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Reymond N, Estoppey N, Weyermann C, Glanzmann V. Breaking barriers in passive sampling: The potential of PTFE membranes in the monitoring of hydrophilic micropollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134853. [PMID: 38878431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Passive samplers are key tools to sample hydrophilic micropollutants in water. Two main approaches address the influence of hydrodynamics: (1) determining site-specific sampling rate (RS) by characterizing kw, the mass transfer coefficient of the water-boundary layer (WBL), and (2) reducing WBL impact using a diffusive material to control the uptake. The first requires calibration data and the second has only been achieved using fragile diffusive material. This study assesses the transfer of hydrophilic contaminants through polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE; 30 µm thick), a new membrane material with lower sorption than commonly used polyethersulfone (PES). Combined for the first time in a Chemcatcher-like configuration, we calibrated the modified samplers for 44 micropollutants to provide RS - kw relationships for in-situ RS determination (approach 1). Micropollutants accumulated over 2000 times more on the sorbent than on PTFE. PTFE-based RS (0.027 to 0.300 L day-1) were 2.5 higher than previously reported with PES. Membrane property measurements (porosity, tortuosity) indicated that accumulation is primarily controlled by the membrane. Extrapolation indicated that using thicker PTFE membranes (≥ 100 µm) would shift uptake control entirely to the membrane in river conditions (approach 2). This finding could enable RS prediction based on contaminants properties, thus representing a significant advancement in passive sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Reymond
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Estoppey
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, Oslo N-0806, Norway.
| | - Céline Weyermann
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Vick Glanzmann
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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2
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Jamal E, Reichelt-Brushett A, Gillmore M, Pearson B, Benkendorff K. Pesticide occurrence in a subtropical estuary, Australia: Complementary sampling methods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123084. [PMID: 38065335 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring pesticide run-off in the aquatic environment is ecologically important. Effective methods are required to detect the wide range of possible pesticides that enter estuaries from the surrounding catchment. Here, we investigate the occurrence of pesticides in the Richmond River estuary, Australia, and compare the effectiveness of using oysters and Chemcatcher® passive sampling devices against composite water samples. Samples were collected from six sites during two sampling periods: from January to March 2020 (4 weekly composite water samples and oyster collections) and from February to March 2021 (8 twice weekly composite water samples and Chemcatcher® deployment). Samples were analysed for up to 174 pesticides. A total of 21 pesticides were detected across all sites using all methods. The number of pesticides and mixture of pesticides detected in the 2020 sampling was higher in oyster samples than in water samples. In 2021, Chemcatcher® samplers detected more pesticides than in water samples. Herbicides were the most common in all samples. Insecticides and most fungicides were detected only in oysters and Chemcatcher®. Overall, the use of three complementary sampling approaches demonstrated a high level of pesticide input into the Richmond River estuary, highlighting the usefulness of oysters as biomonitors for some pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endang Jamal
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Australia; Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Pattimura University, Indonesia
| | | | - Megan Gillmore
- Department of Planning and Environment, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brendan Pearson
- Department of Planning and Environment, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Australia; National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Australia
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3
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Skerratt J, Baird ME, Mongin M, Ellis R, Smith RA, Shaw M, Steven ADL. Dispersal of the pesticide diuron in the Great Barrier Reef. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163041. [PMID: 36965738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides from urban and agricultural runoff have been detected at concentrations above current water quality guidelines in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) marine environment. We quantify the load of the pesticide diuron entering GBR waters using the GBR-Dynamic SedNet catchment model. After comparison of simulated distributions with observations at 11 monitoring sites we determined a half-life of diuron in GBR marine waters of 40 days. We followed diuron dispersal in the GBR (2016-2018) using the 1 km resolution eReefs marine model. The highest diuron concentrations in GBR waters occurred in the Mackay-Whitsunday region with a spike in January and March 2017, associated with 126 and 118 kg d-1 diuron loads from Plane Creek and the O'Connell River respectively. We quantify areas of GBR waters exposed to potentially ecotoxic concentrations of diuron. Between 2016 and 2018, 400 km2 and 1400 km2 of the GBR were exposed to concentrations exceeding ecosystem threshold values of 0.43 and 0.075 μg L-1 respectively. Using observed mapped coral and seagrass habitat, 175 km2 of seagrass beds and 50 km2 of coral habitats had peak diuron concentrations above 0.075 μg L-1 during this period. While the highest concentrations are localised to river plumes and inshore environments, non-zero diuron concentrations extend along the Queensland coast. These simulations provide new knowledge for the understanding of pesticide dispersal and management-use in GBR catchments and the design of in-water monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robin Ellis
