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Mohammed I, Kudaolu B, Audette Y, Longstaffe JG. Variations in fluorescence properties of humic acids from calcareous soils amended with different swine manures in a long-term soil experiment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2024; 53:697-710. [PMID: 39126247 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Molecular properties of soil humic acid (HA) can play an important role in the mechanisms regulating plant nutrient availability. This study explores how the structure of HA is altered by long-term treatment with different forms of swine manure and how these changes may influence nutrient availability. Liquid swine manure (LSM), solid swine manure (SSM), and swine manure compost (SMC) were applied to a calcareous soil over 17 years in a long-term soil fertility study. HA was extracted from site soil samples and analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopic techniques, including a Cu2+ quenching experiment, in order to assess differences in the structure and functionality of the soil organic matter (SOM) resulting from these different treatments. Emission spectra of the SSM-HA and SMC-HA are similar, while the LSM-HA is distinct. Procedures such as parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) decomposition of emission-excitation matrices showed that structures in the SSM-HA and SMC-HA samples have lower complexity, whereas the structures of LSM-HA are of higher complexity. Interactions with Cu2+ at different pH levels indicate that the LSM-HA shows more dynamic conformational changes as well as stronger interactions and higher quenching efficiency compared to the other treatments. Conversely, SMC-HA demonstrates relatively stable binding constant (Ka) values across different pH levels. The binding constants and quenching efficiency of SSM-HA are significantly affected by changes in pH. This study shows distinct structural characteristics of HA formed under different manure management systems and provides valuable insights into how these variations may impact nutrient dynamics in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Mohammed
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Busayo Kudaolu
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuki Audette
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Chitose Laboratory Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - James G Longstaffe
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Korak JA, McKay G. Critical review of fluorescence and absorbance measurements as surrogates for the molecular weight and aromaticity of dissolved organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024. [PMID: 39058291 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00183d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in aquatic environments and challenging to characterize due to its heterogeneity. Optical measurements (i.e., absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy) are popular characterization tools, because they are non-destructive, require small sample volumes, and are relatively inexpensive and more accessible compared to other techniques (e.g., high resolution mass spectrometry). To make inferences about DOM chemistry, optical surrogates have been derived from absorbance and fluorescence spectra to describe differences in spectral shape (e.g., E2:E3 ratio, spectral slope, fluorescence indices) or quantify carbon-normalized optical responses (e.g., specific absorbance (SUVA) or specific fluorescence intensity (SFI)). The most common interpretations relate these optical surrogates to DOM molecular weight or aromaticity. This critical review traces the genesis of each of these interpretations and, to the extent possible, discusses additional lines of evidence that have been developed since their inception using datasets comparing diverse DOM sources or strategic endmembers. This review draws several conclusions. More caution is needed to avoid presenting surrogates as specific to either molecular weight or aromaticity, as these physicochemical characteristics are often correlated or interdependent. Many surrogates are proposed using narrow contexts, such as fractionation of a limited number of samples or dependence on isolates. Further study is needed to determine if interpretations are generalizable to whole-waters. Lastly, there is a broad opportunity to identify why endmembers with low abundance of aromatic carbon (e.g., effluent organic matter, Antarctic lakes) often do not follow systematic trends with molecular weight or aromaticity as observed in endmembers from terrestrial environments with higher plant inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Korak
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, USA.
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Garrett McKay
- Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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3
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Liu Z, Sha H, Zhu P, Zheng H, Wang J, He J, Ma Y, An F, Liu X, Guo Z. Leachate derived humic-like substances drive the variation in microbial communities in landfill-affected groundwater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:121000. [PMID: 38669889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Landfills are commonly used for waste disposal in many countries, and pose a significant threat of groundwater contamination. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a crucial role as a carbon and energy source, supporting the growth and activity of microorganisms. However, the changes in the DOM signature and microbial community composition in landfill-affected groundwater and their bidirectional relationships remain inadequately explored. Herein, we showed that DOM originating from more recent landfills mainly comprises microbially produced substances resembling tryptophan and tyrosine. Conversely, DOM originating from older landfills predominantly comprises fulvic-like and humic-like compounds. Leachate leakage increases microbial diversity and richness and facilitates the transfer of foreign bacteria from landfills to groundwater, thereby increasing the vulnerability of the microbial ecosystem in groundwater. Deterministic processes dominated the assembly of the groundwater microbial community, while stochastic processes accounted for an increased proportion of the microbial community in the old landfills. The dominant phyla observed in groundwater were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, and humic-like substances play a crucial role in driving the variation in microbial communities in landfill-affected groundwater. Predictions using PICRUSt2 suggested significant associations between various metabolic pathways and microbial communities, with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway "Metabolism" being the most predominant. The findings contribute to advancing our understanding of the transformation of DOM and its interplay with microbial communities and can serve as a scientific reference for decision-making regarding groundwater pollution monitoring and remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haoqun Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Panpan Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- HUAZE (Beijing) Ecological Environment Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- HUAZE (Beijing) Ecological Environment Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jun He
- HUAZE (Beijing) Ecological Environment Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fengxia An
- China Energy Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xueyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100081, China.
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4
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Aftab B, Yin G, Maqbool T, Hur J, Wang J. Enhanced landfill leachate treatment performance by adsorption-assisted membrane distillation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121036. [PMID: 38134858 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling and high-strength membrane concentrate production are two limitations of membrane distillation (MD) for landfill leachate treatment. In this study, activated carbon- and biochar-based adsorption processes were integrated into a conventional MD system to overcome these limitations. The organic matter fractionations of the leachate were thoroughly investigated during the treatment. Membrane-reversible and irreversible foulants differed remarkably from the inlet leachate in the non-assisted MD system. Specifically, reversible foulants were characterized by a high abundance of humic-like fluorescent components, high-molecular-weight humic-size constituents, peptides, and unsaturated compounds. In contrast, irreversible foulants were enriched with fulvic-like fluorescent components, low-molecular-weight neutrals, unsaturated compounds, and polyphenols. The adsorption-based pre-treatment effectively removed foulant precursors from landfill leachate, with a relatively higher (20%) adsorption performance for specific biochar used in this study than for activated carbon. Compared with the non-assisted MD system, the biochar-assisted MD system showed improved performance, achieving 40% overall membrane flux recovery, 42% higher filtration fluxes, and 53% lower concentrate production. In addition, a 15% higher removal of irreversible foulants was observed as compared to the reversible foulants, which can potentially increase the membrane lifespan. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of an adsorption-assisted MD system supported by increased filtration, membrane fouling alleviation, and low-strength leachate concentrate generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Aftab
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Gege Yin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Junjian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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5
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Sha H, Liu Z, Sun Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Zheng J, Ma Y, He X. Leachate leakage enhances the microbial diversity and richness but decreases Proteobacteria and weakens stable microbial ecosystem in landfill groundwater. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120321. [PMID: 37473508 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Sanitary landfill is the most prevalent and economic method for municipal solid waste disposal, and the resultant groundwater pollution has become an environmental problem due to leachate leakage. The pollution characteristics in groundwater near landfill sites have been extensively investigated, although the succession characteristics and driving mechanisms of microbial communities in leachate-contaminated groundwater and the sensitive microbial indicators for leachate leakage identification remain poorly studied. Herein, results showed that leachate leakage enhanced the microbial diversity and richness and transferred endemic bacteria from landfills into groundwater, producing an average decrease of 17.73% in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria. The key environmental factor driving the evolution of microbial communities in groundwater due to leachate pollution was organic matter, which can explain 16.13% of the changes in microbial community composition. The |βNTI| values of the bacterial communities in all six landfills were <2, and the assembly process of microbial communities was primarily dominated using stochastic processes. Leachate pollution changed the assembly mechanism, transforming the community assembly process from an undominated process to a dispersal limitation process. Leachate pollution reduced the efficiency and stability of microbial communities in groundwater, increasing the vulnerability of the stable microbial ecosystems in groundwater. Notably, microbial indicators are more sensitive to leachate leakage and could accurately identify landfills where leachate leakage occurred and other extraneous pollutants. The phylum Proteobacteria and mcrA could act as appropriate indicators for the identification of leachate leakage. These results provide a novel insight into the monitoring, identification of groundwater pollution and the scientific guidance for appropriate remediation strategies for leachate-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqun Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenhai Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiange Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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6
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Yang Y, Wang Q, Xue J, Tian S, Du Y, Xie X, Gan Y, Deng Y, Wang Y. Organic matter degradation and arsenic enrichment in different floodplain aquifer systems along the middle reaches of Yangtze River: A thermodynamic analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 239:120072. [PMID: 37207456 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Geogenic arsenic (As) contaminated groundwater has been widely accepted associating with dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquifers, but the underlying enrichment mechanism at molecular-level from a thermodynamic perspective is poorly evidenced. To fill this gap, we contrasted the optical properties and molecular compositions of DOM coupled with hydrochemical and isotopic data in two floodplain aquifer systems with significant As variations along the middle reaches of Yangtze River. Optical properties of DOM indicate that groundwater As concentration is mainly associated with terrestrial humic-like components rather than protein-like components. Molecular signatures show that high As groundwater has lower H/C ratios, but greater DBE, AImod, and NOSC values. With the increase of groundwater As concentration, the relative abundance of CHON3 formulas gradually decreased while that of CHON2 and CHON1 increased, indicating the importance of N-containing organics in As mobility, which is also evidenced by nitrogen isotope and groundwater chemistry. Thermodynamic calculation demonstrated that organic matter with higher NOSC values preferentially favored the reductive dissolution of As-bearing Fe(III) (hydro)oxides minerals and thus promoted As mobility. These findings could provide new insights to decipher organic matter bioavailability in As mobilization from a thermodynamical perspective and are applicable to similar geogenic As-affected floodplain aquifer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Jiangkai Xue
- Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shuhang Tian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Yao Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Yamin Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China.
