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Luz R, Cordeiro R, Gonçalves V, Vasconcelos V, Urbatzka R. Screening of Lipid-Reducing Activity and Cytotoxicity of the Exometabolome from Cyanobacteria. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:412. [PMID: 39330293 DOI: 10.3390/md22090412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are rich producers of secondary metabolites, excreting some of these to the culture media. However, the exometabolome of cyanobacteria has been poorly studied, and few studies have dwelled on its characterization and bioactivity assessment. In this work, exometabolomes of 56 cyanobacterial strains were characterized by HR-ESI-LC-MS/MS. Cytotoxicity was assessed on two carcinoma cell lines, HepG2 and HCT116, while the reduction in lipids was tested in zebrafish larvae and in a steatosis model with fatty acid-overloaded human liver cells. The exometabolome analysis using GNPS revealed many complex clusters of unique compounds in several strains, with no identifications in public databases. Three strains reduced viability in HCT116 cells, namely Tolypotrichaceae BACA0428 (30.45%), Aphanizomenonaceae BACA0025 (40.84%), and Microchaetaceae BACA0110 (46.61%). Lipid reduction in zebrafish larvae was only observed by exposure to Dulcicalothrix sp. BACA0344 (60%). The feature-based molecular network shows that this bioactivity was highly correlated with two flavanones, a compound class described in the literature to have lipid reduction activity. The exometabolome characterization of cyanobacteria strains revealed a high chemodiversity, which supports it as a source for novel bioactive compounds, despite most of the time being overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben Luz
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning; UNESCO Chair-Land Within Sea: Biodiversity & Sustainability in Atlantic Islands, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Rita Cordeiro
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning; UNESCO Chair-Land Within Sea: Biodiversity & Sustainability in Atlantic Islands, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Vítor Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning; UNESCO Chair-Land Within Sea: Biodiversity & Sustainability in Atlantic Islands, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research-CIIMAR/CIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research-CIIMAR/CIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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2
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do Amaral SC, Xavier LP, Vasconcelos V, Santos AV. Cyanobacteria: A Promising Source of Antifungal Metabolites. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:359. [PMID: 37367684 PMCID: PMC10300848 DOI: 10.3390/md21060359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a rich source of secondary metabolites, and they have received a great deal of attention due to their applicability in different industrial sectors. Some of these substances are known for their notorious ability to inhibit fungal growth. Such metabolites are very chemically and biologically diverse. They can belong to different chemical classes, including peptides, fatty acids, alkaloids, polyketides, and macrolides. Moreover, they can also target different cell components. Filamentous cyanobacteria have been the main source of these compounds. This review aims to identify the key features of these antifungal agents, as well as the sources from which they are obtained, their major targets, and the environmental factors involved when they are being produced. For the preparation of this work, a total of 642 documents dating from 1980 to 2022 were consulted, including patents, original research, review articles, and theses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cavalcante do Amaral
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Luciana Pereira Xavier
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Vítor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Agenor Valadares Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Enzymes and Biotransformation, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
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3
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Jacinavicius FR, Geraldes V, Fernandes K, Crnkovic CM, Gama WA, Pinto E. Toxicological effects of cyanobacterial metabolites on zebrafish larval development. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 125:102430. [PMID: 37220983 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater cyanobacteria are known worldwide for their potential to produce toxins. However, these organisms are also found in marine, terrestrial and extreme environments and produce unique compounds, other than toxins. Nevertheless, their effects on biological systems are still barely known. This work tested extracts of different cyanobacterial strains against zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae and analyzed their metabolomic profiles using liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Strains Desertifilum tharense, Anagnostidinema amphibium, and Nostoc sp. promoted morphological abnormalities such as pericardial edema, edema in the digestive system region, curvature of the tail and spine in zebrafish larvae in vivo. In contrast, Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorogloeopsis sp. did not promote such changes. Metabolomics revealed unique compounds belonging to the classes of terpenoids, peptides, and linear lipopeptides/microginins in the nontoxic strains. The toxic strains were shown to contain unique compounds belonging to the classes of cyclic peptides, amino acids and other peptides, anabaenopeptins, lipopeptides, terpenoids, and alkaloids and derivatives. Other unknown compounds were also detected, highlighting the rich structural diversity of secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria. The effects of cyanobacterial metabolites on living organisms, mainly those related to potential human and ecotoxicological risks, are still poorly known. This work highlights the diverse, complex, and unique metabolomic profiles of cyanobacteria and the biotechnological potential and associated risks of exposure to their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda R Jacinavicius
