusion of biomarker studies in neurofibromatosis 1/schwannomatosis clinical trials, data, and sample annotation and to lay a framework for data harmonization and concatenation between trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Taylor Sundby
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven D Rhodes
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Edina Komlodi-Pasztor
- Department of Neurology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Herb Sarnoff
- Research and Development, Infixion Bioscience, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Patient Representative, REiNS International Collaboration, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vito Grasso
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- Patient Representative, REiNS International Collaboration, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Meena Upadhyaya
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - AeRang Kim
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), ERN GENTURIS, Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jaishri O Blakeley
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Simons BCR, Hillen MA, Aarts JWM, Tromp JM, de Heus E, Duijts SFA. Disentangling trust of patients with rare cancer in their healthcare professionals and the healthcare system: a qualitative interview study. J Cancer Surviv 2024:10.1007/s11764-023-01531-w. [PMID: 38225524 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with a rare cancer face challenges, e.g., delayed diagnosis, that may affect trust in the healthcare system and the healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved. This study aimed to explore trust of patients with a rare cancer in their HCPs and the healthcare system. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 purposively sampled patients with a rare cancer. The interview guide included topics related to trust, including level, development, barriers and facilitators, importance, and trust dimensions. Thematic analysis was conducted with use of Atlas.ti. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 50 years, 60% were female, and 70% were highly educated. Three themes were constructed: (1) "Confirmed expertise is a prerequisite of trust." Patients need confirmation of their HCPs' expertise, as it could not be assumed due to the rarity of their cancer; (2) "Trust depends on the adequacy of information and how it is provided." Limited information about rare cancer reduced patients' trust in health care, whereas interpersonal trust was mainly affected by how HCPs provided information; and (3) "Trust is built on properly coordinated and supportive care." Proper organization and cooperation within and between hospitals, and integration of supportive care, enhanced trust. CONCLUSION Patients with a rare cancer experience challenges that influence trust in HCPs and the healthcare system. Further research should examine trust among subgroups of patients with a rare cancer, to enable development of tailored interventions. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS HCPs may improve trust by focusing on expertise, effective information provision, proper coordination of care, and provision of adequate supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C R Simons
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (Integraal Kankercentrum Nederland, IKNL), Rijnkade 5, 3511 LC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marij A Hillen
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna W M Aarts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Gynaecological Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Tromp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline de Heus
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (Integraal Kankercentrum Nederland, IKNL), Rijnkade 5, 3511 LC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia F A Duijts
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (Integraal Kankercentrum Nederland, IKNL), Rijnkade 5, 3511 LC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Ahmed S, Wedekind MF, Del Rivero J, Raygada M, Lockridge R, Glod JW, Flowers C, Thomas BJ, Bernstein DB, Kapustina OB, Jain A, Miettinen M, Raffeld M, Xi L, Tyagi M, Kim J, Aldape K, Malayeri AA, Kaplan RN, Allen T, Vivelo CA, Sandler AB, Widemann BC, Reilly KM. Longitudinal Natural History Study of Children and Adults with Rare Solid Tumors: Initial Results for First 200 Participants. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2468-2482. [PMID: 37966258 PMCID: PMC10699159 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of tumor biology and identification of effective therapies is lacking for many rare tumors. My Pediatric and Adult Rare Tumor (MyPART) network was established to engage patients, advocates, and researchers and conduct a comprehensive longitudinal Natural History Study of Rare Solid Tumors. Through remote or in-person enrollment at the NIH Clinical Center, participants with rare solid tumors ≥4 weeks old complete standardized medical and family history forms, patient reported outcomes, and provide tumor, blood and/or saliva samples. Medical records are extracted for clinical status and treatment history, and tumors undergo genomic analysis. A total of 200 participants (65% female, 35% male, median age at diagnosis 43 years, range = 2-77) enrolled from 46 U.S. states and nine other countries (46% remote, 55% in-person). Frequent diagnoses were neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN), adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC), medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors (sdGIST), and chordomas. At enrollment, median years since diagnosis was 3.5 (range = 0-36.6), 63% participants had metastatic disease and 20% had no evidence of disease. Pathogenic germline and tumor mutations included SDHA/B/C (sdGIST), RET (MTC), TP53 and CTNNB1 (ACC), MEN1 (NEN), and SMARCB1 (poorly-differentiated chordoma). Clinically significant anxiety was observed in 20%-35% of adults. Enrollment of participants and comprehensive data collection were feasible. Remote enrollment was critical during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 30 patients were enrolled with ACC, NEN, and sdGIST, allowing for clinical/genomic analyses across tumors. Longitudinal follow-up and expansion of cohorts are ongoing to advance understanding of disease course and establish external controls for interventional trials. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that comprehensive, tumor-agnostic data and biospecimen collection is feasible to characterize different rare tumors, and speed progress in research. The findings will be foundational to developing external controls groups for single-arm interventional trials, where randomized control trials cannot be conducted because of small patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadin Ahmed
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Margarita Raygada
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robin Lockridge
- Clinical Research Directorate (CRD), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - John W. Glod
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Crystal Flowers
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - BJ Thomas
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Donna B. Bernstein
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Oxana B. Kapustina
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ashish Jain
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Liqiang Xi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Manoj Tyagi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ashkan A. Malayeri
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rosandra N. Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Taryn Allen
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
- Clinical Research Directorate (CRD), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Christina A. Vivelo
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
- Kelly Government Solutions, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Abby B. Sandler
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Karlyne M. Reilly
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
