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Su L, Wang S, Ji R, Zhuo G, Liu C, Chen M, Li H, Zhang L. New insight into the role of FDOM in heavy metal leaching behavior from MSWI bottom ash during accelerated weathering using fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:153-162. [PMID: 35366496 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy is a powerful tool to characterize DOM that interacts with heavy metals in MSWI bottom ash (IBA). Here, two fresh IBA samples collected from large MSWI plants were subjected to 33 days of accelerated weathering. Carbon content and fluorescence characterization of DOM and leaching behavior of heavy metals (Cu, Ba, Cr, Ni, and oxyanions) were monitored during the weathering. The mineralogical and chemical properties of IBA during the weathering process were also characterized. EEM combined with parallel factor analysis showed that fluorescent DOM could be decomposed into humic-like (C1, C2) and tryptophan-like substances (C3), while the accelerated weathering process can be further divided into three phases. Fitted cubic polynomials described well the changes in the specific intensity of fluorescence components. Humification and freshness indexes and SUVA results suggested the leached DOM contained a higher proportion of condensed aromatic structures and/or conjugation of aliphatic chains post-weathering. The results also revealed that adsorption of humic-like substances onto neo-formed reactive surfaces occurred quickly in the early stage of accelerated weathering; thereafter, biodegradation of lower molecular mass-hydrophilic organic carbon fraction plays a vital role in further reduction of Cu and Cr leaching in subsequent weathering. Oxyanions (Mo and Sb) became more mobile after 3 days of accelerated weathering, but their leaching was effectively reduced after the weathering process. A novel method for an IBA weathering treatment combined with enhanced microbial degradation is proposed. These findings provide new and inspiration for improving accelerated weathering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghu Su
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Saier Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Rongting Ji
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Guihua Zhuo
- Fujian Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Fuzhou 350003, PR China
| | - Chenwei Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Mei Chen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing 210042, PR China.
| | - Haidong Li
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing 210042, PR China.
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2
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Jiang SJ, Sun J, Tong G, Ding H, Ouyang J, Zhou Q, Fu Y, Zhong ME. Emerging disposal technologies of harmful phytoextraction biomass (HPB) containing heavy metals: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133266. [PMID: 34914959 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytoextraction is an effective approach for remediation of heavy metal (HM) contaminated soil. After the enhancement of phytoextraction efficiency has been systematically investigated and illustrated, the harmless disposal and value-added use of harmful phytoextraction biomass (HPB) become the major issue to be addressed. Therefore, in recent years, a large number of studies have focused on the disposal technologies for HPB, such as composting, enzyme hydrolysis, hydrothermal conversion, phyto-mining, and pyrolysis. The present review introduces their operation process, reaction parameters, economic/ecological advantages, and especially the migration and transformation behavior of HMs/biomass. Since plenty of plants possess comparable extraction abilities for HMs but with discrepancy constitution of biomass, the phytoextraction process should be combined with the disposal of HPB after harvested in the future, and thus a grading handling strategy for HPB is also presented. Hence, this review is significative for disposing of HPB and popularizing phytoextraction technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jie Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jingchun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Gongsong Tong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hao Ding
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiewei Ouyang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yunxiang Fu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Mei-E Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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3
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Li W, Yu Q, Gu K, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang P, Zheng Z, Guo Y, Xin M, Bian R. Stability evaluation of potentially toxic elements in MSWI fly ash during carbonation in view of two leaching scenarios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150135. [PMID: 34525728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbonation treatment (CT) by alkaline fly ash (FA) affects the stability of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). This study investigated the leachability and environmental risk of six PTEs contained in FA during natural and accelerated carbonation (NC, AC) using two typical leaching scenarios with distilled water (DW) and acetic acid (AA). The leaching of Pb/Cu/Cr/Ni in solidified/stabilized FA decreased due to CT in DW leaching, but the leaching of Pb/Zn/Cu/Cd increased due to CT in AA leaching. The leaching of the six PTEs (especially Pb/Cd) in AA leaching was significantly higher than that in DW leaching. CT was a promoting factor to increase the environmental risk level of PTEs in FA leachate, especially in AA leaching with H+ input. In the early stage