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Geraldes
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil; Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-260, Brazil
| | - Kelly Fernandes
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-260, Brazil
| | - Camila M Crnkovic
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Watson A Gama
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, CEP 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil; Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-260, Brazil
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4
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Al-Yousef HM, Amina M. Phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities of cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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5
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Chilczuk T, Schäberle TF, Vahdati S, Mettal U, El Omari M, Enke H, Wiese M, König GM, Niedermeyer THJ. Halogenation-Guided Chemical Screening Provides Insight into Tjipanazole Biosynthesis by the Cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2170-2177. [PMID: 32182403 PMCID: PMC7497240 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Halogenated natural products (HNPs) show a wide range of interesting biological activities. Chemistry-guided screening with a software tool dedicated to identifying halogenated compounds in HPLC-MS data indicated the presence of several uncharacterised HNPs in an extract of the cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua (Näg.) Gomont 108b. Three new natural products, tjipanazoles K, L, and M, were isolated from this strain together with the known tjipanazoles D and I. Taking into account the structures of all tjipanazole derivatives detected in this strain, reanalysis of the tjipanazole biosynthetic gene cluster allowed us to propose a biosynthetic pathway for the tjipanazoles. As the isolated tjipanazoles show structural similarity to arcyriaflavin A, an inhibitor of the clinically relevant multidrug-transporter ABCG2 overexpressed by different cancer cell lines, the isolated compounds were tested for ABCG2 inhibitory activity. Only tjipanazole K showed appreciable transporter inhibition, whereas the compounds lacking the pyrrolo[3,4-c] ring or featuring additional chloro substituents were found to be much less active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Chilczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Till F Schäberle
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Gießen, Germany
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchesterstrasse 2, 35394, Gießen, Germany
| | - Sahel Vahdati
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Mettal
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Gießen, Germany
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchesterstrasse 2, 35394, Gießen, Germany
| | - Mustafa El Omari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Enke
- Cyano Biotech GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Wiese
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo H J Niedermeyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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6
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Jaja-Chimedza A, Saez C, Sanchez K, Gantar M, Berry JP. Identification of teratogenic polymethoxy-1-alkenes from Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, and taxonomically diverse freshwater cyanobacteria and green algae. HARMFUL ALGAE 2015; 49:156-161. [PMID: 26770179 PMCID: PMC4707965 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is among the most commonly recognized toxigenic cyanobacteria associated with harmful algal blooms (HAB) in freshwater systems, and specifically associated with multiple water-soluble toxins. Lipophilic metabolites from C. raciborskii, however, were previously shown to exert teratogenicity (i.e. inhibition of vertebrate development) in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo model, specifically suggesting the presence of additional bioactive compounds unrelated to the currently known toxins. In the present study, a series of known teratogenic polymethoxy-1-alkenes (PMA) were identified, purified and chemically characterized from an otherwise well-characterized strain of toxigenic C. raciborskii. Although PMA have been previously identified in other cyanobacteria, this is the first time they have been identified from this recognized HAB species. Following their identification from C. raciborskii, the taxonomic distribution of the PMA was additionally investigated by chemical screening of a freshwater algal (i.e. cyanobacteria, green algal) culture collection. Screening suggests that these compounds are distributed among phylogenetically diverse taxa. Furthermore, parallel screening of the algal culture collection, using the zebrafish embryo model of teratogenicity, the presence of PMA was found to closely correlate with developmental toxicity of these diverse algal isolates. Taken together, the data suggest PMA contribute to the toxicity of C. raciborskii, as well as apparently several other taxonomically disparate cyanobacterial and green algal genera, and may, accordingly, contribute to the toxicity of diverse freshwater HAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Jaja-Chimedza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Marine Science Program, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151 Street, North Miami, FL 33181 U.S.A
| | - Christopher Saez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Marine Science Program, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151 Street, North Miami, FL 33181 U.S.A
| | - Kristel Sanchez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Street, Miami, FL 33199 U.S.A
| | - Miroslav Gantar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Street, Miami, FL 33199 U.S.A
| | - John P. Berry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Marine Science Program, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151 Street, North Miami, FL 33181 U.S.A
- Corresponding author. 354 Marine Science Building, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151 Street, North Miami, FL 33181 U.S.A. Tel.: 305 919 4569; fax: 305 919 4030.