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Bellefkih FZ, Benchakroun N, Lalya I, Amaoui B, El Kacemi H, Acharki A, El Hfid M, El Mazghi A, Chekrine T, Bouchbika Z, Jouhadi H, Sahraoui S, Tawfiq N, Michalet M. Radiotherapy in the management of rare gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review. Cancer Radiother 2023; 27:622-637. [PMID: 37500390 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this analysis is to assess radiotherapy's role and technical aspects in an array of rare gastrointestinal (GI) cancers for adult patients. Collection data pertaining to radiotherapy and digestive rare cancers were sourced from Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy improved outcomes for patients with esophageal undifferentiated carcinoma compared with esophageal salivary gland types of carcinomas. For rare gastric epithelial carcinoma, perioperative chemotherapy is the common treatment. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy showed no benefice compared with adjuvant chemotherapy for duodenal adenocarcinoma. Small bowel sarcomas respond well to radiotherapy. By analogy to anal squamous cell carcinoma, exclusive chemoradiotherapy provided better outcomes for patients with rectal squamous cell carcinoma. For anal adenocarcinoma, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, followed by radical surgery, was the most effective regimen. For pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, chemoradiotherapy can be a suitable option as postoperative or exclusive for unresectable/borderline disease. The stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a promising approach for hepatobiliary malignancy. Radiotherapy is a valuable option in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) for palliative intent, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resistant disease, and unresectable or residual disease. Involved field (IF) radiotherapy for digestive lymphoma provides good results, especially for gastric extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT). In conclusion, radiotherapy is not an uncommon indication in this context. A multidisciplinary approach is needed for better management of digestive rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z Bellefkih
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - N Benchakroun
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco; Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - I Lalya
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - B Amaoui
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - H El Kacemi
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A Acharki
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M El Hfid
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A El Mazghi
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - T Chekrine
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Z Bouchbika
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - H Jouhadi
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - S Sahraoui
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco; Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - N Tawfiq
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M Michalet
- Service d'oncologie-radiothérapie, institut du cancer de Montpellier, Fédération d'oncologie-radiothérapie d'Occitanie Méditerranée (Forom), Montpellier, France
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5
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Descriptive Epidemiology of Hospitalization of Patients with a Rare Tumor in an Italian Region. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:9711-9721. [PMID: 36547176 PMCID: PMC9776515 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29120762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rare tumors (RT) collectively account for one quarter of all malignancies in Italy. The low frequency and the large heterogeneity in natural history and outcome of individual diseases, together with a scarcity of epidemiological information make them a challenge for clinical practice, as well as for public healthcare organizations. We conducted a retrospective study to quantify the burden of hospitalization in a real-word setting in patients diagnosed with these diseases in an Italian region. METHODS RT patients were tracked along all hospital stays from 2000 to 2019 using hospital discharge records. Frequency of hospitalizations, average time spent in hospital and median timespan between consecutive admissions were considered. Re-hospitalization rates were analyzed through a multivariable negative binomial regression analysis to adjust for confounding and allowing for over-dispersion in count data. RESULTS As a whole, 57,329 patients were identified at first stay for all studied tumors. A total of 183,959 admissions were retrieved, along a median of 3 hospitalizations per patient. Median timespan between hospitalizations shortened in the course of the study years (12.5 months in 2000-2004 to 5.4 months in 2015-2019). The overall re-hospitalization rate increased from 0.92 per patient/year (95% CI = 0.81-1.04) in 2000-2004 to 2.17 (95% CI = 1.90-2.47) in 2015-2019. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the hospitalization rate of patients with a RT increased in the twenty years since the 2000 and particularly doubled starting from 2015. A higher burden of hospitalizations was found for tumors of the central nervous system, thoracic cavity, digestive tract and sarcomas. To the best of our knowledge this is the first paper related to access to Italian healthcare facilities of patients with these tumors.
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Safaric Tepes P, Segovia D, Jevtic S, Ramirez D, Lyons SK, Sordella R. Patient-derived xenografts and in vitro model show rationale for imatinib mesylate repurposing in HEY1-NCoA2-driven mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1038-1049. [PMID: 36775418 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) is a high-grade malignancy that represents 2-9% of chondrosarcomas and mostly affects children and young adults. HEY1-NCoA2 gene fusion is considered to be a driver of tumorigenesis and it has been identified in 80% of MCS tumors. The shortage of MCS samples and biological models creates a challenge for the development of effective therapeutic strategies to improve the low survival rate of MCS patients. Previous molecular studies using immunohistochemical staining of patient samples suggest that activation of PDGFR signaling could be involved in MCS tumorigenesis. This work presents the development of two independent in vitro and in vivo models of HEY1-NCoA2-driven MCS and their application in a drug repurposing strategy. The in vitro model was characterized by RNA sequencing at the single-cell level and successfully recapitulated relevant MCS features. Imatinib, as well as specific inhibitors of ABL and PDGFR, demonstrated a highly selective cytotoxic effect targeting the HEY1-NCoA2 fusion-driven cellular model. In addition, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of MCS harboring the HEY1-NCoA2 fusion were developed from a primary tumor and its distant metastasis. In concordance with in vitro observations, imatinib was able to significantly reduce tumor growth in MCS-PDX models. The conclusions of this study serve as preclinical results to revisit the clinical efficacy of imatinib in the treatment of HEY1-NCoA2-driven MCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Safaric Tepes
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Kongresni trg 12, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Danilo Segovia
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Sania Jevtic
- Phytoform Labs Ltd., Lawes Open Innovation Hub, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, England, UK
| | - Daniel Ramirez
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Scott K Lyons
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Raffaella Sordella
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
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7
