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Liu J, Hou W, Zong Z, Chen Y, Liu X, Zhang R, Deng H. Supplementation of nicotinamide mononucleotide diminishes COX-2 associated inflammatory responses in macrophages by activating kynurenine/AhR signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 214:69-79. [PMID: 38336100 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme responsible for prostaglandin synthesis during inflammation and immune responses. Our previous results show that NAD+ level decreased in activated macrophages while nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation suppressed the inflammatory responses via restoring NAD+ level and downregulating COX-2. However, whether NMN downregulates COX-2 in mouse model of inflammation, and its underlying mechanism needs to be further explored. In the present study, we established LPS- and alum-induced inflammation model and demonstrated that NMN suppressed the inflammatory responses in vivo. Quantitative proteomics in mouse peritoneal macrophages identified that NMN activated AhR signaling pathway in activated macrophages. Furthermore, we revealed that NMN supplementation led to IDO1 activation and kynurenine accumulation, which caused AhR nuclear translocation and activation. On the other hand, AhR or IDO1 knockout abolished the effects of NMN on suppressing COX-2 expression and inflammatory responses in macrophages. In summary, our results demonstrated that NMN suppresses inflammatory responses by activating IDO-kynurenine-AhR pathway, and suggested that administration of NMN in early-stage immuno-activation may cause an adverse health effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxuan Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Yang J, Liu J, Liang J, Li F, Wang W, Chen H, Xie X. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in age-associated thymic involution: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102115. [PMID: 37922996 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is a critical immune organ with endocrine and immune functions that plays important roles in the physiological and pathological processes of the body. However, with aging, the thymus undergoes degenerative changes leading to decreased production and output of naive T cells and the secretion of thymic hormones and related cytokines, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of various age-associated diseases. Therefore, identifying essential processes that regulate age-associated thymic involution is crucial for long-term control of thymic involution and age-associated disease progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well-established process involved in organ aging and functional impairment through tissue fibrosis in several organs, such as the heart and kidney. In the thymus, EMT promotes fibrosis and potentially adipogenesis, leading to thymic involution. This review focuses on the factors involved in thymic involution, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and hormones, from the perspective of EMT. Furthermore, current interventions for reversing age-associated thymic involution by targeting EMT-associated processes are summarized. Understanding the key mechanisms of thymic involution through EMT as an entry point may promote the development of new therapies and clinical agents to reverse thymic involution and age-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Liang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Xiang Xie
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Liang M, Zhan W, Wang L, Bei W, Wang W. Ginsenoside Rb1 Promotes Hepatic Glycogen Synthesis to Ameliorate T2DM Through 15-PGDH/PGE 2/EP4 Signaling Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3223-3234. [PMID: 37867629 PMCID: PMC10590136 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s431423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), one of the crucial bioactive constituents in Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., possesses anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) property. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism, particularly the impact of Rb1 on hepatic glycogen production, a crucial process in the advancement of T2DM, remains poorly understood. 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is responsible for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inactivation. A recent study has reported that inhibition of 15-PGDH promoted hepatic glycogen synthesis and improved T2DM. Therefore, herein, we aimed to investigate whether Rb1 ameliorated T2DM through 15-PGDH/PGE2-regulated hepatic glycogen synthesis. Methods By combining streptozotocin with a high-fat diet, we successfully established a mouse model for T2DM. Afterward, these mice were administered Rb1 or metformin for 8 weeks. An insulin-resistant cell model was established by incubating LO2 cells with palmitic acid. Liver glycogen and PGE2 levels, the expression levels of 15-PGDH, serine/threonine kinase AKT (AKT), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) were measured. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding affinity between 15-PGDH and Rb1. Results Rb1 administration increased the phosphorylation levels of AKT and GSK3β to enhance glycogen synthesis in the liver of T2DM mice. Molecular docking indicated that Rb1 had a high affinity for 15-PGDH. Moreover, Rb1 treatment resulted in the suppression of elevated 15-PGDH levels and the elevation of decreased PGE2 levels in the liver of T2DM mice. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that Rb1 administration might enhance glycogen production by modulating the 15-PGDH/PGE2/PGE2 receptor EP4 pathway. Conclusion Our findings indicate that Rb1 may enhance liver glycogen production through a 15-PGDH-dependent pathway to ameliorate T2DM, thereby offering a new explanation for the positive impact of Rb1 on T2DM and supporting its potential as an effective therapeutic approach for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Liang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Precursor Suppresses Hepatocellular Cancer Progression in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061447. [PMID: 36986177 PMCID: PMC10055624 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism has emerged as a promising anti-cancer strategy; we aimed to explore the health benefits of boosting NAD levels with nicotinamide riboside (NR) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We established three in vivo tumor models, including subcutaneous transplantation tumor model in both Balb/c nude mice (xenograft), C57BL/6J mice (allograft), and hematogenous metastatic neoplasm in nude mice. NR (400 mg/kg bw) was supplied daily in gavage. In-situ tumor growth or noninvasive bioluminescence were measured to evaluate the effect of NR on the HCC process. HepG2 cells were treated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the absence/presence of NR in vitro. We found that NR supplementation alleviated malignancy-induced weight loss and metastasis to lung in nude mice in both subcutaneous xenograft and hematogenous metastasis models. NR supplementation decreased metastasis to the bone and liver in the hematogenous metastasis model. NR supplementation also significantly decreased the size of allografted tumors and extended the survival time in C57BL/6J mice. In vitro experiments showed that NR intervention inhibited the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells triggered by TGF-β. In summary, our results supply evidence that boosting NAD levels by supplementing NR alleviates HCC progression and metastasis, which may serve as an effective treatment for the suppression of HCC progression.