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7
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Walton K, Gantar M, Gibbs PDL, Schmale MC, Berry JP. Indole alkaloids from Fischerella inhibit vertebrate development in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo model. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:3568-81. [PMID: 25533520 PMCID: PMC4280548 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6123568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are recognized producers of toxic or otherwise bioactive metabolite associated, in particular, with so-called “harmful algal blooms” (HABs) and eutrophication of freshwater systems. In the present study, two apparently teratogenic indole alkaloids from a freshwater strain of the widespread cyanobacterial genus, Fischerella (Stigonemataceae), were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation, specifically using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo, as a model of vertebrate development. The two alkaloids include the previously known 12-epi-hapalindole H isonitrile (1), and a new nitrile-containing variant, 12-epi-ambiguine B nitrile (2). Although both compounds were toxic to developing embryos, the former compound was shown to be relatively more potent, and to correlate best with the observed embryo toxicity. Related indole alkaloids from Fischerella, and other genera in the Stigonemataceae, have been widely reported as antimicrobial compounds, specifically in association with apparent allelopathy. However, this is the first report of their vertebrate toxicity, and the observed teratogenicity of these alkaloids supports a possible contribution to the toxicity of this widespread cyanobacterial family, particularly in relation to freshwater HABs and eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Walton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
| | - Miroslav Gantar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Patrick D L Gibbs
- Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Michael C Schmale
- Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33146, USA.
| | - John P Berry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
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Cagide E, Becher PG, Louzao MC, Espiña B, Vieytes MR, Jüttner F, Botana LM. Hapalindoles from the Cyanobacterium Fischerella: Potential Sodium Channel Modulators. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1696-706. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cagide
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Paul G. Becher
- Institute
of Plant Biology, Limnological
Station, University of Zürich, 8802 Kilchberg, Switzerland
| | - M. Carmen Louzao
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Begoña Espiña
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Mercedes R. Vieytes
- Departamento
de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Friedrich Jüttner
- Institute
of Plant Biology, Limnological
Station, University of Zürich, 8802 Kilchberg, Switzerland
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Jonas A, Buranova V, Scholz S, Fetter E, Novakova K, Kohoutek J, Hilscherova K. Retinoid-like activity and teratogenic effects of cyanobacterial exudates. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 155:283-290. [PMID: 25103898 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acids and their derivatives have been recently identified by chemical analyses in cyanobacteria and algae. Given the essential role of retinoids for vertebrate development this has raised concerns about a potential risk for vertebrates exposed to retinoids during cyanobacterial blooms. Our study focuses on extracellular compounds produced by phytoplankton cells (exudates). In order to address the capacity for the production of retinoids or compounds with retinoid-like activity we compared the exudates of ten cyanobacteria and algae using in vitro reporter gene assay. Exudates of three cyanobacterial species showed retinoid-like activity in the range of 269-2,265 ng retinoid equivalents (REQ)/L, while there was no detectable activity in exudates of the investigated algal species. The exudates of one green alga (Desmodesmus quadricaudus) and the two cyanobacterial species with greatest REQ levels, Microcystis aeruginosa and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, were selected for testing of the potential relation of retinoid-like activity to developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. The exudates of both cyanobacteria were indeed provoking diverse teratogenic effects (e.g. tail, spine and mouth deformation) and interference with growth in zebrafish embryos, while such effects were not observed for the alga. Fish embryos were also exposed to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in a range equivalent to the REQ concentrations detected in exudates by in vitro bioassays. Both the phenotypes and effective concentrations of exudates corresponded to ATRA equivalents, supporting the hypothesis that the teratogenic effects of cyanobacterial exudates are likely to be associated with retinoid-like activity. The study documents that some cyanobacteria are able to produce and release retinoid-like compounds into the environment at concentrations equivalent to those causing teratogenicity in zebrafish. Hence, the characterization of retinoid-like and teratogenic potency should be included in the assessment of the potential adverse effects caused by the release of toxic and bioactive compounds during cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jonas
