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Guan Y, Guo Z, Chen W, Fan K, He H, Cui L, Huang C, He X, Xu Z, Zhang J, He Y, Wang H. Migration mechanisms of 90Sr and 137Cs on terraces. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2024; 275:107428. [PMID: 38547560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In order to investigate the impact of environmental conditions on the distribution and migration of 90Sr in the Longji terrace environment, the activity concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs were determined. The activity concentration ranges of 90Sr and 137Cs in surface soil were 0.15-1.04 Bq/kg and 2.16-6.94 Bq/kg, respectively. These results showed that there was a similar trend between the activity concentration of 90Sr and 137Cs in the surface soil along the runoff path and their activity concentration were influenced by the slope of the terraced terrain. On the other hand, the activity ranges of 90Sr and 137Cs in soil cores were 0.01-2.74 Bq/kg and 0.43-7.19 Bq/kg, respectively. These results indicate that the migration mechanism of 90Sr is different from that of 137Cs. As compared with 137Cs, 90Sr is significantly influenced by the moisture content. In addition, high span of 137Cs/90Sr activity ratios were found in this study, which were attributed to the characteristics of cultivated land and frequent artificial disturbances that intensified the migration of 90Sr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Guan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Zichen Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Radiation-Environment Management and Monitoring Station of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, Nanning, 530222, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Kaidi Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Hua He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Liangjia Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chunping Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xianwen He
- Radiation-Environment Management and Monitoring Station of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, Nanning, 530222, China
| | - Zeyue Xu
- Radiation-Environment Management and Monitoring Station of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, Nanning, 530222, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Radiation-Environment Management and Monitoring Station of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, Nanning, 530222, China
| | - Ye He
- Radiation-Environment Management and Monitoring Station of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, Nanning, 530222, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Endo R, Karasawa S, Aoyagi H. Simultaneous removal of caesium and strontium using different removal mechanisms of probiotic bacteria. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7630. [PMID: 38561437 PMCID: PMC10984957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
When radioactive materials are released into the environment due to nuclear power plant accidents, they may enter into the body, and exposing it to internal radiation for long periods of time. Although several agents have been developed that help excrete radioactive elements from the digestive tract, only one type of radioactive element can be removed using a single agent. Therefore, we considered the simultaneous removal of caesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) by utilising the multiple metal removal mechanisms of probiotic bacteria. In this study, the Cs and Sr removal capacities of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria were investigated. Observation using an electron probe micro analyser suggested that Cs was accumulated within the bacterial cells. Since Sr was removed non metabolically, it is likely that it was removed by a mechanism different from that of Cs. The amount of Cs and Sr that the cells could simultaneously retain decreased when compared to that for each element alone, but some strains showed only a slight reduction in removal. For example, Bifidobacterium adolescentis JCM1275 could simultaneously retain 55.7 mg-Cs/g-dry cell and 8.1 mg-Sr/g-dry cell. These results demonstrated the potentials of utilizing complex biological system in simultaneous removal of multiple metal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rin Endo
- Division of Life Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Satoshi Karasawa
- Division of Life Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hideki Aoyagi
- Division of Life Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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3
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Fast determination of 90Sr using liquid scintillation counter based on shielding package. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Corcho-Alvarado J, Gosteli R, Röllin S, Sahli H, Stauffer M, Burger M. Determination of strontium radioisotopes in routine and emergency samples. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 186:110269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Fast analysis method of strontium-90 after separation using crown ether resin. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Froidevaux P, Pittet PA, Bühlmann D, Bochud F, Straub M. Ion-imprinted resin for use in an automated solid phase extraction system for determining 90Sr in environmental and human samples. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn 90Sr analysis, determining its daughter 90Y improves the sensitivity of the radiometric methods. We found that to imprint a cavity made of [Y(6-(4-Vinylphenylcarbamoyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate)3] into a polystyrene skeleton yields a solid phase extraction resin with high selectivity for Y and Ln(III) over transition metals, alkaline, and alkaline-earth cations. We used this resin in an automated chromatography system to extract 90Y from milk, grass, vegetables, soil, sediments, water, human bones, and milk teeth samples. We found that the ion-imprinted resin could be used to separate light Ln(III) using a pH gradient, favoring the targeting of molecules used in nuclear medicine.