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
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7
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Chen L, Li R, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Chen J, Wang L, Zhu H, Zhang M, Zhang H. In Situ Visualization of Membrane Fouling Evolution during Ultrafiltration Using Label-Free Hyperspectral Light Sheet Fluorescence Imaging. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4533-4542. [PMID: 36869003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Profound understanding of fouling behaviors and underlying mechanisms is fundamentally important for fouling control in membrane-based environmental applications. Therefore, it entails novel noninvasive analytical approaches for in situ characterizing the formation and development of membrane fouling processes. This work presents a characterization approach based on hyperspectral light sheet fluorescence microscopy (HSPEC-LSFM), which is capable of discriminating various foulants and providing their 2-dimensional/3-dimensional spatial distributions on/in membranes in a label-free manner. A fast, highly sensitive and noninvasive imaging platform was established by developing a HSPEC-LSFM system and further extending it to incorporate a laboratory-scale pressure-driven membrane filtration system. Hyperspectral data sets with a spectral resolution of ∼1.1 nm and spatial resolution of ∼3 μm as well as the temporal resolution of ∼8 s/plane were obtained, and the fouling formation and development process of foulants onto membrane surfaces, within the pores and on the pore walls were clearly observed during the ultrafiltration of protein and humic substances solutions. Pore blocking/constriction at short times while cake growth/concentration polarization at longer times was found to have coupled effects for the flux decline in these filtration tests, and yet the contribution of each effect as well as the transition of the governing mechanisms was found distinct. These results demonstrate in situ label-free characterization of membrane fouling evolution with the recognition of foulant species during filtration and provide new insights into membrane fouling. This work offers a powerful tool to investigate dynamic processes for a wide range of membrane-based explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chen
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Renjian Li
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yizhi Xu
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Beijing Memtech Environmental Technology Ltd. Co, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Haiou Zhu
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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8
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Xiao Y, Fang F, Tang J, Wang Y, He Y, Xi B, Tan W, Yuan Y, Yu T. Response of bacterial communities and function to dissolved organic matters in groundwater contaminated by landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:12428-12440. [PMID: 36112290 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The migration and transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) caused by landfill leachate leakage affected the phylogenetic development of bacterial communities in groundwater around the landfill. Previous studies mainly focused on the hydrochemical properties of DOM in groundwater contaminated by landfill leachate and the relationships between groundwater quality parameters and bacterial communities. However, the changes in DOM components and bacterial communities caused by landfill leachate leakage and their correlations remained unclear. In this work, we analyzed the evolution characteristics of DOM and identified the bacterial communities and their corresponding functions in groundwater around the landfill. The results showed that DOM content in groundwater increased after the diffusion of landfill leachate to groundwater. Significant differences in characteristics between DOM components were presented at different locations in the landfill leachate plume due to the physical dilution and bacterial degradation of DOM. One of the obvious manifestations was the tendency of humic acid-like substances to accumulate at downstream points. Samples from the contaminated aquifer had higher diversity and abundance of bacterial communities than those in the uncontaminated aquifer. Anaerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria played predominant roles in contaminated groundwater, due to the input of organic matter, nitrate, and ammonia nitrogen. Redundancy analysis indicated that the content of fulvic acid-like DOM had a conspicuous impact on the composition of bacterial communities in the polluted groundwater. Vogesella were the dominant bacteria at the genus level in groundwater around the landfill. Furthermore, Vogesella were significant for microbial utilization and played an important role in the production of fulvic acid-like DOM. These results indicated that landfill leachate pollution posed a potential threat to the structure and function of bacterial communities in groundwater, and provided a basis for exploring the interaction between DOM composition and bacterial communities in groundwater plume contaminated by landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenbei New District, Shenyang Aerospace University, No. 37 Daoyi Southstreet, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Fei Fang
- Global Environmental Studies, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Jun Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yue He
- Beijing Guozhong Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102211, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenbei New District, Shenyang Aerospace University, No. 37 Daoyi Southstreet, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Tingqiao Yu
- International Education College, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, 102442, China
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9
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Xu Y, Huang D, Liu P, Ouyang Z, Jia H, Guo X. The characteristics of dissolved organic matter release from UV-aged microplastics and its cytotoxicity on human colonic adenocarcinoma cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154177. [PMID: 35231513 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are a large number of microplastic (MPs) in the sea or on land, most of which undergo physical, chemical or biological processes leading to the release of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, we analyzed the change of Polyurethane microplastic (PU-MPs) valence bond under different aging conditions thanks to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and its surface characteristics using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and also described the characteristics of DOM dissolved from PU (PU-DOM) under UV aging process in two different medium (water and air), based on Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements, UV-visible spectrometer and Three-dimensional excitation emission matrices (3D-EEMs). The DOC data both showed that Under UV aging of different systems, PU-DOM concentration increases with the extension of aging time, and correspondingly, its toxicity to human colon adenocarcinoma cells also increases, but the release amount of PU-DOM under air aging is higher than that of PU-DOM in water. We speculate that it may be the refraction and scattering of water, which leads to the reduction of the intensity of UV radiation. 3D-EEMs identified tryptophan-like fluorescent component and tyrosine-like component, meanwhile, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) data further confirmed the formation of acid substances. The results further confirmed that the composition of PU-DOM in different systems is the same, but the release amount is different. The contents of the produced conjugated carbonyls and Reactive oxygen species (ROS) because of light irradiation increased likewise. The cytotoxicity of PU-DOM was consistent with the changing trend of ROS level in PU-MPs, suggesting that the produced ROS induced the in vitro toxicities. The results not only highlight the adverse health effects of photoaged PU-MPs, but also provide new perspectives for the environmental risks of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Daofen Huang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhuozhi Ouyang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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10
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Ma Y, Liu ZH, Xi BD, Li WT, Xu YQ, Zhao HZ, Chen ZQ, He XS, Xing B. Molecular structure and evolution characteristics of dissolved organic matter in groundwater near landfill: Implications of the identification of leachate leakage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147649. [PMID: 34000547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Landfills can cause groundwater contamination, the pollution characteristics in groundwater near landfill sites have been extensively investigated, while the rapid identification of leachate leakage remained unclear. Comprehensively characterizing dissolved organic matter (DOM) is crucial for tracing the source, species, and migration of contaminants within groundwater and protecting groundwater sources. Here, we showed that DOM composition from newer landfills was mainly composed of newly-produced tryptophan and tyrosine, and protein-like and humic-like substances were more abundant in landfills that were relatively older. DOM in landfill groundwater was initially dominated by outputs from microbial activities, followed by terrigenous input. Leaked leachate contained an additional dye-derived fluorescent matter at the excitation/emission wavelength of 240-260/440-460 nm that was absent in uncontaminated groundwater. Leachate leakage increased the concentrations of humic-like substance, DOM molecular weight, and microbial activity in the downstream groundwater, resulting in the microorganisms rapidly multiply and secrete large amounts of microbial metabolism by-products, making them suitable indicators of groundwater pollution. Three criteria were proposed to establish an interpretable fluorescence method to identify leachate pollution. The obtained results provide a novel insight into not only the monitoring, early warning, and identification but also the transport, fate and removal or transformation of groundwater leachate in landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhen-Hai Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bei-Dou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wen-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Water Pollution Control Technology and Equipment, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hang-Zheng Zhao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhu-Qi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiao-Song He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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11
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Wang J, Yue D, Cui D, Zhang L, Dong X. Insights into Adsorption of Humic Substances on Graphitic Carbon Nitride. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7910-7919. [PMID: 34038104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (CN) has been widely used in environmental pollution remediation. However, the adsorption of organic compounds on CNs, which has practical significance for the environmental application of CNs, is poorly understood. For the first time, this study systematically investigated the adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of humic substances (HSs), i.e., humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA), on CNs derived from four typical precursors. Intriguingly, CN derived from urea (CN-U) showed a great capacity for HS adsorption due to its porous structure and large surface area, with maximum adsorption amounts of 73.24 and 51.62 mgC/g for HA and FA, respectively. The formation, influencing factors, and relative contributions of multiple interactions to HS adsorption on CNs were thoroughly elucidated. HS adsorption on CNs was mainly mediated by electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, and H-bonding. The dominance of electrostatic interactions resulted in HS adsorption being highly dependent on pH and ionic strength. HS components with high aromaticity and high molecular weight were preferentially adsorbed due to π-π interactions. These multiple interactions were largely affected by amino groups and tri-s-triazine units of CNs, as well as the moieties of aromatic rings and oxygen-containing groups of HSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongbei Yue
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongyu Cui
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- State Environmental Protection Key laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lingyue Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinwei Dong
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Qiao W, Guo H, He C, Shi Q, Zhao B. Unraveling roles of dissolved organic matter in high arsenic groundwater based on molecular and optical signatures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124702. [PMID: 33296763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a crucial controlling factor in mobilizing arsenic. However, direct delineations of DOM regarding both optical properties and molecular signatures were rarely conducted in high-arsenic groundwater. Here, both groundwater and surface water were taken from the Hetao Basin, China, to decipher DOM properties with both optical spectrophotometer and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The tryptophan-like component (C4) was averagely less than 30% in groundwater DOM, being positively associated with high H/C-ratio molecules (H/C > 1.2) and mainly grouped as highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds and aliphatic compounds. Other three humic-like components (C1, C2, C3) had positive associations with low H/C-ratio molecules (H/C < 1.2), which mainly consisted of highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds, polyphenols, and polycyclic aromatics. Groundwater arsenic concentrations were positively correlated with humic-like, low H/C-ratio, and recalcitrant organic compounds, which may be the consequence of labile organic matter degradation. The degradation caused Fe(III) oxide reduction and mobilized the solid arsenic. In addition, high abundances of these recalcitrant organic compounds in high-arsenic groundwater may contribute to arsenic enrichment via electron shuttling, competition for surface sites, and complexation process. It suggested that groundwater proxies would be either the result or the cause of biogeochemical processes in aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Huaming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
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Photocatalytic degradation of dissolved organic matter under ZnO-catalyzed artificial sunlight irradiation system. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13090. [PMID: 32753696 PMCID: PMC7403426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) under ZnO-assisted artificial sunlight system at various conditions (ZnO dosage, pH, and the presence of Cl−, SO42−, and HCO3−). The results show that the degradation of DOM follows a pseudo-first-order kinetics. Fluorescence excitation–emission matrices coupled with parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis decomposes DOM into two fluorophores (C1 and C2). The total removals and photodegradation rates calculated with DOC, UV254, and the Fmax of C1 are similar, increasing with higher ZnO dosages and being highest in pH 7 and lowest in pH 4. ZnO dosage has a similar effect on DOM degradation when assessed using C2, as with C1, but pH effect is not consistent. As for the anions, HCO3− shows the strongest inhibition for DOC, UV254 and C1 while Cl− has the strongest facilitation effect for C2. The total removal and photodegradation rates calculated with the Fmax of C1 and C2 are higher than those calculated using DOC and UV254. This study demonstrates that the successful application of EEM-PARAFAC analysis in addition to traditional parameters can provide further insight into the photocatalytic degradation mechanisms associated with DOM in conjunction with a ZnO catalyst under artificial sunlight.