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Xiao W, Chen Y, Wang C. Quantitative Chemoproteomic Methods for Reactive Cysteinome Profiling. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weidi Xiao
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University 100871 Peking China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ying Chen
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University 100871 Peking China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Chu Wang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University 100871 Peking China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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Qin S, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Luo Y, Weng N, Li B, Tang Y, Zhou L, Jiang J, Lu Y, Shao J, Xie N, Nice EC, Chen ZS, Zhang J, Huang C. CCT251545 enhances drug delivery and potentiates chemotherapy in multidrug-resistant cancers by Rac1-mediated macropinocytosis. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 66:100906. [PMID: 36565657 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
It was well known that P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) is a master regulator of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancers. However, the clinical benefit from blocking this pathway remains inconclusive, which motivates a paradigm shift towards alternative strategies for enhancing drug influx. Using a patient-derived organoid (PDO)-based drug screening platform, we report that the combined use of chemotherapy and CCT251545 (CCT) displays robust synergistic effect against PDOs and reduces proliferation of MDR cancer cells in vitro, and results in regression of xenograft tumors, reductions in metastatic dissemination and recurrence rate in vivo. The synergistic activity mediated by CCT can be mainly attributed to the intense uptake of chemotherapeutic agents into the cells, accompanied by alterations in cell phenotypes defined as a mesenchymal epithelial transformation (MET). Mechanistically, analysis of the transcriptome coupled with validation in cellular and animal models demonstrate that the chemosensitizing effect of CCT is profoundly affected by Rac1-dependent macropinocytosis. Furthermore, CCT binds to NAMPT directly, resulting in elevated NAD levels within MDR cancer cells. This effect promotes the assembly of adherents junction (AJ) components with cytoskeleton, which is required for continuous induction of macropinocytosis and consequent drug internalization. Overall, our results illustrate the potential use of CCT as a combination partner for the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs in the management of MDR cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yinheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ningna Weng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongquan Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jichun Shao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
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7
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Ma Y, Yi M, Wang W, Liu X, Wang Q, Liu C, Chen Y, Deng H. Oxidative degradation of dihydrofolate reductase increases CD38-mediated ferroptosis susceptibility. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:944. [PMID: 36351893 PMCID: PMC9646779 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High expression of CD38 in tissues is a characteristic of aging, resulting in a decline in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and increasing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, whether CD38 increases susceptibility to ferroptosis remains largely unexplored. Our previous study showed that CD38 overexpression decreased dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). In the present study, we confirmed that high expression of CD38 increased ROS levels and induced DHFR degradation, which was prevented by nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) replenishment. We further revealed that ROS-mediated sulfonation on Cys7 of DHFR induced its degradation via the autophagy and non-canonical proteasome pathways. Mutation of Cys7 to alanine abolished ROS-induced DHFR degradation. Moreover, oxidative degradation of DHFR was responsible for the increased ferroptosis susceptibility of cells in which CD38 was highly expressed. We also found that CD38 expression was higher in bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from aged mice than those from young mice, while the DHFR level was lower. Consequently, we demonstrated that BMDMs from aged mice were more susceptible to ferroptosis that can be reverted by NMN replenishment, suggesting that CD38 high expression rendered cells more susceptible to ferroptosis. Taken together, these results indicated that CD38-mediated NAD+ decline promoted DHFR oxidative degradation, thus resulting in increased cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis and suggesting that NMN replenishment may protect macrophages from ferroptosis in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ma
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Meiqi Yi
- grid.459355.b0000 0004 6014 2908BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Qingtao Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100043 Beijing, China