of NC, under DW leaching tests, the environmental risk level of PTEs in FA leachate can be weakened due to the formation of carbonate minerals in the FA matrix. However, excessive NC increases the environmental risk of leached PTEs due to the decalcification of carbonate minerals. Both NC and AC increased the potential environmental risk of PTEs contained in the carbonated FA matrix. The nucleation and dissolution of carbonate minerals were interdependent with the immobilization and leaching of PTEs, which played a dominant role in the CT and leaching tests respectively. They jointly affected the occurrence behavior of PTEs in the FA matrix in CT tests and the leachability of PTEs in leaching tests. This study demonstrates that it is more scientific to evaluate the leachability of PTEs in carbonated FA according to the actual disposal scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Qianwen Yu
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Kai Gu
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Zhibo Zheng
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- College of Architectural Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Mingxue Xin
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Rongxing Bian
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
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4
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Zhu J, Wei Z, Luo Z, Yu L, Yin K. Phase changes during various treatment processes for incineration bottom ash from municipal solid wastes: A review in the application-environment nexus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117618. [PMID: 34182388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Incineration technology has been widely employed, as an effective method to decrease the volume of waste disposal. In this review, relationships between municipal solid waste (MSW) inputs and residues after combustion-specifically, the incineration bottom ashes (IBA) of MSW, were discussed, with an emphasis on the geoenvironmental impacts of IBA associated with the complex crystal and amorphous phase reactions and changes during combustion and from their downstream treatments, whereas, their influences on IBA leaching behaviors are considered as another focus. This review summarizes the IBA leaching behaviors based on literature, showing the leaching variabilities induced by natural weathering and artificial intervention conditions, such as accelerated carbonation, washing treatment, stabilization/solidification, and thermal treatments, all of which can be attributed to changes of mineral phases and microstructure. It helps to understand IBA characteristics and transitions in application-environment nexus, and better reuse it for multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
| | - Zhou Wei
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
| | - Zhenyi Luo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China
| | - Ke Yin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, China.
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5
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Linh HN, Tamura H, Komiya T, Saffarzadeh A, Shimaoka T. Simulating the impact of heavy rain on leaching behavior of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI BA) in semi-aerobic landfill. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 113:280-293. [PMID: 32559698 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Japan, approximately 64% of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI BA) is landfilled. Because landfills in Japan are operated without capping, the landfill body is directly exposed to climatic events. Increased frequency of heavy rain is predicted to affect the chemical stabilization of bottom ash (BA) landfill, as rainwater seeps into and interacts with landfill components. This study examined the effect of normal rainfall (15 mm/h) and heavy rainfall (25, 50, and 100 mm/h) events on the leaching behavior of ions (Cl-, Na+, K+, and Ca2+) and total organic carbon (TOC) in BA (<10 mm particle size) using a percolation column test. The results showed the decreased leaching of leachate components after heavy rainfall and increased leaching after normal rainfall. In addition, the pH fluctuated around 11-12 after heavy rainfall but decreased to 7-9 after normal rainfall. The carbonation of the leachate and BA layers appears to be the main factor in lowering the pH value. Changes in the TOC and ion concentrations can be explained by dissolution, dilution, and the contact time of water molecules and BA particles. The data showed that the cumulative TOC and ion release rates were not affected by heavy rain intensities. The release rate of leachate components during normal rainfall was higher than that in heavy rainfall in all the scenarios. Significant correlations were found between the leachate components (TOC, Cl-, Na+, K+, and Ca2+ concentrations) and rainfall variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Nhut Linh
- Faculty of Environment, VNUHCM - University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Tamura
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Teppei Komiya
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Amirhomayoun Saffarzadeh
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shimaoka
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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6
