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Abaskhani Davanlo S, Samadi-Maybodi A. Removal of sarafloxacin from aqueous solution through Ni/Al-layered double hydroxide@ZIF-8. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2024; 22:245-262. [PMID: 38887770 PMCID: PMC11180077 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-024-00891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, excessive amounts of drugs such as antibiotics have been used to combat COVID-19 and newly discovered viruses. This has led to the production and release of significant amounts of drugs and their metabolites as toxic pollutants in aquatic systems. Therefore, pharmaceutical wastes must be removed efficiently before entering the environment and entering water sources. In this research, Ni/Al-LDH@ZIF-8 nanocomposite was synthesized from layered double hydroxides and metal-organic frameworks and used to remove the antibiotic sarafloxacin (SRF) in the aqueous medium. The work aimed to develop the performance and combine the features of the adsorbent compounds such as high surface area, adjustable porosity, and low-density structure. Different methods implemented to analyze the nanocomposite, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The experiment utilized the central composite design to evaluate statistics and the response level method to optimize the factors affecting the absorption process. The initial concentration of SRF, adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time were considered in this experiment. The results showed an increase in the removal efficiency of SRF to 97%. Statistical studies showed that the optimal adsorption conditions are as follows: initial concentration of SRF 40 mg·L-1, pH 6.3, adsorbent dose of Ni/Al-LDH@ZIF-8 49 mg, and contact time of 44 min. According to the model of isotherms parameters, the adsorption process is more consistence with the Freundlich model with the absorption capacity of 79.7 mg·g-1. The pseudo-second-order model described the adsorption kinetics data. Graphical abstract
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Wang H, Zhang T, Ji Y, Lu J. Photodegradation of phenylurea herbicides sensitized by norfloxacin and the influence of natural organic matter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130135. [PMID: 36303339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical activity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) has gained attention due to the discovery of their phototoxicity and photocarcinogenicity in clinics. This study reveals that norfloxacin (NOR) can sensitize the photodegradation of phenylurea (PU) herbicides. This is attributed to the formation of an excited triplet of norfloxacin (3NOR*) by UV-A irradiation of its quinolone chromophore, which can further react with O2 to form singlet oxygen (1O2). The second-order rate of 3NOR* with PU ranges from 1.54 × 1010 to 2.76 × 1010 M-1s-1. The steady-state concentrations of 3NOR* were calculated as (4.29-31.2)× 10-16 M at 10 μM NOR under UV365nm irradiation. Natural organic matter (NOM) inhibited the degradation of PU induced by 3NOR*. In the presence of 10 mg L-1 NOM, the pseudo-first-order rate constants (kobs,NOM) of the degradation of diuron (DIU), isoproturon (IPU), monuron (MOU), and chlorotoluron (CLU) decreased by 65%, 19%, 36%, and 62%, respectively. NOM mainly acts as a reductant which reacted with the radical intermediates of the PU generated by 3NOR*oxidation, thus reversing the oxidation. The inhibitory effect increases with increasing NOM concentration. Results of this study underscore the role of NOR as a photosensitizer in accelerating the abatement of PU pesticides in sunlit surface waters. This study significantly advances the understandings of the behavior of NOR in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuefei Ji
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junhe Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Bhatt S, Chatterjee S. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics: Occurrence, mode of action, resistance, environmental detection, and remediation - A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120440. [PMID: 36265724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics play an essential role in the medical healthcare world, but their widespread usage and high prevalence have posed negative environmental consequences. During the past few decades, various antibiotic drugs have been detected in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Among them, the Fluoroquinolones (FQ) group is ubiquitous in the environment and has emerged as a major environmental pollutant. FQs are very significant, broad-spectrum antibiotics used in treating various pathogenic diseases of humans and animals. The most known and used FQs are ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. After human and animal administration, about 70% of these drugs are excreted out in unaltered form into the environment. Besides, wastewater discharge from pharmaceutical industries, hospitals, and agriculture runoff is the major contributor to the accumulation of FQs into the ecosystem. Their long-term presence in the environment creates selection pressure on microorganisms and contributes to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. In addition to the resistance, these antibiotics also impose ecotoxicological effects on various animals and plant species. The presence of the fluorine atom in Fluoroquinolones makes them highly electronegative, strong, recalcitrant, and less compatible with microbial degradation. Many biological and chemical processes have been invented and successfully implemented during the past few decades for the elimination of these pollutants from the environment. This review provides a detailed overview of the classification, occurrence, distribution, and ecotoxicological effects of Fluoroquinolones. Their modes of action, resistance mechanism, detection and analysis methods, and remediation strategies have also been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunidhi Bhatt
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Academic Block, Shahpur District, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Subhankar Chatterjee
- Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Academic Block, Shahpur District, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India; Bioremediation and Metabolomics Research Group, Dept. of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
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Babić B, Andrić D, Farkaš A, Vuk D, Ašperger D, Dolar D. Behavior of Mebendazole during NF/RO Adsorption and Photolysis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:888. [PMID: 36135907 PMCID: PMC9503556 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The idea of using drugs from the benzimidazole group as potential antitumor agents is becoming increasingly popular and widespread in research. However, their use as antiparasitics and in cancer treatment will increase their already recorded occurrence in the aquatic environment. In this study, the removal of the anthelmintic mebendazole from aqueous solution was investigated using nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes, adsorption on granular activated carbon (GAC), and photolytic degradation. The dense NF90 and reverse osmosis XLE membranes showed almost complete removal (>97.7%), while the NF270 membrane showed a large dependence of removal on initial concentration from 41.9% to 96.6%. Adsorption in the column resulted in complete removal of mebendazole at the highest GAC height used (40 cm) from the solution with the lowest concentration (1 mg/L). Photolytic degradation by artificial light for 2 and 12 h resulted in photodegradation of mebendazole in the range of 23.5−61.4%, forming a new degradation or transformation compound with an m/z ratio of 311. Mebendazole is a photosensitive drug whose photodegradation follows first-order kinetics and depends on the drug concentration. Toxicity was studied with Vibrio fischeri before and after photolysis, and showed a decrease in inhibition after 12 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Babić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Andrić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Farkaš
- The Institute for Development and International Relations, Ljudevita Farkaša Vukotinovića 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragana Vuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Ašperger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Dolar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Baquero ES, Rodríguez DC, Peñuela GA. Individual and synergic effect of carbamazepine and diclofenac in the removal of organic matter from an expanded granular bed anaerobic reactor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:1620-1635. [PMID: 35290235 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the negative effects caused to the natural environment by the presence of pharmaceutical-type traces and other pollutants in wastewater, it is necessary to develop and optimize efficient treatment systems. This study evaluated the effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF) on the behavior of seven EGSB (expanded granular sludge bed) anaerobic reactors at laboratory scale, using chromatographic and physicochemical analyses of the influent, effluent, and the biomass contained in the reactors. The results showed that CBZ had a greater effect on the removal and behavior of microorganisms than DCF, with average efficiencies of 34.04 ± 18.58%, 20.76 ± 8.51% and 16.29 ± 11.08% during stage II, III and IV, respectively, for CBZ, and 92.37 ± 12.74%, 26.77 ± 5.90% and 22.28 ± 9.60% during stage II, III and IV, respectively, for DCF. Additionally, it was found that the interaction of the co-substrate used (sodium acetate) in conjunction with the pharmaceutical compounds decreased the efficiency of the system in terms of the removal of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sandrith Baquero
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia E-mail:
| | - Diana C Rodríguez
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia E-mail:
| | - Gustavo A Peñuela
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia E-mail:
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Law JCF, Huang Y, Chow CH, Lam TK, Leung KSY. Comparative physicochemical properties and toxicity of organic UV filters and their photocatalytic transformation products. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117551. [PMID: 34438487 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transformation products (TPs) of micropollutants contaminating our water resources have become an emerging issue due to the potential threats they pose to environmental and human health. This study investigated the transformation chemistry, toxicity, physicochemical properties and environmental behavior resulting from photocatalytic transformation of organic UV filters as model micropollutants. 3-Benzylidene camphor (3-BC), 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-HB) and octocrylene (OC) were effectively degraded by UV-A/TiO2 treatment, with TPs identified and characterized with high resolution mass spectrometry. Nitrated-TPs were observed to be formed in the presence of nitrite and nitrate for 3-BC and 4-HB, suggesting that the transformation process could be altered by components in the water matrix. Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay revealed an increase in toxicity of TPs derived from photocatalytic treatment, with quantitative structure-activity relationship model (ECOSAR) predicted an enhanced toxicity of individual TPs' after transformation. Assessment of physicochemical properties and environmental behavior suggested that TPs as compared to parent organic UV filters, may represent even greater hazards due to their increased water solubility, persistence and mobility - in addition to retaining the parent organic UV filter's toxicity. The results provide important information relevant to the potential risks for the selected organic UV filters, and their corresponding transformation products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanran Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Chi-Hang Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Tsz-Ki Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, China.