| | - Chongdong Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100043 Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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Yang C, Wang T, Zhu S, Zong Z, Luo C, Zhao Y, Liu J, Li T, Liu X, Liu C, Deng H. Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase Remodeled Cell Metabolism and Aggravated Proinflammatory Responses by Activating STAT3/IL1β/PGE 2 Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37509-37519. [PMID: 36312432 PMCID: PMC9607676 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a cytosolic methyltransferase, catalyzing N-methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) to form 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNAM), in which S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) is the methyl donor. It has been well documented that NNMT is elevated in multiple cancers and promotes tumor aggressiveness. In the present study, we investigated the effects of NNMT overexpression on cellular metabolism and proinflammatory responses. We found that NNMT overexpression reduced NAD+ and SAM levels, and activated the STAT3 signaling pathway. Consequently, STAT3 activation upregulated interleukin 1β (IL1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), leading to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) accumulation. On the other hand, NNMT downregulated 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) which catalyzes PGE2 into inactive molecules. Moreover, secretomic data indicated that NNMT promoted secretion of collagens, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and extracellular matrix proteins, confirming NNMT aggravated inflammatory responses to promote cell growth, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and chemoresistance. Taken together, we showed that NNMT played a pro-inflammatory role in cancer cells by activating the STAT3/IL1β/PGE2 axis and proposed that NNMT was a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmei Yang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Songbiao Zhu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyun Zong
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chengting Luo
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yujiao Zhao
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ting Li
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chongdong Liu
- Chao
Yang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P. R. China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic
Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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9
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Fan L, Li Y, Zhang X, Wu Y, Song Y, Zhang F, Zhang J, Sun H. Time-resolved proteome and transcriptome of paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2022; 75:102145. [PMID: 35817254 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2022.102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a pathological state presenting at the progressive stage of heterogeneous interstitial lung disease (ILD). The current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved is incomplete. This clinical toxicology study focused on the pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat (PQ), a widely-used herbicide. Using proteo-transcriptome analysis, we identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) derived from the initial development of fibrosis to the dissolved stage and provided further functional analysis. METHODS We established a mouse model of progressive lung fibrosis via intratracheal instillation of paraquat. To acquire a comprehensive and unbiased understanding of the onset of pulmonary fibrosis, we performed time-series proteomics profiling (iTRAQ) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) on lung samples from paraquat-treated mice and saline control. The biological functions and pathways involved were evaluated through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway analysis. Correlation tests were conducted on comparable groups 7 days and 28 days post-exposure. Differentially expressed proteins and genes following the same trend on the protein and mRNA levels were selected for validation. The functions of the selected molecules were identified in vitro. The protein level was overexpressed by transfecting gene-containing plasmid or suppressed by transfecting specific siRNA in A549 cells. The levels of endothlial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, including E-cadherin, vimentin, FN1, and α-SMA, were determined via western blot to evaluate the fibrotic process. RESULTS We quantified 1358 DEPs on day 7 and 426 DEPs on day 28 post exposure (Fold change >1.2; Q value < 0.05). The top 5 pathways - drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, complement and coagulation cascades, chemical carcinogenesis, protein digestion and absorption - were involved on both day 7 and day 28. Several pathways, including tight junction, focal adhesion, platelet activation, and ECM-receptor interaction, were more enriched on day 28 than on day 7. Integrative analysis of the proteome and transcriptome revealed a moderate correlation of quantitative protein abundance ratios with RNA abundance ratios (Spearman R = 0.3950 and 0.2477 on days 7 and 28, respectively), indicating that post-transcriptional regulation plays an important role in lung injury and repair. Western blot identified that the protein expressions of FN1, S100A4, and RBM3 were significantly upregulated while that of CYP1A1, FMO3, and PGDH were significantly downregulated on day 7. All proteins generally recovered to baseline on day 28. qPCR showed the mRNA levels of Fn1, S100a4, Rbm3, Cyp1a1, Fmo3, and Hpgd changed following the same trend as the levels of their respective proteins. Further, in vitro experiments showed that RBM3 was upregulated while PGDH was downregulated in an EMT model established in human lung epithelial A549 cells. RBM3 overexpression and PGDH knockout could both induce EMT in A549 cells. RBM3 knockout or PGDH overexpression had no reverse effect on EMT in A549 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our proteo-transcriptomic study determined the proteins responsible for fibrogenesis and uncovers their dynamic regulation from lung injury to repair, providing new insights for the development of biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fan
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Department of Emergency, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China.