- Science Division, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rachael A Smith
- Office of the Great Barrier Reef, Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Melanie Shaw
- Science Division, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Brisbane, Australia
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Römerscheid M, Paschke A, Schneider S, Blaha M, Harzdorf J, Schüürmann G. Calibration of the Chemcatcher® passive sampler and derivation of generic sampling rates for a broad application in monitoring of surface waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161936. [PMID: 36746283 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We determined sampling rates for 34 pesticides, five pesticide transformation products, and 34 pharmaceutical compounds with the Chemcatcher (CC) passive sampler in a laboratory-based continuous-flow system at 40 cm/s and ambient temperature. Three different sampling phases were used: styrene divinylbenzene disks (SDB-XC), styrene divinylbenzene reversed phase sulfonate disks (SDB-RPS), and hydrophilic lipophilic balance disks (HLB), in all cases covered with a diffusion-limiting polyethersulfone membrane. The measured sampling rates range from 0.007 L/d to 0.193 L/d for CC with SDB-XC (CC-XC), from 0.055 L/d to 0.796 L/d for CC with SDB-RPS (CC-RPS), and from 0.018 L/d to 0.073 L/d for CC equipped with HLB (CC-HLB). Comparison with sampling rates from literature enabled to derive generic sampling rates that can be used for compounds with unknown uptake kinetics such as transformations products and new compounds of interest. Field trial results demonstrate that the presently derived generic sampling rates are suitable for estimating time-weighted average concentrations within reasonable uncertainty limits. In this way, Chemcatcher passive sampling can be applied approximately to a broad range of solutes without the need for deriving compound-specific sampling rates, which enable compliance checks against environmental quality standards and further risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Römerscheid
- UFZ Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Albrecht Paschke
- UFZ Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Selma Schneider
- UFZ Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Blaha
- UFZ Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Harzdorf
- UFZ Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerrit Schüürmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
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Glanzmann V, Reymond N, Weyermann C, Estoppey N. An improved Chemcatcher-based method for the integrative passive sampling of 44 hydrophilic micropollutants in surface water - Part A: Calibration under four controlled hydrodynamic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162037. [PMID: 36740052 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
When monitoring water quality with hydrophilic integrative passive sampling devices, it is crucial to use accurate sampling rates (RS) that account for exposure conditions such as hydrodynamics. This study aims at calibrating Chemcatcher-like passive samplers - styrene-divinylbenzene reverse phase sulfonate (SDB-RPS) extraction disk covered by a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane - at four water flow velocities (5 to 40 cm s-1) in a channel system. First, the four hydrodynamic conditions were characterized by measuring the mass transfer coefficients of the water boundary layer (kw) at the surface of the samplers using the alabaster dissolution method. Then, fifty-six samplers were deployed in the channels and exposed for 7 different intervals varying from 1 to 21 days. Thus, RS were determined at four different kw for 44 hydrophilic compounds, ranging from 0.015 to 0.115 L day-1. Relationships were established between kw and RS using models for mixed rate control by the membrane and the water boundary layer. The estimated parameters of those relationships are suitable for the determination of accurate RS when kw is measured in situ, for example by co-deploying silicone disks spiked with performance and reference compounds (PRC) as implemented in Part B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vick Glanzmann
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Naomi Reymond
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Weyermann
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Estoppey
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930 Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
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Reymond N, Glanzmann V, Huisman S, Plagellat C, Weyermann C, Estoppey N. An improved Chemcatcher-based method for the integrative passive sampling of 44 hydrophilic micropollutants in surface water - Part B: Field implementation and comparison with automated active sampling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161937. [PMID: 36736390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Integrative passive sampling is particularly useful in the monitoring of hydrophilic contaminants in surface water, but the impact of hydrodynamics on contaminant uptake still needs to be better considered. In part A (Glanzmann et al., 2023), Chemcatcher-like hydrophilic samplers (i.e., SDB-RPS extraction disks covered by PES microporous membranes) were calibrated to determine the sampling rates RS of 44 hydrophilic contaminants (pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial products) taking into account the hydrodynamic conditions. In this study, Chemcatcher-like passive sampling devices that allowed co-deploying hydrophilic samplers and performance reference compounds (PRC)-spiked silicone disks were tested in a Swiss river with intermediate water velocities (5-50 cm s-1, 23 cm s-1 on average) during 11 consecutive 14-day periods. The PRC dissipation from silicone disks - combined with the calibration data from part A - allowed to determine in-situ RS that took into account hydrodynamic conditions. The obtained aqueous