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7
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Asu SP, Sompalli NK, Mohan AM, Deivasigamani P. Chromatographic Separation of Fluoroquinolone Drugs and Drug Degradation Profile Monitoring through Quality-by-Design Concept. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:55-63. [PMID: 33086378 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The article reports on the development of an efficient, robust and sensitive HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of five fluoroquinolone-based antimicrobial drugs, namely ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin in both aquatic and tablet formulations. The robustness of the high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) method has been evaluated through the concepts of quality-by-design (QbD) and full factorial design of experiments (DoEs), using a Minitab 17 statistical tool. The proposed method offers sequential separation with well-defined peak shape and resolution, and has also been evaluated by following international council for harmonization (ICH) pharmaceutical guidelines. A linear signal response has been achieved for the target fluoroquinolones (FQ) drugs in the concentration range of 45-20,000 ng/mL, with an average correlation coefficient (r2) value of 0.9997, and a data precision and accuracy range of 99.3-100.9%, with an RSD value of ≤0.95%, for hexaplicate measurements. The methodology offers superior sensitivity for the target FQ drugs, with the limit of detection (LD) range of 10-25 ng/mL, and the limit of quantification (LQ) range of 51-86 ng/mL, respectively. Using the proposed method, the article carries the first of its kind report in studying the degradation profile monitoring and drug assay determination in tablet formulations and under various physiological buffer stress conditions, for pharmaceutical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Prasad Asu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Sompalli
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Akhila Maheswari Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Prabhakaran Deivasigamani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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Louros VLD, Silva CP, Nadais H, Otero M, Esteves VI, Lima DLD. Oxolinic acid in aquaculture waters: Can natural attenuation through photodegradation decrease its concentration? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141661. [PMID: 33370895 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quinolones, such as oxolinic acid (OXA), are antimicrobials commonly used in aquaculture. Thus, its presence in the aquatic environment surrounding aquaculture facilities is quite easy to understand. When present in aquatic environment, pharmaceuticals may be subjected to several attenuation processes that can influence their persistence. Photodegradation, particularly for antibiotics, can have significant importance since these compounds may be resistant to microbial degradation. OXA photodegradation studies reported in literature are very scarce, especially using aquaculture waters, but are markedly important for an appropriate risk assessment. Results hereby presented showed a decrease on photodegradation rate constant from 0.70 ± 0.02 h-1 in ultrapure water to 0.42 ± 0.01 h-1 in freshwater. The decrease on photodegradation rate constant was even more pronounced when brackish water was used (0.172 ± 0.003 h-1). In order to understand which factors contributed to the observed behaviour, environmental factors, such as natural organic matter and salinity, were studied. Results demonstrated that dissolved organic matter (DOM) may explain the decrease of OXA photodegradation observed in freshwater. However, a very sharp decrease of OXA photodegradation was observed in solutions containing NaCl and in synthetic sea salts, which explained the higher decrease observed in brackish water. Moreover, under solar radiation, the use of an 1O2 scavenger allowed us to verify a pronounced retardation of OXA decay, suggesting that 1O2 plays an important role in OXA photodegradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Loureiro Dos Louros
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carla Patrícia Silva
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Helena Nadais
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta Otero
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valdemar I Esteves
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana L D Lima
- CESAM & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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El-Azazy M, El-Shafie AS, Elgendy A, Issa AA, Al-Meer S, Al-Saad KA. A Comparison between Different Agro-Wastes and Carbon Nanotubes for Removal of Sarafloxacin from Wastewater: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:E5429. [PMID: 33228258 PMCID: PMC7699551 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, eco-structured and efficient removal of the veterinary fluoroquinolone antibiotic sarafloxacin (SARA) from wastewater has been explored. The adsorptive power of four agro-wastes (AWs) derived from pistachio nutshells (PNS) and Aloe vera leaves (AV) as well as the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been assessed. Adsorbent derived from raw pistachio nutshells (RPNS) was the most efficient among the four tested AWs (%removal '%R' = 82.39%), while MWCNTs showed the best adsorptive power amongst the five adsorbents (%R = 96.20%). Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used to optimize the adsorption process. Two responses ('%R' and adsorption capacity 'qe') were optimized as a function of four variables (pH, adsorbent dose 'AD' (dose of RPNS and MWCNTs), adsorbate concentration [SARA] and contact time 'CT'). The effect of pH was similar for both RPNS and MWCNTs. Morphological and textural characterization of the tested adsorbents was carried out using FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM and BET analyses. Conversion of waste-derived materials into carbonaceous material was investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Equilibrium studies showed that Freundlich isotherm is the most suitable isotherm to describe the adsorption of SARA onto RPNS. Kinetics' investigation shows that the adsorption of SARA onto RPNS follows a pseudo-second order (PSO) model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa El-Azazy
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.S.E.-S.); (A.E.); (A.A.I.); (S.A.-M.); (K.A.A.-S.)
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Fabrication of CQDs/Bi5Nb3O15 nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of veterinary pharmaceutical sarafloxacin. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhang F, Yang L, Wang H. Co-occurrence characteristics of antibiotics and estrogens and their relationships in a lake system affected by wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:1322-1333. [PMID: 33016441 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and estrogens are recognized as emerging contaminants in the water environment because of their potentially adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. The concentrations of four steroid estrogens (17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, estrone, and estriol) and eight antibiotics (norfloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, metronidazole, sulfapyridine, doxycycline, and sulfamethoxazole) in the Chaohu Lake basin in Anhui province, China, were analyzed along with adjacent wastewater. The levels of the target antibiotics and estrogens were below detection limits (not detected [nd])-89.86 and nd-118.09 ng L-1 , respectively, in the lake water. All of the target antibiotics and estrogens were detected in sediment, and the concentrations ranged widely (nd-35,544 and nd-16,344 ng kg-1 , respectively). Antibiotics and estrogens varied spatially in the study area and mostly came from untreated wastewater. Antibiotics and estrogens were associated with water parameters such as pH and total nitrogen. A significant positive correlation was observed between estriol and levofloxacin concentrations (r = .65; p < .01), indicating that levofloxacin from the same source might have inhibited the microbiological degradation of estriol in the surface water. Overall, the estrogens pose a more severe risk than antibiotics to the Chaohu Lake system. However, co-occurrence of antibiotics may affect the fate of estrogens in the same lake media. More attention should be given to estrogens than to antibiotics in wastewater-affected lake systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsong Zhang
- Key Lab. of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Zhongke-Ji'an Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jian, 343000, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Key Lab. of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huaxin Wang
- National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry Univ., Kunming, 650224, China
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12
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Quinolone Complexes with Lanthanide Ions: An Insight into their Analytical Applications and Biological Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061347. [PMID: 32188087 PMCID: PMC7144119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolones comprise a series of synthetic bactericidal agents with a broad spectrum of activity and good bioavailability. An important feature of these molecules is their capacity to bind metal ions in complexes with relevant biological and analytical applications. Interestingly, lanthanide ions possess extremely attractive properties that result from the behavior of the internal 4f electrons, behavior which is not lost upon ionization, nor after coordination. Subsequently, a more detailed discussion about metal complexes of quinolones with lanthanide ions in terms of chemical and biological properties is made. These complexes present a series of characteristics, such as narrow and highly structured emission bands; large gaps between absorption and emission wavelengths (Stokes shifts); and long excited-state lifetimes, which render them suitable for highly sensitive and selective analytical methods of quantitation. Moreover, quinolones have been widely prescribed in both human and animal treatments, which has led to an increase in their impact on the environment, and therefore to a growing interest in the development of new methods for their quantitative determination. Therefore, analytical applications for the quantitative determination of quinolones, lanthanide and miscellaneous ions and nucleic acids, along with other applications, are reviewed here.