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Firouzabadi M, Jahromi HJ, Ardakani HA. Determination of 90Sr in sea shell: environmental monitoring. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pittet PA, Josset M, Boilley D, Bernollin A, Rougier G, Froidevaux P. Origin and age of an ongoing radioactive contamination of soils near La hague reprocessing plant based on 239+240Pu/ 238Pu and 241Am/ 241Pu current ratios and 90Sr and Ln(III) soil contents. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129332. [PMID: 33422999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear reprocessing plants are sources of environmental contamination by gaseous or liquid discharges. Numerous radionuclides are of concern, with actinides and 90Sr being the most radiotoxic. Environmental radioactivity survey programs mostly use γ-spectrometry to track contaminations because γ-spectrometry is very cost effective and can be carried out on raw samples. On the other hand, the determination of β- or α-emitting radionuclides in environmental samples requires rather sophisticated analytical methods, and are thus dedicated to specific goals. However, measuring radionuclides such as Pu, Am, and Sr often provides more information about the presence of a current or prior contamination and on its origin, based on the isotopic composition of the samples. We found that the analysis of 241Pu, 239+240Pu, 241Am, and 90Sr of a few selected soil samples taken near the nuclear reprocessing plant of La Hague, France, revealed the presence of a previous environmental contamination originating from several incidents in La Hague site involving atmospheric transfer and leaks in flooded waste pits. The 241Am-241Pu dating method indicated a contamination period prior to 1983. The presence of elevated levels of light non-radioactive lanthanides and yttrium in the soil samples confirmed the involvement of cold fuel. Our results demonstrate how long-lived actinides are likely to reveal a long-term contamination of the environment by spent fuel. Our study indicates that there is a requirement to use more sophisticated tools than γ-spectrometry when surveying the environments surrounding industrial plants for nuclear power and nuclear reprocessing with a potential for the accidental release of radioactivity into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-André Pittet
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mylène Josset
- ACRO, Association pour le Contrôle de La Radioactivité Dans L'Ouest, 138, Rue de L'Eglise, 14200, Hérouville St Clair, France
| | - David Boilley
- ACRO, Association pour le Contrôle de La Radioactivité Dans L'Ouest, 138, Rue de L'Eglise, 14200, Hérouville St Clair, France
| | - Antoine Bernollin
- ACRO, Association pour le Contrôle de La Radioactivité Dans L'Ouest, 138, Rue de L'Eglise, 14200, Hérouville St Clair, France
| | - Guillaume Rougier
- ACRO, Association pour le Contrôle de La Radioactivité Dans L'Ouest, 138, Rue de L'Eglise, 14200, Hérouville St Clair, France
| | - Pascal Froidevaux
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Nguyen Van T, Thi Ngoc HP, Xuan SV, Huu TT, Phong THN, Le Cong H. Modelling the mitigation speeds of 137Cs, 90Sr and 131I in the topsoils and assessment of the radiological hazards. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:216-224. [PMID: 30448704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fate modelling of artificial radionuclides (ARs) in top soils are necessary to assess the radiological effects to population. Among ARs, 137Cs, 90Sr and 131I are very important since the large abundances in the environment. In this study, the fates of 137Cs, 90Sr and 131I in the surface soil layers were simulated by the soil model which was developed by the Canadian Centre for Environmental Modelling and Chemistry (CEMC). The scenario that 137Cs, 90Sr and 131I contaminated in topsoil in the exclusion of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) accident was evaluated. The results show the expected time for the minimum hazardous level of exposure. It is 115.5 days after the exposure, when the total effective dose is 1 mSv y-1 in which 0.46 mSv y-1 from ingestion and 0.54 mSv y-1 from gamma exposure. Hazard levels due to exposure progresses are varied in order gamma exposure (82.14%) > ingestion (17.47%) > inhalation (0.39%). The hazard levels from radionuclides are varied in order 137Cs (63.34%) > 131I (33.48%) > 90Sr (3.18%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang Nguyen Van
- Nuclear Technique Laboratory, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Han Phan Thi Ngoc
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Son Vi Xuan
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trong Tran Huu
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thu Huynh Nguyen Phong
- Nuclear Technique Laboratory, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Department of Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hao Le Cong
- Nuclear Technique Laboratory, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Department of Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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10
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Pittet PA, Bochud F, Froidevaux P. Determination of 89Sr and 90Sr in fresh cow milk and raw urine using crystalline synthetic tunnel manganese oxides and layered metal sulfides. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1047:267-274. [PMID: 30567659 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