time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations were found to be robust with good concordance between duplicates (mean quotient of 1.16 between the duplicates). For most measurements (76 %), TWA concentrations showed no major difference (<factor 2) from concentrations obtained with automated sampling (14-day composite samples). This observation was also valid for TWA concentrations calculated with extrapolated RS at infinite water velocity (RS,MAX), revealing that the added value of using in-situ RS compared to RS,MAX is limited above intermediate water velocities (>20 cm s-1). RS from the literature (RS,LIT) - obtained at water velocities between 8 and 37 cm s-1 - were also shown to provide comparable TWA concentrations in the studied hydrodynamic conditions (average water velocity of 24 cm s-1). The estimated errors due to the use of RS,MAX or RS,LIT rather than in-situ RS are given as a function of the water velocity to determine in which conditions the developed method is required (or not) in monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Reymond
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Vick Glanzmann
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sofie Huisman
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Plagellat
- Chimie des Eaux, Direction Générale de l'Environnement, 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Weyermann
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Estoppey
- School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, Batochime building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
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7
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Fialová P, Grabic R, Grabicová K, Nováková P, Švecová H, Kaserzon S, Thompson K, Vrana B. Performance evaluation of a diffusive hydrogel-based passive sampler for monitoring of polar organic compounds in wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161071. [PMID: 36565860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An upscaled passive sampler variant (diffusive hydrogel-based passive sampler; HPS) based on diffusive gradients in thin films for polar organic compounds (o-DGT) with seven times higher surface area (22.7 cm2) than a typical o-DGT sampler (3.14 cm2) was tested in several field studies. HPS performance was tested in situ within a calibration study in the treated effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant and in a verification study in the raw municipal wastewater influent. HPS sampled integratively for up to 14 days in the effluent, and 8 days in the influent. Sampling rates (Rs) were derived for 44 pharmaceuticals and personal care products, 3 perfluoroalkyl substances, 2 anticorrosives, and 21 pesticides and metabolites, ranging from 6 to 132 mL d-1. Robustness and repeatability of HPS deteriorated after exposures longer than 14 days due to microbial and physical damage of the diffusive agarose layer. In situ Rs values for the HPS can be applied to estimate the aqueous concentration of the calibrated polar organic compounds in wastewater within an uncertainty factor of four. When accepting this level of accuracy, the HPS can be applied for monitoring trends of organic micropollutants in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Fialová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Nováková
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Švecová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Sarit Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Kristie Thompson
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Branislav Vrana
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Valenzuela EF, de Paula FF, Teixeira APC, Menezes HC, Cardeal ZL. Assessment of pesticides in water using time-weighted average calibration of passive sampling device manufactured with carbon nanomaterial coating on stainless steel wire. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3315-3327. [PMID: 33733701 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The continued contamination of water sources by pesticides is a problem that involves the life of aquatic organisms and human health, especially in countries whose economy is based on agriculture. The need to know the quality of drinking water under these circumstances is a priority for the public health of any community. Passive sampling methods allow the determination of long-term environmental pollutants through a single sample collection, reducing time and cost of analyses. One advantage of passive sampling is that it is possible to calculate a time-weighted average (TWA) concentration value or an equilibrium concentration value, depending on the type of device used and the exposure time. Passive sampling techniques using carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have a high potential for pesticide sampling in aquatic systems. A device for passive sampling manufactured with CNMs in a microextraction system and recyclable materials was calibrated in laboratory exposure conditions over 15 days. The calibration results showed linear accumulation periods between 5 and 10 days. Sampling rates were between 0.014 and 0.146 mL day-1. The sampler was field-tested in the San Francisco river basin in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil for 7 days. This research allowed for the detection and calculation of TWA concentrations for organochlorine pesticides such as α-HCH, 4,4-DDE, and 4,4-DD in water sources. The manufactured device demonstrated greater sensitivity than the grab sampling processes for the detection of pesticides. The performed passive sampling system using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique allowed for the collection, detection, identification, and quantification of 26 pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard F Valenzuela
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Fabiano F de Paula
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula C Teixeira
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Helvécio C Menezes
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L Cardeal
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil.