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Trastulla L, Noorbakhsh J, Vazquez F, McFarland J, Iorio F. Computational estimation of quality and clinical relevance of cancer cell lines. Mol Syst Biol 2022; 18:e11017. [PMID: 35822563 PMCID: PMC9277610 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202211017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immortal cancer cell lines (CCLs) are the most widely used system for investigating cancer biology and for the preclinical development of oncology therapies. Pharmacogenomic and genome‐wide editing screenings have facilitated the discovery of clinically relevant gene–drug interactions and novel therapeutic targets via large panels of extensively characterised CCLs. However, tailoring pharmacological strategies in a precision medicine context requires bridging the existing gaps between tumours and in vitro models. Indeed, intrinsic limitations of CCLs such as misidentification, the absence of tumour microenvironment and genetic drift have highlighted the need to identify the most faithful CCLs for each primary tumour while addressing their heterogeneity, with the development of new models where necessary. Here, we discuss the most significant limitations of CCLs in representing patient features, and we review computational methods aiming at systematically evaluating the suitability of CCLs as tumour proxies and identifying the best patient representative in vitro models. Additionally, we provide an overview of the applications of these methods to more complex models and discuss future machine‐learning‐based directions that could resolve some of the arising discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Trastulla
- Human Technopole, Milano, Italy.,Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Francisca Vazquez
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Francesco Iorio
- Human Technopole, Milano, Italy.,Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Dinh TA, Utria AF, Barry KC, Ma R, Abou-Alfa GK, Gordan JD, Jaffee EM, Scott JD, Zucman-Rossi J, O’Neill AF, Furth ME, Sethupathy P. A framework for fibrolamellar carcinoma research and clinical trials. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:328-342. [PMID: 35190728 PMCID: PMC9516439 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC), a rare, lethal hepatic cancer, occurs primarily in adolescents and young adults. Unlike hepatocellular carcinoma, FLC has no known association with viral, metabolic or chemical agents that cause cirrhosis. Currently, surgical resection is the only treatment demonstrated to achieve cure, and no standard of care exists for systemic therapy. Progress in FLC research illuminates a transition from an obscure cancer to one for which an interactive community seems poised to uncover fundamental mechanisms and initiate translation towards novel therapies. In this Roadmap, we review advances since the seminal discovery in 2014 that nearly all FLC tumours express a signature oncogene (DNAJB1-PRKACA) encoding a fusion protein (DNAJ-PKAc) in which the J-domain of a heat shock protein 40 (HSP40) co-chaperone replaces an amino-terminal segment of the catalytic subunit of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Important gains include increased understanding of oncogenic pathways driven by DNAJ-PKAc; identification of potential therapeutic targets; development of research models; elucidation of immune mechanisms with potential for the development of immunotherapies; and completion of the first multicentre clinical trials of targeted therapy for FLC. In each of these key areas we propose a Roadmap for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Dinh
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Timothy A. Dinh, Alan F. Utria, Kevin C. Barry
| | - Alan F. Utria
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Timothy A. Dinh, Alan F. Utria, Kevin C. Barry
| | - Kevin C. Barry
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Timothy A. Dinh, Alan F. Utria, Kevin C. Barry
| | - Rosanna Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John D. Gordan
- Gastrointestinal oncology, University of California at San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Jaffee
- Department of oncology, Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John D. Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Paris, France
| | - Allison F. O’Neill
- Department of Paediatric Hematology/oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark E. Furth
- Fibrolamellar Cancer Foundation, Greenwich, CT, USA.,;
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,;
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9
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Tang F, Tie Y, Wei YQ, Tu CQ, Wei XW. Targeted and immuno-based therapies in sarcoma: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188606. [PMID: 34371128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas represent a distinct group of rare malignant tumors with high heterogeneity. Limited options with clinical efficacy for the metastatic or local advanced sarcoma existed despite standard therapy. Recently, targeted therapy according to the molecular and genetic phenotype of individual sarcoma is a promising option. Among these drugs, anti-angiogenesis therapy achieved favorable efficacy in sarcomas. Inhibitors targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, mTOR, NTRK, metabolisms, and epigenetic drugs are under clinical evaluation for sarcomas bearing the corresponding signals. Immunotherapy represents a promising and favorable method in advanced solid tumors. However, most sarcomas are immune "cold" tumors, with only alveolar soft part sarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cellular therapies with TCR-engineered T cells, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and nature killer cells transfer show therapeutic potential. Identifying tumor-specific antigens and exploring immune modulation factors arguing the efficacy of these immunotherapies are the current challenges. This review focuses on the mechanisms, advances, and potential strategies of targeted and immune-based therapies in sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthopeadics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Tie
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong-Qi Tu
- Department of Orthopeadics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xia-Wei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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10
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Agulnik M, Schulte B, Robinson S, Hirbe AC, Kozak K, Chawla SP, Attia S, Rademaker A, Zhang H, Abbinanti S, Cehic R, Monga V, Milhem M, Okuno S, Van Tine BA. An open-label single-arm phase II study of regorafenib for the treatment of angiosarcoma. Eur J Cancer 2021; 154:201-208. [PMID: 34284255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiosarcomas represents a diverse group of aggressive high-grade vascular tumours with limited therapeutic options. We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of regorafenib, a small-molecule multikinase inhibitor, in the treatment of metastatic or locally advanced unresectable angiosarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this single-arm multicentre, open-label phase II clinical trial, 31 patients were enrolled and received regorafenib 160 mg PO daily for 21 days of a 28-day cycle. The primary endpoint for the study was progression-free survival at 4 months. Secondary endpoints included overall survival, response rate, and safety. Patients (≥18 years) with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of 0-1, a life expectancy of at least 4 months who had progressed on at least one but no more than 4 prior lines of therapy were eligible. RESULTS Of the 23 patients evaluable for efficacy, 2 had a complete response (8.7%), and 2 had a partial response (8.7%), for a total overall response rate of 17.4%. Median PFS was 5.5 months, and 12/23 patients (52.2%) had a PFS of greater than 4 months. 10/31 (32.3%) patients evaluable for toxicity had a grade 3 or higher adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Regorafenib is a safe and active treatment for refractory metastatic and unresectable angiosarcoma. Rates of adverse events were comparable to prior studies of regorafenib for other tumour types. Regorafenib, the single agent, could be considered as therapy for patients with metastatic or unresectable AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Agulnik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA.