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
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10
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Luo C, Ding W, Yang C, Zhang W, Liu X, Deng H. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Restores Redox Homeostasis via the Sirt3-Nrf2 Axis and Protects Aged Mice from Oxidative Stress-Induced Liver Injury. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1759-1770. [PMID: 35699728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Altered adaptive homeostasis contributes to aging and lifespan regulation. In the present study, to characterize the mechanism of aging in mouse liver, we performed quantitative proteomics and found that the most upregulated proteins were related to the oxidation-reduction process. Further analysis revealed that malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels were increased, while nuclear Nrf2 and downstream genes were significantly increased, indicating that oxidative stress induced Nrf2 activation in aged mouse liver. Importantly, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) administration decreased the oxidative stress and the nuclear Nrf2 and Nrf2 downstream gene levels. Indeed, aged mice treated with NMN improved stress resistance against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury, indicating that NMN restored Nrf2-mediated adaptive homeostasis. Further studies found that NMN increased Sirt3 activities to deacetylate age-associated acetylation at K68 and K122 in Sod2, while its effects on nuclear Nrf2 levels were diminished in Sirt3-deficient mice, suggesting that NMN-enhanced adaptive homeostasis was Sirt3-dependent. Taken together, we demonstrated that Nrf2-regulated adaptive homeostasis was decreased in aged mouse liver and NMN supplementation restored liver redox homeostasis via the Sirt3-Nrf2 axis and protected aged liver from oxidative stress-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengting Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenxi Ding
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changmei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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11
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Ma Y, Zhu S, Yi M, Zhang W, Xue Y, Liu X, Deng H. Profiling Glutathionylome in CD38-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1240-1250. [PMID: 35420434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein S-glutathionylation is an important posttranslational modification that regulates various cellular processes. However, changes in glutathionylome in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial cellular process for embryonic development, wound healing, and carcinoma progression and metastasis, have not been fully characterized. Our previous study revealed that CD38 overexpression decreased cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels and caused cells to undergo EMT. In the present study, we engineered a cell system in which the glutathione synthetase (GS) mutant was expressed that catalyzed the formation of a glutathione analogue from azido-alanine to profile changes of glutathionylome in CD38-overexpressing cells. We identified 1298 glutathionylated proteins and revealed that proteins with changed glutathionylation levels involved in EMT associated pathways including epithelial adherens junction, actin cytoskeleton, and integrin signaling. Moreover, the glutathionylation level of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) was increased in CD38-overexpressing cells. We further demonstrated that glutathionylation of Cys63 residue in 15-PGDH led to decreased enzymatic activity that could promote EMT by increasing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Taken together, these results indicate that the clickable glutathione is an effective probe for glutathionylome profiling, and glutathionylation of 15-PGDH on Cys63 inhibits its enzymatic activity to promote EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Songbiao Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meiqi Yi
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Wang W, Yang C, Wang T, Deng H. Complex roles of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:267. [PMID: 35338115 PMCID: PMC8956669 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is an intracellular methyltransferase, catalyzing the N-methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) to form 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNAM), in which S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) is the methyl donor. High expression of NNMT can alter cellular NAM and SAM levels, which in turn, affects nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent redox reactions and signaling pathways, and remodels cellular epigenetic states. Studies have revealed that NNMT plays critical roles in the occurrence and development of various cancers, and analysis of NNMT expression levels in different cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset indicated that NNMT might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for tumor diagnosis and treatment. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of recent advances on NNMT functions in different tumors and deciphers the complex roles of NNMT in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changmei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Yao J, Zhang Y, Li M, Sun Z, Liu T, Zhao M, Li Z. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals the Promoting Role of Ferroptosis Tendency During Lung Adenocarcinoma EMT Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:822315. [PMID: 35127731 PMCID: PMC8810644 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.822315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ferroptosis are two important processes in biology. In tumor cells, they are intimately linked. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the regulatory connection between EMT and ferroptosis tendency in LUAD epithelial cells. We used Seurat to construct the expression matrix using the GEO dataset GSE131907 and extract epithelial cells. We found a positive correlation between the trends of EMT and ferroptosis tendency. Then we used SCENIC to analyze differentially activated transcription factors and constructed a molecular regulatory directed network by causal inference. Some ferroptosis markers (GPX4, SCP2, CAV1) were found to have strong regulatory effects on EMT. Cell communication networks were constructed by iTALK and implied that Ferro_High_EMT_High cells have a higher expression of SDC1, SDC4, and activation of LGALS9-HARVCR2 pathways. By deconvolution of bulk sequencing, the results of CIBERSORTx showed that the co-occurrence of ferroptosis tendency and EMT may lead to tumor metastasis and non-response to immunotherapy. Our findings showed there is a strong correlation between ferroptosis tendency and EMT. Ferroptosis may have a promotive effect on EMT. High propensities of ferroptosis and EMT may lead to poor prognosis and non-response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuchong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengling Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zuyu Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Liu, ; Mingfang Zhao, ; Zhi Li,
| | - Mingfang Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Liu, ; Mingfang Zhao, ; Zhi Li,
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Liu, ; Mingfang Zhao, ; Zhi Li,
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14
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Sun CC, Zhou ZQ, Yang D, Chen ZL, Zhou YY, Wen W, Feng C, Zheng L, Peng XY, Tang CF. Recent advances in studies of 15-PGDH as a key enzyme for the degradation of prostaglandins. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108176. [PMID: 34655851 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH; encoded by HPGD) is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues and catalyzes the degradation of prostaglandins (PGs; mainly PGE2, PGD2, and PGF2α) in a process mediated by solute carrier organic anion transport protein family member 2A1 (SLCO2A1; also known as PGT, OATP2A1, PHOAR2, or SLC21A2). As a key enzyme, 15-PGDH catalyzes the rapid oxidation of 15-hydroxy-PGs into 15-keto-PGs with lower biological activity. Increasing evidence suggests that 15-PGDH plays a key role in many physiological and pathological processes in mammals and is considered a potential pharmacological target for preventing organ damage, promoting bone marrow graft recovery, and enhancing tissue regeneration. Additionally, results of whole-exome analyses suggest that recessive inheritance of an HPGD mutation is associated with idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Interestingly, as a tumor suppressor, 15-PGDH inhibits proliferation and induces the differentiation of cancer cells (including those associated with colorectal, lung, and breast cancers). Furthermore, a recent study identified 15-PGDH as a marker of aging tissue and a potential novel therapeutic target for resisting the complex pathology of aging-associated diseases. Here, we review and summarise recent information on the molecular functions of 15-PGDH and discuss its pathophysiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
| | - Zuo-Qiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
| | - Zhang-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
| | - Yun-Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
| | - Wei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
| | - Xi-Yang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China.
| | - Chang-Fa Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China.