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Timm A, Abendschön P, Tölgyesi L, Horn H, Borowska E. Solar-mediated degradation of linezolid and tedizolid under simulated environmental conditions: Kinetics, transformation and toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125111. [PMID: 31683437 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Linezolid (LIN) and Tedizolid (TED) are representatives of oxazolidinone antibiotics of last resort with a strong efficacy against gram-positive bacteria. This study focused on their solar-mediated degradation to understand better their fate in aquatic environment, for the realistic concentrations in the range of 1 μg/L. Results showed that both antibiotics (ABs) are degradable by simulated sunlight (1 kW/m2), with half-lives of 32 and 93 h in ultrapure water, for LIN and TED, respectively. LIN showed similar photolytic behaviour in pure solution and in surface water, whereas sunlight enhanced the degradation of LIN in pure solutions, but not in surface water. Structure elucidation by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry provided information about seven transformation products for LIN and five for TED. The morpholinyl-ring was identified as the target site for most transformation reactions of LIN. TED was prone to oxidation and cleavage of the oxazolidinone ring. Results of a growth inhibition test on Bacillus subtilis exposed to UV light showed antibacterial efficacy of transformation products of LIN and no significant efficacy of degradation products of TED for the concentration range of 100 μg/L-10 mg/L of parent compounds. Photolytically treated solutions of the ABs maintained their inhibitory effect on the bioluminescence of Aliivibrio fischeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Timm
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Patrick Abendschön
- Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Section 5, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - László Tölgyesi
- Agilent Technologies Sales & Services GmbH and Co. KG, Hewlett-Packard-Straße 8, 76337, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany; DVGW Research Laboratories for Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Ewa Borowska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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14
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Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Removal of Antibiotics from Water. An Overview. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the removal of antibiotics from water has been reviewed. The present concern about water has been exposed, and the main problems derived from the presence of emerging pollutants have been analyzed. Photolysis processes, ozone-based AOPs including ozonation, O3/UV, O3/H2O2, and O3/H2O2/UV, hydrogen peroxide-based methods (i.e., H2O2/UV, Fenton, Fenton-like, hetero-Fenton, and photo-Fenton), heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO2/UV and TiO2/H2O2/UV systems), and sonochemical and electrooxidative AOPs have been reviewed. The main challenges and prospects of AOPs, as well as some recommendations for the improvement of AOPs aimed at the removal of antibiotics from wastewaters, are pointed out.
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15
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Koltsakidou Α, Katsiloulis C, Εvgenidou Ε, Lambropoulou DA. Photolysis and photocatalysis of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Nimesulide under simulated solar irradiation: Kinetic studies, transformation products and toxicity assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:245-257. [PMID: 31271990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the degradation of Nimesulide (NIM), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, using photolysis, heterogeneous (TiO2 in dispersion) and homogeneous (photo-Fenton reactant) photocatalysis, under simulated solar light (SSL) radiation, was investigated. Various parameters affecting the degradation rate of the target compound during the applied processes were optimized. The efficiency of all treatments used (direct photolysis; TiΟ2/SSL; TiΟ2/Η2Ο2/SSL; TiΟ2/S2Ο82-/SSL; Fe3+/H2O2/SSL; Fe3+/S2O82-/SSL and [Fe(C2O4)3]3-/H2O2/SSL) was evaluated by means of initial reaction rate and mineralization. Moreover, the generated transformation products (TPs) by each basic process (photolysis; TiΟ2/SSL and Fe3+/H2O2/SSL) were identified, using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry, and their formation kinetic profiles were given. The main transformation routes of NIM were hydroxylation and fragmentation, for all three treatments applied. Finally, toxicity measurements were conducted using Microtox bioassay in order to evaluate the potential risk of NIM and its TPs to aqueous organisms. Although, the acute toxicity increased during the first stages of treatment the final outcome lead to very low toxicity levels even within 60 min of TiO2/SSL treatment. Concluding, the obtained results suggest that the photocatalytic degradation of NIM can lead to its complete elimination and simultaneously to the detoxification of the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Α Koltsakidou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ch Katsiloulis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ε Εvgenidou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D A Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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16
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Yazdanbakhsh A, Nemati R, Massoudinejad M, Jafari M, Dashtdar M. Solar photodegradation of carbamazepine from aqueous solutions using a compound parabolic concentrator equipped with a sun tracking system. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe primary purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of a Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) equipped with a sun tracking system in the photolysis of carbamazepine as a refractory organic compound. The natural sunlight experiments were accomplished during the period May–July 2017 in Tehran, Iran. The intermediate by-products of the process of solar photodegradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) were characterized using LC–MS. The results showed that increasing the reactor temperature did not significantly change CBZ degradation efficiency. However, the solution pH played a comparatively important role in CBZ solar photo degradation: removal efficiency increased considerably with pH from about 49% at pH 7 to almost 61% at pH 9. According to our findings, using a CPC reactor equipped with a sun tracker system promotes the solar photo-transformation rate of CBZ by 2-3 fold. In addition, LC/MS analysis showed that eight main intermediates were formed in the treated solution after solar photodegradation of CBZ. Therefore, complete mineralization of CBZ was not accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19835 35511, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Nemati
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19835 35511, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Massoudinejad
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19835 35511, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadjavad Jafari
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19835 35511, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dashtdar
- Department of Biological and Complex Systems, Faculty: Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Timm A, Borowska E, Majewsky M, Merel S, Zwiener C, Bräse S, Horn H. Photolysis of four β‑lactam antibiotics under simulated environmental conditions: Degradation, transformation products and antibacterial activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1605-1612. [PMID: 30360286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
β‑Lactam antibiotics are among the most widely used antibiotics in human medicine and their effects on the aquatic environment - concerning bacterial resistance - are controversially discussed. This study focused on the photolysis of the four β‑lactam antibiotics - amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin V and piperacillin - under simulated environmental conditions. It was observed that all investigated β‑lactam antibiotics are photolytically degradable by simulated sunlight (1 kW/m2) with half-lives between 3.2 and 7.0 h. Structure elucidation of transformation products performed with liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry showed that the hydrolysis of the β‑lactam ring is the primary transformation reaction, followed by the elimination of carboxylic and dimethyl thiazolidine carboxylic acid. Growth inhibition tests on Bacillus subtilis showed the loss of bactericide activity of irradiated solutions of amoxicillin, ampicillin and piperacillin, suggesting the transformation of the β‑lactam ring is responsible for the antibiotic effect. In contrast, the solutions of penicillin V did not show any decline of the antibacterial activity after photolytic degradation, probably due to the formation of still active epimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Timm
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ewa Borowska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marius Majewsky
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sylvain Merel
- Universität Tübingen, Environmental Analytical Chemistry at the Center for Applied Geosciences, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Zwiener
- Universität Tübingen, Environmental Analytical Chemistry at the Center for Applied Geosciences, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; DVGW Research Laboratories for Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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18
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Charuaud L, Jarde E, Jaffrezic A, Thomas MF, Le Bot B. Veterinary pharmaceutical residues from natural water to tap water: Sales, occurrence and fate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 361:169-186. [PMID: 30179788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary pharmaceuticals (VPs) increasingly used in animal husbandry have led to their presence in aquatic environments -surface water (SW) or groundwater (GW) - and even in tap water. This review focuses on studies from 2007 to 2017. Sixty-eight different veterinary pharmaceutical residues (VPRs) have been quantified worldwide in natural waters at concentrations ranging from nanograms per liter (ng L-1) to several micrograms per liter (μg L-1). An extensive up-to-date on sales and tonnages of VPs worldwide has been performed. Tetracyclines (TCs) antibiotics are the most sold veterinary pharmaceuticals worldwide. An overview of VPRs degradation pathways in natural waters is provided. VPRs can be degraded or transformed by biodegradation, hydrolysis or photolysis. Photo-degradation appears to be the major degradation pathway in SW. This review then reports occurrences of VPRs found in tap water, and presents data on VPRs removal in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) at each step of the process. VPRs have been quantified in tap water at ng L-1 concentration levels in four studies of the eleven studies dealing with VPRs occurrence in tap water. Overall removals of VPRs in DWTPs generally exceed 90% and advanced treatment processes (oxidation processes, adsorption on activated carbon, membrane filtration) greatly contribute to these removals. However, studies performed on full-scale DWTPs are scarce. A large majority of fate studies in DWTPs have been conducted under laboratory at environmentally irrelevant conditions (high concentration of VPRs (mg L-1), use of deionized water instead of natural water, high concentration of oxidant, high contact time etc.). Also, studies on VPRs occurrence and fate in tap water focus on antibiotics. There is a scientific gap on the occurrence and fate of antiparatic drugs in tap waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Charuaud
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Emilie Jarde
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes - UMR6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Marie-Florence Thomas
