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Drahun I, Morrison K, Poole EA, van Herk WG, Cassone BJ. Characterisation of the bacteriomes harboured by major wireworm pest species in the Canadian Prairies. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39381854 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Nearly all insects harbour bacterial communities that can have a profound effect on their life history, including regulating and shaping host metabolism, development, immunity and fitness. The bacteriomes of several coleopterans have been described; however, very little has been reported for wireworms. These long-lived larvae of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are major agricultural pests of a variety of crops grown in the Canadian Prairies. Consequently, the goal of this study was to characterise the bacteriomes of five of the most significant pest species within the region: Limonius californicus, Hypnoidus abbreviatus, H. bicolor, Aeolus mellillus and Dalopius spp. To do this, we collected larvae from southern Manitoba fields (pre-seeding) and carried out 16S rRNA sequencing on individual specimens. Our results indicate wireworms have diverse and taxon-rich bacterial communities, with over 400 genera identified predominately from the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes. However, each species had nine or fewer genera comprising >80% of their bacteriome. Network analyses revealed some community structuring consistent among species, which may culminate in shaping/regulating host biology. Moreover, the microbial signatures were influenced by both ontogeny (early vs. late stage larvae) and reproductive strategy (sexual vs. parthenogenetic), with a myriad of other factors likely contributing to bacterial diversity that are impossible to resolve from our study. Overall, this metagenomics study represents the first to characterise the bacteriomes of wireworms in the Canadian Prairies and the findings could assist in the development of sustainable management strategies for these important agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Drahun
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Keagan Morrison
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Elise A Poole
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Willem G van Herk
- Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bryan J Cassone
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
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Das BK, Chakraborty HJ, Kumar V, Rout AK, Patra B, Das SK, Behera BK. Comparative metagenomic analysis from Sundarbans ecosystems advances our understanding of microbial communities and their functional roles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16218. [PMID: 39003345 PMCID: PMC11246455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The Sundarbans mangrove, located at the mouth of the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers, is the world's largest tidal mangrove forest. These mangroves are also one of the most striking sources of microbial diversity, essential in productivity, conservation, nutrient cycling, and rehabilitation. Hence, the main objective of this study was to use metagenome analysis and provide detailed insight into microbial communities and their functional roles in the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. A comparative analysis was also done with a non-mangrove region of the Sundarbans ecosystem to assess the capability of the environmental parameters to explain the variation in microbial community composition. The study found several dominant bacteria, viz., Alphaproteobacteria, Actinomycetota, Bacilli, Clostridia, Desulfobacterota, Gammaproteobacteria, and Nitrospira, from the mangrove region. The mangrove sampling site reports several salt-tolerant bacteria like Alkalibacillus haloalkaliphilus, Halomonas anticariensis, and Salinivibrio socompensis. We found some probiotic species, viz., Bacillus clausii, Lactobacillus curvatus, Vibrio mediterranei and Vibrio fluvialis, from the Sundarbans mangrove. Nitrifying bacteria in Sundarbans soils were Nitrococcus mobilis, Nitrosococcus oceani, Nitrosomonas halophila, Nitrospirade fluvii, and others. Methanogenic archaea, viz., Methanoculleus marisnigri, Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii, and Methanolacinia petrolearia, were highly abundant in the mangroves as compared to the non-mangrove soils. The identified methanotrophic bacterial species, viz., Methylobacter tundripaludum, Methylococcus capsulatus, Methylophaga thiooxydans, and Methylosarcina lacus are expected to play a significant role in the degradation of methane in mangrove soil. Among the bioremediation bacterial species identified, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas mendocina, Paracoccus denitrificans, and Shewanella putrefaciens play a significant role in the remediation of environmental pollution. Overall, our study shows for the first time that the Sundarbans, the largest mangrove ecosystem in the world, has a wide range of methanogenic archaea, methanotrophs, pathogenic, salt-tolerant, probiotic, nitrifying, and bioremediation bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India.
| | - Hirak Jyoti Chakraborty
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Ajaya Kumar Rout
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Biswanath Patra
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
| | - Bijay Kumar Behera
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700120, India
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3
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Zhang LN, Jiang CH, Si F, Song N, Yang W, Zhu Y, Luo Y, Guo JH. Long-Term Field Application of a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterial Consortium Suppressed Root-Knot Disease by Shaping the Rhizosphere Microbiota. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:94-103. [PMID: 37467122 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-22-2196-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most economically important plant parasitic nematodes, infecting almost all cultivated plants and resulting in severe yield losses every year. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been extensively used to prevent and control root-knot diseases and increase yield. In this study, the effect of a consortium of three PGPR strains (Bacillus cereus AR156, B. subtilis SM21, and Serratia sp. XY21; hereafter "BBS") on root-knot disease of cucumber was evaluated. The application of BBS significantly reduced the severity of root-knot disease by 56 to 72%, increased yield by 36 to 55%, and improved fruit quality by 14 to 90% and soil properties by 1 to 90% relative to the control in the cucumber fields of the Nanjing suburb, Jiangsu Province, from 2015 to 2018. BBS altered the rhizosphere bacterial community. Compared with the control group, it significantly (false discovery rate, P < 0.05) increased the abundance of 14 bacterial genera that were negatively correlated with disease severity. Additionally, the redundancy analysis suggested that BBS-treated rhizosphere soil samples were dominated by disease-suppressive bacteria, including the genera Iamia, Kutzneria, Salinibacterium, Mycobacterium, Kribbella, Pseudonocardia, Sporichthya, Sphaerisporangium, Actinomadura, Flavisolibacter, Phenylobacterium, Bosea, Hyphomicrobium, Agrobacterium, Sphingomonas, and Nannocystis, which were positively related to total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total organic matter, dissolved organic carbon, [Formula: see text]-N, and available phosphorus contents. This suggests that BBS suppresses root-knot nematodes and improves the soil chemical properties of cucumber by altering the rhizosphere microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Chun-Hao Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fangjie Si
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ning Song
- Nanjing Planck Technology and Trade Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Yanze Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuming Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Jian-Hua Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
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Dokuta S, Yadoung S, Jeeno P, Hongjaisee S, Khamnoi P, Manochomphu S, Danmek K, Maitip J, Chuttong B, Hongsibsong S. Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms and Antibiotic Resistance Microorganisms from Beehives Located in Palm, Corn and Longan Plantations, Thailand. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2855. [PMID: 38137999 PMCID: PMC10745485 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the prevalence of microorganisms and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in beehives located on different plantations in Thailand. Seventeen swabs immersed in transport media were utilized for samples from different zones within beehives. Traditional microbial culture-based methods, biochemical tests, MALDI-TOF MS (VITEK® MS, bioMerieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France), and antibiotic drug susceptibility (disk-diffusion) tests were used to detect microorganism and antimicrobial resistance bacteria. The results from 16 beehive swabs found Gram-positive bacteria at 59.5%, Gram-negative bacteria at 35.1%, and fungi (yeast) at 5.4%. These organisms are classified as 11, 11, and 2 types of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi (yeast), respectively. Furthermore, no organism showed resistance to vancomycin or cefoxitin for antibiotic drug susceptibility testing. In contrast, all Acinetobacter spp. were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, imipenem, and meropenem, except for Acinetobacter schindleri, which was resistant to ceftazidime and cefotaxime. For other organisms, due to the limitations of tests to identify some environmental microbial species, the antimicrobial susceptibility test results cannot be interpreted as resistant or susceptible to the drug for these organisms. The study's findings will support prevention, healthcare services, and public health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirikwan Dokuta
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.D.); (P.J.); (S.H.)
| | - Sumed Yadoung
- Environmental Sciences Program, Faculty of Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Peerapong Jeeno
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.D.); (P.J.); (S.H.)
| | - Sayamon Hongjaisee
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.D.); (P.J.); (S.H.)
| | - Phadungkiat Khamnoi
- Microbiology Unit, Diagnostic Laboratory, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Sirinya Manochomphu
- Microbiology Unit, Diagnostic Laboratory, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Khanchai Danmek
- School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | - Jakkrawut Maitip
- Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, Rayong Campus, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bankhai 21120, Thailand;
| | - Bajaree Chuttong
- Meliponini and Apini Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.D.); (P.J.); (S.H.)