| | - Brian Schulte
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Steven Robinson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela C Hirbe
- Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO, USA; Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis MO, USA; St Louis Children's Hospital, Department id Pediatrics, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kevin Kozak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mercy Health System, Janesville, WI, USA
| | | | - Steven Attia
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Alfred Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan Abbinanti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Rasima Cehic
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Varun Monga
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mohammed Milhem
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Scott Okuno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO, USA; Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis MO, USA; St Louis Children's Hospital, Department id Pediatrics, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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11
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Descriptive epidemiological study of rare, less common and common cancers in Western Australia. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:779. [PMID: 34233636 PMCID: PMC8265087 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are no epidemiological studies describing rare cancers in Western Australia (WA). We aimed to fill this gap by estimating the incidence and five-year survival of rare, less common and common cancers in WA, based on definitions for rarity used by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and cancer groupings from the project on Surveillance of Rare Cancers in Europe (RARECARE). This research will enable policy- and decision-makers to better understand the size and nature of the public health problem presented by rare cancers in WA. It is anticipated that this study will inform improved health service design and delivery for all WA cancer patients, but particularly those with rare and less common cancers. Methods We estimated incidence and five-year survival rates of rare, less common and common cancers in WA using data sourced from the WA Cancer Registry for the 2013–2017 period. Cancers were defined as rare (< 6), less common (6–12), or common (> 12) based on their crude incidence rate per 100,000 people per year. Results Rare cancers make up 21.5% of all cancer diagnoses in WA, with a significantly poorer five-year survival of 58.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 57.3–59.1%), compared to patients diagnosed with a common cancer, whose five-year survival was 87.8% (95% CI 87.3–88.3%). Survival for less common cancers was significantly poorer than both rare and common cancers, at 48.1% (95% CI 47.3–49.0%). Together, rare and less common cancers represent 48.4% of all cancer diagnoses in WA. Conclusions While rare cancers are individually scarce, collectively over one in five cancer patients in WA are diagnosed with a rare cancer. These patients experience significantly worse prognoses compared to patients with common cancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08501-4.
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12
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Sahu R, Mishra R, Kumar R, Salahuddin, Majee C, Mazumder A, Kumar A. Pyridine moiety: An insight into recent advances in treatment of cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:248-272. [PMID: 34126914 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210614162031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide, affecting a vast majority of the human population. As new different anticancer agents are being developed now, the requirement is to deal somehow with them and evaluate their safety. Among them, pyridine based drugs are contributing a lot, as it is one of the imperative pharmacophores occurring synthetically as well as naturally in heterocyclic compounds, and having a wide range of therapeutic applications in the area of drug discovery, thereby offering many chances for further improvement in antitumor agents via acting onto numerous receptors of extreme prominence. Many pyridine derivatives have been reported to inhibit enzymes, receptors and many other targets for controlling and curing the global health issue of cancer. Nowadays, in combination with other moieties, researchers are focusing on the development of pyridine-based new derivatives for cancer treatment. Therefore, this review sheds light on the recent therapeutic expansions of pyridine together with its molecular docking, structure-activity-relationship, availability in the market, and a summary of recently patented and published research works that shall jointly help the scientists to produce effective drugs with the desired pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sahu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida-201310, India
| | - Rakhi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida-201306, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida-201306, India
| | - Salahuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida-201306, India
| | - Chandana Majee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida-201306, India
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida-201306, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida-201306, India
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13
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Fiorentino A, Gregucci F, Desideri I, Fiore M, Marino L, Errico A, Di Rito A, Borghetti P, Franco P, Greto D, Donato V. Radiation treatment for adult rare cancers: Oldest and newest indication. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 159:103228. [PMID: 33508447 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Aim of this analysis is to review the role of RT in the management of several rare tumors for adult patients. METHODS Collection data regarding RT and rare tumors was made by Pubmed. RESULTS For mucosal melanomas, RT is prescribed, being associated with lower local recurrence rate. For trachea tumors, RT was used as adjuvant or salvage treatment for unresectable disease. For pNET, RT can be a suitable option for post-surgical or unresectable/borderline. For bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors the role of adjuvant treatments is uncertain. For hepatobiliary and ovarian malignancy, stereotactic body RT (SBRT) is a promising approach. For soft tissue sarcoma, perioperative treatments are indicated, and a growing role of SBRT in oligometastatic disease is recognized. For endocrine tumors, adjuvant RT has demonstrated benefits through reducing recurrence risk. CONCLUSION The radiotherapy is a frequent indication in adult rare cancers; thus the role of Radiation Oncologist must not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Fiorentino
- Radiation Oncology Department, "F. Miulli" General Regional Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabiana Gregucci
- Radiation Oncology Department, "F. Miulli" General Regional Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy.