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15
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Liu J, Zong Z, Zhang W, Chen Y, Wang X, Shen J, Yang C, Liu X, Deng H. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via Decreasing COX-2 Expression in Macrophages. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:702107. [PMID: 34295923 PMCID: PMC8290259 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.702107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation is an important process in controlling infection, but persistent macrophage activation leads to chronic inflammation and diseases, such as tumor progression, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Characterizing metabolic signatures of macrophage activation is important for developing new approaches for macrophage inactivation. Herein, we performed metabolomic analysis on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages and identified the associated changes in metabolites. Notably, the cellular Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ levels were decreased while NADPH was increased, proposing that NAD+ restoration can inhibit macrophage activation. Indeed, supplementation of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) increased cellular NAD+ levels and decreased cytokine productions in LPS-activated cells. Quantitative proteomics identified that nicotinamide mononucleotide downregulated the expressions of LPS-responsive proteins, in which cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was significantly decreased in NMN-treated cells. Consequently, the cellular levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was also decreased, indicating that NMN inactivated macrophages via COX-2-PGE2 pathway, which was validated in activated THP-1 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. In conclusion, the present study identified the metabolic characteristics of activated macrophages and revealed that NMN replenishment is an efficient approach for controlling macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Shenzhen Hope Life Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changmei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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16
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Maculins T, Verschueren E, Hinkle T, Choi M, Chang P, Chalouni C, Rao S, Kwon Y, Lim J, Katakam AK, Kunz RC, Erickson BK, Huang T, Tsai TH, Vitek O, Reichelt M, Senbabaoglu Y, Mckenzie B, Rohde JR, Dikic I, Kirkpatrick DS, Murthy A. Multiplexed proteomics of autophagy-deficient murine macrophages reveals enhanced antimicrobial immunity via the oxidative stress response. eLife 2021; 10:e62320. [PMID: 34085925 PMCID: PMC8177894 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective autophagy is strongly associated with chronic inflammation. Loss-of-function of the core autophagy gene Atg16l1 increases risk for Crohn's disease in part by enhancing innate immunity through myeloid cells such as macrophages. However, autophagy is also recognized as a mechanism for clearance of certain intracellular pathogens. These divergent observations prompted a re-evaluation of ATG16L1 in innate antimicrobial immunity. In this study, we found that loss of Atg16l1 in myeloid cells enhanced the killing of virulent Shigella flexneri (S.flexneri), a clinically relevant enteric bacterium that resides within the cytosol by escaping from membrane-bound compartments. Quantitative multiplexed proteomics of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed that ATG16L1 deficiency significantly upregulated proteins involved in the glutathione-mediated antioxidant response to compensate for elevated oxidative stress, which simultaneously promoted S.flexneri killing. Consistent with this, myeloid-specific deletion of Atg16l1 in mice accelerated bacterial clearance in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacological induction of oxidative stress through suppression of cysteine import enhanced microbial clearance by macrophages. Conversely, antioxidant treatment of macrophages permitted S.flexneri proliferation. These findings demonstrate that control of oxidative stress by ATG16L1 and autophagy regulates antimicrobial immunity against intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timurs Maculins
- Department of Cancer Immunology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Erik Verschueren
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Trent Hinkle
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Meena Choi
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Patrick Chang
- Department of Pathology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Cecile Chalouni
- Department of Pathology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Shilpa Rao
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Youngsu Kwon
- Department of Translational Immunology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Junghyun Lim
- Department of Cancer Immunology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Ting Huang
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Tsung-Heng Tsai
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Kent State UniversityKentUnited States
| | - Olga Vitek
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Mike Reichelt
- Department of Pathology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Yasin Senbabaoglu
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Brent Mckenzie
- Department of Translational Immunology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - John R Rohde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Aditya Murthy
- Interline TherapeuticsSouth San FranciscoUnited States
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17
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Liu Y, Luo C, Li T, Zhang W, Zong Z, Liu X, Deng H. Reduced Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMNH) Potently Enhances NAD + and Suppresses Glycolysis, the TCA Cycle, and Cell Growth. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2596-2606. [PMID: 33793246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Decreased cellular NAD+ levels are causally linked to aging and aging-associated diseases. NAD+ precursors in oxidized form such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) have gained much attention and been well studied for their ability to restore NAD+ levels in model organisms. Less is known about whether NAD+ precursors in reduced form can also efficiently increase the tissue and cellular NAD+ levels and have different effects on cellular processes than NMN or NR. In the present study, we developed a chemical method to produce dihydronicotinamide mononucleotide (NMNH), which is the reduced form of NMN. We demonstrated that NMNH was a better NAD+ enhancer than NMN both in vitro and in vivo, mediated by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT). Additionally, NMNH increased the reduced NAD (NADH) levels in cells and in mouse livers. Metabolomic analysis revealed that NMNH inhibited glycolysis and the TCA cycle. In vitro experiments demonstrated that NMNH induced cell cycle arrest and suppressed cell growth. Nevertheless, NMNH treatment did not cause an observable difference in mouse weight. Taken together, our work demonstrates that NMNH is a potent NAD+ enhancer and suppresses glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chengting Luo