89Sr and 90Sr are both fission products of high radiotoxicity, which can be released in significant amounts in the event of a nuclear accident. Radiostrontium isotopes will follow calcium all along the food chain and, after ingestion, accumulate in the bones. Therefore, it is imperative to be able to determine 89Sr and 90Sr in raw milk samples in case of an accidental situation to evaluate the dose given by both radionuclides to the population. Several methods exist for conducting 89Sr and 90Sr determination. However, most of them use at least one chromatographic step to purify strontium. This, unfortunately, increases the analytical time before the results can be released to the authorities. In addition, they often use liquid scintillation counting to determine the 89Sr and 90Sr activities, a method which can handle only one sample at a time. Here we propose using synthetic tunnel manganese oxides such as cryptomelane and todorokite and layered metal sulfides to selectively extract strontium from fresh milk and raw urine in a batch sorption method. We found that the method is very quick and yields very pure sources of (radio)-strontium, which can be counted in a proportional counter. Data (counts per minute) from the counter were fitted to a mathematical expression enabling the simultaneous determination of 89Sr and 90Sr. Because a proportional counter often has several drawers, it is typically possible to measure up to 16 samples at a time. Since cryptomelane is a binding phase easily synthesized in a large quantity, we anticipate that this technique could be an interesting alternative to conventional solid phase extraction chromatography methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-André Pittet
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Bochud
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Froidevaux
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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11
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Shao Y, Yang G, Tazoe H, Ma L, Yamada M, Xu D. A review of measurement methodologies and their applications to environmental 90Sr. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 192:321-333. [PMID: 30029206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The high fission yield product 90Sr has been released into the environment in large amounts due to nuclear weapon tests, nuclear power plant accidents, and nuclear fuel reprocessing industries. It is a long half-life radionuclide (28.9 y), with serious consequences to human health; hence, it is desirable to perform routine monitoring of 90Sr in environmental samples. Many 90Sr radiometric methods have been developed in the past decades, which generally require complicated separation and purification steps with a relatively long analytical time. Moreover, some nominally rapid methods usually have high method detection limits, making them unsuitable for the environmental samples with ultra-low 90Sr levels. In this review, some rapid and practical methods for 90Sr routine monitoring are summarized. Different sample pretreatments and major purification procedures for 90Sr developed in recent years, such as variable digestion methods and extraction chromatography using Sr resin or DGA resin, are especially described. Additionally, four conventional and widely used β spectrometric and mass spectrometric methods are demonstrated. Finally, 90Sr evaluations focusing on contaminated soil and seawater samples collected after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, and 90Sr application as tracers for environmental behavior are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan; School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guosheng Yang
- Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tazoe
- Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Lingling Ma
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Masatoshi Yamada
- Department of Radiation Chemistry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
| | - Diandou Xu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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12
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Iqbal MA, Ueland M, Forbes SL. Recent advances in the estimation of post-mortem interval in forensic taphonomy. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2018.1459840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asif Iqbal
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Australia
| | - Maiken Ueland
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Australia
| | - Shari L. Forbes
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Australia
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Koarai K, Kino Y, Takahashi A, Suzuki T, Shimizu Y, Chiba M, Osaka K, Sasaki K, Urushihara Y, Fukuda T, Isogai E, Yamashiro H, Oka T, Sekine T, Fukumoto M, Shinoda H. 90Sr specific activity of teeth of abandoned cattle after the Fukushima accident - teeth as an indicator of environmental pollution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 183:1-6. [PMID: 29274551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
90Sr specific activity in the teeth of young cattle that were abandoned in Kawauchi village and Okuma town located in the former evacuation areas of the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident were measured. Additionally, specific activity in contaminated surface soils sampled from the same area was measured. (1) All cattle teeth examined were contaminated with 90Sr. The specific activity, however, varied depending on the developmental stage of the teeth during the FNPP accident; teeth that had started development before the accident exhibited comparatively lower values, while teeth developed mainly after the accident showed higher values. (2) Values of 90Sr-specific activity in teeth formed after the FNPP accident were higher than those of the bulk soil but similar to those in the exchangeable fraction (water and CH3COONH4 soluble fractions) of the soil. The findings suggest that 90Sr was incorporated into the teeth during the process of development, and that 90Sr in the soluble and/or leachable fractions of the soil might migrate into teeth and contribute to the amount of 90Sr in the teeth. Thus, the concentration of 90Sr in teeth formed after the FNPP accident might reflect the extent of 90Sr pollution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasushi Kino
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan; International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Mirei Chiba
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Ken Osaka
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan; International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Emiko Isogai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Toshitaka Oka
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Japan; Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekine
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Japan; Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Japan.