| | - Isacco Desideri
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Fiore
- Radiation Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Marino
- Radiation Oncology Department, Humanitas Istituto Clinico Catanese, Misterbianco, Catania, Italy
| | - Angelo Errico
- Radiotherapy Oncology Department, R. Dimiccoli Hospital, Barletta, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Rito
- Radiotherapy Oncology Department, IRCCS "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Borghetti
- Radiation Oncology Department University and Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Greto
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Vittorio Donato
- Radiation Oncology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo-Forlanini, Roma, Italy
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14
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Warren A, Chen Y, Jones A, Shibue T, Hahn WC, Boehm JS, Vazquez F, Tsherniak A, McFarland JM. Global computational alignment of tumor and cell line transcriptional profiles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:22. [PMID: 33397959 PMCID: PMC7782593 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are key tools for preclinical cancer research, but it remains unclear how well they represent patient tumor samples. Direct comparisons of tumor and cell line transcriptional profiles are complicated by several factors, including the variable presence of normal cells in tumor samples. We thus develop an unsupervised alignment method (Celligner) and apply it to integrate several large-scale cell line and tumor RNA-Seq datasets. Although our method aligns the majority of cell lines with tumor samples of the same cancer type, it also reveals large differences in tumor similarity across cell lines. Using this approach, we identify several hundred cell lines from diverse lineages that present a more mesenchymal and undifferentiated transcriptional state and that exhibit distinct chemical and genetic dependencies. Celligner could be used to guide the selection of cell lines that more closely resemble patient tumors and improve the clinical translation of insights gained from cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yejia Chen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Jones
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse S Boehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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15
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Sato K, Komune N, Hongo T, Koike K, Niida A, Uchi R, Noda T, Kogo R, Matsumoto N, Yamamoto H, Masuda M, Oda Y, Mimori K, Nakagawa T. Genetic landscape of external auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3010-3019. [PMID: 32500594 PMCID: PMC7419060 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
External auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma (EACSCC) is an extremely rare and aggressive malignancy. Due to its rarity, the molecular and genetic characteristics of EACSCC have not yet been elucidated. To reveal the genetic alterations of EACSCC, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on 11 primary tumors, 1 relapsed tumor and 10 noncancerous tissues from 10 patients with EACSCC, including 1 with a rare case of synchronous bilateral EACSCC of both ears. WES of the primary tumor samples showed that the most frequently mutated gene is TP53 (63.6%). In addition, recurrent mutations in CDKN2A, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, FAT1 and FAT3 were detected in multiple samples. The mutational signature analysis of primary tumors indicated that the mutational processes associated with the activation of apolipoprotein B mRNA‐editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide‐like (APOBEC) deaminases are the most common in EACSCC, suggesting its similarity to SCC from other primary sites. Analysis of arm‐level copy number alterations detected notable amplification of chromosomes 3q, 5p and 8q as well as deletion of 3p across multiple samples. Focal chromosomal aberrations included amplifications of 5p15.33 (ZDHHC11B) and 7p14.1 (TARP) as well as deletion of 9p21.3 (CDKN2A/B). The protein expression levels of ZDHHC11B and TARP in EACSCC tissues were validated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, WES of the primary and relapsed tumors from a case of synchronous bilateral EACSCC showed the intrapatient genetic heterogeneity of EACSCC. In summary, this study provides the first evidence for genetic alterations of EACSCC. Our findings suggest that EACSCC mostly resembles other SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Sato
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noritaka Komune
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hongo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Koike
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Oita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Niida
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Uchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Teppei Noda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Kogo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nozomu Matsumoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Muneyuki Masuda
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Oita, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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16
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Current status and perspectives of patient-derived rare cancer models. Hum Cell 2020; 33:919-929. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Yoshida K, Yokoi A, Kagawa T, Oda S, Hattori S, Tamauchi S, Ikeda Y, Yoshikawa N, Nishino K, Utsumi F, Niimi K, Suzuki S, Shibata K, Kajiyama H, Yokoi T, Kikkawa F. Unique miRNA profiling of squamous cell carcinoma arising from ovarian mature teratoma: comprehensive miRNA sequence analysis of its molecular background. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:1435-1444. [PMID: 31353396 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to its rarity, the carcinogenesis and molecular biological characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma arising from mature teratoma remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the molecular background of malignant transformation from the aspects of microRNA (miRNA) profiling. We examined 7 patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 20 patients with mature teratoma and extracted their total RNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Then we prepared small RNA libraries and performed comprehensive miRNA sequencing. Heatmap and principal component analysis revealed markedly different miRNA profiling in cancer, normal ovarian and mature teratoma tissues. Then we narrowed down cancer-related miRNAs, comparing paired-cancer and normal ovaries. Comparisons of cancer and mature teratoma identified two markedly upregulated miRNAs (miR-151a-3p and miR-378a-3p) and two markedly downregulated miRNAs (miR-26a-5p and miR-99a-5p). In addition, these findings were validated in fresh cancer tissues of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Moreover, several miRNAs, including miR-151a-3p and miR-378a-3p, were elevated in the murine plasma when tumor tissues were enlarged although miR-26a-5p and miR-99a-5p were not elucidated in the murine plasma. Finally, we performed target prediction and functional annotation analysis in silico and indicated that targets genes of these miRNAs markedly correlated with cancer-related pathways, including 'pathway in cancer' and 'cell cycle'. In conclusion, this is the first study on miRNA sequencing for squamous cell carcinoma arising from mature teratoma. The study identified four cancer-related miRNAs that were considered to be related to the feature of malignant transformation. Moreover, miRNAs circulating in the murine plasma of the PDX model could be novel diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Takumi Kagawa
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Oda
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satomi Hattori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tamauchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Yoshikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Nishino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumi Utsumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaoru Niimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiro Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyosumi Shibata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yokoi