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Alam Q, Schollbach K, Rijnders M, van Hoek C, van der Laan S, Brouwers HJH. The immobilization of potentially toxic elements due to incineration and weathering of bottom ash fines. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120798. [PMID: 31255851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Incineration bottom ash fines (≤ 125 μm) are known to contain potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and inorganic salts. The most abundant PTEs in the fines were Zn (0.5%), Cu (0.25%), Pb (0.12%), Mn (0.08%) and Cr (0.03%). The systematic quantification of the mineral phases and PTEs associated with them was performed with a multimethod approach using quantitative XRD, phase mapping with PhAse Recognition and Characterization (PARC) software and microprobe analysis. The mineral phases in the fines can be categorized as follows: 1) residual phases (e.g., quartz), 2) incineration phases (e.g., melilitic slag and iron oxides) and 3) quenching/weathering phases (e.g., calcite, ettringite, gypsum, hydrous Fe- and Al-oxides). Among the incineration phases, the melilitic slag was observed to contain Cr, Cu and Zn with 0.02%, 0.13% and 0.19%, respectively. In order of predominance, the weathering phases containing the most PTEs were: calcite < ettringite < hydrous Al-oxides < hydrous Fe-oxides. More than 70% of the phases in the BA fines were formed during incineration and weathering processes that explain the enrichment of PTEs in the smaller particles. During the one-batch leaching test, dissolution of weathering phases, especially ettringite, was observed (total mass loss: 7.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qadeer Alam
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Katrin Schollbach
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Tata Steel, R&D, Microstructure & Surface Characterization (MSC), P. O. Box 10.000, 1970 CA, Ijmuiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Rijnders
- Tata Steel, R&D, Microstructure & Surface Characterization (MSC), P. O. Box 10.000, 1970 CA, Ijmuiden, the Netherlands
| | - Corrie van Hoek
- Tata Steel, R&D, Microstructure & Surface Characterization (MSC), P. O. Box 10.000, 1970 CA, Ijmuiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sieger van der Laan
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Tata Steel, R&D, Microstructure & Surface Characterization (MSC), P. O. Box 10.000, 1970 CA, Ijmuiden, the Netherlands
| | - H J H Brouwers
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Luo H, Cheng Y, He D, Yang EH. Review of leaching behavior of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:90-103. [PMID: 30852230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Incineration is widely adopted in modern waste management because it provides an effective way to minimize municipal solid waste that needs to be disposed of in landfills. The ash residue is often disposed by landfilling. Alternatively, the incineration ash may be recycled and reused for various applications. The crucial issues, however, are the leaching of harmful elements during the use and the end-of-life phases. This review summarizes extensive studies on leaching behavior of municipal solid waste incineration ash. Specifically, pollutants generated through leaching, factors governing leaching, methodologies to study leaching, leaching mechanisms, and treatments to reduce leaching. Many types of pollutants are generated through leaching from municipal solid waste incineration ash, in which heavy metals and organic contaminants are the most toxic and concerned. Ash properties, pH and liquid to solid ratio are the main factors governing municipal solid waste incineration ash leaching. Leaching behavior of municipal solid waste incineration ash is complicated and existing methods to evaluate leaching may not be able to represent the field conditions. Solubility and sorption are the two major leaching mechanisms. Many treatment methods have been proposed. However, not all methods are effective and some approaches are associated with high energy and high cost, which makes them less economically feasible and attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Luo
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Ying Cheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dongqin He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - En-Hua Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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8
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Kong Q, Yao J, Yang Q, Shen D, Long Y. Weathering treatment coupled with nano-silica filling to promote the engineering property of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash. RSC Adv 2018; 8:38701-38705. [PMID: 35559099 PMCID: PMC9090629 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08132h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A new approach including weathering treatment and nano-silica filling was employed to promote the engineering properties of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to characterize the mineralogical and morphological changes due to the treatment. Changes of chemical stability, compressive strength and heavy metal leaching of MSWI bottom ash were also explored. After the weathering treatment, the content of organic matter decreased from 2.70% to 1.07%, while the carbonates increased from 0.70% to 2.05%. The nano-silica treatment filled the intrinsic and neo-formed micropores and coated the surface of MSWI bottom ash. Due to this process, the chemical stability was promoted. The compressive strength increased from 4.83 to 5.32 MPa. The leaching of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd sharply decreased from 250.05 to 89.97 mg L−1, 1080.45 to 173.14 mg L−1, 1.25 to 0.70 mg L−1, 72.58 to 12.96 mg L−1 and 0.94 to 0.30 mg L−1, respectively. The results suggested that the weathering treatment coupled with nano-silica filling could greatly promote the engineering properties of MSWI bottom ash, which is beneficial with respect to the reuse of MSWI bottom ash as the building material. A new approach including weathering treatment and nano-silica filling was employed to promote the engineering properties of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingna Kong