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Uesugi M, Watanabe R, Sakai H, Yokoyama A. Rapid method for determination of 90Sr in seawater by liquid scintillation counting with an extractive scintillator. Talanta 2018; 178:339-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Suslova KG, Sokolova AB, Tolmachev SY, Miller SC. The MAYAK WORKER DOSIMETRY SYSTEM (MWDS-2013): ESTIMATION OF PLUTONIUM SKELETAL BURDEN FROM LIMITED AUTOPSY BONE SAMPLES FROM MAYAK PA WORKERS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 176:117-131. [PMID: 27542811 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The method to estimate total skeleton plutonium burden of former Mayak Production Association (MPA) workers from limited bone samples obtained at autopsy is described. From two to nine bone samples were obtained at autopsies conducted from the mid-1950s to 2013. Plutonium was measured using alpha-radiometry up to 2000 and later by alpha-spectrometry. The method was validated using data from whole-body donations from the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR). The developed algorithm overestimated the USTUR values from 20 to 40%, that is quite acceptable for conservative estimation. Late-in-life liver diseases known to redistribute plutonium between liver and skeleton were not associated with significant differences in plutonium deposition among sampled bones, except for the pelvis. Sources of uncertainties are discussed and future studies will address the reduction of these uncertainties. This algorithm can be used to obtain data in support of the development of biokinetic, dosimetric and risk models for humans exposed to plutonium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Suslova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region , Russia
| | - A B Sokolova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region , Russia
| | - S Yu Tolmachev
- United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR), College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Richland, WA, USA
| | - S C Miller
- Division of Radiobiology, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Amadasi A, Cappella A, Cattaneo C, Cofrancesco P, Cucca L, Merli D, Milanese C, Pinto A, Profumo A, Scarpulla V, Sguazza E. Determination of the post mortem interval in skeletal remains by the comparative use of different physico-chemical methods: Are they reliable as an alternative to 14C? HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2017; 68:213-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Corcho-Alvarado JA, Balsiger B, Sahli H, Astner M, Byrde F, Röllin S, Holzer R, Mosimann N, Wüthrich S, Jakob A, Burger M. Long-term behavior of (90)Sr and (137)Cs in the environment: Case studies in Switzerland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 160:54-63. [PMID: 27132253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present long-term records of the (137)Cs and (90)Sr activity concentrations in soil, grass and milk from two lowland and two alpine pastures of Switzerland. The data is used for better understanding the long-term behavior of these radionuclides in the environment. Transfer factors between compartments are used as qualitative indicators of the magnitude of transfer and as a way to compare different elements (e.g. Cs and Sr) in similar conditions. The long-term behavior was quantified by means of the effective half-life which integrates all processes that cause a decrease of activity in a given medium such as leaching, fixation, erosion and radioactive decay. Our study shows that (90)Sr is more likely transferred from alpine soil to grass than (137)Cs. This is explained by a stronger fixation of Cs in the soils. We observed higher transfers of (90)Sr to grass in soils with lower Ca concentrations, and vice versa. In contrast, the transfer of (137)Cs to grass was not affected by the variations of the K content in the soil. We provide evidence that shows that (137)Cs, after intake by dairy cattle, is more likely transferred to milk than (90)Sr. However, as the (90)Sr and Ca transfers to milk are influenced by parameters/processes that were not taken into account in our study, our result cannot be entirely validated. The effective half-lives of (137)Cs and (90)Sr in soil, grass and milk corresponded with previous estimates in alpine soils. We have found that processes other than radioactive decay are responsible for a major decrease of the (90)Sr activity in soil. For (137)Cs, on the other hand, radioactive decay is among the most relevant process. Our data shows to be of interest in studying the trends of behavior of radionuclides in alpine regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Corcho-Alvarado
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland.