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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18
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Lau HCH, Kranenburg O, Xiao H, Yu J. Organoid models of gastrointestinal cancers in basic and translational research. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:203-222. [PMID: 32099092 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. Gastrointestinal cancers account for approximately one-third of the total global cancer incidence and mortality. Historically, the mechanisms of tumour initiation and progression in the gastrointestinal tract have been studied using cancer cell lines in vitro and animal models. Traditional cell culture methods are associated with a strong selection of aberrant genomic variants that no longer reflect the original tumours in terms of their (metastatic) behaviour or response to therapy. Organoid technology has emerged as a powerful alternative method for culturing gastrointestinal tumours and the corresponding normal tissues in a manner that preserves their genetic, phenotypic and behavioural traits. Importantly, accumulating evidence suggests that organoid cultures have great value in predicting the outcome of therapy in individual patients. Herein, we review the current literature on organoid models of the most common gastrointestinal cancers, including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, oesophageal cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer, and their value in modelling tumour initiation, metastatic progression and therapy response. We also explore the limitations of current organoid models and discuss how they could be improved to maximally benefit basic and translational research in the future, especially in the fields of drug discovery and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Cheuk Hay Lau
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht Platform for Organoid Technology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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19
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The Angiosarcoma Project: enabling genomic and clinical discoveries in a rare cancer through patient-partnered research. Nat Med 2020; 26:181-187. [PMID: 32042194 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite rare cancers accounting for 25% of adult tumors1, they are difficult to study due to the low disease incidence and geographically dispersed patient populations, which has resulted in significant unmet clinical needs for patients with rare cancers. We assessed whether a patient-partnered research approach using online engagement can overcome these challenges, focusing on angiosarcoma, a sarcoma with an annual incidence of 300 cases in the United States. Here we describe the development of the Angiosarcoma Project (ASCproject), an initiative enabling US and Canadian patients to remotely share their clinical information and biospecimens for research. The project generates and publicly releases clinically annotated genomic data on tumor and germline specimens on an ongoing basis. Over 18 months, 338 patients registered for the ASCproject, which comprises a large proportion of all patients with angiosarcoma. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 47 tumors revealed recurrently mutated genes that included KDR, TP53, and PIK3CA. PIK3CA-activating mutations were observed predominantly in primary breast angiosarcoma, which suggested a therapeutic rationale. Angiosarcoma of the head, neck, face and scalp (HNFS) was associated with a high tumor mutation burden (TMB) and a dominant ultraviolet damage mutational signature, which suggested that for the subset of patients with angiosarcoma of HNFS, ultraviolet damage may be a causative factor and that immune checkpoint inhibition may be beneficial. Medical record review revealed that two patients with HNFS angiosarcoma had received off-label therapeutic use of antibody to the programmed death-1 protein (anti-PD-1) and had experienced exceptional responses, which highlights immune checkpoint inhibition as a therapeutic avenue for HNFS angiosarcoma. This patient-partnered approach has catalyzed an opportunity to discover the etiology and potential therapies for patients with angiosarcoma. Collectively, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates that empowering patients to directly participate in research can overcome barriers in rare diseases and can enable discoveries.
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20
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Krawczyk E, Hong SH, Galli S, Trinh E, Wietlisbach L, Misiukiewicz SF, Tilan JU, Chen YS, Schlegel R, Kitlinska J. Murine neuroblastoma cell lines developed by conditional reprogramming preserve heterogeneous phenotypes observed in vivo. J Transl Med 2020; 100:38-51. [PMID: 31409888 PMCID: PMC6920526 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric tumor of the peripheral nervous system. Treatment of the disease represents an unsolved clinical problem, as survival of patients with aggressive form of NB remains below 50%. Despite recent identification of numerous potential therapeutic targets, clinical trials validating them are challenging due to the rarity of the disease and its high patient-to-patient heterogeneity. Hence, there is a need for the accurate preclinical models that would allow testing novel therapeutic approaches and prioritizing the clinical studies, preferentially in personalized way. Here, we propose using conditional reprogramming (CR) technology for rapid development of primary NB cell cultures that could become a new model for such tests. This newly established method allowed for indefinite propagation of normal and tumor cells of epithelial origin in an undifferentiated state by their culture in the presence of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y-27632, and irradiated mouse feeder cells. Using a modification of this approach, we isolated cell lines from tumors arising in the TH-MYCN murine transgenic model of NB (CR-NB). The cells were positive for neuronal markers, including Phox2B and peripherin and consisted of two distinct populations: mesenchymal and adrenergic expressing corresponding markers of their specific lineage. This heterogeneity of the CR-NB cells mimicked the different tumor cell phenotypes in TH-MYCN tumor tissues. The CR-NB cells preserved anchorage-independent growth capability and were successfully passaged, frozen and biobanked. Further studies are required to determine the utility of this method for isolation of human NB cultures, which can become a novel model for basic, translational, and clinical research, including individualized drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Krawczyk
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Sung-Hyeok Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Susana Galli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Emily Trinh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Larissa Wietlisbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Sara F. Misiukiewicz
- Human Science Department, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Jason U. Tilan
- Human Science Department, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - You-Shin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Joanna Kitlinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
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21
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Fan H, Demirci U, Chen P. Emerging organoid models: leaping forward in cancer research. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:142. [PMID: 31884964 PMCID: PMC6936115 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer heterogeneity is regarded as the main reason for the failure of conventional cancer therapy. The ability to reconstruct intra- and interpatient heterogeneity in cancer models is crucial for understanding cancer biology as well as for developing personalized anti-cancer therapy. Cancer organoids represent an emerging approach for creating patient-derived in vitro cancer models that closely recapitulate the pathophysiological features of natural tumorigenesis and metastasis. Meanwhile, cancer organoids have recently been utilized in the discovery of personalized anti-cancer therapy and prognostic biomarkers. Further, the synergistic combination of cancer organoids with organ-on-a-chip and 3D bioprinting presents a new avenue in the development of more sophisticated and optimized model systems to recapitulate complex cancer-stroma or multiorgan metastasis. Here, we summarize the recent advances in cancer organoids from a perspective of the in vitro emulation of natural cancer evolution and the applications in personalized cancer theranostics. We also discuss the challenges and trends in reconstructing more comprehensive cancer models for basic and clinical cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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22