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Barbara Le Bot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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19
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Zhang Z, Xie X, Yu Z, Cheng H. Influence of chemical speciation on photochemical transformation of three fluoroquinolones (FQs) in water: Kinetics, mechanism, and toxicity of photolysis products. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 148:19-29. [PMID: 30343195 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the contribution of direct, indirect, and self-sensitized photolysis to the photochemical fate of three model fluoroquinolones (FQs), i.e., lomefloxacin (LOM), norfloxacin (NOR), and ofloxacin (OFL), and demonstrated the influence of chemical speciation on their photodegradation behavior, a topic that has received relatively little attention. Results suggest that these FQs in water transformed mainly via direct photolysis, while hydroxyl radical played a key role in their indirect and self-sensitized photolysis. Chemical speciation of such zwitterionic compounds significantly affected the kinetics of their phototransformation, with the quantum yields of photodegradation decreased in the order of zwitterionic (FQsH) > anionic (FQs-) > cationic (FQsH2+). The photodegradation pathways of FQs depended on both their structures and chemical speciation. Defluorination for LOM in C-8 and NOR in C-6 was more significant when they were present in zwitterionic form than in the other forms. Cationic FQs underwent direct piperazinyl ring cleavage, and zwitterionic ones underwent piperazinyl ring oxidation, while the degradation pathway of piperazinyl ring for FQs in anionic form was structure dependent. Decarboxylation for zwitterionic FQs occurred more slowly compared to both cationic and anionic ones, and the FQs bearing electron-donating groups in C-8 position degraded more easily in cationic form than the anionic ones, while the opposite was true for the FQs without such a group in C-8 position. Results of Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition tests showed the toxicity of zwitterionic NOR and OFL significantly decreased after photodegradation, while the degradation products of LOM exhibited greater toxicity. These findings indicate that chemical speciation of zwitterionic compounds could affect the kinetics and pathways of their photochemical transformation, and thus have important implications on their fate and risk in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiande Xie
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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20
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Conde-Cid M, Fernández-Calviño D, Nóvoa-Muñoz JC, Arias-Estévez M, Díaz-Raviña M, Núñez-Delgado A, Fernández-Sanjurjo MJ, Álvarez-Rodríguez E. Degradation of sulfadiazine, sulfachloropyridazine and sulfamethazine in aqueous media. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 228:239-248. [PMID: 30227336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics discharged to the environment constitute a main concern for which different treatment alternatives are being studied, some of them based on antibiotics removal or inactivation using by-products with adsorbent capacity, or which can act as catalyst for photo-degradation. But a preliminary step is to determine the general characteristics and magnitude of the degradation process effectively acting on antibiotics. A specific case is that of sulfonamides (SAs), one of the antibiotic groups most widely used in veterinary medicine, and which are considered the most mobile antibiotics, causing that they are frequently detected in both surface- and ground-waters, facilitating their entry in the food chain and causing public health hazards. In this work we investigated abiotic and biotic degradation of three sulfonamides (sulfadiazine -SDZ-, sulfachloropyridazine -SCP-, and sulfamethazine -SMT-) in aqueous media. The results indicated that, in filtered milliQ water and under simulated sunlight, the degradation sequence was: SCP > SDZ ≈ SMT. Furthermore, the rate of degradation clearly increased with the raise of pH: at pH 4.0, half-lives were 1.2, 70.5 and 84.4 h for SCP, SDZ and SMT, respectively, while at pH 7.2 they were 2.3, 9.4 and 13.2 h for SCP, SMT and SDZ. The addition of a culture medium hardly caused any change in degradation rates as compared to experiments performed in milliQ water at the same pH value (7.2), suggesting that in this case sulfonamides degradation rate was not affected by the presence of some chemical elements and compounds, such as sodium, chloride and phosphate. However, the addition of bacterial suspensions extracted from a soil and from poultry manure increased the rate of degradation of these antibiotics. This increase in degradation cannot be attributed to biodegradation, since there was no degradation in the dark during the time of the experiment (72 h). This indicates that photo-degradation constitutes the main removal mechanism for SAs in aqueous media, a mechanism that in this case was favored by humic acids supplied with the extracts from soil and manure. The overall results could contribute to the understanding of the environmental fate of the three sulfonamides studied, aiding to program actions that could favor their inactivation, which is especially relevant since its dissemination can involve serious environmental and public health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Conde-Cid
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
| | - D Fernández-Calviño
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - J C Nóvoa-Muñoz
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - M Arias-Estévez
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - M Díaz-Raviña
- Dept. Soil Biochemistry, Inst. Invest. Agrobiol. de Galicia (CSIC - IIAG), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Núñez-Delgado
- Dept. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - M J Fernández-Sanjurjo
- Dept. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - E Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Dept. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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21
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Conde-Cid M, Fernández-Calviño D, Nóvoa-Muñoz JC, Arias-Estévez M, Díaz-Raviña M, Fernández-Sanjurjo MJ, Núñez-Delgado A, Álvarez-Rodríguez E. Biotic and abiotic dissipation of tetracyclines using simulated sunlight and in the dark. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:1520-1529. [PMID: 29710673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary antibiotics reaching soils and water bodies are considered emerging pollutants deserving special attention. In this work, dissipation of tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) is investigated. Dissipation experiments in filtered water, using simulated sunlight, resulted in the following degradation sequence: TC < OTC ≈ CTC, with half-life values of 229, 101 and 104 min, respectively; however, no dissipation took place in the dark. Dissipation of the three tetracyclines in culture medium and with simulated sunlight was much higher, giving the sequence TC ≈ OTC < CTC, with half-lives of 9, 10 and 7 min, respectively; in the dark, TC and OTC did not suffer dissipation, but it was around 28% for CTC at the end of the experiment (480 min). The variable explaining a higher dissipation in culture medium and with light was pH, as this parameter caused changes in the distribution of species of tetracyclines, affecting degradation. Adding bacterial suspensions extracted from soil and poultry manure increased dissipation, giving the sequence: TC ≈ OTC < CTC, which is attributed to the presence of humic acids, which adsorb these antibiotics. These results could facilitate understanding the fate of antibiotics reaching environmental compartments and causing public health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Conde-Cid
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - D Fernández-Calviño
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - J C Nóvoa-Muñoz
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - M Arias-Estévez
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - M Díaz-Raviña
- Dept. Soil Biochemistry, Inst. Invest. Agrobiol. de Galicia (CSIC - IIAG), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M J Fernández-Sanjurjo
- Dept. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - A Núñez-Delgado
- Dept. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - E Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Dept. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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22
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Liu X, Lu S, Meng W, Zheng B. Residues and health risk assessment of typical antibiotics in aquatic products from the Dongting Lake, China-"Did you eat "Antibiotics" today?". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3913-3921. [PMID: 29177782 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The contamination level of 12 antibiotics in 8 species of fish and shrimp from the Dongting Lake, China, was firstly studied. In total, the concentrations of antibiotics in fish and shrimp were lower, which were far lower than the maximum residue limits. The most abundant compound was enrofloxacin followed by sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sarafloxacin, and sulfadimidine with the highest content from 0.37 to 1.06 ng g-1. The concentrations in Silurus asotus, Cyprinus carpio, and Palinuridae were higher. Concentrations in fish and shrimp from different water layers showed spatial difference, with the order of benthos and middle-lower species > middle-upper species. In addition, the antibiotic content could be affected by the diet, which showed the concentration level of antibiotics decreased in the order of carnivorous > omnivorous > phytophagous species. Human health risk assessment based on potential fish consumption indicates that main antibiotic risk factors were enrofloxacin and sarafloxacin, and main risk species were Silurus asotus and Palinuridae. The daily risk quotient of these antibiotics to rural residents was lower than townsmen. This study is the first report of antibiotic content in fish and shrimp from the Dongting Lake, which could enrich the research of emerging pollutants in aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Dongtinghu Lake Ecological Observation and Research Station (DEORS), Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Dongtinghu Lake Ecological Observation and Research Station (DEORS), Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Dongtinghu Lake Ecological Observation and Research Station (DEORS), Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Binghui Zheng
- Dongtinghu Lake Ecological Observation and Research Station (DEORS), Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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23
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Rodríguez DC, Londoño YA, Peñuela GA. Application of batch tests to assess antibiotic loads in anaerobic processes. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:2412-2421. [PMID: 28541949 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antibiotics in drinking water and wastewater has not been widely studied because the sanitary engineering sector mainly focuses on the removal of organic matter and nutrients. There is a lack of environmental regulations for pollutants like antibiotics. Batch tests analyse biodegradability to measure the anaerobic degradation potential of the substrate, or they can be used as toxicity tests. Oxytetracycline, florfenicol (FLO), ceftiofur (CEF) and penicillin G (PEN), commonly used in Colombia for the treatment of livestock diseases, were added in different concentrations to anaerobic sludge contained in serological glass bottles. The production of methane stored in the empty spaces of the bottles was monitored in order to determine the effect of the aforementioned antibiotics on the anaerobic process. It was found that CEF did not have any inhibitory effect on methanogenic activity, while PEN showed inhibition at all concentrations evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Rodríguez