- RECETOX-Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Buranova
- RECETOX-Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Scholz
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eva Fetter
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katerina Novakova
- RECETOX-Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kohoutek
- RECETOX-Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- RECETOX-Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Zeng C, Sun H, Xie P, Wang J, Zhang G, Chen N, Yan W, Li G. The role of apoptosis in MCLR-induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 149:25-32. [PMID: 24555956 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that cyanobacteria-derived microcystin-leucine-arginine (MCLR) is able to induce developing toxicity, such as malformation, growth delay and also decreased heart rates in zebrafish embryos. However, the molecular mechanisms by which MCLR induces its toxicity during the development of zebrafish remain largely unknown. Here, we evaluate the role of apoptosis in MCLR-induced developmental toxicity. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to various concentrations of MCLR (0, 0.2, 0.5, 2, and 5.0 mg L(-1)) for 96 h, at which time reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly induced in the 2 and 5.0 mg L(-1) MCLR exposure groups. Acridine orange (AO) staining and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated deoxy-UTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay showed that MCLR exposure resulted in cell apoptosis. To test the apoptotic pathway, the expression pattern of several apoptotic-related genes was examined for the level of enzyme activity, gene and protein expression, respectively. The overall results demonstrate that MCLR induced ROS which consequently triggered apoptosis in the heart of developing zebrafish embryos. Our results also indicate that the p53-Bax-Bcl-2 pathway and the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway play major roles in MCLR-induced apoptosis in the developing embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nan Chen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards & Testing Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
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11
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Li G, Chen J, Xie P, Jiang Y, Wu L, Zhang X. Protein expression profiling in the zebrafish (Danio rerio
) embryos exposed to the microcystin-LR. Proteomics 2011; 11:2003-18. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Osswald J, Carvalho AP, Claro J, Vasconcelos V. Effects of cyanobacterial extracts containing anatoxin-a and of pure anatoxin-a on early developmental stages of carp. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:473-8. [PMID: 18640721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the effects of pure anatoxin-a and cyanobacterial extracts of an anatoxin-a producing strain on early stages of development of carp. Carp eggs were exposed from 2:30 h to 4 days post-fertilization to different ecologically relevant concentrations of anatoxin-a, provided as pure toxin or contained in the cyanobacterial extracts. Data on time to mortality, mortality rate, time to hatching, hatching rate, skeletal malformations rate, and larval standard length were registered until 8 days post-fertilization. At any tested concentration of anatoxin-a, the pure toxin was almost harmless to carp early stages of development, contrarily to cell extracts that were highly toxic. Only an adverse effect on the larval length was found at the highest concentration of pure toxin, while increasing concentrations of cell extracts caused increasing adverse effects in all the analyzed parameters. Anatoxin-a producing cyanobacteria should be regarded as putative modulators of aquatic ecosystems communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Osswald
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIMAR/CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Berry JP, Gibbs PDL, Schmale MC, Saker ML. Toxicity of cylindrospermopsin, and other apparent metabolites from Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum, to the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. Toxicon 2008; 53:289-99. [PMID: 19087885 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria produce a diverse array of toxic or otherwise bioactive compounds that pose growing threats to human and environmental health. We utilized the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo, as a model of vertebrate development, to investigate the inhibition of development pathways (i.e. developmental toxicity) by the cyanobacterial toxin, cylindrospermopsin (CYN), as well as extracts from various isolates of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum. CYN was toxic only when injected directly into embryos, but not by direct immersion at doses up to 50mug/ml. Despite the dose dependency of toxicity observed following injection of CYN, no consistent patterns of developmental defects were observed, suggesting that toxic effects of CYN may not target specific developmental