- Environmental Sciences Program, Faculty of Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Environmental, Occupational Health Sciences and NCD Center of Excellence, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Shi J, Jiang J, Chen Q, Wang L, Nian K, Long T. Production of higher toxic intermediates of organic pollutants during chemical oxidation processes: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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Abbas Y, Ajmal M, Mustafa MF, Stegmann R, Shao Y, Lu W. Advanced remediation of pyrene contaminated soil by double dielectric barrier discharge (DDBD) plasma and subsequent composting process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135255. [PMID: 35688191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to increasing industrialization, soils are increasingly contaminated by polycyclic aromatics such as pyrene and need gentle treatment to keep the soil functioning. This study applied a double dielectric barrier discharge (DDBD) plasma reactor and composting reactor to remediate pyrene-contaminated soil. The effect of peak-to-peak applied voltages on the remediation efficiency of pyrene was investigated. The experimental results illustrate that pyrene remediation efficiency increased from 43% to 85% when the peak-to-peak applied voltage was increased from 28.0 to 35.8 kV. When using the combined method of DDBD and composting, 90-99% of pyrene could be removed, while a reduction of 76.5% was achieved using only composting, indicating the superiority of the combined system. Moreover, the authors could demonstrate that DDBD plasma treatment improves humification in the post-composting process as humic acid (HA) concentrations increased to 7.7 mg/g with an applied voltage of 35.8 kV; when composting was used as the sole treatment method, only 3.4 mg/g HA were produced. The microbial activity in the DDBD plasma-treated soil peaked on the 5th day and had a 2nd rise afterwards. The authors demonstrate that the combined technology of DDBD plasma and composting is a promising method for soil remediation with persistent organic pollutants. This treatment approach improves pollutant degradation efficiency and facilitates further humification, potentially restoring the function of contaminated soil. This approach could be considered a cost-effective and green strategy for soil remediation with persistent organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawar Abbas
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Environmental Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Muhammad Farooq Mustafa
- Department of Environmental Design, Health & Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rainer Stegmann
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yuchao Shao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Mkhondwane ST, Pullabhotla VSR. Cyclohexane oxidation using advanced oxidation processes with metals and metal oxides as catalysts: a review. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Selective oxidation of cyclohexane has gained substantial interest in the field of research due to the prominence of its products in industrial processes. Particularly, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) constitute a positive technology for the oxidation of cyclohexane owing to their high oxidation potentials and environmental benign properties. This review entails to address the progress made in advanced oxidation of cyclohexane over nanostructured metals and metal oxides catalysts. The main focus is directed toward the photocatalysis, Fenton oxidation and ozonation as advanced oxidation processes. Mainly, the fundamental principles, prime factors of the AOPs in conjunction with metal and metal oxide catalysts and the mechanistic insight toward the oxidation of cyclohexane are highlighted. The affirmative effects of the metals and metal oxide catalysts mainly focusing on particle size, structure and elemental composition is stressed. Lastly, the advantages and disadvantages of the AOPs and the strategic approaches to counter the disadvantages are also clearly elucidated.
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Annamalai S, Septian A, Choi J, Shin WS. Remediation of phenol contaminated soil using persulfate activated by ball-milled colloidal activated carbon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114709. [PMID: 35219205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of phenolic compounds through persulfate (PS) activation is a valuable approach for soil/groundwater remediation. Several reports have been made related to PS activation and contaminant degradation using carbo-catalysts; however, there is no detailed study on soil remediation by colloidal activated carbon. This study demonstrates the phenol (PhOH) degradation efficiency in spiked and field-contaminated soils by a novel and low-cost ball-milled colloidal activated carbon (CACBM) catalyst. The CACBM/PS system exhibited outstanding degradation performance for PhOH in both spiked and field-contaminated soils. Optimum condition for degradation of 5.63 mmol PhOH kg soil-1 was achieved at 2.5 mg CACBM g soil-1, 5 mM PS, and a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 at 25 °C in the wide pH range of 3-11. Radical scavenger experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy revealed that both radical (•OH and SO4•-) and non-radical (1O2) species were involved in the CACBM/PS system. PhOH degradation in soil phase followed several degradation pathways, resulting in various intermediate byproducts such as acetic acid, maleic acid, p-benzoquinone, fumaric acid, and ferulic acid as analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS). The CACBM/PS system showed a promising potential in the remediation of organic-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasankar Annamalai
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ardie Septian
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sik Shin
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang B, Ma L, Zhang Y, Qi K, Li C, Qi J. Impact of ozonated water disinfestation on soil fungal community composition in continuous ginger field. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266619. [PMID: 35390087 PMCID: PMC8989316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the impact of ozonated water (OW) disinfestation on soil fungal community composition in continuous ginger field. All soil samples were collected in continuous ginger field. There were two groups and 5 time points (0, 1, 3, 5, 9 day) in our study, including OW disinfestation treatment group (O3 group) and control group (CK group). Via internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and further analysis, the changes of fungal community composition were determined. As a result, at 0 and 9 days after aeration, the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in O3 group were significantly higher than that in CK group. Compared with the CK group, in O3 group: the ACE and Chao1 index significantly increased on day 1, and the Shannon index significantly decreased while Simpson index significantly increased on day 0 after aeration. In O3 group, there were dynamic changes of top 10 abundance fungi from the genus-level and the growth of Trichoderma and Rhodotorula had been promoted while Hannaella was inhibited. In conclusion, OW disinfestation had complicated impacts on fungal communities in continuous ginger fields. The growth of Trichoderma and Rhodotorula has been promoted during disinfestation, which provided more reference information for soil OW disinfestation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Liguo Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yueli Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Kai Qi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Changsong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Junshan Qi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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Sacko O, Engle NL, Tschaplinski TJ, Kumar S, Lee JW. Ozonized biochar filtrate effects on the growth of Pseudomonas putida and cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:2. [PMID: 38647802 PMCID: PMC10991886 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biochar ozonization was previously shown to dramatically increase its cation exchange capacity, thus improving its nutrient retention capacity. The potential soil application of ozonized biochar warrants the need for a toxicity study that investigates its effects on microorganisms. RESULTS In the study presented here, we found that the filtrates collected from ozonized pine 400 biochar and ozonized rogue biochar did not have any inhibitory effects on the soil environmental bacteria Pseudomonas putida, even at high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of 300 ppm. However, the growth of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 was inhibited by the ozonized biochar filtrates at DOC concentrations greater than 75 ppm. Further tests showed the presence of some potential inhibitory compounds (terephthalic acid and p-toluic acid) in the filtrate of non-ozonized pine 400 biochar; these compounds were greatly reduced upon wet-ozonization of the biochar material. Nutrient detection tests also showed that dry-ozonization of rogue biochar enhanced the availability of nitrate and phosphate in its filtrate, a property that may be desirable for soil application. CONCLUSION Ozonized biochar substances can support soil environmental bacterium Pseudomonas putida growth, since ozonization detoxifies the potential inhibitory aromatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Sacko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Nancy L Engle
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | | | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - James Weifu Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA.