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Shafiquzzaman M, Haider H, Bhuiyan MA, Ahmed AT, AlSaleem SS, Ghumman AR. Spatiotemporal variations of DOM components in the Kushiro River impacted by a wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18287-18302. [PMID: 32185731 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been recognized as a serious water quality problem in natural water bodies receiving pollution loads from point and nonpoint sources. The present study investigates the spatiotemporal variability of DOM composition in the Kushiro River and its tributaries (Eastern Hokkaido, Japan) impacted by the Kushiro wetland. Water samples were collected in the wet and dry seasons from several locations of the river and analyzed for DOM characteristics by UV-visible and excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy techniques and by developing water quality index. Rather than the spatial effect, significant seasonal impacts on DOM pollution in the Kushiro River were observed. Overall concentrations of DOM decreased during the dry season. The increase of specific ultraviolet absorbance in the dry season indicated an increasing trend of humification, aromaticity and molecular weight of DOM. Five fluorescent peaks, including peaks A, C, M, B, and T were predicted by EEM spectra. Peaks A and C were found to be the most dominating peaks in both the seasons and indicated enrichment of humic-like matters in river water. The intensities of poly-aromatic humic substances as well as DOM components of microbial origin increase in the wet season and proteins like autochthonous DOM increase during the dry season. The study recognized the contribution of freshly produced DOM component by the decomposition of wetland plants in wet season and effect of snowfall in the dry season. Analysis of three fluorescence indices revealed that the river water primarily contains terrestrially dominated DOM. A significant impact of the adjacent WWTPs and wetland to the river water DOM were also observed. The water quality index of river water DOM showed low to medium levels of DOM pollution in the Kushiro River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafiquzzaman
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Qassim University, P. O. Box 6677, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Husnain Haider
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Qassim University, P. O. Box 6677, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed A Bhuiyan
- Civil & Infrastructure Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Abdelkader T Ahmed
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleem S AlSaleem
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Qassim University, P. O. Box 6677, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Razzaq Ghumman
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Qassim University, P. O. Box 6677, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
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15
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He XS, Zhang YL, Liu ZH, Wei D, Liang G, Liu HT, Xi BD, Huang ZB, Ma Y, Xing BS. Interaction and coexistence characteristics of dissolved organic matter with toxic metals and pesticides in shallow groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113736. [PMID: 31877467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The long-term and large-scale utilization of fertilizers and pesticides in facility agriculture leads to groundwater pollution. However, the coexistence and interactions between organic fertilizers (i.e., organic matter), toxic metals, and pesticides in shallow groundwater have seldom been studied. Thus, the study sought to characterize said interactions via fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy and chemometric techniques. The results indicated that groundwater DOM was comprised of protein-, polysaccharide-, and lignin-like substances derived from organic fertilizers. Protein-like substances accounted for the binding of Co, Ni, and Fe, while polysaccharide- and lignin-like substances were mainly responsible for Cr and Mo complexation. Moreover, lignin- and polysaccharide-like substances played a key role in the binding of pesticides (i.e., dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT], endosulfan, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane [γ-HCH], monocrotophos, chlorpyrifos, and chlorfenvinphos), rendering the conversion of γ-HCH to β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) and the degradation of DDT to dichlorobenzene dichloroethylene (DDE) ineffective. However, the presence of protein-like substances in groundwater benefited the degradation and conversion of γ-HCH and α-endosulfan. Redundancy analyses showed that lignin- and polysaccharide-like matter had the most impacts on the coexistence of DOM with toxic metals and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Song He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhen-Hai Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Naikai University, Tianjin 300350, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dan Wei
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bei-Dou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhan-Bin Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Bao-Shan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Aftab B, Cho J, Shin HS, Hur J. Using EEM-PARAFAC to probe NF membrane fouling potential of stabilized landfill leachate pretreated by various options. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:260-269. [PMID: 31693970 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment processes substantially modify the organic composition of landfill leachate, which affect the fouling behavior in the post-treatment of membrane filtration. In this study, the changes in the chemical composition of stabilized landfill leachate upon various pretreatments, which encompassed coagulation/flocculation (C/F), ion exchange resins (MIEX), granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, and their combinations, were tracked via excitation emission matrix - parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), and the membrane fouling potentials were assessed in the subsequent processes of nanofiltration (NF). Fluorescence components, fulvic-like (C1), protein-like (C2), and humic-like (C3), were identified and validated using EEM-PARAFAC. MIEX and C/F pretreatments were not effective to remove C1 and C2, which were associated with relatively small sized and hydrophilic molecules. GAC adsorption did not show any preference with the removal towards different components. These differences in the chemical heterogeneity among the variously pretreated leachates led to the discrepancies in membrane fluxes at a similar leachate concentration. The result also signified the importance of probing the chemical composition of pretreated leachate for the optimization of the post membrane filtration. The sum of C2 and C3 in the pretreated leachate showed a good correlation with reversible membrane fouling resistance (r = 0.93; p < 0.05), while C1 was highly correlated with irreversible membrane resistance (r = 0.872; P < 0.05). These findings provided a new insight into the applicability of fluorescence spectroscopy for tracking the changes in the membrane fouling potential of stabilized landfill leachate after various pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Aftab
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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17
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Shi MS, Huang WS, Hsu LF, Yeh YL, Chen TC. Fluorescence of Size-Fractioned Humic Substance Extracted from Sediment and Its Effect on the Sorption of Phenanthrene. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245087. [PMID: 31847073 PMCID: PMC6950687 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (Phe) is a toxin and is ubiquitous in the environment. The sediment humic substances (HS) that bind Phe affect the fate, transport, degradation, and ecotoxicology of Phe. This study investigated Phe sorption constants on size-fractioned HS extracted from river sediment. Fractions were identified as HHS (10 kDa to 0.45 μm), MHS (1-10 kDa), and LHS (<1 kDa). A fluorescence quenching (FQ) method was used to determine the Phe log KHS on size-fractioned HS; the values ranged from 3.97 to 4.68 L/kg-C. The sorption constant (log KHS) is a surrogate of the binding capacity between HS and Phe, where a high log KHS reduces the toxicity and degradation of Phe. The log KHS values on HHS and MHS were significantly higher than the values on LHS (p = 0.015). The SUVA254 values of HHS and MHS were also significantly higher than the LHS value (p = 0.047), while fluorescence index (FI) and S275-295 values were significantly lower than the LHS values (p < 0.005). The HHS and MHS had a higher aromaticity and more terrestrial sources than LHS. The log KHS had a significant correlation with the selected optical indicators (p < 0.002), which suggested that the HS-bound Phe was positively affected by high aromaticity, terrestrial sources, and HS molecular weight. The results demonstrated that optical methods successfully obtained log KHS and the chemical properties of fractioned HS as well as the influenced factors of log KHS. Moreover, even the LHS had a capacity to bind with Phe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Sheu Shi
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (M.-S.S.); (Y.-L.Y.)