| | - B Balsiger
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - H Sahli
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - M Astner
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - F Byrde
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - S Röllin
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - R Holzer
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - N Mosimann
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - S Wüthrich
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - A Jakob
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - M Burger
- Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez Laboratory, Physics Division, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
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18
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Koarai K, Kino Y, Takahashi A, Suzuki T, Shimizu Y, Chiba M, Osaka K, Sasaki K, Fukuda T, Isogai E, Yamashiro H, Oka T, Sekine T, Fukumoto M, Shinoda H. (90)Sr in teeth of cattle abandoned in evacuation zone: Record of pollution from the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24077. [PMID: 27045764 PMCID: PMC4820720 DOI: 10.1038/srep24077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we determined the 90Sr concentrations in the teeth of cattle abandoned in the evacuation area of the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident. 90Sr activity concentrations in the teeth varied from 6–831 mBq (g Ca)−1 and exhibited a positive relationship with the degree of radioactive contamination that the cattle experienced. Even within an individual animal, the specific activity of 90Sr (Bq (g Sr)−1) varied depending on the development stage of the teeth during the FNPP accident: teeth that were early in development exhibited high 90Sr specific activities, while teeth that were late in development exhibited low specific activities. These findings demonstrate that 90Sr is incorporated into the teeth during tooth development; thus, tooth 90Sr activity concentrations reflect environmental 90Sr levels during tooth formation. Assessment of 90Sr in teeth could provide useful information about internal exposure to 90Sr radiation and allow for the measurement of time-course changes in the degree of environmental 90Sr pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasushi Kino
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan.,International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Mirei Chiba
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Ken Osaka
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan.,International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Emiko Isogai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Toshitaka Oka
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Japan.,Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekine
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Japan.,Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan
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19
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Ogawa K, Fukuda T, Han J, Kitamura Y, Shiba K, Odani A. Evaluation of Chlorella as a Decorporation Agent to Enhance the Elimination of Radioactive Strontium from Body. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148080. [PMID: 26828430 PMCID: PMC4734693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Release of radionuclides, such as 137Cs and 90Sr, into the atmosphere and the ocean presents an important problem because internal exposure to 137Cs and 90Sr could be very harmful to humans. Chlorella has been reported to be effective in enhancing the excretion of heavy metals; thus, we hypothesized that Chlorella could also enhance the elimination of 137Cs or 90Sr from the body. We evaluated the potential of Chlorella as a decorporation agent in vitro and in vivo, using 85Sr instead of 90Sr. Methods In vitro experiments of adsorption of 137Cs and 85Sr to Chlorella were performed under wide pH conditions. The maximum sorption capacity of Chlorella to strontium was estimated using the Langmuir model. A 85Sr solution was orally administrated to mice pretreated with Chlorella. At 48 h after 85Sr administration, the biodistribution of radioactivity was determined. Results In the in vitro experiments, although 85Sr barely adsorbed to Chlorella at low pH, the 85Sr adsorption ratio to Chlorella increased with increasing pH. The maximum sorption capacity of Chlorella to strontium was 9.06 mg / g. 137Cs barely adsorbed to Chlorella under any pH conditions. In the biodistribution experiments, bone accumulation of radioactivity after 85Sr administration was significantly decreased in the Chlorella pretreatment group compared with the non-treatment control group. Conclusions In conclusion, these results indicated that Chlorella could inhibit the absorption of 90Sr into the blood and enhance the elimination of 90Sr from the body through adsorption in intestine. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism and the components of Chlorella needed for adsorption to strontium and could promote the development of more effective decorporation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Ogawa
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tadahisa Fukuda
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Yoji Kitamura
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akira Odani
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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20
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Effects of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident on goshawk reproduction. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9405. [PMID: 25802117 PMCID: PMC4371089 DOI: 10.1038/srep09405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the influence of nuclear accidents on the reproduction of top predators has not been investigated, it is important that we identify the effects of such accidents because humans are also top predators. We conducted field observation for 22 years and analysed the reproductive performance of the goshawk (Accipiter gentilis fujiyamae), a top avian predator in the North Kanto area of Japan, before and after the accidents at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant that occurred in 2011. The reproductive performance declined markedly compared with the pre-accident years and progressively decreased for the three post-accident study years. Moreover, it was suggested that these declines were primarily caused by an increase in the air dose rate of radio-active contaminants measured under the nests caused by the nuclear accidents, rather than by other factors. We consider the trends in the changes of the reproductive success rates and suggest that internal exposure may play an important role in the reproductive performance of the goshawk, as well as external exposure.