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Caniani D, Caivano M, Mazzone G, Masi S, Mancini IM. Effect of site-specific conditions and operating parameters on the removal efficiency of petroleum-originating pollutants by using ozonation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149393. [PMID: 34426347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination is a worldwide problem, mainly caused by a wide range of organic compounds: e.g., alkanes, aromatics, and polynuclear aromatics. Using ozone to help remediate contaminated soils is gaining interest due to its capability in oxidizing recalcitrant contaminants in short application time., although studies using ozonation for soil remediation are so far limited to the laboratory scale. This review attempts to summarize and discuss the state of the art in the treatment of soils contaminated with recalcitrant organic contaminants by using ozone, emphasizing the influence of operating conditions, such as the content and age of soil organic matter, grain size, moisture content, pH, and ozone dose. Special attention is given to the combination of ozonation and biodegradation. The main advantages in using ozonation as a remediation technique are its high oxidation potential applicable to a wide range of organic pollutants and its oxygen release after chemical decomposition that allow aerobic biodegradation. The review results show that ozonated soils can be reused after ozonation treatment, therefore ozonation can be considered an excellent remediation technique, even if combined with biodegradation, allowing removal percentages of 90% and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Caniani
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano n. 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Marianna Caivano
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano n. 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mazzone
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano n. 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Salvatore Masi
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano n. 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Ignazio M Mancini
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano n. 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Bai J, Huo Y, Hu X, Lü A, Sun J. Characterization of Pathogenic Pseudomonas alcaligenes Isolated from Koi Carp in China. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2021; 33:243-251. [PMID: 34327768 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas alcaligenes infection is rare in aquaculture. In this study, we provide the first report on the characterization of P. alcaligenes from koi (a variant of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio) in China. A gram-negative bacterium was isolated from the diseased koi and was named KCP-516. Morphological and biochemical tests as well as phylogenetic tree analyses derived from 16S ribosomal RNA, gyrase subunit A, and gyrase subunit B gene sequencing all strongly indicated that the isolate KCP-516 was P. alcaligenes. In liquid medium, the optimal growth conditions were 25°C, 2.5% NaCl, and pH 8. The pathogenicity of the isolate was demonstrated in koi, with 7.0 × 104 CFU/g fish weight identified as the dose lethal to 50% of test fish. The results will provide a scientific reference for the diagnosis and treatment of P. alcaligenes infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yian Huo
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiucai Hu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Aijun Lü
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
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The Rhizobacterium Pseudomonas alcaligenes AVO110 Induces the Expression of Biofilm-Related Genes in Response to Rosellinia necatrix Exudates. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071388. [PMID: 34202389 PMCID: PMC8304167 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizobacterium Pseudomonas alcaligenes AVO110 exhibits antagonism toward the phytopathogenic fungus Rosellinia necatrix. This strain efficiently colonizes R. necatrix hyphae and is able to feed on their exudates. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of P. alcaligenes AVO110. The phylogeny of all available P. alcaligenes genomes separates environmental isolates, including AVO110, from those obtained from infected human blood and oyster tissues, which cluster together with Pseudomonas otitidis. Core and pan-genome analyses showed that P. alcaligenes strains encode highly heterogenic gene pools, with the AVO110 genome encoding the largest and most exclusive variable region (~1.6 Mb, 1795 genes). The AVO110 singletons include a wide repertoire of genes related to biofilm formation, several of which are transcriptionally modulated by R. necatrix exudates. One of these genes (cmpA) encodes a GGDEF/EAL domain protein specific to Pseudomonas spp. strains isolated primarily from the rhizosphere of diverse plants, but also from soil and water samples. We also show that CmpA has a role in biofilm formation and that the integrity of its EAL domain is involved in this function. This study contributes to a better understanding of the niche-specific adaptations and lifestyles of P. alcaligenes, including the mycophagous behavior of strain AVO110.
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Yuan B, Wu W, Guo M, Zhou X, Xie S. Spatial-temporal dynamics and influencing factors of archaeal communities in the sediments of Lancang River cascade reservoirs (LRCR), China. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253233. [PMID: 34129622 PMCID: PMC8205147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial and temporal distribution of the archaeal community and its driving factors in the sediments of large-scale regulated rivers, especially in rivers with cascade hydropower development rivers, remain poorly understood. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA archaeal gene were used to comprehensively investigate the spatiotemporal diversity and structure of archaeal community in the sediments of the Lancang River cascade reservoirs (LRCR). The archaeal abundance ranged from 5.11×104 to 1.03×106 16S rRNA gene copies per gram dry sediment and presented no temporal variation. The richness, diversity, and community structure of the archaeal community illustrated a drastic spatial change. Thaumarchaeota and Euryyarchaeota were the dominant archaeal phyla in the sediments of the cascade rivers, and Bathyarchaeota was also an advantage in the sediments. PICRUSt metabolic inference analysis revealed a growing number of genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism and carbon and nitrogen metabolism in downstream reservoirs, indicating that anthropogenic pollution discharges might act as the dominant selective force to alter the archaeal communities. Nitrate and C/N ratio were found to play important roles in the formation of the archaeal community composition. In addition, the sediment archaeal community structure was also closely related to the age of the cascade reservoir and hydraulic retention time (HRT). This finding indicates that the engineering factors of the reservoir might be the greatest contributor to the archaeal community structure in the LRCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengjing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaode Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuguang Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Aluthgun Hewage S, Batagoda JH, Meegoda JN. Remediation of contaminated sediments containing both organic and inorganic chemicals using ultrasound and ozone nanobubbles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116538. [PMID: 33540254 DOI: 10.1089/ees.2019.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Most river sediments are contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants and cause significant environmental damage and health risks. This research is evaluated an in-situ sediment remediation method using ultrasound and ozone nanobubbles to remove organic and inorganic chemicals in contaminated sediments. Contaminated sediment is prepared by mixing synthetic fine sediment with an organic (p-terphenyl) and an inorganic chemical (chromium). The prepared contaminated sediment is treated with ultrasound and ozone nanobubbles under different operating conditions. For the samples with the maximum initial concentration of 4211 mg/kg Cr and 1875 mg/kg p-terphenyl, average removal efficiencies are 71% and 60%, respectively, with 240 min of sonication with 2-min pulses, whereas 97.5% and 91.5% removal efficiencies are obtained for the same, respectively, as a single contaminant in the sediment. For the same maximum concentrations, the highest removal of p-terphenyl is 82.7% with 127.2 J/ml high energy density, and for Cr, it is 77.1% using the highest number of the treatment cycle and ozone usage with 78.75/ml energy density. The Cr highest removal efficiency of 87.2% is recorded with the reduced initial concentration of 1227 mg/kg with the highest treatment cycles. The Cr removal efficiency depends on the availability of oxidizing agents and the number of washing cycles of sediments, whereas P-terphenyl degradation is most likely influenced by the combined effects of oxidation and ultrasound-assisted pyrolysis and combustion of organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaini Aluthgun Hewage
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - Janitha H Batagoda
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - Jay N Meegoda
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States.
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Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas saudiphocaensis Strain AGROB56, Isolated from a Dairy Farm in New Zealand. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:10/1/e01258-20. [PMID: 33414345 PMCID: PMC8407721 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01258-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a new Pseudomonas saudiphocaensis strain, AGROB56, with lipolytic potential, isolated from a sheep dairy farm in New Zealand. The genome is 3.61 Mbp, with a GC content of 61.1%, and the genome sequence was found closely related to Pseudomonas saudiphocaensis 20 BNT Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a new Pseudomonas saudiphocaensis strain, AGROB56, with lipolytic potential, isolated from a sheep dairy farm in New Zealand. The genome is 3.61 Mbp, with a GC content of 61.1%, and the genome sequence was found closely related to Pseudomonas saudiphocaensis 20 BNT.
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Li S, Zhang Y, Yin S, Wang X, Liu T, Deng Z. Analysis of microbial community structure and degradation of ammonia nitrogen in groundwater in cold regions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44137-44147. [PMID: 32754885 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10318-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution exceeding the standard because of intensive farming and cropping systems has been a widespread problem in Northeast China. This study investigated the characteristics of functional microorganisms in groundwater in the Bang River farming area. Metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze microbial community structures and Canoco was applied to reveal the response relationship between the microbial community and water environmental factors and to identify changes in the microbial population in response to the addition of electronic donors NH4+-N, NO2--N, and NO3--N. The results showed that the dominant microorganisms in groundwater belong to the genera Exiguobacterium, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas, which accounted for more than 40% of the total microbes in the study area. When combined with the results of a water chemical factor test, the dominant bacteria were found to be correlated with Fe2+, Mn2+, NH4+, NO3-, NO2-, HCO3-, DOC, and pH in the water. However, the microbial population changed after the addition of the electron donor, with the genera Pseudomonas, Serratia, Enterobacter, Azomonas, and Ewingella accounting for 97.06% of the total sequences. Indigenous nitrogen-degrading bacteria suitable for low temperature, low oxygen, and oligotrophic groundwater were screened out. The total removal efficiency of NH4+-N, NO2--N, and NO3--N in 120 h was 90.83%, 75.04%, and 73.35%, respectively. According to the experimental results, the degradation reaction kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order equation. The results presented herein provide an important scientific basis for the microbial remediation of groundwater contaminated by ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Siqi Yin
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqun Deng
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
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Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas nitrititolerans Strain AGROB37, Isolated from a Sheep Dairy Farm in New Zealand. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/28/e00564-20. [PMID: 32646906 PMCID: PMC7348024 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00564-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the draft genome sequence of a new Pseudomonas nitrititolerans strain, AGROB37, isolated from a sheep dairy farm environment in New Zealand. The genome is 4.19 Mbp long, with a GC content of 63.2%. The genome sequence was found to be closely related to that of the type strain Pseudomonas nitrititolerans GL14. We report the draft genome sequence of a new Pseudomonas nitrititolerans strain, AGROB37, isolated from a sheep dairy farm environment in New Zealand. The genome is 4.19 Mbp long, with a GC content of 63.2%. The genome sequence was found to be closely related to that of the type strain Pseudomonas nitrititolerans GL14.