- College of Life Science
- Taizhou University
- Linhai 317000
- China
| | - Jun Yao
- College of Life Science
- Taizhou University
- Linhai 317000
- China
| | - Qian Yang
- Taizhou Environmental Protection Bureau
- Taizhou 318000
- China
| | - Dongshen Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
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9
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Yao J, Chen L, Zhu H, Shen D, Qiu Z. Migration of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia through the municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash layer in the simulated landfill. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:10401-10409. [PMID: 28281059 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Simulated landfill was operated for 508 days to investigate the effect of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash layer on the migration of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia when it was used as the intermediate layer in the landfill. The result suggested that the MSWI bottom ash layer could capture the nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia from the leachate. The adsorption of the nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia on the MSWI bottom ash layer was saturated at the days 396, 34, and 97, respectively. Afterwards, the nitrogen species were desorbed from the MSWI bottom ash layer. Finally, the adsorption and desorption could reach the equilibrium. The amounts of adsorbed nitrate and nitrite on the MSWI bottom ash layer were 1685.09 and 7.48 mg, respectively, and the amount of the adsorbed and transformed ammonia was 13,773.19 mg, which was much higher than the desorbed. The water leaching test and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) results showed that the leachable nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia in the MSWI bottom ash were greatly increased after the landfill operation, suggesting that the adsorbed nitrogen could be finally leached out. Besides, the results also showed that MSWI bottom ash layer could affect the release of nitrate and ammonia at the initial stage of the landfill. However, it had little effect on the release of nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Center of Marine and Ecological Environment Protection, Taizhou University, Linhai, 317000, China
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Luxi Chen
- Center of Marine and Ecological Environment Protection, Taizhou University, Linhai, 317000, China
| | - Huayue Zhu
- Center of Marine and Ecological Environment Protection, Taizhou University, Linhai, 317000, China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhanhong Qiu
- Center of Marine and Ecological Environment Protection, Taizhou University, Linhai, 317000, China.
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Wang L, Chen Q, Jamro IA, Li R, Li Y, Li S, Luan J. Geochemical modeling and assessment of leaching from carbonated municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:12107-12119. [PMID: 26965281 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ashes are characterized by high calcium oxide (CaO) content. Carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption by MSWI fly ash was discussed based on thermogravimetry (TG)/differential thermal analysis (DTA), minerology analysis, and adapting the Stenoir equation. TG/DTA analysis showed that the weight gain of the fly ash below 440 °C was as high as 5.70 %. An adapted Stenoir equation for MSWI fly ash was discussed. The chloride in MSWI fly ash has a major impact on CO2 adsorption by MSWI fly ash or air pollution control (APC) residues. Geochemical modeling of the critical trace elements copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and antimony (Sb) before and after carbonation was performed using a thermodynamic equilibrium model for solubility and a surface complexation model for metal sorption. Leaching of critical trace elements was generally found to be strongly dependent on the degree of carbonation attained, and their solubility appeared to be controlled by several minerals. Adsorption on ferrum (Fe) and aluminum (Al) colloids was also responsible for removal of the trace elements Cd, Pb, and Sb. We used Hakanson's potential ecological risk index (HPERI) to evaluate the risk of trace element leaching in general. The results demonstrate that the ecological risk showed a V-shaped dependency on pH; the optimum pH of the carbonated fly ash was found to be 10.3-11, resulting from the optimum carbonation (liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio = 0.25, carbonation duration = ∼30-48 h). The dataset and modeling results presented here provide a contribution to assessing the leaching behavior of MSWI fly ash under a wide range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Energy & Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
- Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Energy & Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Imtiaz Ali Jamro
- College of Energy & Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Rundong Li
- College of Energy & Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Yanlong Li
- College of Energy & Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Shaobai Li
- College of Energy & Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Jingde Luan
- College of Energy & Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, 110036, China
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11