| | - Wei-Shiang Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - Liang-Fong Hsu
- Department of Applied English, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan 71002, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Lung Yeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (M.-S.S.); (Y.-L.Y.)
| | - Ting-Chien Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-8774-0333
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18
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Wen G, Wang T, Li K, Wang H, Wang J, Huang T. Aerobic denitrification performance of strain Acinetobacter johnsonii WGX-9 using different natural organic matter as carbon source: Effect of molecular weight. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 164:114956. [PMID: 31415966 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of natural organic matter (NOM) including humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA), intracellular organic matter (IOM) extracted from Microcystis aeruginosa (MA) and Chlorella sp. (CH), and their different molecular weight (MW) fractions on the aerobic denitrification performance of bacterial strain WGX-9 by monitoring nitrogen removal efficiency and testing changes in organic matter with HA, FA, MA-IOM and CH-IOM as the sole carbon source. Strain WGX-9 was identified as Acinetobacter johnsonii and exhibited excellent aerobic denitrification capability. The nitrate removal efficiency with IOM as the sole carbon source was relatively higher than that with NOM as the sole carbon source. The prepared NOM and extracted IOM samples were separated into six fractions with MW cut-offs of 100, 30, 10, 5 and 1 kDa. The fraction of MW > 100 kDa contributed the largest amount to the MW distribution, accounting for 77.11%, 29.00%, 44.97% and 24.81% of HA, FA, MA-IOM, and CH-IOM, respectively. Nitrate removal efficiency was improved with decreasing MW of organic matter. For example, nitrate removal efficiency was 26.50%, 32.41%, 27.88% and 43.89% using HA, FA, MA-IOM, and CH-IOM fractions of MW > 100 kDa as the carbon source, whereas with MW < 1 kDa, it increased to 36.67%, 37.88%, 60.90%, and 68.90%, respectively. This is probably because the smaller MW fraction is more suitable for bacterial growth. These results demonstrate that the strain WGX-9 can utilize lower MW organic matter, which lays the foundations for nitrogen removal in actual drinking water reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Aftab B, Ok YS, Cho J, Hur J. Targeted removal of organic foulants in landfill leachate in forward osmosis system integrated with biochar/activated carbon treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 160:217-227. [PMID: 31152947 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has been adopted to treat complex wastewater such as landfill leachate due to its high rejection of organics. In this study, the in-line adsorptive process using biochar (BC) or powdered activated carbon (PAC) was applied to a cross flow FO system to enhance the mitigation of the FO membrane fouling from landfill leachate. The changes in the leachate composition along the treatments were tracked by excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) to identify tryptophan-like (C1), fulvic-like (C2), and humic-like (C3) components. After a single operation of FO, the C1 was found to be the main constituent responsible for membrane fouling irrespective of varying operation conditions regarding draw solute concentrations and flow rates. Both sorbents (i.e., BC and PAC) exhibited the preferential removal behavior towards C1 > C2 > C3, which was well supported by their individual adsorption isotherm model parameters. The addition of in-line adsorption treatment to FO resulted in substantial improvements in the filtered volume (>57%) and the flux recovery (>80%) compared to the single FO operation. Without chemical cleaning of membrane, the flux was fully recovered at a dose of 10 g/L BC or 0.3 g/L of PAC. A significant and negative correlation was found between the flux recovery and the C1 of the feed leachate or the corresponding spectral peak intensity (p < 0.05) for the integrated FO system, suggesting the potential of using on-line fluorescence monitoring for the performance of the integrated system in terms of fouling mitigation. This study provided a new insight into the effectiveness of BC or PAC adsorption as the in-line integration with an FO system for the targeted removal of FO membrane foulants in landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Aftab
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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Lee YK, Lee MH, Hur J. A new molecular weight (MW) descriptor of dissolved organic matter to represent the MW-dependent distribution of aromatic condensation: Insights from biodegradation and pyrene binding experiments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:169-176. [PMID: 30640085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we utilized a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) system that was equipped with a fluorescence emission scanning mode to explore the heterogeneous distribution of the humification index (HIX) values within bulk dissolved organic matter (DOM). The HIX-based SEC chromatograms showed that the molecular weight (MW)-dependent distribution of aromatic condensation was heavily affected by the DOM sources and the progress of biodegradation. The HIX heterogeneity across different MW was more pronounced for terrestrial versus aquatic DOM sources. Microbial incubation of leaf litter DOM led to the initial enhancement of the HIX at a relatively low MW, followed by a gradual increase at larger MW values. The dynamic changes of the HIX can be attributed to (1) the preferential removal of non-aromatic or less-aromatic molecules by microorganisms, (2) the production of microbial metabolites, (3) microbial humification, and (4) self-assemblage of humic-like molecules. From the SEC chromatograms, the HIX-based average molecular weight (or MWHIX) was proposed as a unifying surrogate to represent an MW that was highly associated with aromatic condensation. The MWHIX discriminated four different DOM sources and described well the biodegradation-induced changes. The MWHIX also presented a good positive correlation with pyrene organic carbon-normalized binding coefficients (Koc). The prediction capability of the MWHIX for pyrene Koc was higher than those based on the single descriptors of bulk DOM, such as HIX and MW, which revealed its superior linkage with the DOM reactivity related to both MW and HIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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21
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Cemre Birben N, Bekbolet M. Role of emerging contaminants on solar photocatalytic treatment of organic matter in reverse osmosis concentrate. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Fu H, Liu K, Alvarez PJJ, Yin D, Qu X, Zhu D. Quantifying hydrophobicity of natural organic matter using partition coefficients in aqueous two-phase systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:922-929. [PMID: 30609497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophobicity of natural organic matter (NOM) is of great significance for its interfacial processes in natural and engineered systems. However, there is no well-accepted method for the routine determination of NOM hydrophobicity. In this study, the hydrophobicity of NOM spanning a wide range of origins and properties was quantified based on their partition coefficients (KATPS) in poly (ethylene glycol)/potassium citrate aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS). The LnKATPS of NOM correlated well with the elemental, structural, and thermodynamic indices commonly used to characterize NOM hydrophobicity, including (O + N)/C, O/C, aromatic and aliphatic carbon, and the free energy of interactions between molecules (ΔGiwi). A simple linear model was developed to predict NOM hydrophobicity using KATPS. The model was validated using 20 natural water samples collected from rivers and lakes, which suggested good prediction power. ATPS scale system is simple, fast, low-cost, environmentally friendly, and requires little pretreatment and small sample volume. Overall, KATPS can be used as quantitative measure of NOM hydrophobicity that facilitates routinely characterizing the interfacial properties of NOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston TX 77005, United States
| | - Daqiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Dongqiang Zhu
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Lee MH, Osburn CL, Shin KH, Hur J. New insight into the applicability of spectroscopic indices for dissolved organic matter (DOM) source discrimination in aquatic systems affected by biogeochemical processes. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 147:164-176. [PMID: 30308375 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on changes to optical proxies of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by biogeochemical processing, the applicability of commonly-used spectroscopic indices has not been explored as DOM source tracking tools under conditions where biogeochemical processes may alter them. For this study, two contrasting DOM end members, Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and algogenic DOM (ADOM), and their mixtures, were used to examine the potential changes in the conservative mixing behaviors of several well-known optical indices via end member mixing analysis under the influence of biodegradation, UV irradiation, and clay mineral (kaolin) adsorption. Most of the source tracking indices exhibited large deviations from conservative mixing behavior between the two end-members. Biodegradation tended to lower the portions of labile and ADOM in the mixtures, while the allochthonous end member (SRFA) was reduced by a greater extent after the process of UV irradiation or adsorption. The extent of the variations in biological index (BIX) and fluorescence index (FI) was smaller for more allochthonous DOM mixtures under the processes of biodegradation and UV irradiation. Overall, the process-driven variations in ratios of humic-like: protein-like fluorescence (as modeled by parallel factor analysis, PARAFAC) were greater for the SRFA versus ADOM. Evaluation criteria used in this study suggested that BIX, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and FI each could be the reliable discrimination parameter least affected by biodegradation, UV irradiation, and adsorption, respectively. This study provided criterion information for the choice and the interpretation of the optical indices for DOM source discrimination in aquatic environments after substantial biogeochemical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hee Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Christopher L Osburn
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Three-Dimensional Excitation and Emission Fluorescence-Based Method for Evaluation of Maillard Reaction Products in Food Waste Treatment. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/6758794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrothermal treatment (HT) of food waste (FW) can form Maillard reaction products (MRPs), the biorefractory organic matter due to the occurrence of Maillard reaction. However, the integrating qualitative and quantitative approach to assess MRPs is scarce. The goal of this study was to develop a method to characterize and quantify MRPs created by HT of FW. MRPs were identified by molecular weight fractionation, indirect spectrometric indicators, and three-dimensional excitation-emission fluorescence (3DEEM) analysis. The 3DEEM method combined with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) and parallel factor (PARAFAC) analyses was able to differentiate clearly between MRPs and other dissolved organic compounds compared to other approaches. The volume of fluorescence Φ from FRI and maximum fluorescence intensity Fmax from PARAFAC were found to be suitable quantitative parameters for determination of MRPs in the hydrothermal FW system. These two parameters were validated with samples from hydrothermal FW under various operating temperatures and pH.