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Cai P, Ning Z, Liu Y, He Z, Shi J, Niu M. Diagnosing bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil and related geochemical processes at the field scale through microbial community and functional genes. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Bioremediation is widely considered the most desirable procedure for remediation of oil-contaminated soil. Few studies have focused on the relationships among microbial community, functional genes of biodegradation, and geochemical processes during field bioremediation, which provide crucial information for bioremediation.
Methods
In the current study, the microbial community and functional genes related to hydrocarbon and nitrogen metabolism, combined with the soil physico-chemical properties, were used to diagnose a set of bioremediation experiments, including bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and phytoremediation, at the field scale.
Result
The results showed that the added nutrients stimulated a variety of microorganisms, including hydrocarbon degradation bacteria and nitrogen metabolism microorganisms. The functional genes reflected the possibility of aerobic denitrification in the field, which may be helpful in biodegradation. Biostimulation was found to be the most suitable of the studied bioremediation methods in the field.
Conclusion
We offer a feasible approach to obtain useful bioremediation information and assist with the development of appropriate remediation procedures. The findings improve our knowledge of the interactions between microorganisms and edaphic parameters.
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Tarhriz V, Nouioui I, Spröer C, Verbarg S, Ebrahimi V, Cortés-Albayay C, Schumann P, Hejazi MA, Klenk HP, Hejazi MS. Pseudomonas khazarica sp. nov., a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from Khazar Sea sediments. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 113:521-532. [PMID: 31768782 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel Gram-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium with the potential to biodegrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was isolated from Khazar (Caspian) Sea. Strain TBZ2T grows in the absence of NaCl and tolerates up to 8.5% NaCl. Growth occurred at pH 3.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-7.0) and 10-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C). The major fatty acids are C18:1ω7C, C16:1ω7C/ C15:0 iso 2-OH, C16:0, C12:0, C10:0 3-OH, C12:0 3-OH. The major polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and the predominant respiratory quinone is ubiquinone Q-9. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain TBZ2T is a member of the genus Pseudomonas with the highest similarity to P. oleovorans subsp. oleovorans DSM 1045T (98.83%), P. mendocina NBRC 14162T (98.63%), P. oleovorans subsp. lubricantis RS1T (98.61%) and P. alcaliphila JCM 10630T (98.49%) based on EzBioCloud server. Phylogenetic analyses using housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, rpoD, gyrB and rpoB) and genome sequences demonstrated that the strain TBZ2T formed a distinct branch closely related to the type strains of P. mendocina and P. guguanensis. Digital DNA-DNA hybridisation and average nucleotide identity values between strain TBZ2T and its closest relatives, P. mendocina NBRC 14162T (25.3%, 81.5%) and P. guguanensis JCM 18146T (26.8%, 79.0%), rate well below the designed threshold for assigning prokaryotic strains to the same species. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phylogenetic results, it is recommended that strain TBZ2T is a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas khazarica sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is TBZ2T (= LMG 29674T = KCTC 52410T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Imen Nouioui
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Susanne Verbarg
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Vida Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Carlos Cortés-Albayay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Mohammad Amin Hejazi
- Branch for the Northwest and West Region, Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hans-Peter Klenk
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- School of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Safari M, Yakhchali B, Shariati J V. Comprehensive genomic analysis of an indigenous Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes degrading phenolic compounds. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12736. [PMID: 31484962 PMCID: PMC6726644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental contamination with aromatic compounds is a universal challenge. Aromatic-degrading microorganisms isolated from the same or similar polluted environments seem to be more suitable for bioremediation. Moreover, microorganisms adapted to contaminated environments are able to use toxic compounds as the sole sources of carbon and energy. An indigenous strain of Pseudomonas, isolated from the Mahshahr Petrochemical plant in the Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran, was studied genetically. It was characterized as a novel Gram-negative, aerobic, halotolerant, rod-shaped bacterium designated Pseudomonas YKJ, which was resistant to chloramphenicol and ampicillin. Genome of the strain was completely sequenced using Illumina technology to identify its genetic characteristics. MLST analysis revealed that the YKJ strain belongs to the genus Pseudomonas indicating the highest sequence similarity with Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain CECT 5344 (99% identity). Core- and pan-genome analysis indicated that P. pseudoalcaligenes contains 1,671 core and 3,935 unique genes for coding DNA sequences. The metabolic and degradation pathways for aromatic pollutants were investigated using the NCBI and KEGG databases. Genomic and experimental analyses showed that the YKJ strain is able to degrade certain aromatic compounds including bisphenol A, phenol, benzoate, styrene, xylene, benzene and chlorobenzene. Moreover, antibiotic resistance and chemotaxis properties of the YKJ strain were found to be controlled by two-component regulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Safari
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, I. R., Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nour Danesh Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan Province, Meymeh, Danesh Blvd, I. R, Iran
| | - Bagher Yakhchali
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, I. R., Iran.
| | - Vahid Shariati J
- Department of Plant Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, I. R., Iran
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Villela HDM, Peixoto RS, Soriano AU, Carmo FL. Microbial bioremediation of oil contaminated seawater: A survey of patent deposits and the characterization of the top genera applied. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:743-758. [PMID: 30812008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum has been the world's major source of energy since the middle of the twentieth century, leading to positive changes but also social, political, and environmental problems worldwide. Oil contamination affects all ecosystems, and the remediation of polluted sites using environmentally friendly strategies is crucial. Here, we report an analysis of the patent documents of potential petroleum bioremediation techniques that use microbes to clean seawater. The patent search was performed using Orbit Intelligence®, SciFinder® and the Derwent World Patents Index®. A group of 500 patent documents were validated according to the search objective and carefully studied. Increases in patent deposits coincide with periods following widely reported oil spills, suggesting a relationship between media disclosure and stimulation of innovation activities. China leads the list of countries with patent applications in bioremediation with 152 deposits, followed by Russia with 133 and the US with 48. These three countries have completely different temporal deposit profiles, influenced by their historical, political, and economic scenarios. A total of 368 patents described degradation of the oil compounds exclusively by bacteria, 24 by fungi and yeasts, 1 by Archaea, 1 using a microalgal strain, and 32 by mixed consortia. The leading microbial genera found in the patents are Pseudomonas (114 patents), Bacillus (75), and Rhodococcus (60). In the top-10 list of microbial strains mostly cited/claimed, no genera are obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. This fact, together with the broad pattern found in the main International Patent Classification (IPC) codes, suggest that most of the documents are general bioremediation approaches and not focused on oil-polluted seawater. This work highlights the importance of stimulating the development of innovative environmentally friendly strategies focused on the degradation of oil hydrocarbons in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena D M Villela
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS, Bl E, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Raquel S Peixoto
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS, Bl E, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; IMAM-AquaRio - Rio Marine Aquarium Research Center, Praça Muhammad Ali, Gambôa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20220-360, Brazil
| | - Adriana U Soriano
- Leopoldo A. Miguez de Mello Research and Development Center, CENPES, PETROBRAS - Petroleo Brasileiro S. A, CENPES, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Flavia L Carmo
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS, Bl E, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; Innovation Agency UFRJ, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. R. Hélio de Almeida, s/n - Incubadora de Empresas - Prédio 2 (salas 25 a 29), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-614, Brazil
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Song Y, Wang Y, Mao G, Gao G, Wang Y. Impact of planktonic low nucleic acid-content bacteria to bacterial community structure and associated ecological functions in a shallow lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:868-878. [PMID: 30678021 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 0.45 μm filtration, flow cytometric fingerprint, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and bioinformation tools were adopted to analyze the structural diversity and potential functions of planktonic low nucleic acid (LNA)- content bacteria in a shallow lake. Three bacterial groups, namely, "LNA," "high nucleic acid (HNA)-Small," and "HNA-Large," were classified through flow cytometric fingerprint, among which the "HNA-Small" group was possibly in the proliferation stage of the "LNA" group. Total nitrogen and phosphate were the key factors that influence the growth of LNA bacteria. Results of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that LNA bacteria were phylogenetically less diverse than HNA bacteria, and Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria (especially Gamma-Proteobacteria) were the dominant phyla in LNA bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Accordingly, hgcI_clade and Pseudomonas were the most abundant bacterial genera in LNA bacterial OTUs. The fraction of low-abundance LNA bacteria was sensitive to several environmental factors, indicating that environmental factors only determined the fraction distribution of low-abundance bacteria. The prediction of metabolic and ecological functions showed that LNA and HNA bacteria had distinct metabolic and ecological functions, which were mainly attributed to the dominant and exclusive bacterial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Song
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guannan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guanghai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Qiu Y, Xu M, Sun Z, Li H. Remediation of PAH-Contaminated Soil by Combining Surfactant Enhanced Soil Washing and Iron-Activated Persulfate Oxidation Process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030441. [PMID: 30717404 PMCID: PMC6388178 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing concern regarding soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In the present study, the remediation of soil spiked with PAHs was explored by the combination of soil washing with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and subsequent oxidation through persulfate (PS) activated by Fe2+, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), and SiO₂-coated nZVI (SiO₂/nZVI). Results demonstrated that the removal of phenanthrene (PHE), fluoranthene (FLU), and pyrene (PYR) by SDS is an efficient means for soil decontamination. At SDS concentration of 20 g/L, the removal efficiencies of PHE, PYR, and FLU were 37%, 40%, and 44%, respectively. For the degradation of PAHs and SDS in the soil washing effluents, the efficiencies of PS activated with SiO₂/nZVI were not significantly different from those of PS activated with nZVI and Fe2+ (p > 0.05). In practice, SiO₂/nZVI is more preferable due to the improved antioxidation and dispersibility. At the dosage of 2 g/L (in the amount of iron) of SiO₂/nZVI, the removal efficiencies of PHE, FLU, PYR, and SDS within 30 min of treatment were 75%, 85%, 87%, and 34%, respectively. The degradation of SDS was much lower than those of PAHs, which facilitated the recycle of SDS. Our findings suggest that PS activated with SiO₂/nZVI is a promising method for the treatment of soil washing effluents containing SDS and PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Qiu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Meilan Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Zongquan Sun