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Rauert C, Kaserzon SL, Veal C, Yeh RY, Mueller JF, Thomas KV. The first environmental assessment of hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine and co-occurring cyclic amines in Australian waterways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140834. [PMID: 32679507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine (HMMM) is commonly used as a cross-linking agent in coatings and as a vulcaniser in tyre production to increase the durability of tyres. Early reports of elevated aquatic concentrations of HMMM and a range of co-occurring cyclic amines have been linked to toxicity and mortality events of aquatic organisms. There are currently only few studies reporting environmental concentrations of HMMM and the co-occurring cyclic amines, and this study reports the first environmental assessment in Australian surface waters. Archive passive water samples from 40 rivers, creeks and lakes in South East Queensland, Australia, and covering five years of biannual sampling, were analysed to determine spatial and temporal trends. Concentrations of HMMM and cyclic amines in Australian surface waters (<5-46 and <MDL-280 ng/L respectively) were towards the low end of concentrations reported in surface water in North America/Europe. While previous studies have indicated that HMMM can be used as an indicator chemical of tyre wear particle inputs from stormwater runoff to a water system, the variable spatial and temporal trends at these sites indicates there are a range of different sources, and more research is needed into these chemicals to understand their occurrence in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Rauert
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102 Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Sarit L Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cameron Veal
- Seqwater, 117 Brisbane Street, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
| | - Ruby Y Yeh
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102 Brisbane, Australia
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10
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Study of passive sampler calibration (Chemcatcher®) for environmental monitoring of organotin compounds: Matrix effect, concentration levels and laboratory vs in situ calibration. Talanta 2020; 219:121316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Sampling Rate of Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS): Influence Factors and Calibration Methods. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10165548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As a passive sampling device, the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) has the characteristics of simple operation, safety, and reliability for assessing the occurrence and risk of persistent and emerging trace organic pollutants. The POCIS, allowing for the determination of time-weighted average (TWA) concentration of polar organic chemicals, exhibits good application prospects in aquatic environments. Before deploying the device in water, the sampling rate (Rs), which is a key parameter for characterizing pollutant enrichment, should be determined and calibrated accurately. However, the Rs values strongly depend on experimental hydrodynamic conditions. This paper provides an overview of the current situation of the POCIS for environmental monitoring of organic pollutants in an aquatic system. The principle and theory of the POCIS are outlined. In particular, the effect factors such as the ambient conditions, pollutant properties, and device features on the Rs are analyzed in detail from aspects of impact dependence and mechanisms. The calibration methods of the Rs under laboratory and in situ conditions are summarized. This review offers supplementary information on comprehensive understanding of mechanism and application of the POCIS. Nevertheless, the Rs were impacted by a combined effect of solute–sorbent–membrane–solution, and the influence extent of each variable was still unclear. On this basis, the ongoing challenges are proposed for the future application of the POCIS in the actual environment, for instance, the need for this device to be improved in terms of quantitative methods for more accurate measurement of the Rs.