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Rodrigues M, Koning LD, Coupland SE, Jochemsen AG, Marais R, Stern MH, Valente A, Barnhill R, Cassoux N, Evans A, Galloway I, Jager MJ, Kapiteijn E, Romanowska-Dixon B, Ryll B, Roman-Roman S, Piperno-Neumann S. So Close, yet so Far: Discrepancies between Uveal and Other Melanomas. A Position Paper from UM Cure 2020. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1032. [PMID: 31336679 PMCID: PMC6678543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite much progress in our understanding of uveal melanoma (UM) over the past decades, this rare tumour is still often misclassified. Although UM, like other melanomas, is very probably derived from melanocytes, it is drastically different from cutaneous melanoma and most other melanoma subtypes in terms of epidemiology, aetiology, biology and clinical features, including an intriguing metastatic hepatotropism. UM carries distinctive prognostic chromosome alterations, somatic mutations and gene expression profiles, allowing an active tailored surveillance strategy and dedicated adjuvant clinical trials. There is no standard systemic treatment for disseminated UM at present. In contrast to cutaneous melanoma, UMs are not BRAF-mutated, thus curtailing the use of B-Raf inhibitors. Although these tumours are characterised by some immune infiltrates, immune checkpoint inhibitors are rarely effective, possibly due to a low mutation burden. UM patients across the world not only face rare cancer-related issues (e.g., specific management strategies, access to information and to expert centres), but also specific UM problems, which can be exacerbated by the common misconception that it is a subtype of cutaneous melanoma. As a European Consortium dedicated to research on UM and awareness on the disease, "UM Cure 2020" participants urge medical oncologists, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory agencies to acknowledge UM as a melanoma with specific issues, in order to accelerate the development of new therapies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rodrigues
- Department of Medical Oncology and INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Leanne de Koning
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Aart G Jochemsen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Marais
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Raymond Barnhill
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Cassoux
- Department of Ocular Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Andrew Evans
- Melanoma Patient Network Europe, 75597 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Iain Galloway
- Melanoma Patient Network Europe, 75597 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kapiteijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bozena Romanowska-Dixon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical 31007 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bettina Ryll
- Melanoma Patient Network Europe, 75597 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sergio Roman-Roman
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Piperno-Neumann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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23
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Liu W, Zhang Z, Zhang ZM, Hao P, Ding K, Li Z. Integrated phenotypic screening and activity-based protein profiling to reveal potential therapy targets of pancreatic cancer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1596-1599. [PMID: 30656306 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has been defined as one of the most complex and challenging cancers to treat, but very few valid therapeutic targets have been identified to date. To address this issue, a 61-compound library was readily created by Ugi reaction followed by phenotypic screening, leading to the discovery of two most potent inhibitors, P21 and P26, which significantly impair BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cell survival. A series of interacting protein hits, such as GSTO1, FAM213A, RAB6A/6B/39A and USMG5, were subsequently identified by quantitative chemoproteomics studies. The main cellular target, GSTO1, was further validated as a novel pancreatic cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University; Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of People's Republic of China, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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24
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Tseng YY, Boehm JS. From cell lines to living biosensors: new opportunities to prioritize cancer dependencies using ex vivo tumor cultures. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 54:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Sharifnia T, Wawer MJ, Chen T, Huang QY, Weir BA, Sizemore A, Lawlor MA, Goodale A, Cowley GS, Vazquez F, Ott CJ, Francis JM, Sassi S, Cogswell P, Sheppard HE, Zhang T, Gray NS, Clarke PA, Blagg J, Workman P, Sommer J, Hornicek F, Root DE, Hahn WC, Bradner JE, Wong KK, Clemons PA, Lin CY, Kotz JD, Schreiber SL. Small-molecule targeting of brachyury transcription factor addiction in chordoma. Nat Med 2019; 25:292-300. [PMID: 30664779 PMCID: PMC6633917 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chordoma is a primary bone cancer with no approved therapy1. The identification of therapeutic targets in this disease has been challenging due to the infrequent occurrence of clinically actionable somatic mutations in chordoma tumors2,3. Here we describe the discovery of therapeutically targetable chordoma dependencies via genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screening and focused small-molecule sensitivity profiling. These systematic approaches reveal that the developmental transcription factor T (brachyury; TBXT) is the top selectively essential gene in chordoma, and that transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors targeting CDK7/12/13 and CDK9 potently suppress chordoma cell proliferation. In other cancer types, transcriptional CDK inhibitors have been observed to downregulate highly expressed, enhancer-associated oncogenic transcription factors4,5. In chordoma, we find that T is associated with a 1.5-Mb region containing 'super-enhancers' and is the most highly expressed super-enhancer-associated transcription factor. Notably, transcriptional CDK inhibition leads to preferential and concentration-dependent downregulation of cellular brachyury protein levels in all models tested. In vivo, CDK7/12/13-inhibitor treatment substantially reduces tumor growth. Together, these data demonstrate small-molecule targeting of brachyury transcription factor addiction in chordoma, identify a mechanism of T gene regulation that underlies this therapeutic strategy, and provide a blueprint for applying systematic genetic and chemical screening approaches to discover vulnerabilities in genomically quiet cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ting Chen
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Huang
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Barbara A Weir
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Janssen R&D, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ann Sizemore
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew A Lawlor
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Amy Goodale
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Glenn S Cowley
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Janssen R&D, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - Christopher J Ott
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Joshua M Francis
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gritstone Oncology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Slim Sassi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul A Clarke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Julian Blagg
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Francis Hornicek