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ting Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,National Center for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,National Center for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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18
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Mahesh G, Anil Kumar K, Reddanna P. Overview on the Discovery and Development of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Should the Focus Be on Synthesis or Degradation of PGE 2? J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:253-263. [PMID: 33568930 PMCID: PMC7868279 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s278514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response that develops against tissue injury and infection. Chronic inflammation, on the other hand, is the key player in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders including cancer. The cytokine storm, an inflammatory response flaring out of control, is mostly responsible for the mortality in COVID-19 patients. Anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit cyclooxygenases (COX), which are involved in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins that promote inflammation. The conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with gastric and renal side-effects, as they inhibit both the constitutive COX-1 and the inducible COX-2. The majority of selective COX-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) are without gastric side-effects but are associated with cardiac side-effects on long-term use. The search for anti-inflammatory drugs without side-effects, therefore, has become a dream and ongoing effort of the Pharma companies. As PGE2 is the key mediator of inflammatory disorders, coming up with a strategy to reduce the levels of PGE2 alone without affecting other metabolites may form a better choice for the development of next generation anti-inflammatory drugs. In this direction the options being explored are on synthesis of PGE2-mPGES-1; PGE2 degradation through a specific PG dehydrogenase, 15-PGDH, and by blocking its activity mediated through a specific PGE receptor, EP4. As leukotrienes formed via the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway also play an important role in the mediation of inflammation, efforts are also being made to target both COX and LOX pathways. This review focuses on addressing the following three points: 1) How NSAIDs and COXIBs are associated with gastric, renal and cardiac side-effects; 2) Should the focus be on the targets upstream or downstream of PGE2; and 3) the status of alternative targets being explored for the discovery and development of anti-inflammatory drugs without side-effects. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/8Uufep6ipBQ
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopa Mahesh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Kotha Anil Kumar
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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19
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Zong Z, Liu J, Wang N, Yang C, Wang Q, Zhang W, Chen Y, Liu X, Deng H. Nicotinamide mononucleotide inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation to prevent liver fibrosis via promoting PGE 2 degradation. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:571-581. [PMID: 33220424 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a reversible wound-healing response to acute or chronic liver injury that can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Finding new strategies for prevention and management of liver fibrosis is urgently needed. It is known that hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is the primary source of extracellular matrix that drives liver fibrosis progression. Herein, we carried out a comprehensive secretome profiling to identify NMN-induced changes in secretory proteins and found that NMN suppressed the secretion of profibrotic protein and oxidoreductase in activated HSC (LX-2) cells, while real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that NMN downregulated profibrotic gene expression, resulting in HSC inactivation. Next, we demonstrated that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) reduced the accumulation of liver extracellular matrix in thioacetamide (TAA) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced mouse models for liver fibrosis. Furthermore, we determined that NMN inhibited oxidation-mediated 15-PGDH degradation to promote prostaglandin E2 degradation and suppress HSC activation. In summary, our results propose that NMN supplementation is a new therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Zong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changmei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingtao Wang
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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20
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Increased prostaglandin-D2 in male STAT3-deficient hearts shifts cardiac progenitor cells from endothelial to white adipocyte differentiation. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000739. [PMID: 33370269 PMCID: PMC7793290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac levels of the signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-3 (STAT3) decline with age, and male but not female mice with a cardiomyocyte-specific STAT3 deficiency conditional knockout (CKO) display premature age-related heart failure associated with reduced cardiac capillary density. In the present study, isolated male and female CKO-cardiomyocytes exhibit increased prostaglandin (PG)-generating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. The PG-degrading hydroxyprostaglandin-dehydrogenase-15 (HPGD) expression is only reduced in male cardiomyocytes, which is associated with increased prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) secretion from isolated male but not female CKO-cardiomyocytes. Reduced HPGD expression in male cardiomyocytes derive from impaired androgen receptor (AR)–signaling due to loss of its cofactor STAT3. Elevated PGD2 secretion in males is associated with increased white adipocyte accumulation in aged male but not female hearts. Adipocyte differentiation is enhanced in isolated stem cell antigen-1 (SCA-1)+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) from young male CKO-mice compared with the adipocyte differentiation of male wild-type (WT)-CPC and CPC isolated from female mice. Epigenetic analysis in freshly isolated male CKO-CPC display hypermethylation in pro-angiogenic genes (Fgfr2, Epas1) and hypomethylation in the white adipocyte differentiation gene Zfp423 associated with up-regulated ZFP423 expression and a shift from endothelial to white adipocyte differentiation compared with WT-CPC. The expression of the histone-methyltransferase EZH2 is reduced in male CKO-CPC compared with male WT-CPC, whereas no differences in the EZH2 expression in female CPC were observed. Clonally expanded CPC can differentiate into endothelial cells or into adipocytes depending on the differentiation conditions. ZFP423 overexpression is sufficient to induce white adipocyte differentiation of clonal CPC. In isolated WT-CPC, PGD2 stimulation reduces the expression of EZH2, thereby up-regulating ZFP423 expression and promoting white adipocyte differentiation. The treatment of young male CKO mice with the COX inhibitor Ibuprofen or the PGD2 receptor (DP)2 receptor antagonist BAY-u 3405 in vivo increased EZH2 expression and reduced ZFP423 expression and adipocyte differentiation in CKO-CPC. Thus, cardiomyocyte STAT3 deficiency leads to age-related and sex-specific cardiac remodeling and failure in part due to sex-specific alterations in PGD2 secretion and subsequent epigenetic impairment of the differentiation potential of CPC. Causally involved is the impaired AR signaling in absence of STAT3, which reduces the expression of the PG-degrading enzyme HPGD. Impaired androgen-receptor-signaling due to STAT3-deficiency promotes increased prostaglandin-D2-secretion from male but not female cardiomyocytes; this induces an epigenetic switch in cardiac progenitor cells from endothelial to white adipocyte differentiation, associated with reduced cardiac capillary density, increased cardiac white fat deposits and heart failure in aged male but not female mice.
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21
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Wnuk A, Stangret A, Wątroba M, Płatek AE, Skoda M, Cendrowski K, Sawicki W, Szukiewicz D. Can adipokine visfatin be a novel marker of pregnancy-related disorders in women with obesity? Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13022. [PMID: 32220005 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become a dangerous disease requiring multiple interventions, treatment and preventions. In women of reproductive age, obesity is one of the most common medical conditions. Among others, obese state is characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation and enhanced oxidative stress. Increased maternal body mass index might amplify inflammation and reactive oxygen species production, which is associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes that affect both mother and child. Intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, or gestational diabetes mellitus are examples of the hampered maternal and foetoplacental unit interactions. Visfatin is the obesity-related adipokine produced mainly by the visceral adipose tissue. Visfatin affects glucose homeostasis, as well as the regulation of genes related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Here, we review visfatin interactions in pregnancy-related disorders linked to obesity. We highlight the possible predictive and prognostic value of visfatin in diagnostic strategies on gravidas with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wnuk
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Stangret
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wątroba
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna E Płatek
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Skoda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Cendrowski
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Sawicki
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Chair and Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Franco-Trepat E, Guillán-Fresco M, Alonso-Pérez A, Jorge-Mora A, Francisco V, Gualillo O, Gómez R. Visfatin Connection: Present and Future in Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081178. [PMID: 31394795 PMCID: PMC6723538 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal pathologies (MSPs) such as osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP), are a set of disorders that cause severe pain, motion difficulties, and even permanent disability. In developed countries, the current incidence of MSPs reaches about one in four adults and keeps escalating as a consequence of aging and sedentarism. Interestingly, OA and OP have been closely related to similar risk factors, including aging, metabolic alterations, and inflammation. Visfatin, an adipokine with an inflammatory and catabolic profile, has been associated with several OA and OP metabolic risk factors, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes. Furthermore, visfatin has been associated with the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which plays a key role in cartilage and bone inflammatory and catabolic responses. Moreover, visfatin has been related to several OA and OP pathologic features. The aim of this work is to bring together basic and clinical data regarding the common role of visfatin in these pathologies and their major shared risk factors. Finally, we discuss the pitfalls of visfatin as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in both pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Franco-Trepat
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Guillán-Fresco
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Alonso-Pérez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Jorge-Mora
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vera Francisco
- Research laboratory 9, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- Research laboratory 9, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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23
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Franco-Trepat E, Alonso-Pérez A, Guillán-Fresco M, Jorge-Mora A, Gualillo O, Gómez-Reino JJ, Gómez Bahamonde R. Visfatin as a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:607-618. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1617274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Franco-Trepat
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Alonso-Pérez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Guillán-Fresco
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Jorge-Mora
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- Research laboratory 9 (NEIRID LAB), Institute of Medical Research, SERGAS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan J. Gómez-Reino
- Rheumatology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez Bahamonde