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21
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Passlack N, Mainzer B, Lahrssen-Wiederholt M, Schafft H, Palavinskas R, Breithaupt A, Zentek J. Concentrations of strontium, barium, cadmium, copper, zinc, manganese, chromium, antimony, selenium, and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age, gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease. J Vet Sci 2014; 16:57-66. [PMID: 25234328 PMCID: PMC4367150 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Passlack
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin,
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22
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Radioactive isotope analyses of skeletal materials in forensic science: a review of uses and potential uses. Int J Legal Med 2014; 128:685-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-014-0970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Schrag B, Uldin T, Mangin P, Bochud F, Froidevaux P. Dating human skeletal remains using 90Sr and 210Pb: case studies. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 234:190.e1-6. [PMID: 24287304 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In legal medicine, the post mortem interval (PMI) of interest covers the last 50 years. When only human skeletal remains are found, determining the PMI currently relies mostly on the experience of the forensic anthropologist, with few techniques available to help. Recently, several radiometric methods have been proposed to reveal PMI. For instance, (14)C and (90)Sr bomb pulse dating covers the last 60 years and give reliable PMI when teeth or bones are available. (232)Th series dating has also been proposed but requires a large amount of bones. In addition, (210)Pb dating is promising but is submitted to diagenesis and individual habits like smoking that must be handled carefully. Here we determine PMI on 29 cases of forensic interest using (90)Sr bomb pulse. In 12 cases, (210)Pb dating was added to narrow the PMI interval. In addition, anthropological investigations were carried out on 15 cases to confront anthropological expertise to the radiometric method. Results show that 10 of the 29 cases can be discarded as having no forensic interest (PMI>50 years) based only on the (90)Sr bomb pulse dating. For 10 other cases, the additional (210)Pb dating restricts the PMI uncertainty to a few years. In 15 cases, anthropological investigations corroborate the radiometric PMI. This study also shows that diagenesis and inter-individual difference in radionuclide uptake represent the main sources of uncertainty in the PMI determination using radiometric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Schrag
- Hôpital du Valais (RSV) - Institut Central, Av. du Grand-Champsec 86, 1951 Sion, Switzerland; Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Genève - 21 Rue du Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tanya Uldin
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Genève - 21 Rue du Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Patrice Mangin
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Genève - 21 Rue du Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - François Bochud
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Froidevaux
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland.
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24
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Xie J, Lu J, Zhou X, Wang X, Li M, Du L, Zhou G. The kinetic stability of colloid-associated plutonium: settling characteristics and species transformation. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:925-931. [PMID: 22349062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The colloid-associated plutonium-239, as the dominant species of Pu in natural environment, was formed through sorption of Pu onto in situ colloids. In case of chemical perturbations present in pore water, the fate and transport of Pu would be therefore impacted by changes in sorption affinity of Pu for the colloid surfaces. The present study reveals that colloidal (239)Pu exhibited the kinetic stability in two respects. First, in situ colloids isolated from the vadose zone sediments at Lop Nor, when in contact with solutions of high ion concentrations or low pH, were significantly aggregated and then exhibited fast settling. Kinetics settling characteristics were described by the parameters, including settling index and characteristic time. Second, Pu dissociation from colloid surfaces occurred immediately after the introduction of Na(+). However, the dissolved species was still unstable and had the potential for re-association with the fraction of colloids that had not settled out from the suspensions due to small size and then remained in suspension. This implies that Pu sorption sites on initial colloids were changed to the sites of suspended colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchuan Xie
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an City, Shanxi Province 710024, PR China.