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Del Valle-Zermeño R, Chimenos JM, Giró-Paloma J, Formosa J. Use of weathered and fresh bottom ash mix layers as a subbase in road constructions: environmental behavior enhancement by means of a retaining barrier. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:402-409. [PMID: 25180484 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of neoformed cement-like phases during the weathering of non-stabilized freshly quenched bottom ash favors the development of a bound pavement material with improved mechanical properties. Use of weathered and freshly quenched bottom ash mix layers placed one over the other allowed the retention of leached heavy metals and metalloids by means of a reactive percolation barrier. The addition of 50% of weathered bottom ash to the total subbase content diminished the release of toxic species to below environmental regulatory limits. The mechanisms of retention and the different processes and factors responsible of leaching strongly depended on the contaminant under concern as well as on the chemical and physical factors. Thus, the immediate reuse of freshly quenched bottom ash as a subbase material in road constructions is possible, as both the mechanical properties and long-term leachability are enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Del Valle-Zermeño
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Chimenos
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Giró-Paloma
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Formosa
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franqués, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departament Construccions Arquitectòniques II, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Dr. Marañón 44, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Impact of MSWI bottom ash codisposed with MSW on landfill stabilization with different operational modes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:167197. [PMID: 24779006 PMCID: PMC3980989 DOI: 10.1155/2014/167197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash (BA) codisposed with municipal solid waste (MSW) on landfill stabilization according to the leachate quality in terms of organic matter and nitrogen contents. Six simulated landfills, that is, three conventional and three recirculated, were employed with different ratios of MSWI BA to MSW. The results depicted that, after 275-day operation, the ratio of MSWI BA to fresh refuse of 1 : 10 (V : V) in the landfill was still not enough to provide sufficient acid-neutralizing capacity for a high organic matter composition of MSW over 45.5% (w/w), while the ratio of MSWI BA to fresh refuse of 1 : 5 (V : V) could act on it. Among the six experimental landfills, leachate quality only was improved in the landfill operated with the BA addition (the ratio of MSWI BA to fresh refuse of 1 : 5 (V : V)) and leachate recirculation.
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Lin YM, Zhou SQ, Lee WJ, Wang LC, Chang-Chien GP, Lin WC. Size distribution and leaching characteristics of poly brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the bottom ashes of municipal solid waste incinerators. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:4614-4623. [PMID: 24338181 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The particle size distributions and leaching characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the bottom ashes of two Taiwanese municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs A and B) were investigated to evaluate PBDE leaching into the environment through reutilization of bottom ashes. The PBDE contents in the bottom ashes of the MSWIs (29.0-243 ng/g) could be two orders higher than those in rural and urban soils. The PBDE fraction of the bottom ashes was more distributed in larger particles (> 0.25 mm). Similar trends were found for the PBDE contents in the bottom ashes and their PBDE leaching concentrations, revealing that the elevated PBDE contents in the bottom ashes may lead to a higher PBDE leaching mass. The leaching of PBDEs is attributed to diffusion driven by the concentration gradient and effective surface area. The normalized leaching ratios (NLRs) of PBDEs for the bottom ashes of the MSWIs are about four orders greater than those of PBDE-related raw materials and products, and this may be due to their porous structures having much greater effective surface area. The elevated NLRs of PBDEs thus deserve more attention when bottom ashes are recycled and reutilized as construction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-ming Lin
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
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Zhen G, Lu X, Zhao Y, Niu J, Chai X, Su L, Li YY, Liu Y, Du J, Hojo T, Hu Y. Characterization of controlled low-strength material obtained from dewatered sludge and refuse incineration bottom ash: mechanical and microstructural perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 129:183-189. [PMID: 23933484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Potential reuse of dewatered sludge (DS) and municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash as components to develop controlled low-strength material (CLSM) was explored. The effects of DS:MSWI bottom ash:calcium sulfoaluminate (CS¯A) cement ratio and thermal treatment of MSWI bottom ash at 900 °C on the mechanical and microstructural properties of CLSM were intensively studied to optimize the process. Results showed DS and MSWI bottom ash could be utilized for making CLSM. The CLSM prepared with milled MSWI bottom ash gave higher unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 2.0-6.2 MPa following 1 year of curing at 1.0:0.1:0.9 ≤ DS:MSWI bottom ash:CS¯A ≤ 1.0:0.8:0.2. However, the corresponding strengths for CLSM containing thermally treated MSWI bottom ash ranged from 0.7 to 4.6 MPa, decreasing 26-65%. The microstructural analysis