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Aftab B, Shin HS, Hur J. Exploring the fate and oxidation behaviors of different organic constituents in landfill leachate upon Fenton oxidation processes using EEM-PARAFAC and 2D-COS-FTIR. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 354:33-41. [PMID: 29727788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the changes of different organic constituents in landfill leachate were tracked in Fenton oxidation processes with different operation parameters including H2O2 doses, pH, and the ratios of [H2O2]/[Fe] via fluorescence excitation emission matrix - parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS). One tryptophan-like (C1), one fulvic-like (C2), and one humic-like (C3) components were identified in the leachates. The removal behaviors of the individual fluorescent components were dependent upon the operation conditions, suggesting the existence of unique characteristics with respect to the responses to the oxidation mechanisms, which were likely altered by different operation conditions. For all tested conditions, a greater extent of removal was consistently found for C3 versus C1 and C2 except for the relatively high pH ranges (>6.0), in which C2 presented the highest removal rates. 2D-COS combined with synchronous fluorescence spectra exhibited the preferential oxidation sequence in the order of C3 > C1 > C2 with higher H2O2 doses. 2D-COS coupled with Fourier transform infrared (2D-COS-FTIR) showed that aromatic functional groups were initially oxidized, followed by the removal of carboxylic groups and the formation of inorganic functional groups and aldehyde or ketonic groups. Hetero 2D-COS maps further revealed the close association between the aromatic groups and C3, and between the carboxylic groups and C1. This study utilizing 2D-COS provided new insights into the dynamic behavior of heterogeneous landfill leachate in Fenton oxidation processes under varying operation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Aftab
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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Phong DD, Hur J. Using Two-Dimensional Correlation Size Exclusion Chromatography (2D-CoSEC) and EEM-PARAFAC to Explore the Heterogeneous Adsorption Behavior of Humic Substances on Nanoparticles with Respect to Molecular Sizes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:427-435. [PMID: 29266942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption behaviors of different constituents within bulk humic substances (HS) on two nanoparticles, TiO2 and ZnO, were examined by using two-dimensional correlation size exclusion chromatography (2D-CoSEC) and excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), which separated bulk HS into different size fractions and fluorescent components, respectively. Subtle changes in the size distributions of HS with increasing adsorbents were successfully identified and tracked via the 2D-CoSEC. From adsorption isotherm experiments, three different HS constituent groups with respect to sizes and fluorescence features were identified by the 2D-CoSEC and EEM-PARAFAC, respectively. The chromatographically separated HS size groups presented dissimilar adsorption behaviors in terms of adsorption affinity and isotherm nonlinearity. The sequence orders of adsorption, interpreted from the 2D-CoSEC, was consistent with those of the isotherm model parameters individually calculated for different HS size subfractions, signifying the promising application of 2D-CoSEC in obtaining an insight into the heterogeneous adsorption of HS in terms of molecular sizes. EEM-PARAFAC results also supported the major finding of the 2D-CoSEC as shown by the preferential adsorption of the fluorescent components associated with large molecular sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diep Dinh Phong
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University , 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay City, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University , 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
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Chen M, Kim SH, Jung HJ, Hyun JH, Choi JH, Lee HJ, Huh IA, Hur J. Dynamics of dissolved organic matter in riverine sediments affected by weir impoundments: Production, benthic flux, and environmental implications. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 121:150-161. [PMID: 28527389 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the characteristics and dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the sediment of rivers affected by impoundments, we examined the vertical profiles and the benthic fluxes of DOM in four different core sediments located at upstream sites of weirs in major rivers of South Korea. In three out of four sites, exponential accumulation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) with depth was observed with the signature of seasonal variability. Except for the site displaying a below-detection limit of Fe(II), the general accumulation trends of DOC with depth was concurrent with the increases of Fe(II) and NH4+ and the decrease of PO43-, signifying a close linkage of the DOM dynamics with anaerobic respiration via iron reduction, an important early diagenesis pathway. The estimated benthic fluxes from the cores revealed that the sediments likely serve as DOC, chromophoric DOM (CDOM), and fluorescent DOM (FDOM) sources to the overlying water. The benthic effluxes based on DOC were comparable to the ranges previously reported in lake and coastal areas, and those of CDOM and FDOM showed even higher levels. These findings imply that impoundment-affected river systems would change the DOM composition of the overlying water, ultimately influencing the subsequent water treatment processes such as disinfection byproducts production and membrane fouling. A simple mass balance model indicated that the impoundment-affected river sediments may operate as a net carbon sink in the environments due to a greater extent of sedimentation compared to the estimated benthic efflux and sediment biological respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Chen
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 1 dong, Ansan, Gyeonggi do, 15588, South Korea
| | - Heon-Jae Jung
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Hyun
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, Hanyang University, 1271 Sa 1 dong, Ansan, Gyeonggi do, 15588, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Choi
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Lee
- Geosystem Research Corporation, Gunpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15807, South Korea
| | - In-Ae Huh
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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28
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Derrien M, Lee YK, Park JE, Li P, Chen M, Lee SH, Lee SH, Lee JB, Hur J. Spectroscopic and molecular characterization of humic substances (HS) from soils and sediments in a watershed: comparative study of HS chemical fractions and the origins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16933-16945. [PMID: 28577143 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties and molecular composition of humic substances (HS) can provide valuable information on the sources and the history of the associated biogeochemical processes. In this study, many well-known spectral and molecular characteristics were examined in eight different HS samples, which were extracted from soils and sediments located in a forested watershed, via two advanced tools including fluorescence excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Two humic-like (C1 and C2) and one protein-like (C3) components were identified from EEM-PARAFAC. Irrespective of the origins, humic acid (HA) fractions were distinguished from fulvic acid (FA) fractions by the HS characteristics of specific UV absorbance (SUVA), the number of formulas, maximum fluorescence intensities of C1 and C2, condensed aromatics, tannins, and CHON, CHOS, and CHONS classes. In contrast, only five HS indices, including C3 intensity, H%, modified aromatic index (AImod), the percentages of carbohydrates, and unsaturated hydrocarbons, were found to be significant factors in discriminating between the two HS origins (i.e., soils and sediments). The ordination of the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix further confirmed that the HS chemical fraction (i.e., HA or FA) was the more important factor to determine the measured HS characteristics than the HS origin. Our results provided an in-depth insight into the chemical and structural heterogeneity of bulk HS, which could be even beyond the differences observed along the two HS origins. This study also delivers a cautious message that the two operationally defined HS chemical fractions should be carefully considered in tracking the origins of different HS samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Derrien
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Park
- Research Group for Mass Spectrometry, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, 28119, South Korea
| | - Penghui Li
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Meilian Chen
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Sang Hee Lee
- Environmental measurement analysis center, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyung Lee
- Water environmental engineering research division, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon, 22689, South Korea
| | - Jun-Bae Lee
- Geum River water environmental research center, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Okcheon, Chungchung, 29029, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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Aftab B, Hur J. Fast tracking the molecular weight changes of humic substances in coagulation/flocculation processes via fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 178:317-324. [PMID: 28334671 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The removal of a commercial humic acid (HA) and changes in its chemical composition were examined for coagulation/flocculation (C/F) processes based on jar tests using two different coagulants at a wide range of pH. ZrCl4 showed a better performance in eliminating HA than Al2SO4 with the same removal rates at lower dosages. The highest removal rates were found at a neutral pH range (5.0-6.5). The HA was further decomposed into three different humic-like components (C1, C2, and C3) by excitation emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Although the removal rates of all three components generally followed those of dissolved organic carbon, the relative removals of the individual components depended on the coagulant's doses and the solution pH. The fluorescent components of five ultrafiltered size fractions of the HA revealed that the peak with a longer emission wavelength could be associated with larger sized molecules. The C1/C3 ratios of the size fractions exhibited a significant linear relationship with the logarithmic values of the average molecular weight (MW) measured by size exclusion chromatography, which made it possible to predict the HA MW value changes upon the C/F using EEM-PARAFAC alone. Irrespective of the coagulant types and the pH, larger sized HA molecules were removed to a greater extent than smaller sized fractions. The preferential removal was more pronounced for ZrCl4 versus Al2SO4 and at a neutral pH range. Our study suggests a great potential of EEM-PARAFAC in fast tracking the MW of humic substances in conventional C/F processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Aftab