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12
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Pinasseau L, Wiest L, Volatier L, Fones GR, Mills GA, Mermillod-Blondin F, Vulliet E. Calibration and field application of an innovative passive sampler for monitoring groundwater quality. Talanta 2020; 208:120307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Gallen C, Heffernan AL, Kaserzon S, Dogruer G, Samanipour S, Gomez-Ramos MJ, Mueller JF. Integrated chemical exposure assessment of coastal green turtle foraging grounds on the Great Barrier Reef. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:401-409. [PMID: 30550904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Great Barrier Reef receives run-off from 424,000 km2 catchment area across coastal Queensland, incorporating diffuse agricultural run-off, and run-off point sources of land-based chemical pollutants from urban and industrial development. Marine biota, such as green turtles (Chelonia mydas), are exposed to these diverse chemical mixtures in their natural environments, and the long term effects on turtle and ecosystem health remain unknown. This study was part of a larger multi-disciplinary project characterising anthropogenic chemical exposures from the marine environment and turtle health. The aim of this study was to screen for a wide range of anthropogenic chemical pollutants present in the external and internal environment of green turtles, using a combination of traditional targeted chemical analyses, non-target suspect screening, and effect-based bioassay methods, while employing a case-control study design. A combination of passive (water) and grab (water, sediment) samples were investigated. Three known green turtle foraging sites were selected for sampling: two coastal 'case' sites influenced primarily by urban/industrial and agricultural activities, respectively; and a remote, offshore 'control' site. Water and sediment samples from each of the three sampling locations showed differences in chemical pollutant profiles that reflected the dominant land uses in the adjacent catchment. Targeted mass spectrometric analysis for a range of pesticides, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals and personal care products found the greatest detection frequency and highest concentrations in coastal samples, compared to the control. Non-target screening analysis of water showed clear differentiation in chemical profile of the urban/industrial site. In-vitro assays of sediment samples from the control site had lowest induction, compared to coastal locations, as expected. Here we present evidence that turtles foraging in coastal areas are exposed to a range of anthropogenic pollutants derived from the adjacent coastal catchment areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gallen
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia.
| | - A L Heffernan
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - S Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - G Dogruer
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - S Samanipour
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - M J Gomez-Ramos
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - J F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
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14
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Cao F, Wang L, Ren X, Wu F, Sun H, Lu S. The application of molecularly imprinted polymers in passive sampling for selective sampling perfluorooctanesulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in water environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33309-33321. [PMID: 30259320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Modeling and predicting of a novel polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) for sampling of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as receiving phase are presented in this study. Laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted to investigate the uptake kinetics, effects of flow velocity, pH, and dissolved organic matter (DOM), and also the selectivity of the POCIS. In this study, uptake study of PFOA and PFOS sampling on MIP-POCIS, over 14 days, was investigated. Laboratory calibrations of MIP-POCIS yielded sampling rate (Rs) values for PFOA and PFOS were 0.387 and 0.229 L/d, higher than POCIS using commercial sorbent WAX as receiving phase (0.133 and 0.141 L/d for PFOA and PFOS, respectively) in quiescent condition. The Rs values for PFOA and PFOS sampling on MIP-POCIS were increased to 0.591 and 0.281 L/d in stirred condition (0.01 m/s), and no significant increase occurred when the flow velocity was further increased. The Rs values were kept relatively high in the solution of which the pH was lower than the isoelectric point (IEP) of MIP-sorbent and decreased when the solution pH was extend the IEP value. Under the experimental conditions, DOM seemed to slightly facilitate the Rs values of PFOA and PFOS in MIP-POCIS. The results showed that the interaction between the target compounds and the receiving phase was fully integrated by the imprinting effects and also the electrostatic interaction. Finally, comparing the sampling rate of WAX-POCIS and the MIP-POCIS, the MIP-POCIS offers promising perspectives for selective sampling ability for PFOA and PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Bejing, 100012, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinhao Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Bejing, 100012, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- , Tianjin, China.
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Bejing, 100012, China.