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia E-mail:
| | - Yudy A Londoño
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia E-mail:
| | - Gustavo A Peñuela
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia E-mail:
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24
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Biošić M, Mitrevski M, Babić S. Environmental behavior of sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, and their metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:9802-9812. [PMID: 28258427 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides are one of the most frequently used antibiotics worldwide. Therefore, processes that determine their fate in the environment are of great interest. In the present work, biodegradation as biotic process and hydrolysis and photolysis as abiotic processes were investigated. In biodegradation experiments, it was found out that sulfonamides (sulfadiazine and sulfamethazine) and their N 4-acetylated metabolites were not readily biodegradable. The results showed that decrease of concentrations were in the range from 4% for sulfadiazine to 22% for N 4-acetylsulfamethazine. Hydrolytic experiments examined at pH values normally found in the environment also showed their resistance. However, photolysis proved to be significant process for decreasing concentrations of sulfonamides and their metabolites in three various aqueous matrices (Milli-Q water, river water, and synthetic wastewater). In addition, influence of ubiquitous water constituents (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, PO43-, and humic acids) was also investigated, showing their different impact on photolysis of investigated pharmaceuticals. The results showed that photolysis followed first-order kinetics in all cases. The obtained results are very important for assesing the environmental fate of sulfonamides and their metabolites in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Biošić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marija Mitrevski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Babić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Liu X, Lu S, Liu Y, Meng W, Zheng B. Adsorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) by humic acid (HA): characteristics and mechanism. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06231a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The adsorption behavior and mechanisms of single adsorption and co-adsorption of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole with HA were studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Dongtinghu Lake Ecological Observation and Research Station (DEORS)
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Dongtinghu Lake Ecological Observation and Research Station (DEORS)
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
- Beijing 100012
- China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Geography and Environment
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250358
- PR China
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Dongtinghu Lake Ecological Observation and Research Station (DEORS)
| | - Binghui Zheng
- Dongtinghu Lake Ecological Observation and Research Station (DEORS)
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
- Beijing 100012
- China
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26
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Trawiński J, Skibiński R. Studies on photodegradation process of psychotropic drugs: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:1152-1199. [PMID: 27696160 PMCID: PMC5306312 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of psychotropic drugs is still increasing, especially in high-income countries. One of the most crucial consequences of this fact is significant release of them to the environment. Considerable amounts of atypical antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and their metabolites were detected in river, lake, and sea water, as well as in tissues of aquatic organisms. Their ecotoxicity was proved by numerous studies. It should be noticed that interaction between psychotropic pharmaceuticals and radiation may lead to formation of potentially more toxic intermediates. On the other hand, photo-assisted wastewater treatment methods can be used as an efficient way to eliminate them from the environment. Many methods based on photolysis and photocatalysis were proposed and developed recently; nevertheless, the problem is still unsolved. However, according to recent studies, photocatalysis could be considered as the most promising and far more effective than regular photolysis. An overview on photolytic as well as homogenous and heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation methods with the use of various catalysts is presented. The photostability and phototoxicity of pharmaceuticals were also discussed. Various analytical methods were used for the photodegradation research, and this issue was also compared and summarized. Use of high-resolution multistage mass spectrometry (Q-TOF, ion trap, Orbitrap) was suggested. The combined techniques such as LC-MS, GC-MS, and LC-NMR, which enable qualitative and quantitative analyses in one run, proved to be the most valuable in this case. Assembling of MS/MS spectra libraries of drug molecules and their phototransformation products was identified as the future challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Trawiński
- Department of Medicinal, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Robert Skibiński
- Department of Medicinal, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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27
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Snowberger S, Adejumo H, He K, Mangalgiri KP, Hopanna M, Soares AD, Blaney L. Direct Photolysis of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics at 253.7 nm: Specific Reaction Kinetics and Formation of Equally Potent Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9533-42. [PMID: 27479003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Three fluoroquinolone-to-fluoroquinolone antibiotic transformations were monitored during UV-C irradiation processes. In particular, the following reactions were observed: enrofloxacin-to-ciprofloxacin, difloxacin-to-sarafloxacin, and pefloxacin-to-norfloxacin. The apparent molar absorptivity and fluence-based pseudo-first-order rate constants for transformation of the six fluoroquinolones by direct photolysis at 253.7 nm were determined for the pH 2-12 range. These parameters were deconvoluted to calculate specific molar absorptivity and fluence-based rate constants for cationic, zwitterionic, and anionic fluoroquinolone species. For a typical disinfection fluence of 40 mJ/cm(2), the apparent transformation efficiencies were inflated by 2-8% when fluoroquinolone products were not considered; moreover, the overall transformation efficiencies at 400 mJ/cm(2) varied by up to 40% depending on pH. The three product antibiotics, namely ciprofloxacin, sarafloxacin, and norfloxacin, were found to be equally or more potent than the parent fluoroquinolones using an Escherichia coli-based assay. UV treatment of a solution containing difloxacin was found to increase antimicrobial activity due to formation of sarafloxacin. These results highlight the importance of considering antibiotic-to-antibiotic transformations in UV-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Snowberger
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Hollie Adejumo
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Ke He
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Kiranmayi P Mangalgiri
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Mamatha Hopanna
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Ana Dulce Soares
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County , Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314 Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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28
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Norvill ZN, Shilton A, Guieysse B. Emerging contaminant degradation and removal in algal wastewater treatment ponds: Identifying the research gaps. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 313:291-309. [PMID: 27135171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Whereas the fate of emerging contaminants (ECs) during 'conventional' and 'advanced' wastewater treatment (WWT) has been intensively studied, little research has been conducted on the algal WWT ponds commonly used in provincial areas. The long retention times and large surface areas exposed to light potentially allow more opportunities for EC removal to occur, but experimental evidence is lacking to enable definite predictions about EC fate across different algal WWT systems. This study reviews the mechanisms of EC hydrolysis, sorption, biodegradation, and photodegradation, applying available knowledge to the case of algal WWT. From this basis the review identifies three main areas that need more research due to the unique environmental and ecological conditions occurring in algal WWT ponds: i) the effect of diurnally fluctuating pH and dissolved oxygen upon removal mechanisms; ii) the influence of algae and algal biomass on biodegradation and sorption under relevant conditions; and iii) the significance of EC photodegradation in the presence of dissolved and suspended materials. Because of the high concentration of dissolved organics typically found in algal WWT ponds, most EC photodegradation likely occurs via indirect mechanisms rather than direct photolysis in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane N Norvill
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Andy Shilton
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Benoit Guieysse
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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29
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Leal JF, Esteves VI, Santos EBH. Use of sunlight to degrade oxytetracycline in marine aquaculture's waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:932-939. [PMID: 27049790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxytracycline (OTC) is a broad spectrum antibiotic authorized for use in European aquaculture. Its photo-degradation has been widely studied in synthetic aqueous solutions, sometimes resorting to expensive methods and without proven effectiveness in natural waters. Thus, this work studied the possibility to apply the solar photo-degradation for removal of OTC from marine aquaculture's waters. For that, water samples were collected at different locals of the water treatment circuit, from two different aquaculture companies. Water samples were firstly characterized regarding to pH, salinity, total suspended solids (TSS), organic carbon and UV-Vis spectroscopic characteristics. Then, the samples were spiked with OTC and irradiated using simulated sunlight in order to evaluate the matrix effects on OTC photo-degradation. From kinetic results, the apparent quantum yields and the outdoor half-life times, at 40°N for midsummer and midwinter days were estimated by the first time for these conditions. For a midsummer day, at sea level, the outdoor half-life time predicted for OTC in these aquaculture's waters ranged between 21 and 25 min. Additionally, the pH and salinity effects on the OTC photo-degradation were evaluated and it has been shown that high pH values and the presence of sea salt increase the OTC photo-degradation rate in aquaculture's waters, compared to results in deionised water. The results are very promising to apply this low-cost methodology using the natural sunlight in aquaculture's waters to remove OTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Leal
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - V I Esteves
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - E B H Santos