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Helian Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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Ozone Propagation in Sterile Waste Piles From Uranium Mining: Modeling and Experimental Validation. Transp Porous Media 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-018-1184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Hu Z, Chen X, Chang J, Yu J, Tong Q, Li S, Niu H. Compositional and predicted functional analysis of the gut microbiota of Radix auricularia (Linnaeus) via high-throughput Illumina sequencing. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5537. [PMID: 30186698 PMCID: PMC6118204 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its wide distribution across the world, the snail Radix auricularia plays a central role in the transferal of energy and biomass by consuming plant biomass in freshwater systems. The gut microbiota are involved in the nutrition, digestion, immunity, and development of snails, particularly for cellulolytic bacteria, which greatly contribute to the digestion of plant fiber. For the first time, this study characterized the gut bacterial communities of R. auricularia, as well as predicted functions, using the Illumina Miseq platform to sequence 16S rRNA amplicons. Both juvenile snails (JS) and adult snails (AS) were sampled. The obtained 251,072 sequences were rarefied to 214,584 sequences and clustered into 1,196 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with 97% sequence identity. The predominant phyla were Proteobacteria (JS: 36.0%, AS: 31.6%) and Cyanobacteria (JS: 16.3%, AS: 19.5%), followed by Chloroflexi (JS: 9.7%, AS: 13.1%), Firmicutes (JS: 14.4%, AS: 6.7%), Actinobacteria (JS: 8.2%, AS: 12.6%), and Tenericutes (JS: 7.3%, AS: 6.2%). The phylum Cyanobacteria may have originated from the plant diet instead of the gut microbiome. A total of 52 bacterial families and 55 genera were found with >1% abundance in at least one sample. A large number of species could not be successfully identified, which could indicate the detection of novel ribotypes or result from insufficient availability of snail microbiome data. The core microbiome consisted of 469 OTUs, representing 88.4% of all sequences. Furthermore, the predicted function of bacterial community of R. auricularia performed by Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States suggests that functions related to metabolism and environmental information processing were enriched. The abundance of carbohydrate suggests a strong capability of the gut microbiome to digest lignin. Our results indicate an abundance of bacteria in both JS and AS, and thus the bacteria in R. auricularia gut form a promising source for novel enzymes, such as cellulolytic enzymes, that may be useful for biofuel production. Furthermore, searching for xenobiotic biodegradation bacteria may be a further important application of these snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongfu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Tongliao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Tong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuguo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxin Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, People's Republic of China
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27
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Gitipour S, Sorial GA, Ghasemi S, Bazyari M. Treatment technologies for PAH-contaminated sites: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:546. [PMID: 30140952 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To reduce environmental and human health risks of contaminated sites, having a comprehensive knowledge about the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) removal processes is crucial. PAHs are contaminants which are highly recognized to pose threats to humans, animals, and plants. PAHs are hydrophobic and own two or more benzene rings, and hence are resistant to structural degradation. There are various techniques which have been developed to treat PAH-contaminated soil. Four distinct processes to remove PAHs in the contaminated soil, thought to be more effective techniques, are presented in this review: soil washing, chemical oxidation, electrokinetic, phytoremediation. In a surfactant-aided washing process, a removal rate of 90% was reported. Compost-amended phytoremediation treatment presented 58-99% removal of pyrene from the soil in 90 days. Chemical oxidation method was able to reach complete conversion for some PAHs. In electrokinetic treatment, researchers have achieved reliable results in removal of some specific PAHs. Researchers' innovations in novel studies and advantages/disadvantages of the techniques are also investigated throughout the paper. Finally, it should be noted that an exclusive method or a combination of methods by themselves are not the key to be employed for remediation of every contaminated site but the field characteristics are also essential in selection of the most appropriate decontamination technique(s). The remedy for selection criteria is based on PAH concentrations, site characteristics, costs, shortcomings, and advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Gitipour
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, No.25 Ghods St., Enghelab Ave, PO Box 81948/43995, Tehran, Iran.
| | - George A Sorial
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA
| | - Soroush Ghasemi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, No.25 Ghods St., Enghelab Ave, PO Box 81948/43995, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Bazyari
- HSE Group, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Wang L, Zhang J, Li H, Yang H, Peng C, Peng Z, Lu L. Shift in the microbial community composition of surface water and sediment along an urban river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:600-612. [PMID: 29426184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Urban rivers represent a unique ecosystem in which pollution occurs regularly, leading to significantly altered of chemical and biological characteristics of the surface water and sediments. However, the impact of urbanization on the diversity and structure of the river microbial community has not been well documented. As a major tributary of the Yangtze River, the Jialing River flows through many cities. Here, a comprehensive analysis of the spatial microbial distribution in the surface water and sediments in the Nanchong section of Jialing River and its two urban branches was conducted using 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The results revealed distinct differences in surface water bacterial composition along the river with a differential distribution of Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria (P < 0.05). The bacterial diversity in sediments was significantly higher than their corresponding water samples. Additionally, archaeal communities showed obvious spatial variability in the surface water. The construction of the hydropower station resulted in increased Cyanobacteria abundance in the upstream (32.2%) compared to its downstream (10.3%). Several taxonomic groups of potential fecal indicator bacteria, like Flavobacteria and Bacteroidia, showed an increasing trend in the urban water. PICRUSt metabolic inference analysis revealed a growing number of genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism and nitrogen metabolism in the urban water, indicating that urban discharges might act as the dominant selective force to alter the microbial communities. Redundancy analysis suggested that the microbial community structure was influenced by several environmental factors. TP (P < 0.01) and NO3- (P < 0.05), and metals (Zn, Fe) (P < 0.05) were the most significant drivers determining the microbial community composition in the urban river. These results highlight that river microbial communities exhibit spatial variation in urban areas due to the joint influence of chemical variables associated with sewage discharging and construction of hydropower stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Huilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Chao Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Zhengsong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China; College of Agriculture Science, Xichang College, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Lu Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
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29
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Shtangeeva I, Perämäki P, Niemelä M, Kurashov E, Krylova Y. Potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and pea (Pisum sativum) for remediation of soils contaminated with bromides and PAHs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2018; 20:560-566. [PMID: 29688054 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1405375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the research was to study a removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phytoextraction of bromine (Br) from contaminated soils. The experiments using pea and wheat seedlings as potential candidates for soil remediation were performed. The soil for the experiments was collected from a site slightly contaminated by some PAHs. Before planting, the soil was exposed to 20 mg of Br/kg of soil. In the soil taken from rhizosphere of pea and wheat, the concentrations of many PAHs decreased up to 7 times compared to the concentrations of the compounds in the initial soil. Pea was capable of more effectively influencing the soil PAHs than wheat. The growth of pea and wheat in the soil spiked with Br resulted in a significant increase of Br concentration in a plant. Concentration of Br in roots of pea and wheat increased 21 and 3 times, respectively. Bromine content in leaves of wheat and pea increased 10 and 4.5 times. This accumulation of Br in the plants led to a decrease of its concentration in the rhizosphere soil. The experimental results demonstrated a good ability of the plants to cleanup the soils contaminated with organic and inorganic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Shtangeeva
- a Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Paavo Perämäki
- b Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Matti Niemelä
- b Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Evgeny Kurashov
- c Laboratory of Hydrobiology of Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences , St. Petersburg , Russia
- d Department of Ecology and Technosphere Safety , ITMO University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Yulia Krylova
- d Department of Ecology and Technosphere Safety , ITMO University , St. Petersburg , Russia
- e Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Berg State Research Institute on Lake and River Fisheries , St. Petersburg , Russia
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30
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Chen T, Yavuz BM, Delgado AG, Montoya G, Winkle DV, Zuo Y, Kamath R, Westerhoff P, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Rittmann BE. Impacts of moisture content during ozonation of soils containing residual petroleum. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:1101-1108. [PMID: 30216969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We tested the effect of soil moisture content on the efficiency of gas-phase ozonation for two types of soils containing residual petroleum. For the first soil (BM2), having a total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) concentration of 18,000mg/kg soil, a moisture content of 5% benefited oxidation, giving the highest efficiency of ozonation for TPH removal and for producing soluble and biodegradable products. In contrast, higher moisture content hindered O3 from oxidizing reactive materials in the second soil (BM3), which had a higher TPH concentration, 33,000mg/kg soil. This trend was documented by less TPH removal, less generation of soluble and biodegradable organic products, and a carbon balance that showed retarded carbon oxidation. An unexpected phenomenon was smoldering during ozonation of air-dried (<1% moisture) BM3, which did not occur with the same moisture conditions for BM2. BM3 smoldered was due to its higher TPH content, low heat buffering, and more release of volatiles with low self-ignition points. Smoldering did not occur for ≥ 5% water content, as it suppressed the temperature increase needed to volatilize the organics that initiated smoldering. The findings underscore the importance of controlling water content during ozonation to optimize the effectiveness of ozonation and prevent smoldering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Chen
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 727 Tyler Road, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5701, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA.