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Institute IDIS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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24
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Khatami M. Cancer; an induced disease of twentieth century! Induction of tolerance, increased entropy and 'Dark Energy': loss of biorhythms (Anabolism v. Catabolism). Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:20. [PMID: 29961900 PMCID: PMC6026585 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of health involves a synchronized network of catabolic and anabolic signals among organs/tissues/cells that requires differential bioenergetics from mitochondria and glycolysis (biological laws or biorhythms). We defined biological circadian rhythms as Yin (tumoricidal) and Yang (tumorigenic) arms of acute inflammation (effective immunity) involving immune and non-immune systems. Role of pathogens in altering immunity and inducing diseases and cancer has been documented for over a century. However, in 1955s decision makers in cancer/medical establishment allowed public (current baby boomers) to consume million doses of virus-contaminated polio vaccines. The risk of cancer incidence and mortality sharply rose from 5% (rate of hereditary/genetic or innate disease) in 1900s, to its current scary status of 33% or 50% among women and men, respectively. Despite better hygiene, modern detection technologies and discovery of antibiotics, baby boomers and subsequent 2–3 generations are sicker than previous generations at same age. American health status ranks last among other developed nations while America invests highest amount of resources for healthcare. In this perspective we present evidence that cancer is an induced disease of twentieth century, facilitated by a great deception of cancer/medical establishment for huge corporate profits. Unlike popularized opinions that cancer is 100, 200 or 1000 diseases, we demonstrate that cancer is only one disease; the severe disturbances in biorhythms (differential bioenergetics) or loss of balance in Yin and Yang of effective immunity. Cancer projects that are promoted and funded by decision makers are reductionist approaches, wrong and unethical and resulted in loss of millions of precious lives and financial toxicity to society. Public vaccination with pathogen-specific vaccines (e.g., flu, hepatitis, HPV, meningitis, measles) weakens, not promotes, immunity. Results of irresponsible projects on cancer sciences or vaccines are increased population of drug-dependent sick society. Outcome failure rates of claimed ‘targeted’ drugs, ‘precision’ or ‘personalized’ medicine are 90% (± 5) for solid tumors. We demonstrate that aging, frequent exposures to environmental hazards, infections and pathogen-specific vaccines and ingredients are ‘antigen overload’ for immune system, skewing the Yin and Yang response profiles and leading to induction of ‘mild’, ‘moderate’ or ‘severe’ immune disorders. Induction of decoy or pattern recognition receptors (e.g., PRRs), such as IRAK-M or IL-1dRs (‘designer’ molecules) and associated genomic instability and over-expression of growth promoting factors (e.g., pyruvate kinases, mTOR and PI3Ks, histamine, PGE2, VEGF) could lead to immune tolerance, facilitating cancer cells to hijack anabolic machinery of immunity (Yang) for their increased growth requirements. Expression of constituent embryonic factors would negatively regulate differentiation of tumor cells through epithelial–mesenchymal-transition and create “dual negative feedback loop” that influence tissue metabolism under hypoxic conditions. It is further hypothesized that induction of tolerance creates ‘dark energy’ and increased entropy and temperature in cancer microenvironment allowing disorderly cancer proliferation and mitosis along with increased glucose metabolism via Crabtree and Pasteur Effects, under mitophagy and ribophagy, conditions that are toxic to host survival. Effective translational medicine into treatment requires systematic and logical studies of complex interactions of tumor cells with host environment that dictate clinical outcomes. Promoting effective immunity (biological circadian rhythms) are fundamental steps in correcting host differential bioenergetics and controlling cancer growth, preventing or delaying onset of diseases and maintaining public health. The author urges independent professionals and policy makers to take a closer look at cancer dilemma and stop the ‘scientific/medical ponzi schemes’ of a powerful group that control a drug-dependent sick society before all hopes for promoting public health evaporate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Khatami
- Inflammation, Aging and Cancer, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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25
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The prostanoid pathway contains potential prognostic markers for glioblastoma. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 137:52-62. [PMID: 29966699 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Prostanoids derived from the activity of cyclooxygenases and their respective synthases contribute to both active inflammation and immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Their synthesis, deactivation and role in glioma biology have not yet been fully explored and require further study. Using quantitative real time PCR, gas chromatography/ electron impact mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/ electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, we have further characterized the prostanoid pathway in grade IV glioblastoma (GBM). We observed significant correlations between high mRNA expression levels and poor patient survival for microsomal PGE synthase 1 (mPGES1) and prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1). Conversely, high mRNA expression levels for 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-HPGD) were correlated with better patient survival. GBMs had a higher quantity of the prostanoid precursor, arachidonic acid, versus grade II/III tumors and in GBMs a significant positive correlation was found between arachidonic acid and PGE2 content. GBMs also had higher concentrations of TXB2, PGD2, PGE2 and PGF2α versus grade II/III tumors. A significant decrease in survival was detected for high versus low PGE2, PGE2 + PGE2 deactivation products (PGEMs) and PGF2α in GBM patients. Our data show the potential importance of prostanoid metabolism in the progression towards GBM and provide evidence that higher PGE2 and PGF2α concentrations in the tumor are correlated with poorer patient survival. Our findings highlight the potential importance of the enzymes 15-HPGD and PTGR1 as prognostic biomarkers which could be used to predict survival outcome of patients with GBM.
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