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Sturini M, Speltini A, Maraschi F, Profumo A, Tarantino S, Gualtieri AF, Zema M. Removal of fluoroquinolone contaminants from environmental waters on sepiolite and its photo-induced regeneration. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:686-693. [PMID: 26796589 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sepiolite is studied as sorbent for removal of Fluoroquinolone (FQ) contaminants from water. Marbofloxacin (MAR) and Enrofloxacin (ENR) were chosen as model FQs since they are the two most commonly employed veterinary FQs in livestock farming in northern Italy. Adsorption experiments on two sepiolites (SP-1 and SSE16) were carried out in tap water at pH 7.5 to better mimic real conditions. The sorption experimental data were fitted by Freundlich, Langmuir and S-Logistic1 models. The latter better described MAR and ENR adsorptions. Adsorption capacities of SP-1 and SSE16, respectively, were 132 mg g(-1) and 121 mg g(-1) for MAR, and 112 mg g(-1) and 93 mg g(-1) for ENR. X-ray powder diffraction, performed on clay samples enriched with each FQ and on the pristine clays, showed no substantial differences between the two sepiolites and evidenced no significant structural changes after FQs uptake, as also verified by infrared spectroscopy. This indicates that adsorption occurs only on the external surface of the mineral and not in the intracrystalline microporosity, likely due to the interaction between the FQ carboxylic group and the sepiolite surface. For the first time solid-state photodegradation of the adsorbed FQs was investigated for regenerating the sorbent. Results showed that the adsorbed drugs are effectively photodegraded by solar light, thus allowing sepiolite to be reused. The efficiency of this material for remediation of contaminated water was proved on ditch water, collected downstream a swine farm, containing some tens of ng L(-1) of MAR and ENR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sturini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Speltini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Maraschi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Profumo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Tarantino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro F Gualtieri
- Department of Chemical and Earth Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Zema
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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31
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Bergheim M, Gminski R, Spangenberg B, Debiak M, Bürkle A, Mersch-Sundermann V, Kümmerer K, Gieré R. Antibiotics and sweeteners in the aquatic environment: biodegradability, formation of phototransformation products, and in vitro toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:18017-18030. [PMID: 26169816 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, in vitro toxicity as well as biopersistence and photopersistence of four artificial sweeteners (acesulfame, cyclamate, saccharine, and sucralose) and five antibiotics (levofloxacin, lincomycin, linezolid, marbofloxacin, and sarafloxacin) and of their phototransformation products (PTPs) were investigated. Furthermore, antibiotic activity was evaluated after UV irradiation and after exposure to inocula of a sewage treatment plant. The study reveals that most of the tested compounds and their PTPs were neither readily nor inherently biodegradable in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)-biodegradability tests. The study further demonstrates that PTPs are formed upon irradiation with an Hg lamp (UV light) and, to a lesser extent, upon irradiation with a Xe lamp (mimics sunlight). Comparing the nonirradiated with the corresponding irradiated solutions, a higher chronic toxicity against bacteria was found for the irradiated solutions of linezolid. Neither cytotoxicity nor genotoxicity was found in human cervical (HeLa) and liver (Hep-G2) cells for any of the investigated compounds or their PTPs. Antimicrobial activity of the tested fluoroquinolones was reduced after UV treatment, but it was not reduced after a 28-day exposure to inocula of a sewage treatment plant. This comparative study shows that PTPs can be formed as a result of UV treatment. The study further demonstrated that UV irradiation can be effective in reducing the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics, and consequently may help to reduce antimicrobial resistance in wastewaters. Nevertheless, the study also highlights that some PTPs may exhibit a higher ecotoxicity than the respective parent compounds. Consequently, UV treatment does not transform all micropollutants into harmless compounds and may not be a large-scale effluent treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Bergheim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Section of Toxicology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 115B, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 23b, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Richard Gminski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Section of Toxicology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 115B, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Bernd Spangenberg
- Process Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Applied Sciences, Badstrasse 24, 77652, Offenburg, Germany.
| | - Malgorzata Debiak
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Volker Mersch-Sundermann
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Section of Toxicology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 115B, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Section of Toxicology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 115B, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, 21335, Lueneburg, Germany.
| | - Reto Gieré
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6316, USA.
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32
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Fluoroquinolone residues in compost by green enhanced microwave-assisted extraction followed by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1410:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sturini M, Speltini A, Maraschi F, Pretali L, Ferri EN, Profumo A. Sunlight-induced degradation of fluoroquinolones in wastewater effluent: Photoproducts identification and toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 134:313-318. [PMID: 25966937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Enrofloxacin (ENR), Danofloxacin (DAN), Marbofloxacin (MAR) and Levofloxacin (LEV), five widely used fluoroquinolones (FQs), was studied in urban WWTP secondary effluent, under solar light. The degradation profiles and the kinetic constants were determined at the micrograms per litre levels (20-50 μg L(-1)). The photo-generated products were identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The toxicity of the photoproducts was assessed by Vibrio fischeri light emission inhibition assay performed on irradiated and not-irradiated FQs solutions, at environmentally significant concentrations. Attention was focused on the evaluation of the photoproducts contribution to the overall biotoxic effect of these emerging pollutants. Data from chronic exposure experiments (24-48 h) were primarily considered. Results confirmed the major usefulness of chronic toxicity data with respect to the acute assay ones and proved the not negligible biotoxicity of the FQs photodegradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sturini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Speltini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Maraschi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Pretali
- Parco Tecnologico Padano, via Einstein Albert, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Elida Nora Ferri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via S. Donato 15, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Profumo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Liang C, Zhao H, Deng M, Quan X, Chen S, Wang H. Impact of dissolved organic matter on the photolysis of the ionizable antibiotic norfloxacin. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 27:115-123. [PMID: 25597669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Norfloxacin (NOR), an ionizable antibiotic frequently used in the aquaculture industry, has aroused public concern due to its persistence, bacterial resistance, and environmental ubiquity. Therefore, we investigated the photolysis of different species of NOR and the impact of a ubiquitous component of natural water - dissolved organic matter (DOM), which has a special photochemical activity and normally acts as a sensitizer or inhibiter in the photolysis of diverse organics; furthermore, scavenging experiments combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were performed to evaluate the transformation of NOR in water. The results demonstated that NOR underwent direct photolysis and self-sensitized photolysis via hydroxyl radical (OH) and singlet oxygen ((1)O2) based on the scavenging experiments. In addition, DOM was found to influence the photolysis of different NOR species, and its impact was related to the concentration of DOM and type of NOR species. Photolysis of cationic NOR was photosensitized by DOM at low concentration, while zwitterionic and anionic NOR were photoinhibited by DOM, where quenching of OH predominated according to EPR experiments, accompanied by possible participation of excited triplet-state NOR and (1)O2. Photo-intermediate identification of different NOR species in solutions with/without DOM indicated that NOR underwent different photodegradation pathways including dechlorination, cleavage of the piperazine side chain and photooxidation, and DOM had little impact on the distribution but influenced the concentration evolution of photolysis intermediates. The results implied that for accurate ecological risk assessment of emerging ionizable pollutants, the impact of DOM on the environmental photochemical behavior of all dissociated species should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Minjie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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35
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Reynoso E, Spesia MB, García NA, Biasutti MA, Criado S. Riboflavin-sensitized photooxidation of Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime. Kinetic study and effect on Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 142:35-42. [PMID: 25496875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trace amounts of the widely used β-lactam antibiotics (Atbs) in waste water may cause adverse effects on the ecosystems and contribute to the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. On these grounds, kinetic and mechanistic aspects of photosensitized degradation of Ceftriaxone (Cft) and Cefotaxime (Ctx), have been studied in pure water by stationary and time-resolved techniques. Additionally, possible implications of these photoprocesses on the antimicrobial activity of the Atbs have also been investigated. Photoirradiation of aqueous solutions of Cft and Ctx produces the degradation of both Atbs in the presence of Riboflavin (vitamin B2), a well known pigment dissolved in natural aquatic systems. The process occurs through Type I and Type II mechanisms, with effective prevalence of the former. The participation of O2(-), OH and O2((1)Δg) is supported by experiments of oxygen consumption carried out in the presence of specific scavengers for such reactive oxygen species. Microbiological assays exhibit a parallelism between the rate of Cft and Ctx photodegradation and the loss of their bactericidal capacity on Staphylococcus aureus strains. Results contribute to both understanding kinetic and mechanism aspects of the degradation and predicting on natural decay of Atbs waste water-contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Reynoso
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Mariana B Spesia
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Norman A García
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - María A Biasutti
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina.
| | - Susana Criado
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina.