| | - Burcu M Yavuz
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 727 Tyler Road, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5701, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA
| | - Anca G Delgado
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 727 Tyler Road, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5701, USA
| | - Garrett Montoya
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 727 Tyler Road, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5701, USA
| | - Delaney Van Winkle
- School of Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA
| | - Yi Zuo
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, San Ramon, CA, 94583, USA
| | - Roopa Kamath
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 727 Tyler Road, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5701, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 727 Tyler Road, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5701, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA
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31
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Jousse F, Atteia O, Höhener P, Cohen G. Removal of NAPL from columns by oxidation, sparging, surfactant and thermal treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 188:182-189. [PMID: 28886552 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, four treatment techniques commonly applied to Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) removal from soil are compared in column experiments with pure sand containing a residual Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (L-NAPL) contamination. Oxidation is tested through the injection of Fenton reagent, with persulfate, and combined with sparging with the injection of ozone. Surfactant treatment was conducted at low flow rates with Tween®80. Sparging was conducted by air injection but at a low flow rate of 1 mL min-1. Finally several columns were thermally treated at a temperature of 80 °C. The results showed high removal (>90%) for all techniques used, although only thermal treatment on BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes) reached 100% efficiency. The main limiting factors of each technique were: (i) for oxidation, the solubility of the substance limited the removal; (ii) for surfactant both the solubility in the surfactant and the type of surfactant are important; (iii) for sparging, the main factors are contaminant vapor pressure and porous media grain size; (iv) for thermal treatment, the limitation arises from the contaminant vapor pressure and the medium hydraulic conductivity. A comparison with literature data shows that the results are consistent with most of the studies conducted on one technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jousse
- Fondation Innovasol, 1 Allee Daguin, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - O Atteia
- Fondation Innovasol, 1 Allee Daguin, 33607, Pessac, France; ENSEGID - EA 4592 Géoressources et Environnement, Institut Carnot Isifor, 1 Allee Daguin, 33607, Pessac, France.
| | - P Höhener
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, 3 place Victor Hugo, F-13331, Marseille, France
| | - G Cohen
- Fondation Innovasol, 1 Allee Daguin, 33607, Pessac, France; ENSEGID - EA 4592 Géoressources et Environnement, Institut Carnot Isifor, 1 Allee Daguin, 33607, Pessac, France
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, UP, India
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33
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Ojha A, Sinha DK, Padmakumari AP, Bentur JS, Nair S. Bacterial Community Structure in the Asian Rice Gall Midge Reveals a Varied Microbiome Rich in Proteobacteria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9424. [PMID: 28842593 PMCID: PMC5573367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Asian rice gall midge (ARGM) has emerged as a model gall forming pest of rice. The ARGM infestation of rice results in failure of panicle formation and economic loss. Understanding the molecular basis of ARGM-rice interactions is very crucial in order to control this devastating pest of rice. The current investigation was devised to identify bacterial communities present in the ARGM and in addition the bacterial diversity in the maggots during their interaction with susceptible or resistant rice varieties. Sequencing of 16S rRNA bacterial gene (V3-V4 region) revealed differences in the microflora of the ARGM maggots feeding on susceptible or resistant rice hosts. Results revealed that Wolbachia was the predominant bacterium in pupae and adults while Pseudomonas was predominant in maggots. Further, we observed that members of proteobacteria were predominant across all the samples. There was high species diversity in maggots isolated from susceptible rice and a high representation of unclassified bacteria in maggots isolated from resistant rice. This is the first study that reports variation of microbiome of the ARGM, based on host phenotype from which it was isolated, and results suggest that these variations could have an important role in host's susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Ojha
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India.,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Deepak Kumar Sinha
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - A P Padmakumari
- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - J S Bentur
- Agri Biotech Foundation, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, India
| | - Suresh Nair
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India.
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Lima AT, Hofmann A, Reynolds D, Ptacek CJ, Van Cappellen P, Ottosen LM, Pamukcu S, Alshawabekh A, O'Carroll DM, Riis C, Cox E, Gent DB, Landis R, Wang J, Chowdhury AIA, Secord EL, Sanchez-Hachair A. Environmental Electrokinetics for a sustainable subsurface. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:122-133. [PMID: 28433930 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil and groundwater are key components in the sustainable management of the subsurface environment. Source contamination is one of its main threats and is commonly addressed using established remediation techniques such as in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO), in-situ chemical reduction (ISCR; most notably using zero-valent iron [ZVI]), enhanced in-situ bioremediation (EISB), phytoremediation, soil-washing, pump-and-treat, soil vapour extraction (SVE), thermal treatment, and excavation and disposal. Decades of field applications have shown that these techniques can successfully treat or control contaminants in higher permeability subsurface materials such as sands, but achieve only limited success at sites where low permeability soils, such as silts and clays, prevail. Electrokinetics (EK), a soil remediation technique mostly recognized in in-situ treatment of low permeability soils, has, for the last decade, been combined with more conventional techniques and can significantly enhance the performance of several of these remediation technologies, including ISCO, ISCR, EISB and phytoremediation. Herein, we discuss the use of emerging EK techniques in tandem with conventional remediation techniques, to achieve improved remediation performance. Furthermore, we highlight new EK applications that may come to play a role in the sustainable treatment of the contaminated subsurface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Lima
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - A Hofmann
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - D Reynolds
- Geosyntec Consultants, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - C J Ptacek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - P Van Cappellen
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - L M Ottosen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S Pamukcu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - A Alshawabekh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D M O'Carroll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Connected Water Initiative, University of New South Wales, Manly Vale, NSW, 2093, Australia
| | - C Riis
- NIRAS, Sortemosevej 19, 3450 Alleroed, Denmark
| | - E Cox
- Geosyntec Consultants, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - D B Gent
- Environmental Laboratory, USACE Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - R Landis
- RichLand Consulting, LLC, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - J Wang
- Geosyntec Consultants, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - A I A Chowdhury
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - E L Secord
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - A Sanchez-Hachair
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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35
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Chen T, Delgado AG, Yavuz BM, Maldonado J, Zuo Y, Kamath R, Westerhoff P, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Rittmann BE. Interpreting Interactions between Ozone and Residual Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:506-513. [PMID: 27973790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated how gas-phase O3 interacts with residual petroleum hydrocarbons in soil. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were 18 ± 0.6 g/kg soil, and TPH carbon constituted ∼40% of the dichloromethane-extractable carbon (DeOC) in the soil. At the benchmark dose of 3.4 kg O3/kg initial TPH, TPH carbon was reduced by nearly 6 gC/kg soil (40%), which was accompanied by an increase of about 4 gC/kg soil in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and a 4-fold increase in 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). Disrupting gas channeling in the soil improved mass transport of O3 to TPH bound to soil and increased TPH removal. Ozonation resulted in two measurable alterations of the composition of the organic carbon. First, part of DeOC was converted to DOC (∼4.1 gC/kg soil), 75% of which was not extractable by dichloromethane. Second, the DeOC containing saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA), was partially oxidized, resulting in a decline in saturates and aromatics, but increases in resins and asphaltenes. Ozone attack on resins, asphaltenes, and soil organic matter led to the production of NO3-, SO42-, and PO43-. The results illuminate the mechanisms by which ozone gas interacted with the weathered petroleum residuals in soil to generate soluble and biodegradable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Chen
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University , 727 Tyler Road, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - Anca G Delgado
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University , 727 Tyler Road, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
| | - Burcu M Yavuz
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University , 727 Tyler Road, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - Juan Maldonado
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University , 727 Tyler Road, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