pathways. In contrast, direct immersion of embryos in all of the extracts resulted in both increased mortality and reproducible, consistent, developmental dysfunctions. Interestingly, there was no correlation of developmental toxicity observed for these extracts with the presence of CYN or with previously reported toxicity for these strains. These results suggest that CYN is lethal to zebrafish embryos, but apparently inhibits no specific developmental pathways, whereas other apparent metabolites from C. raciborskii and A. ovalisporum seem to reproducibly inhibit development in the zebrafish model. Continued investigation of these apparent, unknown metabolites is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Berry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 354 Marine Science Building, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
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Zhang X, Xie P, Wang W, Li D, Li L, Tang R, Lei H, Shi Z. Dose-dependent effects of extracted microcystins on embryonic development, larval growth and histopathological changes of southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis). Toxicon 2008; 51:449-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Toruńska A, Bolałek J, Pliński M, Mazur-Marzec H. Biodegradation and sorption of nodularin (NOD) in fine-grained sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 70:2039-2046. [PMID: 17963814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nodularin (NOD) is a cyclic pentapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the bloom forming cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena. The fate of the toxin in the aquatic environment has not been fully evaluated. In the current study the changes in NOD concentration caused by biodegradation and sorption in samples from the Baltic were studied. Seawater of various salinities (0, 4, 8 and 12 PSU) and three forms of fine-grained sediment (sterile wet sediment, non-sterile wet sediment, and combusted sterile sediment) were incubated with 34.7 microg of NOD. The toxin was seen to be highly stable both in sterile and non-sterile seawater. During the 21-day experiment NOD concentrations in solutions overlying the combusted sediment and the sterile wet sediment were reduced to 12.5+/-2.6% and 59.8+/-2.4% of the initial value. The greatest loss of the toxin (up to 100%) was observed in the non-sterile seawater incubated with non-sterile wet sediment. These results indicate an important role of benthic microbial community in nodularin removal. Two biodegradation products with similar spectral characteristics to NOD were detected; one of which was identified as Adda amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Toruńska
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
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Burýsková B, Hilscherová K, Babica P, Vrsková D, Marsálek B, Bláha L. Toxicity of complex cyanobacterial samples and their fractions in Xenopus laevis embryos and the role of microcystins. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2006; 80:346-54. [PMID: 17092578 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the effects of various cyanobacterial fractions in Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay Xenopus (FETAX) with African clawed frog embryos. Fractions were prepared from five biomasses with different dominant genera (Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Planktothrix) and different microcystin content. Effects of following fractions were investigated: (I) homogenate of complex cyanobacterial biomass, (II) cell debris (pellet) after centrifugation of complex biomass, (III) supernatant after centrifugation of complex biomass (= crude aqueous extract), (IV) permeate after passing of crude extract through C-18 column (fraction devoid of microcystins), and (V) eluate from C-18 column (containing microcystins, if present). Besides classical parameters evaluated in 96 h FETAX (mortality, growth inhibition, malformations), we have also assessed the effects on biochemical markers of oxidative stress and detoxification (glutathione pool, GSH; activity of glutathione peroxidase, GPx; glutathione reductase, GR; activity of glutathione-S-transferase, GST). Complex biomass (I) and aqueous extract (III) were generally the most toxic fractions in terms of mortality and growth inhibition, whereas eluates containing microcystins (V) were generally less toxic. On the other hand, the same fraction (eluates) induced significant malformations in low concentrations but the effects were not related to the content of microcystins. Biomarkers were affected in variable manner but no significant effect or clear relation to microcystin content was observed. Our data support the hypothesis that microcystins are not the only or major toxic compounds in the complex cyanobacterial samples (at least for some species) and that more attention should be paid to other components of complex cyanobacterial biomass including non-specific parameters such as oxygen content or toxic ammonia released during bacterial decay of organic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Burýsková
- Centre for Cyanobacteria and their Toxins, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Science and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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