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15
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Booij K, Chen S. Review of atrazine sampling by polar organic chemical integrative samplers and Chemcatcher. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1786-1798. [PMID: 29687480 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A key success factor for the performance of passive samplers is the proper calibration of sampling rates. Sampling rates for a wide range of polar organic compounds are available for Chemcatchers and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), but the mechanistic models that are needed to understand the effects of exposure conditions on sampling rates need improvement. Literature data on atrazine sampling rates by these samplers were reviewed with the aim of assessing what can be learned from literature reports of this well-studied compound and identifying knowledge gaps related to the effects of flow and temperature. The flow dependency of sampling rates could be described by a mass transfer resistance model with 1 (POCIS) or 2 (Chemcatcher) adjustable parameters. Literature data were insufficient to evaluate the temperature effect on the sampling rates. An evaluation of reported sampler configurations showed that standardization of sampler design can be improved: for POCIS with respect to surface area and sorbent mass, and for Chemcatcher with respect to housing design. Several reports on atrazine sampling could not be used because the experimental setups were insufficiently described with respect to flow conditions. Recommendations are made for standardization of sampler layout and documentation of flow conditions in calibration studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1786-1798. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kees Booij
- Passive Sampling of Organic Compounds (PaSOC), Kimswerd, The Netherlands
| | - Sunmao Chen
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Jeong Y, Schäffer A, Smith K. Comparison of the sampling rates and partitioning behaviour of polar and non-polar contaminants in the polar organic chemical integrative sampler and a monophasic mixed polymer sampler for application as an equilibrium passive sampler. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:905-915. [PMID: 29426215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Oasis HLB® beads were embedded in a silicone matrix to make a single phase passive sampler with a higher affinity for polar and ionisable compounds than silicone alone. The applicability of this mixed polymer sampler (MPS) was investigated for 34 aquatic contaminants (log KOW -0.03 to 6.26) in batch experiments. The influence of flow was investigated by comparing uptake under static and stirred conditions. The sampler characteristics of the MPS was assessed in terms of sampling rates (RS) and sampler-water partition coefficients (KSW), and these were compared to those of the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) as a reference kinetic passive sampler. The MPS was characterized as an equilibrium sampler for both polar and non-polar compounds, with faster uptake rates and a shorter time to reach equilibrium than the POCIS. Water flow rate impacted sampling rates by up to a factor of 12 when comparing static and stirred conditions. In addition, the relative accumulation of compounds in the polyethersulfone (PES) membranes versus the inner Oasis HLB sorbent was compared for the POCIS, and ranged from <1% to 83% depending on the analyte properties. This is indicative of a potentially significant lag-phase for less polar compounds within POCIS. The findings of this study can be used to quantitatively describe the partitioning and kinetic behaviour of MPS and POCIS for a range of aquatic organic contaminants for application in field sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonah Jeong
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E7.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52076 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52076 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kilian Smith
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E7.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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17
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Münze R, Hannemann C, Orlinskiy P, Gunold R, Paschke A, Foit K, Becker J, Kaske O, Paulsson E, Peterson M, Jernstedt H, Kreuger J, Schüürmann G, Liess M. Pesticides from wastewater treatment plant effluents affect invertebrate communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:387-399. [PMID: 28478367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We quantified pesticide contamination and its ecological impact up- and downstream of seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in rural and suburban areas of central Germany. During two sampling campaigns, time-weighted average pesticide concentrations (cTWA) were obtained using Chemcatcher® passive samplers; pesticide peak concentrations were quantified with event-driven samplers. At downstream sites, receiving waters were additionally grab sampled for five selected pharmaceuticals. Ecological effects on macroinvertebrate structure and ecosystem function were assessed using the biological indicator system SPEARpesticides (SPEcies At Risk) and leaf litter breakdown rates, respectively. WWTP effluents substantially increased insecticide and fungicide concentrations in receiving waters; in many cases, treated wastewater was the exclusive source for the neonicotinoid insecticides acetamiprid and imidacloprid in the investigated streams. During the ten weeks of the investigation, five out of the seven WWTPs increased in-stream pesticide toxicity by a factor of three. As a consequence, at downstream sites, SPEAR values and leaf litter degradation rates were reduced by 40% and 53%, respectively. The reduced leaf litter breakdown was related to changes in the macroinvertebrate communities described by SPEARpesticides and not to altered microbial activity. Neonicotinoids showed the highest ecological relevance for the composition of invertebrate communities, occasionally exceeding the Regulatory Acceptable Concentrations (RACs). In general, considerable ecological effects of insecticides were observed above and below regulatory thresholds. Fungicides, herbicides and pharmaceuticals contributed only marginally to acute toxicity. We conclude that pesticide retention of WWTPs needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Münze