| | - Yi Zuo
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, San Ramon, California 94583, United States
| | - Roopa Kamath
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, Houston, Texas 77002, United States
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University , 727 Tyler Road, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University , 727 Tyler Road, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005, United States
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Aćimović DD, Karić SD, Nikolić ŽM, Brdarić TP, Tasić GS, Marčeta Kaninski MP, Nikolić VM. Electrochemical oxidation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in polluted concrete of the residential buildings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:393-399. [PMID: 27697377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and by the European Community as priority environmental pollutants. The removal of PAHs from soils, sediments and waste water has attracted attention of scientists and engineers for several decades. Electrochemical oxidation of PAH compounds in water, is receiving increasing attention, due to its convenience and simplicity. In this study we performed electrochemical oxidation of 16 EPA PAHs mixture in 10% NaCl aqueous solution in potentiostatic conditions, at voltage 1 V. Decrease of concentration of some individual PAHs, up to 70% referred to their starting concentration, after 60 min of electrolysis, was confirmed by UPLC/PDA analysis. In further work investigation was extrapolated to in situ removal of PAHs from concrete, as the medium where, to our knowledge, such way of PAH removal has not been investigated before. High concentrations of PAH contamination occurred in the concrete structure of the residential buildings in Belgrade in 2014. Application of DC voltage of 50 V between nickel and stainless steel electrodes packed in the concrete wall, moisturized with the 10% NaCl solution, led to considerable removal of the pollutants by oxidation process throughout the concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danka D Aćimović
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavko D Karić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željka M Nikolić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja P Brdarić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gvozden S Tasić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica P Marčeta Kaninski
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir M Nikolić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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He WJ, Yuan QS, Zhang YB, Guo MW, Gong AD, Zhang JB, Wu AB, Huang T, Qu B, Li HP, Liao YC. Aerobic De-Epoxydation of Trichothecene Mycotoxins by a Soil Bacterial Consortium Isolated Using In Situ Soil Enrichment. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8100277. [PMID: 27669304 PMCID: PMC5086637 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the trichothecene mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) are among the most widely distributed mycotoxins that contaminate small grain cereals. In this study, a bacterial consortium, PGC-3, with de-epoxydation activity was isolated from soil by an in situ soil enrichment method. Screening of 14 soil samples that were sprayed with DON revealed that 4 samples were able to biotransform DON into de-epoxydized DON (dE-DON). Among these, the PGC-3 consortium showed the highest and most stable activity to biotransform DON into dE-DON and NIV into dE-NIV. PGC-3 exhibited de-epoxydation activity at a wide range of pH (5–10) and temperatures (20–37 °C) values under aerobic conditions. Sequential subculturing with a continued exposure to DON substantially reduced the microbial population diversity of this consortium. Analyses of the 16S rDNA sequences indicated that PGC-3 comprised 10 bacterial genera. Among these, one species, Desulfitobacterium, showed a steady increase in relative abundance, from 0.03% to 1.55% (a 52-fold increase), as higher concentrations of DON were used in the subculture media, from 0 to 500 μg/mL. This study establishes the foundation to further develop bioactive agents that can detoxify trichothecene mycotoxins in cereals and enables for the characterization of detoxifying genes and their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie He
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qing-Song Yuan
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - You-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mao-Wei Guo
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - An-Dong Gong
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jing-Bo Zhang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ai-Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Bo Qu
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - He-Ping Li
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yu-Cai Liao
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Ranc B, Faure P, Croze V, Simonnot MO. Selection of oxidant doses for in situ chemical oxidation of soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 312:280-297. [PMID: 27043880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is a promising alternative to thermal desorption for the remediation of soils contaminated with organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). For field application, one major issue is the selection of the optimal doses of the oxidizing solution, i.e. the oxidant and appropriate catalysts and/or additives. Despite an extensive scientific literature on ISCO, this choice is very difficult because many parameters differ from one study to another. The present review identifies the critical factors that must be taken into account to enable comparison of these various contributions. For example, spiked soils and aged, polluted soils cannot be compared; PAHs freshly spiked into a soil are fully available for degradation unlike a complex mixture of pollutants trapped in a soil for many years. Another notable example is the high diversity of oxidation conditions employed during batch experiments, although these affect the representativeness of the system. Finally, in this review a methodology is also proposed based on a combination of the stoichiometric oxidant demand of the organic pollutants and the design of experiments (DOE) in order to allow a better comparison of the various studies so far reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ranc
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Site Aiguillette, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Site Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; ICF Environnement, 14 à 30 rue Alexandre, 92635 Gennevilliers, France; Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy cedex, France
| | - P Faure
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Site Aiguillette, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, Site Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - V Croze
- ICF Environnement, 14 à 30 rue Alexandre, 92635 Gennevilliers, France
| | - M O Simonnot
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy cedex, France.
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Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas sp. Strain BMS12, a Plant Growth-Promoting and Protease-Producing Bacterium, Isolated from the Rhizosphere Sediment of Phragmites karka of Chilika Lake, India. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/3/e00342-16. [PMID: 27365340 PMCID: PMC4929503 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00342-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the 4.51 Mb draft genome of Pseudomonas sp. strain BMS12, a Gram-negative bacterium in the class of Gammaproteobacteria, isolated from the rhizospheric sediment of Phragmites karka, an invasive weed in Chilika Lake, Odisha, India. The Pseudomonas sp. strain BMS12 is capable of producing proteases and is also an efficient plant growth promoter that can be useful for various phytoremedial and industrial applications.
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40
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Sakulthaew C, Comfort SD, Chokejaroenrat C, Li X, Harris CE. Removing PAHs from urban runoff water by combining ozonation and carbon nano-onions. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 141:265-273. [PMID: 26291912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a chemical oxidant capable of transforming polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban runoff within minutes but complete oxidation to CO2 can take days to weeks. We developed and tested a flow-through system that used ozone to quickly transform PAHs in a runoff stream and then removed the ozone-transformed PAHs via adsorption to carbon nano-onions (CNOs). To quantify the efficacy of this approach, (14)C-labeled phenanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene, as well as a mixture of 16 unlabeled PAHs were used as test compounds. These PAHs were pumped from a reservoir into a flow-through reactor that continuously ozonated the solution. Outflow from the reactor then went to a chamber that contained CNOs to adsorb the ozone-transformed PAHs and allowed clean water to pass. By adding a microbial consortium to the CNOs following adsorption, we observed that bacteria were able to degrade the adsorbed products and release more soluble, biodegradable products back into solution. Control treatments confirmed that parent PAH structures (i.e., non-ozonated) were not biologically degraded following CNO adsorption and that O3-transformed PAHs were not released from the CNOs in the absence of bacteria. These results support the combined use of ozone, carbon nano-onions with subsequent biological degradation as a means of removing PAHs from urban runoff or a commercial waste stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chainarong Sakulthaew
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA; Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Steve D Comfort
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA.
| | - Chanat Chokejaroenrat
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA; School of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA.
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Turner D, Pichtel J, Rodenas Y, McKillip J, Goodpaster J. Microbial degradation of gasoline in soil: Effect of season of sampling. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 251:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Draft Genome Sequence of Se(IV)-Reducing Bacterium Pseudomonas migulae ES3-33. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/3/e00406-15. [PMID: 25953191 PMCID: PMC4424307 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00406-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas migulae ES3-33 is a Gram-negative strain that strongly reduces Se(IV) and was isolated from a selenium mining area in Enshi, southwest China. Here we present the draft genome of this strain containing potential genes involved in selenite reduction and a large number of genes encoding resistances to copper and antibiotics.