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Challis JK, Hanson ML, Friesen KJ, Wong CS. A critical assessment of the photodegradation of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments: defining our current understanding and identifying knowledge gaps. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:672-96. [PMID: 24643336 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00615h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a critical assessment of the state and quality of knowledge around the aquatic photochemistry of human- and veterinary-use pharmaceuticals from laboratory experiments and field observations. A standardized scoring rubric was used to assess relevant studies within four categories: experimental design, laboratory-based direct and indirect photolysis, and field/solar photolysis. Specific metrics for each category are defined to evaluate various aspects of experimental design (e.g., higher scores are given for more appropriate characterization of light source wavelength distribution). This weight of evidence-style approach allowed for identification of knowledge strengths and gaps covering three areas: first, the general extent of photochemical data for specific pharmaceuticals and classes; second, the overall quality of existing data (i.e., strong versus weak); and finally, trends in the photochemistry research around these specific compounds, e.g. the observation of specific and consistent oversights in experimental design. In general, those drugs that were most studied also had relatively good quality data. The four pharmaceuticals studied experimentally at least ten times in the literature had average total scores (lab and field combined) of ≥29, considered decent quality; carbamazepine (13 studies; average score of 31), diclofenac (12 studies; average score of 31), sulfamethoxazole (11 studies; average score of 34), and propranolol (11 studies; average score of 29). Major oversights and errors in data reporting and/or experimental design included: lack of measurement and reporting of incident light source intensity, lack of appropriate controls, use of organic co-solvents in irradiation solutions, and failure to consider solution pH. Consequently, a number of these experimental parameters were likely a cause of inconsistent measurements of direct photolysis rate constants and quantum yields, two photochemical properties that were highly variable in the literature. Overall, the assessment rubric provides an objective and scientifically-defensible set of metrics for assessing the quality of a study. A major recommendation is the development of a method guideline, based on this rubric, for conducting and reporting on photochemical studies that would produce consistent and reliable data for quantitative comparison across studies. Furthermore, an emphasis should be placed on conducting more dual-fate studies involving controlled photolysis experiments in natural sunlight, and whole system fate studies in either natural or artificial systems. This would provide accurate data describing the actual contribution of photolysis to the overall fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Challis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Yan S, Song W. Photo-transformation of pharmaceutically active compounds in the aqueous environment: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:697-720. [PMID: 24608883 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00502j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, the fate and transportation of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aqueous environments have raised significant concerns among the public, scientists and regulatory groups. Photodegradation is an important removal process in surface waters. This review summarizes the last 10 years (2003-2013) of studies on the solar or solar-simulated photodegradation of PhACs in aqueous environments. The PhACs covered include: beta-blockers, antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), histamine H₂-receptor antagonists, lipid regulators, carbamazepine, steroid hormones, and X-ray contrast media compounds. Kinetic studies, degradation mechanisms and toxicity removal are the three major topics involved in this review. The quantum yield for the direct photolysis of PhACs and the bimolecular reaction rate constants of PhACs with reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the ˙OH radical and singlet oxygen, are also summarized. This information is not only important to predict the PhAC photodegradation fate, but also is very useful for advanced treatment technologies, such as ozone or advanced oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
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Espejo A, Aguinaco A, García-Araya JF, Beltrán FJ. Sequential ozone advanced oxidation and biological oxidation processes to remove selected pharmaceutical contaminants from an urban wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2014; 49:1015-1022. [PMID: 24798900 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2014.894845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sequential treatments consisting in a chemical process followed by a conventional biological treatment, have been applied to remove mixtures of nine contaminants of pharmaceutical type spiked in a primary sedimentation effluent of a municipal wastewater. Combinations of ozone, UVA black light (BL) and Fe(III) or Fe₃O₄ catalysts constituted the chemical systems. Regardless of the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP), the removal of pharmaceutical compounds was achieved in 1 h of reaction, while total organic carbon (TOC) only diminished between 3.4 and 6%. Among selected ozonation systems to be implemented before the biological treatment, the application of ozone alone in the pre-treatment stage is recommended due to the increase of the biodegradability observed. The application of ozone followed by the conventional biological treatment leads high TOC and COD removal rates, 60 and 61%, respectively, and allows the subsequent biological treatment works with shorter hydraulic residence time (HRT). Moreover, the influence of the application of AOPs before and after a conventional biological process was compared, concluding that the decision to take depends on the characterization of the initial wastewater with pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara Espejo
- a Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Física , Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz , Spain
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Jiang H, Zhang D, Xiao S, Geng C, Zhang X. Occurrence and sources of antibiotics and their metabolites in river water, WWTPs, and swine wastewater in Jiulongjiang River basin, south China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:9075-9083. [PMID: 23812735 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the occurrence and sources of five cataloged antibiotics and metabolites were studied in Jiulongjiang River basin, south China. Nineteen antibiotics and 13 metabolites were detected in water samples from 16 river sampling sites, wastewater from 5 swine-raising facilities, and effluent from 5 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The results showed that 12 antibiotics and 6 metabolites were detected in river water samples. Sulfonamides (SAs) and their metabolites were detected at high concentrations (8.59-158.94 ng/L). Tetracyclines (TCs) and their metabolites were frequently detected in swine wastewater, and the maximum concentration was up to the level in milligram per liter. Macrolides (MLs) and β-lactams (β-Ls) were found in all WWTP effluent samples and some river samples, while they were never found in any of the swine wastewater samples. SAs and quinolones (QNs) were detected in all samples. Hierarchical cluster analysis of 16 surface water samples was applied to achieve the spatial distribution characteristics of antibiotics in the Jiulongjiang River. As a result, two categories were obviously obtained. Principal component analysis and redundancy analysis showed that TCs and SAs as well as their metabolites were the major antibiotics in Jiulongjiang River, and they mainly originated from swine wastewater, while the QNs, MLs, and β-Ls in the Jiulongjiang River came from WWTP effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyou Jiang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
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40
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Dolar D, Košutić K, Periša M, Babić S. Photolysis of enrofloxacin and removal of its photodegradation products from water by reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hubicka U, Żuromska-Witek B, Żmudzki P, Matwiej B, Krzek J. THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH DENSITOMETRY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF DIFLOXACIN AND ITS PHOTODEGRADATION PRODUCTS. KINETIC EVALUATION OF THE DEGRADATION PROCESS AND IDENTIFICATION OF PHOTOPRODUCTS BY MASS SPECTROMETRY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.790768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Hubicka
- a Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kraków , Poland
| | - Barbara Żuromska-Witek
- a Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kraków , Poland
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kraków , Poland
| | - Barbara Matwiej
- a Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kraków , Poland
| | - Jan Krzek
- a Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kraków , Poland
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Niu J, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhao J, Lv S, Xiao K. Effects of environmental factors on sulfamethoxazole photodegradation under simulated sunlight irradiation: kinetics and mechanism. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:1098-1106. [PMID: 24191598 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To advance the knowledge of the environmental fate of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), we systematically investigated the effects of natural water constituents and synthetic substances (i.e., TiO2 nanoparticles (nTiO2) and Ti-doped beta-Bi2O3 (NTB)) on the photodegradation kinetics of SMX under xenon lamp irradiation. The photolysis of SMX in aqueous solution followed first-order kinetics. Our results showed that higher concentrations of SMX, fulvic acid, suspended sediments, NTB and higher pH value decreased the photodegradation rates of SMX, whereas H2O2 improved the SMX photodegradation. TiO2 nanoparticles had a dual effect on photodegradation due to their photocatalytic activity and photoabsorption of photons. No intermediates more toxic toward Vibrio fischeri than SMX were produced after direct photolysis and photocatalytic degradation for 3 hr. The photolysis of SMX involved three pathways: hydroxylation, cleavage of the sulfonamide bond, and fragmentation of the isoxazole ring. This study lays the groundwork for a better understanding of the environmental fate of SMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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Bermúdez-Couso A, Nóvoa-Muñoz JC, Arias-Estévez M, Fernández-Calviño D. Influence of different abiotic and biotic factors on the metalaxyl and carbofuran dissipation. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:2526-2533. [PMID: 23218413 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metalaxyl and carbofuran dissipation was studied in response to different factors (soil bacterial communities, light irradiation, presence of an inorganic culture medium and presence of soil) and combinations of these factors in short-term experiments (48 h). The soil microbial communities have no effect on metalaxyl or carbofuran dissipation in the time scale employed. Light irradiation and soil promote metalaxyl and carbofuran dissipation by photodegradation and adsorption, respectively. However, photodegradation has a stronger effect on metalaxyl and carbofuran dissipation than the adsorption of the pesticides in the soil. The addition of the culture medium have no direct effect on pesticide dissipation, degradation by microbial communities or adsorption but its presence greatly increased photodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alipio Bermúdez-Couso
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Universidade de Vigo, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain; CITI (Centro de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación), University of Vigo, Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Nóvoa-Muñoz
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Universidade de Vigo, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain; CITI (Centro de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación), University of Vigo, Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Manuel Arias-Estévez
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Universidade de Vigo, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain; CITI (Centro de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación), University of Vigo, Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain
| | - David Fernández-Calviño
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Universidade de Vigo, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain; CITI (Centro de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación), University of Vigo, Tecnopole, San Cibrao das Viñas, Ourense, Spain.