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25
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Vidaud C, Bourgeois D, Meyer D. Bone as Target Organ for Metals: The Case of f-Elements. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1161-75. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300064m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Vidaud
- CEA, IBEB, LEPC, BP 17171, F-30207
Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Damien Bourgeois
- ICSM, UMR 5257/CEA/CNRS/UM2/ENSCM,
BP17171, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Daniel Meyer
- ICSM, UMR 5257/CEA/CNRS/UM2/ENSCM,
BP17171, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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26
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Schrag B, Uldin T, Mangin P, Froidevaux P. Dating human skeletal remains using a radiometric method: biogenic versus diagenetic 90Sr and 210Pb in vertebrae. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 220:271-8. [PMID: 22497702 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In forensic science, there is a strong interest in determining the post-mortem interval (PMI) of human skeletal remains up to 50 years after death. Currently, there are no reliable methods to resolve PMI, the determination of which relies almost exclusively on the experience of the investigating expert. Here we measured (90)Sr and (210)Pb ((210)Po) incorporated into bones through a biogenic process as indicators of the time elapsed since death. We hypothesised that the activity of radionuclides incorporated into trabecular bone will more accurately match the activity in the environment and the food chain at the time of death than the activity in cortical bone because of a higher remodelling rate. We found that determining (90)Sr can yield reliable PMI estimates as long as a calibration curve exists for (90)Sr covering the studied area and the last 50 years. We also found that adding the activity of (210)Po, a proxy for naturally occurring (210)Pb incorporated through ingestion, to the (90)Sr dating increases the reliability of the PMI value. Our results also show that trabecular bone is subject to both (90)Sr and (210)Po diagenesis. Accordingly, we used a solubility profile method to determine the biogenic radionuclide only, and we are proposing a new method of bone decontamination to be used prior to (90)Sr and (210)Pb dating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Schrag
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, 9 avenue de Champel, 1211 Genève, 21 Rue du Bugnon, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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27
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Froidevaux P, Steinmann P, Pourcelot L. Long-term and long-range migration of radioactive fallout in a Karst system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:8479-8484. [PMID: 20977200 DOI: 10.1021/es100954h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mountainous areas are often covered by little evolved soils from which deposited radionuclides can potentially leak into the vadose zone. In the Swiss Jura mountains, we observed unusual isotopic ratios of nuclear weapon test (NWTs) fallout with an apparent loss of NWTs plutonium relative to ¹³⁷Cs of Chernobyl origin in thinner soils. Here, we studied the karstic watershed of a vauclusian spring to determine the residence times of plutonium, ²⁴¹Am, and ⁹⁰Sr deposited by global fallout and their respective mobility in carbonaceous soils. The results show that ⁹⁰Sr is washed most efficiently from the watershed with a residence time of several hundred years. The estimated plutonium residence time is more than 10 times higher (in the range of 5000-10,000 years), and the ²⁴¹Am residence time is double that of plutonium. The spring water ²⁴¹Am/²³⁹+²⁴⁰Pu isotopic ratio is lower (0.12 - 0.28) than found in watershed soils (0.382 ± 0.077). Similar differences are found in aquatic mosses (²⁴¹Am/²³⁹+²⁴⁰Pu isotopic ratio 0.05-0.12), which are permanently submerged in spring waters. In contrast to plutonium, ⁹⁰Sr is leached from these mosses with 0.5M HCl, demonstrating that strontium is probably associated with calcium carbonate precipitations on the mosses. The higher plutonium to americium isotopic ratio found in the samples of spring water and mosses at the outlet of the karst shows that plutonium mobility is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Froidevaux
- University Institute of Radiation Physics, University of Lausanne, University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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