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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Yang C, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. Microbial transformation of intracellular dissolved organic matter from Microcystis aeruginosa and its effect on the binding of pyrene under oxic and anoxic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:6461-6471. [PMID: 28070815 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The environmental behaviour and the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are strongly affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic environments. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of the bioavailability and character of the intracellular DOM (IDOM) from Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa-IDOM) during 10 days oxic and anoxic incubations by spectroscopy. Subsequently, the binding affinity of pyrene with the initial/altered M. aeruginosa-IDOM was estimated by fluorescence quenching method. The incubation results indicated that changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and selected spectral descriptors of the M. aeruginosa-IDOM under oxic condition were different from those of anoxic condition. The microbial transformation of the M. aeruginosa-IDOM resulted in an enhancement of the organic carbon-normalized binding coefficient (K DOC) of pyrene in both oxic and anoxic treatments. Moreover, only for the oxic condition, Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that aromaticity (specific UV absorbance at 254 nm, SUVA254), humification degree (humification index, HIX) and the percent distribution of humic-like component 2 (%C2) presented significantly positive correlations with the pyrene K DOC, while the percent distribution of protein-like component 1 (%C1) exhibited a negative correlation with the K DOC. However, no significant correlation was observed between any spectral descriptor and the K DOC under anoxic condition. This result suggested that the binding affinity of pyrene may be primarily influenced by the altered M. aeruginosa-IDOM characteristics associated with the biological transformation. Hence, our results provided potential evidence for resolving the inconsistency in the relationships between DOM characteristics and the binding affinities of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxian Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, 363000, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Ren J, Fan W, Wang X, Ma Q, Li X, Xu Z, Wei C. Influences of size-fractionated humic acids on arsenite and arsenate complexation and toxicity to Daphnia magna. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 108:68-77. [PMID: 27865433 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic physicochemical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) may affect the mobility and toxicity of arsenic in aquatic environments. In the present study, the humic acid (HA) was ultra-filtered into five fractions according to molecular weight, and their physicochemical properties were characterized. Complexation of HA fractions with arsenite and arsenate was first determined by differential pulse polarography (DPP). The influences of HA fractions on arsenic toxicity were then examined using Daphnia magna as a model organism. As(V) had a higher affinity with HA than As(III), and their complexation was dependent on the total acidity and fluorescence characteristics of DOM. We demonstrated that the acidity and fluorescence also better explained the As toxicity to daphnids than UV absorbance and hydraulic diameter. Arsenic speciation determined by DPP significantly affected the toxicity of arsenite and arsenate. The results extended the free-ion activity model application to the case of arsenic. The present study clearly indicated that DOM with different molecular weights has distinct physicochemical properties, and could influence the speciation and toxicity of As to different extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqian Ren
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Xiangrui Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qingquan Ma
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhizhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Beijing Municipal Institute of Labor Protection, Beijing 100054, PR China
| | - Chaoyang Wei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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32
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Quang VL, Kim HC, Maqbool T, Hur J. Fate and fouling characteristics of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in ultrafiltration of terrestrial humic substances. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 165:126-133. [PMID: 27643658 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling caused by terrestrial input of dissolved organic matter (DOM), especially during high flood periods, is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the fouling characteristics of three different terrestrial humic substances (HS) on regenerated cellulose (RC) UF membranes with the pore sizes of 30 k-3 kDa via conventional bulk HS measurements as well as an advanced fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) identified one protein-like (C1) and three humic-like fluorescent components (C2-C4) from soil and leaf-derived HS. The fate of the different fluorescent components was individually tracked for the UF processes. The higher removal rates were found generally on the order of high molecular weight (HMW) C1 to smaller sized humic-like components (C4 > C3 > C2) regardless of the HS sources, implying the importance of HS molecular sizes on the UF operation. Among the humic-like components, C2 was the most associated with irreversible fouling, while other two humic-like components contributed more to reversible fouling. For soil-derived HS, C4 can be suggested as a good surrogate for membrane fouling, as evidenced by the highest correlation between the removal rates and the total fouling indices among the tested HS variables including conventional bulk parameters. Our study demonstrated a promising application of EEM-PARAFAC for probing membrane fouling of terrestrial DOM, which provided additional insight into the fate of different fluorescent components on the UF processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Ly Quang
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Water Resources Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
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Phong DD, Hur J. Non-catalytic and catalytic degradation of effluent dissolved organic matter under UVA-and UVC-irradiation tracked by advanced spectroscopic tools. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 105:199-208. [PMID: 27619496 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-catalytic and catalytic photodegradation of effluent dissolved organic matter (EfDOM) was examined under two different light sources (UVA and UVC). The degradation behavior was tracked by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV absorbance, and different fluorescent components. Catalytic UV irradiation resulted in much higher degradation rates than those without photocatalysts (TiO2 and ZnO) regardless of the tracking variables. For non-catalytic degradation, the highest removal rates of UV absorbance were found at wavelengths close to the irradiation of either UVC or UVA, while the photocatalytic degradation rates were consistently higher at longer wavelengths. The pseudo first-order rates of UV absorbance individually calculated at several representative wavelengths were very consistent with the sequential orders interpreted from two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS). Excitation emission matrix - parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) identified one tryptophan-like (C1) and two humic-like (C2 and C3) components from EfDOM samples. Among those, C1 exhibited the lowest adsorption extent and the highest degradation rates for both photocatalysts, suggesting that the photocatalysis is mainly governed by hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution. All observed degradation behaviors were well explained by the irradiation wavelengths, the extent of adsorption onto catalysts, and the presumed structure of the tracked component. Our study demonstrated that EEM-PARAFAC and 2D-COS could provide further insights into both non-catalytic and catalytic degradation of EfDOM upon UV-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diep Dinh Phong
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea.
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Kozyatnyk I, Bouchet S, Björn E, Haglund P. Fractionation and size-distribution of metal and metalloid contaminants in a polluted groundwater rich in dissolved organic matter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 318:194-202. [PMID: 27427886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the concentration levels, fractionation and molecular weight distribution (MWD) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and metals (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Ba, Hg and Pb) in a polluted groundwater from an industrial area in Northern Sweden. DOM was mainly recovered in the hydrophobic acidic and hydrophobic neutral sub-fractions (45 and 35%, respectively) while most metals were found in the acidic sub-fractions (46-93%) except for V, Fe and As, which were predominant in the basic sub-fractions (74-93%) and Cd in the neutral ones (50%). DOM exhibited a broad MWD in groundwaters, usually from 5 to 200kDa and was dominated by high molecular weight hydrophobic acids, low molecular weight hydrophilic acids and hydrophilic neutral compounds. Most of the studied metals (Fe, Cr, Co, Sn, Ba, Hg) were associated with the high molecular weight DOM fraction (ca. 40-100kDa). Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Ni interacted with a broad range of DOM size fractions but were still most abundant in the high molecular weight fraction. Few metal/metalloids (As, V and Cr in some cases) presented a very weak affinity for DOM and presumably existed predominantly as "free" inorganic ions in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kozyatnyk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Sylvain Bouchet
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik Björn
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Haglund
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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He XS, Fan QD. Investigating the effect of landfill leachates on the characteristics of dissolved organic matter in groundwater using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectra coupled with fluorescence regional integration and self-organizing map. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:21229-21237. [PMID: 27491518 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of investigating the effect of landfill leachate on the characteristics of organic matter in groundwater, groundwater samples were collected near and in a landfill site, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) was extracted from the groundwater samples and characterized by excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra combined with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) and self-organizing map (SOM). The results showed that the groundwater DOM comprised humic-, fulvic-, and protein-like substances. The concentration of humic-like matter showed no obvious variation for all groundwater except the sample collected in the landfill site. Fulvic-like substance content decreased when the groundwater was polluted by landfill leachates. There were two kinds of protein-like matter in the groundwater. One kind was bound to humic-like substances, and its content did not change along with groundwater pollution. However, the other kind was present as "free" molecules or else bound in proteins, and its concentration increased significantly when the groundwater was polluted by landfill leachates. The FRI and SOM methods both can characterize the composition and evolution of DOM in the groundwater. However, the SOM analysis can identify whether protein-like moieties was bound to humic-like matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Song He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
- Innovation Base of Ground Water & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Qin-Dong Fan
- College of Architecture, North China of University of Water Resource and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 460046, China
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Tang J, Li X, Luo Y, Li G, Khan S. Spectroscopic characterization of dissolved organic matter derived from different biochars and their polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) binding affinity. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 152:399-406. [PMID: 26994600 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, biochar has received a great attention due to its high application in different sectors of environment. The feasibility of biochar applications is depended on its physical and chemical properties and biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics. This study was conducted to investigate the spectroscopic characteristics of biochar-derived DOM and its binding capacity of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs). DOM solutions were isolated from five different biochars prepared through pyrolysis and analyzed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents. The optical analysis with UV-visible absorption and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopes and DOC water distribution coefficient (KDOC) were calculated in the presence of PAHs and DOM. The DOC contents and the estimated aromaticity (SUVA254) were different for selected biochars. The DOM derived from soybean straw biochar (SBBC) showed the highest DOC contents followed by rice straw biochar (RSBC). The SBBC and RSBC peak position in the fluorescence excitation/emission matrix at longer wavelength corresponded to the peak position of other three biochars indicating that SBBC and RSBC had relatively higher degree of humification. This was well correlated with the observed KDOC values, suggesting that the KDOC value(')s dominant factor was the degree of biochar-derived DOM humification. The results of this study indicate that the optical analysis may provide valuable information regarding the characteristics of biochar-derived DOM and its application as environmental amendments for minimization of toxic organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Tang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, China.