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Wammer KH, Korte AR, Lundeen RA, Sundberg JE, McNeill K, Arnold WA. Direct photochemistry of three fluoroquinolone antibacterials: norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:439-448. [PMID: 23141476 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibacterial compounds are frequently detected in the aquatic environment, and photodegradation is expected to play an important role in FQ fate in some sunlit surface waters. This study investigated the direct aquatic photochemistry of three FQs: norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. The direct photolysis rate of each drug exhibited strong pH dependence when exposed to simulated sunlight. For each FQ, direct photolysis rates and total light absorbance were used to calculate quantum yields for each of three environmentally relevant protonation states: a cationic, a zwitterionic, and an anionic form. In each case, quantum yields of the species varied significantly. The quantum yield for the zwitterionic form was 2-3 times higher than that of the anionic form and over an order of magnitude higher than that of the cationic form. Antibacterial activity assays were used to determine whether the loss of parent FQ due to photolysis led to loss of activity. Norfloxacin and ofloxacin photoproducts were found to be inactive, whereas enrofloxacin photoproducts were found to retain significant activity. These results are important for aiding in predictions of the potential impacts of FQs in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine H Wammer
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA.
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45
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Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Environmentally Relevant Matrices by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). ANALYSIS, REMOVAL, EFFECTS AND RISK OF PHARMACEUTICALS IN THE WATER CYCLE - OCCURRENCE AND TRANSFORMATION IN THE ENVIRONMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62657-8.00011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Sturini M, Speltini A, Maraschi F, Pretali L, Profumo A, Fasani E, Albini A, Migliavacca R, Nucleo E. Photodegradation of fluoroquinolones in surface water and antimicrobial activity of the photoproducts. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:5575-5582. [PMID: 22901305 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The widespread presence of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) in natural ecosystems is a health hazard for humans and other living organisms. The role of sunlight in degrading FQs present in environmental waters has been studied. In particular, the photodegradation of four largely employed FQs, viz. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Danofloxacin (DAN), Levofloxacin (LEV) and Moxifloxacin (MOX) has been studied in not tampered river water. Degradation rates have been investigated at ppb levels (20-50 μg L(-1)) under solar light, and the results have been commented critically. The products distribution has been studied by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis and structures have been attributed on the basis of their mass fragmentation spectra. Importantly from the environmental point of view, the (potentially toxic) FQ nucleus remained intact over the early stages of the degradation. Indeed, the photoproducts were proved to possess residual antibacterial activity, as shown from in vitro antibacterial activity tests against different well characterized human and environmental bacterial strains, carried out on the above FQs, as well as for Enrofloxacin (ENR) and Marbofloxacin (MAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sturini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Speltini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Federica Maraschi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Pretali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Profumo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Elisa Fasani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Albini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Migliavacca
- Department of Morphological, Eidological and Clinical Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Brambilla 74, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Nucleo
- Department of Morphological, Eidological and Clinical Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Brambilla 74, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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47
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West CE, Rowland SJ. Aqueous phototransformation of diazepam and related human metabolites under simulated sunlight. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:4749-56. [PMID: 22489744 DOI: 10.1021/es203529z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phototransformation of the widely used benzodiazepine pharmaceuticals diazepam and human metabolites nordiazepam, temazepam and oxazepam under simulated sunlight in water was investigated. Photolysis experiments were conducted in the presence and absence of humic acids. Half-lives for each of the benzodiazepine pharmaceuticals were <200 h (under all conditions) suggesting that phototransformation is an important process for such chemicals in the photic zone of receiving waters. Due to the observed phototransformation of the benzodiazepines, significant emphasis was placed on identification of the photoproducts. A total of fourteen photoproducts, including benzophenones, acridinones and quinazolinones or quinazolines was identified and measured by liquid chromatography-multistage mass spectrometry (LC-MS(n)). Phototransformation studies were also undertaken on authentic samples of two of the identified photoproducts, 5-chloro-methylaminobenzophenone and 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone, in order to establish the phototransformation pathways. Interestingly, these two photoproducts showed relatively higher persistence than some of the benzodiazepines, suggesting that the fate and effects of photoproducts should also be incorporated into future risk assessments and environmental models of the fate of benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E West
- Petroleum & Environmental Geochemistry Group, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
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48
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Sturini M, Speltini A, Maraschi F, Profumo A, Pretali L, Fasani E, Albini A. Sunlight-induced degradation of soil-adsorbed veterinary antimicrobials Marbofloxacin and Enrofloxacin. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 86:130-7. [PMID: 22051342 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Marbofloxacin (MAR) and Enrofloxacin (ENR), two largely employed veterinary Fluoroquinolones (FQs), were found to be present at the micrograms per kilogram level in agricultural soils of South Lombardy (Italy) several months after manuring. Distribution coefficients (K(d)) from sorption experiments indicated a strong binding to the soil. Soil samples fortified with environmentally significant FQs amounts (0.5 mg kg(-1)) were exposed to solar light that promoted extensive degradation (80%) of both drugs in 60-150 h. Thus, photochemistry could be considered a significant depollution path in the soil, although it was two orders of magnitudes slower than in aqueous solution and a fraction of the drug (ca. 20%) remained unaffected. For MAR the photoprocess was the same as in solution, and involved cleavage of the tetrahydrooxadiazine ring. On the contrary, with ENR only some of the photoproducts determined in water (those arising from a stepwise oxidation of the piperazine side chain) were observed. Substitution of the 6-fluoro by a hydroxyl group and reduction did not occur in the soil, supporting the previous contention that such processes required polar solvation of FQs. Consistently with this rationalization, the irradiation of thin layers of solid drugs led to essentially the same products distribution as in the soil. From the environmental point of view it is important to notice that photodegradation mainly affects the side-chains, while the fluoroquinolone ring, to which the biological effect is associated, is conserved up to the later stages of the degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sturini
- Department of Chemistry, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Fatta-Kassinos D, Vasquez MI, Kümmerer K. Transformation products of pharmaceuticals in surface waters and wastewater formed during photolysis and advanced oxidation processes - degradation, elucidation of byproducts and assessment of their biological potency. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:693-709. [PMID: 21835425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The significance of transformation products of pharmaceuticals resulting from the parent compounds during natural and technical photolytic processes and advanced oxidation processes has only recently started to attract the interest of the scientific community. Even though relevant studies have now started to produce important knowledge, still many gaps exist that hinder the in-depth and broad understanding of the extent of the potential problems stemming from the presence of such compounds in the environment and the applicability of such techniques for wastewater and potable water treatment. The great diversity of pharmaceutical compounds, the variety of processes and conditions applied by the various research groups active in the field, and the endless list of potential biological endpoints that could potentially be explored, coupled with the limitations related to the analytical capabilities presently available, are some of the crucial parameters that characterize this challenging research direction. This review paper tries to highlight some of the most relevant studies performed so far and to summarize the parameters that prevent scientists from reaching comprehensive conclusions in relation to the formation, fate, and effects of transformation products of pharmaceutical compounds during photo-driven and advanced oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fatta-Kassinos
- Gaia - Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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50
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Li Y, Niu J, Wang W. Photolysis of Enrofloxacin in aqueous systems under simulated sunlight irradiation: Kinetics, mechanism and toxicity of photolysis products. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:892-897. [PMID: 21807396 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Photolysis of Enro in water was investigated under simulated sunlight irradiation using a Xenon lamp. The results showed that Enro photolysis followed apparent first-order kinetics. Increasing Enro concentration from 5.0 to 40.0 mg L⁻¹ led to the decrease of the photolysis rate constant from 1.6 × 10⁻² to 3.0 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹. Compared with the acidic and basic conditions, the photolysis rate was faster at neutral condition. Both of nitrate and humic acid can markedly decrease the photolysis rate of Enro because they can competitively absorb photons with Enro. The electron spin resonance and reactive oxygen species scavenging experiments indicated that Enro underwent self-sensitized photooxidation via OH and ¹O₂. After irradiation for 90 min, only 13.1% reduction of TOC occurred in spite of fast photolysis of 58.9% of Enro, indicating that Enro was transformed into intermediates without complete mineralization. The photolysis of Enro involved three main pathways: decarboxylation, defluorination, and piperazinyl N⁴-dealkylation. The bioluminescence inhibition rate using Vibrio fischeri increased to 67.2% at 60 min and then decreased to 56.9% at 90 min, indicative of the generation of some more toxic intermediates than Enro and then the degradation of the intermediates. The results will help us understand fundamental mechanisms of Enro photolysis and provide insight into the potential fate and transformation of Enro in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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