by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed that ettringite (C3A·3CS¯·H32, or AFt) crystals were the most important strength-producing constituents which grew into and filled the CLSM matrix pores. Milled MSWI bottom ash addition favored the formation of highly crystalline AFt phases and accordingly enhanced compressive strengths of CLSM specimens. In contrast, thermal treatment at 900 °C produced new phases such as gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and hydroxylapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)), which deteriorated the pozzolanic activity of bottom ash and caused the strengths to decrease. Leaching tests evidenced that leachable substances from CLSM samples exhibited negligible health and environmental risks. The results of this study suggested that MSWI bottom ash can be effectively recycled together with DS in developing CLSM mixtures with restricted use of CS¯A cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyin Zhen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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15
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Yao J, Kong Q, Zhu H, Long Y, Shen D. Content and fractionation of Cu, Zn and Cd in size fractionated municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 94:131-137. [PMID: 23731863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash was size fractionated into six fractions, with the respective particle size of <0.45 mm, 0.45-1 mm, 1-2 mm, 2-4 mm, 4-8 mm and >8 mm. The contents and fractionation of Cu, Zn, Cd in the size fractionated MSWI bottom ash were investigated. The results showed the contents and fractionation of Cu, Zn and Cd varied among the different particle sizes, which were related to their thermodynamic characteristics. High content of Cu was found in the bottom ash with the particle size of <0.45 mm and >4 mm, due to its lithophilic property and the function of entrainment. The content of Zn showed a relatively even distribution among the various particles. The content of Cd showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the particle size, due to its high volatility. Besides, the carbonate bound fraction of Cd showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the particle size, while the carbonate bound fraction of Cu showed an increasing trend. The organic matter bound fraction of Cu increased when the particle size increased. The results also showed the fine ash contained a higher level of unstable Cd than the large ash, while the large ash had a higher level of unstable Cu comparatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Linhai 317000, China
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Su L, Guo G, Shi X, Zuo M, Niu D, Zhao A, Zhao Y. Copper leaching of MSWI bottom ash co-disposed with refuse: effect of short-term accelerated weathering. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 33:1411-1417. [PMID: 23490365 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Co-disposal of refuse with municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash (IBA) either multi-layered as landfill cover or mixed with refuse could pose additional risk to the environment because of enhanced leaching of heavy metals, especially Cu. This study applied short-term accelerated weathering to IBA, and monitored the mineralogical and chemical properties of IBA during the weathering process. Cu extractability of the weathered IBA was then evaluated using standard leaching protocols (i.e. SPLP and TCLP) and co-disposal leaching procedure. The results showed that weathering had little or no beneficial effect on Cu leaching in SPLP and TCLP, which can be explained by the adsorption and complexation of Cu with DOM. However, the Cu leaching of weathered IBA was reduced significantly when situated in fresh simulated landfill leachate. This was attributed to weakening Cu complexation with fulvic acid or hydrophilic fractions and/or intensifying Cu absorption to neoformed hydr(oxide) minerals in weathered IBA. The amount of total leaching Cu and Cu in free or labile complex fraction (the fraction with the highest mobility and bio-toxicity) of the 408-h weathered IBA were remarkably decreased by 86.3% and 97.6% in the 15-day co-disposal leaching test. Accelerated weathering of IBA may be an effective pretreatment method to decrease Cu leaching prior to its co-disposal with refuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghu Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China
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Gori M, Bergfeldt B, Reichelt J, Sirini P. Effect of natural ageing on volume stability of MSW and wood waste incineration residues. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 33:850-857. [PMID: 23298639 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study on the effect of natural weathering on volume stability of bottom ash (BA) from municipal solid waste (MSW) and wood waste incineration. BA samples were taken at different steps of treatment (fresh, 4 weeks and 12 weeks aged) and then characterised for their chemical and mineralogical composition and for volume stability by means of the mineralogical test method (M HMVA-StB), which is part of the German quality control system for using aggregates in road construction (TL Gestein-StB 04). Changes of mineralogical composition with the proceeding of the weathering treatment were also monitored by leaching tests. At the end of the 12 weeks of treatment, almost all the considered samples resulted to be usable without restrictions in road construction with reference to the test parameter volume stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gori
- DICEA, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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