| | - Xinhu Li
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Ningbo Municipal Research & Design Institute of Environmental Protection, Ningbo, 315012, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Sardar Khan
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
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Huang S, Wang Y, Ma T, Wang Y, Zhao L. Fluorescence spectroscopy reveals accompanying occurrence of ammonium with fulvic acid-like organic matter in a fluvio-lacustrine aquifer of Jianhan Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8508-8517. [PMID: 26791026 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to investigate the simultaneous presence of NH4 (+) and fluorescent organic matter components (FOCs) from a fluvio-lacustrine aquifer in Central Jianghan Plain. Sediment, groundwater, and surface water samples were collected for the sediment organic matter extraction, 3D fluorescence spectroscopy characterization, and/or hydrochemical analysis. NH4 (+) and dissolved organic carbon was ubiquitous in the groundwater. The fluorescence spectroscopy revealed good relationships between NH4 (+) and fulvic acid-like components (FALCs) in the groundwater and sediment-extracted organic matter (SEOM) solutions. NH4 (+) also exhibited significant positive correlation with protein-like component (PLC) (p < 0.001), with the stronger in the SEOM solutions than that in groundwater. Comparisons of spectroscopic indices [e.g., humification index (HIX), biological index (BIX), spectra slope (S275-295), and specific UV absorbance (SUVA254)] between the groundwater and SEOM solutions revealed more labile properties of SEOM. This result indicates that the decreasing NH4 (+)-FOCs correlations of groundwater relative to sediments may be attributed to microbial degradation. Factor analysis identifies important factors that cause NH4 (+) occurrence in the groundwater. The accompanying increase of FALC (C1) and NH4-N with the mole concentration of the normalized HCO3 (-)/(Ca(2+)+Mg(2+)) and [H(+)] suggests that couple effects of various biodegradations simultaneously occur in the aquifer, promoting the occurrence of NH4-DOMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangbing Huang
- School of Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China.
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Yanxin Wang
- School of Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
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38
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He W, Lee JH, Hur J. Anthropogenic signature of sediment organic matter probed by UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy and the association with heavy metal enrichment. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:184-193. [PMID: 26901475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sediment organic matter (SOM) was extracted in an alkaline solution from 43 stream sediments in order to explore the anthropogenic signatures. The SOM spectroscopic characteristics including excitation-emission matrix (EEM)-parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) were compared for five sampling site groups classified by the anthropogenic variables of land use, population density, the loadings of organics and nutrients, and metal enrichment. The conventional spectroscopic characteristics including specific UV absorbance, absorbance ratio, and humification index did not properly discriminate among the different cluster groups except in the case of metal enrichment. Of the four decomposed PARAFAC components, humic-like and tryptophan-like fluorescence responded negatively and positively, respectively, to increasing degrees of the anthropogenic variables except for land use. The anthropogenic enrichment of heavy metals was positively associated with the abundance of tryptophan-like component. In contrast, humic-like component, known to be mostly responsible for metal binding, exhibited a decreasing trend corresponding with metal enrichment. These conflicting trends can be attributed to the overwhelmed effects of the coupled discharges of heavy metals and organic pollutants into sediments. Our study suggests that the PARAFAC components can be used as functional signatures to probe the anthropogenic influences on sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Lee
- NEO Environmental Business Corporation, Bucheon 420-806, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
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39
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He W, Jung H, Lee JH, Hur J. Differences in spectroscopic characteristics between dissolved and particulate organic matters in sediments: Insight into distribution behavior of sediment organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 547:1-8. [PMID: 26780126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the distribution behavior of sediment organic matter (SOM) between dissolved and particulate phases and the potential influencing factors by comparing the spectroscopic features of pore water organic matter (PWOM) and alkaline-extractable organic matter (AEOM) of river sediments. The characteristics of SOM were described by several selected spectral indicators and fluorescence excitation emission matrix (EEM)-parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The spectral indicators showed that larger sized SOM molecules with a higher aromatic content were more enriched in sediment particles than in pore water. The relative ratios of humification index between dissolved and particulate phases revealed that the SOM constituents with a higher degree of structural condensation were preferentially distributed onto sediment particles. EEM-PARAFAC demonstrated different distribution behaviors of protein-like (tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like) and humic-like substances in sediments. The relative abundance of tyrosine-like component was much higher in PWOM than in AEOM, whereas the other three components tended to be more abundant in AEOM. The predominant presence of tyrosine-like component suggests its potential operation as a discriminant indicator between PWOM and AEOM. Spearman correlations and non-metric multidimensional scaling further revealed that distribution of protein-like components onto sediment particles might be associated with reductive environments, aluminum minerals, and anthropogenic activities of upstream watersheds. This study demonstrated a successful application of using EEM-PARAFAC to examine the distribution behavior of different SOM constitutes between dissolved and solid phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Heonjae Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Lee
- NEO Environmental Business Corporation, Bucheon 420-806, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
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40
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Yang C, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. Insights into the binding interactions of autochthonous dissolved organic matter released from Microcystis aeruginosa with pyrene using spectroscopy. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 104:113-120. [PMID: 26851867 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The autochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa-DOM) during its growth period was characterized by spectroscopy. Furthermore, the relationships between the M. aeruginosa-DOM spectroscopic descriptors and the pyrene binding coefficient (KDOC) values were explored. The results showed that the spectroscopic characteristics of the M. aeruginosa-DOM and the binding properties of pyrene were dynamically changed along with the algae growth. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that a higher pyrene KDOC value was observed for the M. aeruginosa-DOM that has a higher humification index (HIX) value, a lower biological index (BIX) value and a lower absorption ratio (E2/E3). The presence of protein-like and long-wavelength-excited humic-like components may impose negative and positive effects on binding of pyrene by the M. aeruginosa-DOM, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) further supported that the binding affinity of pyrene may be primarily influenced by the humification degree of the M. aeruginosa-DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Yangzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Yaxian Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China.
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41
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Phong DD, Hur J. Insight into photocatalytic degradation of dissolved organic matter in UVA/TiO₂ systems revealed by fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 87:119-126. [PMID: 26397454 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) using TiO2 as a catalyst and UVA as a light source was examined under various experimental settings with different TiO2 doses, solution pH, and the light intensities. The changes in UV absorbance and fluorescence with the irradiation time followed a pseudo-first order model much better than those of dissolved organic carbon. In general, the degradation rates were increased by higher TiO2 doses and light intensities. However, the exact photocatalytic responses of DOM to the irradiation were affected by many other factors such as aggregation of TiO2, light scattering, hydroxyl radicals produced, and DOM sorption on TiO2. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) revealed that the DOM changes in fluorescence could be described by the combinations of four dissimilar components including one protein-like, two humic-like, and one terrestrial humic-like components, each of which followed well the pseudo-first order model. The photocatalytic degradation rates were higher for protein-like versus humic-like component, whereas the opposite order was displayed for the degradation rates in the absence of TiO2, suggesting different dominant mechanisms operating between the systems with and without TiO2. Our results based on EEM-PARAFAC provided new insights into the underlying mechanisms associated with the photocatalytic degradation of DOM as well as the potential environmental impact of the treated water. This study demonstrated a successful application of EEM-PARAFAC for photocatalytic systems via directly comparing the kinetic rates of the individual DOM components with different compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diep Dinh Phong
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea.