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- UCLA Medical Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kwok K Wong
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Joanne D Kotz
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Jnana Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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26
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Jeanquartier F, Jean-Quartier C, Holzinger A. Use case driven evaluation of open databases for pediatric cancer research. BioData Min 2019; 12:2. [PMID: 30675185 PMCID: PMC6334395 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-018-0190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A plethora of Web resources are available offering information on clinical, pre-clinical, genomic and theoretical aspects of cancer, including not only the comprehensive cancer projects as ICGC and TCGA, but also less-known and more specialized projects on pediatric diseases such as PCGP. However, in case of data on childhood cancer there is very little information openly available. Several web-based resources and tools offer general biomedical data which are not purpose-built, for neither pediatric nor cancer analysis. Additionally, many Web resources on cancer focus on incidence data and statistical social characteristics as well as self-regulating communities. METHODS We summarize those resources which are open and are considered to support scientific fundamental research, while we address our comparison to 11 identified pediatric cancer-specific resources (5 tools, 6 databases). The evaluation consists of 5 use cases on the example of brain tumor research and covers user-defined search scenarios as well as data mining tasks, also examining interactive visual analysis features. RESULTS Web resources differ in terms of information quantity and presentation. Pedican lists an abundance of entries with few selection features. PeCan and PedcBioPortal include visual analysis tools while the latter integrates published and new consortia-based data. UCSC Xena Browser offers an in-depth analysis of genomic data. ICGC data portal provides various features for data analysis and an option to submit own data. Its focus lies on adult Pan-Cancer projects. Pediatric Pan-Cancer datasets are being integrated into PeCan and PedcBioPortal. Comparing information on prominent mutations within glioma discloses well-known, unknown, possible, as well as inapplicable biomarkers. This summary further emphasizes the varying data allocation. Tested tools show advantages and disadvantages, depending on the respective use case scenario, providing inhomogeneous data quantity and information specifics. CONCLUSIONS Web resources on specific pediatric cancers are less abundant and less-known compared to those offering adult cancer research data. Meanwhile, current efforts of ongoing pediatric data collection and Pan-Cancer projects indicate future opportunities for childhood cancer research, that is greatly needed for both fundamental as well as clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Jeanquartier
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Holzinger Group HCI-KDD, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2/V, Graz, 8036 Austria
| | - Claire Jean-Quartier
- Holzinger Group HCI-KDD, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2/V, Graz, 8036 Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Holzinger Group HCI-KDD, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2/V, Graz, 8036 Austria
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27
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Conditionally reprogrammed human normal bronchial epithelial cells express comparable levels of cytochromes p450 and are sensitive to BaP induction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2132-2138. [PMID: 30122317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytochromes p450 (CYPs) metabolize thousands of endogenous and exogenous chemicals, including toxic compounds and drugs. The primary cells have relative short life span and are not able to sustain levels of metabolic enzymes CYPs expression and activity long enough in vitro. The immortalized cell lines are also not ideal for toxicity testing because of their low levels of CYPs expression. In this study, we established human normal bronchial epithelial cells using conditional reprogramming (CR) technique from three human donors (named as CR-HNBE1-3). These CR cells can proliferate continuously in defined culture system over 50 PDs within 2 months. The CR-HNBE cells exhibited the normal diploid karyotype, normal response to DNA damage and normal differentiation potential under the matrigel 3D culture condition. The CR-HNBE cells express the basal epithelial marker cytokeratin 14 (CK14) and epithelial secretory marker Mucin 5AC. Most importantly, CR-HNBE cells express comparable levels of CYP1B1 and CYP2E1 as those in lung tissue. These CR cells also express comparable mRNA of CYP1A1/CYP1A2, CYP2B6/CYP2C9/CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/CYP3A5 compared to the lung tissue. The basal activity of CYP1A1/CYP1B1 in these CR cells was 3-6 folds higher than that of 16HBE cells (an immortalized cell line widely used in toxicology field). Our data also demonstrated that Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) induced up to 100 folds of mRNA expression of CYP1A1 or CYP1A2 in CR-HNBE cells. The activity of CYP1A1/CYP1B1 was induced by BaP up to 7-8 folds in CR-HNBE cells, while the activity of CYP1A1/CYP1B1 was induced maximum 2.5 folds in 16HBE cells. Taken together, CR-HNBE cells express comparable levels of CYPs and are sensitive to BaP induction, and will serve a sensitive, physiological and valuable in vitro toxicity testing model. This is the first report that normal human airway cells can be propagated for a long time and maintain comparable levels of CYPs.
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28
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Mathoulin-Pélissier S, Pritchard-Jones K. Evidence-based data and rare cancers: The need for a new methodological approach in research and investigation. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29526369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare cancers are not so rare, their incidence is increasing and, as a group, they have worse survival than the common cancers. These factors emphasise the societal need to ensure sufficient focus on research into their biological basis, aetiological factors, new more effective therapies and organisation of healthcare to improve access to best practice and innovation. Accuracy of diagnosis is one of the first hurdles to be overcome, with around one third of tumours being reclassified - by type or risk group - when subject to a centralised pathology review process. Timely access to appropriate expert knowledge is a second challenge for patients - in Europe this is being addressed by the establishment of European Reference Networks (ERNs) as part of the EU cross border healthcare initiative. There are ERNs for adult solid and haematological cancers and childhood cancers, all of which are individually rare. These ERNs will facilitate creation of large databases of rare tumours that will incorporate knowledge of their molecular features and build an evidence base for the effectiveness of innovative, biology-directed therapies. With an increasing focus on 'real world' outcome data, research methodologies are evolving, to include randomised registry trials and data linkage approaches that exploit the ever-richer information held on patients in routine health care data. The inclusion of genomic analysis into cancer diagnosis, treatment and risk prediction raises many issues for the conduct of clinical research and cohort studies and personal data sharing. Sophisticated means of pseudonymisation, together with full involvement of affected and 'at risk' patients, are supporting novel research designs and access to data that will continue to build the evidence base to improve outcomes for patients with rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mathoulin-Pélissier
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Epicene Team, UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, INSERM CIC1401, Institut Bergonie, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - K Pritchard-Jones
- University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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