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Sakulthaew C, Comfort S, Chokejaroenrat C, Harris C, Li X. A combined chemical and biological approach to transforming and mineralizing PAHs in runoff water. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:1-9. [PMID: 25433987 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The water quality of lakes, rivers and streams associated with metropolitan areas is declining from increased inputs of urban runoff that contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Our objective was to transform and mineralize PAHs in runoff using a combined chemical and biological approach. Using (14)C-labeled phenanthrene, (14)C-benzo(a)pyrene and a mixture of 16 PAHs, we found that ozone transformed all PAHs in a H2O matrix within minutes but complete mineralization to CO2 took several weeks. When urban runoff water (7.6 mg CL(-1)) replaced H2O as the background matrix, some delays in degradation rates were observed but transforming a mixture of PAHs was still complete within 10 min. Comparing the biodegradability of the ozonated products to the parent structures in unsaturated soil microcosms showed that the 3-ring phenanthrene was more biodegradable (as evidence by (14)CO2 released) than its ozonated products but for the 5-ring benzo(a)pyrene, the products produced by ozone were much more biodegradable (22% vs. 3% mineralized). For phenanthrene, we identified diphenaldehyde as the initial degradation product produced from ozonation. By continuing to pump the ozonated products ((14)C-labeled diphenaldehyde or ozone-treated benzo(a)pyrene) onto glass beads coated with microorganisms, we verified that biological mineralization could be achieved in a flow-through system and mineralization rates improved with acclimation of the microbial population (i.e., time and exposure to the substrate). These results support a combined ozone and biological approach to treating PAHs in urban runoff water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chainarong Sakulthaew
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA; Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Steve Comfort
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA.
| | - Chanat Chokejaroenrat
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA; School of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Clifford Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224, USA.
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA.
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Li X, Cao X, Wu G, Temple T, Coulon F, Sui H. Ozonation of diesel-fuel contaminated sand and the implications for remediation end-points. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 109:71-76. [PMID: 24873709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate specifically the influence of soil grain size and water content on the degradation of n-alkane fractions and the formation of aldehydes and carboxylic acid during ozonation. 15 g of quartz sand spiked with diesel (25 g kg(-1)) were exposed to ozone for 20 h at concentrations of 10, 30 and 50 mg L(-1), respectively. Results indicated that ozonation of the n-alkanes in fine grain size sand (0.15-0.25 mm) was 1.2 times faster than coarse sand due to higher surface contact area between O3 and sand particles. Soil moisture below 18% w/w did not influence the ozonation efficiency. In contrast the ozonation led to an increase of acidity of the sand samples (pH=3.0) after 20 h treatment. This was due to the formation of carboxylic acid. Formaldehyde, one of the key by-products of ozonation, was always <13 mg kg(-1) after the treatment which is below the industrial soil clean-up target level. While the aldehydes and carboxylic acid further reacted with O3 and their ozonation rate were slower than those of the alkanes suggesting that the hydroxylated by-products accumulated in the sand during the process. Overall the findings demonstrated that not only the alkanes but also aldehydes and carboxylic acid should be considered when defining remediation end-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xingtao Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Applied Science, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tracey Temple
- Centre for Defence Chemistry, Cranfield University, Shrivenham SN6 8LA, UK
| | - Frédéric Coulon
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Applied Science, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Hong Sui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Distillation Technology, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.
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45
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Jeon BY, Yi JY, Park DH. Estimation on metabolic pathway of Pseudomonas sp. SMIC-3 for 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone based on physiological and biochemical analyses. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Forsberg ND, O'Connell SG, Allan SE, Anderson KA. Passive sampling coupled to ultraviolet irradiation: a useful analytical approach for studying oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation in bioavailable mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:177-81. [PMID: 24123227 PMCID: PMC3963818 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors investigated coupling passive sampling technologies with ultraviolet irradiation experiments to study polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and oxygenated PAH transformation processes in real-world bioavailable mixtures. Passive sampling device (PSD) extracts were obtained from coastal waters impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and Superfund sites in Portland, Oregon, USA. Oxygenated PAHs were found in the contaminated waters with our PSDs. All mixtures were subsequently exposed to a mild dose of ultraviolet B (UVB). A reduction in PAH levels and simultaneous formation of several oxygenated PAHs were measured. Site-specific differences were observed with UVB-exposed PSD mixtures.
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47
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Genome Sequence of a Strain of the Human Pathogenic Bacterium Pseudomonas alcaligenes That Caused Bloodstream Infection. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2013; 1:1/5/e00919-13. [PMID: 24179116 PMCID: PMC3814577 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00919-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas alcaligenes, a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium, is a rare opportunistic human pathogen. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of P. alcaligenes strain MRY13-0052, which was isolated from a bloodstream infection in a medical institution in Japan and is resistant to antimicrobial agents, including broad-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams.
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48
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Removal Efficiency and Distribution Characteristics of PAHs in Coking Plant Contaminated Soils by In Situ Chemical Oxidation Remediation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the PAHs removal efficiency in coking plant contaminated soil when disposed by different oxidants with different dosages (hydrogen peroxide, Fenton’s reagent, modified Fenton’s reagent, potassium permanganate, activated sodium persulfate) and the PAHs distribution characteristics in removing parts, soil residue parts, recycling parts and supernate after oxidation reactions. Analyzed the variation characteristics of soil properties (pH and soil temperature) when used different oxidants in oxidation reactions process, screened out the effective and safe remediation oxidants. The research results indicated that the potassium permanganate has the best remediation ability and undemanding reaction conditions than other oxidants. The contaminant which be volatilized into surrounding environment was rarely when disposed by potassium permanganate in remediation process. Consequently, selecting potassium permanganate as remediation oxidant to treat PAHs in coking plant contaminated soils was the best choice.
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49
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Gómez-Alvarez M, Poznyak T, Ríos-Leal E, Silva-Sánchez C. Anthracene decomposition in soils by conventional ozonation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 113:545-551. [PMID: 22494822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthracene decomposition in solid phase by conventional ozonation was investigated employing model and real soil samples. Reaction in a two-phase system (soil-ozone) and a three-phase system (soil-water-ozone) was studied. The total anthracene decomposition in the two studied systems (sand-ozone and burned soil-ozone) was obtained at 15 and 30 min of treatment by ozone, respectively, and the efficiency of ozonation was depended on the water content in treated soil samples. The anthracene degradation in an agricultural soil (free water) was carried up slower (only 30% after 90 min of ozonation), because the real solid samples content organic matter that provokes the additionally ozone consuming. The pre-ozonation of free anthracene agricultural soil depicts the content of the organic matter fraction, which have the ozone reactivity orders as aromatic>aliphatic>polar. In all cases, the ozonation by-products were identified partiality; the majority of by-products formatted react with ozone. Actually some of them were decomposed totally, while others were accumulated. Some products identified in all systems such as anthrone, 9,10-anthraquinone and phthalic acid, are less toxic than the anthracene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gómez-Alvarez
- Superior School of Chemical Engineering, National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico, Edif 7, UPALM, CP 07738 Mexico DF, Mexico
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Rauscher L, Sakulthaew C, Comfort S. Using slow-release permanganate candles to remediate PAH-contaminated water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 241-242:441-449. [PMID: 23089061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface waters impacted by urban runoff in metropolitan areas are becoming increasingly contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Slow-release oxidant candles (paraffin-KMnO(4)) are a relatively new technology being used to treat contaminated groundwater and could potentially be used to treat urban runoff. Given that these candles only release permanganate when submerged, the ephemeral nature of runoff events would influence when the permanganate is released for treating PAHs. Our objective was to determine if slow-release permanganate candles could be used to degrade and mineralize PAHs. Batch experiments quantified PAH degradation rates in the presence of the oxidant candles. Results showed most of the 16 PAHs tested were degraded within 2-4 h. Using (14)C-labled phenanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene, we demonstrated that the wax matrix of the candle initially adsorbs the PAH, but then releases the PAH back into solution as transformed, more water soluble products. While permanganate was unable to mineralize the PAHs (i.e., convert to CO(2)), we found that the permanganate-treated PAHs were much more biodegradable in soil microcosms. To test the concept of using candles to treat PAHs in multiple runoff events, we used a flow-through system where urban runoff water was pumped over a miniature candle in repetitive wet-dry, 24-h cycles. Results showed that the candle was robust in removing PAHs by repeatedly releasing permanganate and degrading the PAHs. These results provide proof-of-concept that permanganate candles could potentially provide a low-cost, low-maintenance approach to remediating PAH-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Rauscher
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA.
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