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42
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Huang SB, Wang YX, Ma T, Tong L, Wang YY, Liu CR, Zhao L. Linking groundwater dissolved organic matter to sedimentary organic matter from a fluvio-lacustrine aquifer at Jianghan Plain, China by EEM-PARAFAC and hydrochemical analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 529:131-139. [PMID: 26005756 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater are important to groundwater chemistry and quality. This study examined similarities in the nature of DOM and investigated the link between groundwater DOM (GDOM) and sedimentary organic matter (SOM) from a lacustrine-alluvial aquifer at Jianghan Plain. Sediment, groundwater and surface water samples were employed for SOM extraction, optical and/or chemical characterization, and subsequent fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and parallel factor analyses (PARAFAC). Spectroscopic properties of bulk DOM pools showed that indices indicative of GDOM (e.g., biological source properties, humification level, aromaticity and molecule mobility) varied within the ranges of those of two extracted end-members of SOM: humic-like materials and microbe-associated materials. The coexistence of PARAFAC compositions and the sustaining internal relationship between GDOM and extracted SOM indicate a similar source. The results from principal component analyses with selected spectroscopic indices showed that GDOM exhibited a transition trend regarding its nature: from refractory high-humification DOM to intermediate humification DOM and then to microbe-associated DOM, with decreasing molecular weight. Correlations of spectroscopic indices with physicochemical parameters of the groundwater suggested that GDOM was released from SOM and was modified by microbial diagenetic processes. The current study demonstrated the associations of GDOM with SOM from a spectroscopic viewpoint and provided new evidence supporting SOM as the source of GDOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-bing Huang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yan-xin Wang
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lei Tong
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yan-yan Wang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Chang-rong Liu
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
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43
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Chen M, Hur J. Pre-treatments, characteristics, and biogeochemical dynamics of dissolved organic matter in sediments: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 79:10-25. [PMID: 25965884 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in sediments, termed here sediment DOM, plays a variety of important roles in global biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients as well as in the fate and transport of xenobiotics. Here we reviewed sediment DOM, including pore waters and water extractable organic matter from inland and coastal sediments, based on recent literature (from 1996 to 2014). Sampling, pre-treatment, and characterization methods for sediment DOM were summarized. The characteristics of sediment DOM have been compared along an inland to coastal ecosystems gradient and also with the overlying DOM in water column to distinguish the unique nature of it. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from inland sediment DOM was generally higher than coastal areas, while no notable differences were found for their aromaticity and apparent molecular weight. Fluorescence index (FI) revealed that mixed sources are dominant for inland sediment DOM, but marine end-member prevails for coastal sediment DOM. Many reports showed that sediments operate as a net source of DOC and chromophoric DOM (CDOM) to the water column. Sediment DOM has shown more enrichment of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds in the elemental signature than the overlying DOM. Fluorescent fingerprint investigated by excitation-emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) further demonstrated the characteristics of sediment DOM lacking in the photo-oxidized and the intermediate components, which are typically present in the overlying surface water. In addition, the biogeochemical changes in sediment DOM and the subsequent environmental implications were discussed with the focus on the binding and the complexation properties with pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Chen
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
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44
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Lee DJ, Gang JG, Lee SY, Choi IW, Chun KM, Cho JS, Seo DC. Characterization of River Natural Organic Matter by High-Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Lee BM, Seo YS, Hur J. Investigation of adsorptive fractionation of humic acid on graphene oxide using fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 73:242-251. [PMID: 25682051 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the adsorptive fractionation of a humic acid (HA, Elliott soil humic acid) on graphene oxide (GO) was examined at pH 4 and 6 using absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM)-parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The extent of the adsorption was greater at pH 4.0 than at pH 6.0. Aromatic molecules within the HA were preferentially adsorbed onto the GO surface, and the preferential adsorption was more pronounced at pH 6, which is above the zero point of charge of GO. A relative ratio of two PARAFAC humic-like components (ex/em maxima at 270/510 nm and at (250, 265)/440 nm) presented an increasing trend with larger sizes of ultrafiltered humic acid fractions, suggesting the potential for using fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC for tracking the changes in molecular sizes of aromatic HA molecules. The individual adsorption behaviors of the two humic-like components revealed that larger sized aromatic components within HA had a higher adsorption affinity and more nonlinear isotherms compared to smaller sized fractions. Our results demonstrated that adsorptive fractionation of HA occurred on the GO surface with respect to their aromaticity and the sizes, but the degree was highly dependent on solution pH as well as the amount of adsorbed HS (or available surface sites). The observed adsorption behaviors were reasonably explained by a combination of different mechanisms previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Mi Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - Young-Soo Seo
- Department of Nano Science & Technology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea.
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46
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Cuss CW, Guéguen C. Relationships between molecular weight and fluorescence properties for size-fractionated dissolved organic matter from fresh and aged sources. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 68:487-497. [PMID: 25462755 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Relationships between the molecular weight (MW) and fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are important considerations for studies seeking to connect these properties to water treatment processes. Relationships between the size and fluorescence properties of nine allochthonous DOM sources (i.e. leaf leachates, grass, and headwaters) were measured using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) with on-line absorbance and fluorescence detectors. Correlations between optical properties and MW were readily apparent using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) coupled to self-organizing maps (SOM): protein/polyphenol-like fluorescence (peaks B and T) was highest at lower molecular weights (<0.5 kDa), fulvic/humic-like fluorescence (peaks A, C, and M) was highest at mid-weights (0.5-1 kDa), and humic-like fluorescence (Peaks A + C) was highest at larger molecular weights (>1 kDa). Proportions of peaks B, T, and A + C were significantly correlated with MW (p < 0.001). The first principal component (PC1, 42% of variation in fluorescence properties) was a significant predictor of sample MW (R² = 0.63, p < 0.05), while scores on PC2 (27% of total variance) traced a source-based gradient from deciduous leachates/headwaters through to coniferous leachates/headwaters. PC3 (13% of var.) was also correlated with MW (p < 0.005). A secondary peak in peak T fluorescence was associated with larger size fractions in aged sources, and scores on PC1 also traced a path from the leachates of fresher leaves, through more humified leaves, to headwaters. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the structure of aged DOM arises through supramolecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Cuss
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, ON, Canada
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Hur J, Lee BM, Shin KH. Spectroscopic characterization of dissolved organic matter isolates from sediments and the association with phenanthrene binding affinity. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 111:450-457. [PMID: 24997951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, selected spectroscopic characteristics of sediment organic matter (SOM) were compared and discussed with respect to their different isolation methods, the source discrimination capabilities, and the association with the extent of phenanthrene binding. A total of 16 sediments were collected from three categorized locations including a costal lake, industrial areas, and upper streams, each of which is likely influenced by the organic sources of algal production, industrial effluent, and terrestrial input, respectively. The spectroscopic properties related to aromatic structures and terrestrial humic acids were more pronounced for alkaline extractable organic matter (AEOM) isolates than for the SOM isolates based on water soluble extracts and pore water. The three categorized sampling locations were the most differentiated in the AEOM isolates, suggesting AEOM may be the most representative SOM isolates in terms of describing the chemical properties and the organic sources of SOM. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) based on fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) showed that a combination of three fluorescent groups could represent all the fluorescence features of SOM. The three categorized sampling locations were well discriminated by the percent distributions of humic-like fluorescent groups of the AEOM isolates. The relative distribution of terrestrial humic-like fluorophores was well correlated with the extent of phenanthrene binding (r=0.571; p<0.05), suggesting that the presence of humic acids in SOM may contribute to the enhancement of binding with hydrophobic organic contaminants in sediments. Principal component analysis (PCA) further demonstrated that the extent of SOM's binding affinity might be affected by the degree of biogeochemical transformation in SOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
| | - Bo-Mi Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, Hanyang University, Keongki-do, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
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Yeh YL, Yeh KJ, Hsu LF, Yu WC, Lee MH, Chen TC. Use of fluorescence quenching method to measure sorption constants of phenolic xenoestrogens onto humic fractions from sediment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 277:27-33. [PMID: 24784898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Humic substance (HS) in sediment can affect hydrophobic organic compound distribution, transportation, bioavailability, and toxicity. This study investigated the HS (BKHS) extracted from sediment and separated it into low molecular humic (LMHS, <1kDa) and high molecular humic substances (HMHS, 1kDa-0.45μm). Nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA) have a significant sorption capacity for HMHS and BKHS solutions. They are xenoestrogenic endocrine-disrupting compounds that are widely produced and discharged to the environment. The log KHS values of the BKHS and HMHS solutions were between 4.74-5.09Lkg-C(-1) and 4.57-5.09Lkg-C(-1), respectively. However, the three compounds were not sorbed by the LMHS solution. The average values of SUVA254 for HMHS and LMHS were 4.29 and 1.31Lm(-1)mg-C(-1) and the average values of A250-400 for HMHS and LMHS were 18.1 and 4.51nmcm(-1), respectively. The HMHS peak position in the fluorescence excitation/emission matrix at longer wavelengths corresponded to the peak position of LMHS, which indicates that the HMHS had a higher degree of humification than the LMHS. The results suggested that the KHS value's dominant factor was the degree of HS humification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lung Yeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Emerging Compounds Research Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Jyum Yeh
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Fong Hsu
- Department of Applied English, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan City 71002, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-His Lee
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chien Chen
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
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Hur J, Lee BM. Characterization of copper binding properties of extracellular polymeric substances using a fluorescence quenching approach combining two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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He D, Ruan H. Long term effect of land reclamation from lake on chemical composition of soil organic matter and its mineralization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99251. [PMID: 24905998 PMCID: PMC4048317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the late 1950s, land reclamation from lakes has been a common human disturbance to ecosystems in China. It has greatly diminished the lake area, and altered natural ecological succession. However, little is known about its impact on the carbon (C) cycle. We conducted an experiment to examine the variations of chemical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and C mineralization under four land uses, i.e. coniferous forest (CF), evergreen broadleaf forest (EBF), bamboo forest (BF) and cropland (CL) in a reclaimed land area from Taihu Lake. Soils and lake sediments (LS) were incubated for 360 days in the laboratory and the CO2 evolution from each soil during the incubation was fit to a double exponential model. The DOM was analyzed at the beginning and end of the incubation using UV and fluorescence spectroscopy to understand the relationships between DOM chemistry and C mineralization. The C mineralization in our study was influenced by the land use with different vegetation and management. The greatest cumulative CO2-C emission was observed in BF soil at 0–10 cm depth. The active C pool in EBF at 10–25 cm had longer (62 days) mean residence time (MRT). LS showed the highest cumulative CO2-C and shortest MRT comparing with the terrestrial soils. The carbohydrates in DOM were positively correlated with CO2-C evolution and negatively correlated to phenols in the forest soils. Cropland was consistently an outlier in relationships between DOM chemistry and CO2-evolution, highlighting the unique effects that this land use on soil C cycling, which may be attributed the tillage practices. Our results suggest that C mineralization is closely related to the chemical composition of DOM and sensitive to its variation. Conversion of an aquatic ecosystem into a terrestrial ecosystem may alter the chemical structure of DOM, and then influences soil C mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei He
- Faculty of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory of Forestry and Ecological Engineering of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honghua Ruan
- Faculty of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory of Forestry and Ecological Engineering of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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