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Biosciences, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Christin Hannemann
- Brandenburg State Office of the Environment, Department of Water Management - River Basin Management, Seeburger Chaussee 2, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Polina Orlinskiy
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Roman Gunold
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Paschke
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kaarina Foit
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jeremias Becker
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Kaske
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elin Paulsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Märit Peterson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Jernstedt
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Kreuger
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerrit Schüürmann
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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18
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Novic AJ, O'Brien DS, Kaserzon SL, Hawker DW, Lewis SE, Mueller JF. Monitoring Herbicide Concentrations and Loads during a Flood Event: A Comparison of Grab Sampling with Passive Sampling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3880-3891. [PMID: 28192998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The suitability of passive samplers (Chemcatcher) as an alternative to grab sampling in estimating time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations and total loads of herbicides was assessed. Grab sampling complemented deployments of passive samplers in a tropical waterway in Queensland, Australia, before, during and after a flood event. Good agreement was observed between the two sampling modes in estimating TWA concentrations that was independent of herbicide concentrations ranging over 2 orders of magnitude. In a flood-specific deployment, passive sampler TWA concentrations underestimated mean grab sampler (n = 258) derived concentrations of atrazine, diuron, ametryn, and metolachlor by an average factor of 1.29. No clear trends were evident in the ratios of load estimates from passive samplers relative to grab samples that ranged between 0.3 and 1.8 for these analytes because of the limitations of using TWA concentrations to derive flow-weighted loads. Stratification of deployments by flow however generally resulted in noticeable improvements in passive sampler load estimates. By considering the magnitude of the uncertainty (interquartile range and the root-mean-squared error) of load estimates a modeling exercise showed that passive samplers were a viable alternative to grab sampling since between 3 and 17 grab samples were needed before grab sampling results had less uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Joseph Novic
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland , 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Dominique S O'Brien
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, ATSIP, DB145, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Sarit L Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland , 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Darryl W Hawker
- Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University , 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Stephen E Lewis
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, ATSIP, DB145, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland , 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
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19
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Kim Tiam S, Fauvelle V, Morin S, Mazzella N. Improving Toxicity Assessment of Pesticide Mixtures: The Use of Polar Passive Sampling Devices Extracts in Microalgae Toxicity Tests. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1388. [PMID: 27667986 PMCID: PMC5016515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexity of contaminants exposure needs to be taking in account for an appropriate evaluation of risks related to mixtures of pesticides released in the ecosystems. Toxicity assessment of such mixtures can be made through a variety of toxicity tests reflecting different level of biological complexity. This paper reviews the recent developments of passive sampling techniques for polar compounds, especially Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) and Chemcatcher® and the principal assessment techniques using microalgae in laboratory experiments. The progresses permitted by the coupled use of such passive samplers and ecotoxicology testing as well as their limitations are presented. Case studies combining passive sampling devices (PSD) extracts and toxicity assessment toward microorganisms at different biological scales from single organisms to communities level are presented. These case studies, respectively, aimed (i) at characterizing the "toxic potential" of waters using dose-response curves, and (ii) at performing microcosm experiments with increased environmental realism in the toxicant exposure in term of cocktail composition and concentration. Finally perspectives and limitations of such approaches for future applications in the area of environmental risk assessment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kim Tiam
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture UR EABX, Cestas, France
| | - Vincent Fauvelle
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture UR EABX, Cestas, France
| | - Soizic Morin
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture UR EABX, Cestas, France
| | - Nicolas Mazzella
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture UR EABX, Cestas, France
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20
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Sauer FG, Bundschuh M, Zubrod JP, Schäfer RB, Thompson K, Kefford BJ. Effects of salinity on leaf breakdown: Dryland salinity versus salinity from a coalmine. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:425-432. [PMID: 27393920 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Salinization of freshwater ecosystems as a result of human activities represents a global threat for ecosystems' integrity. Whether different sources of salinity with their differing ionic compositions lead to variable effects in ecosystem functioning is unknown. Therefore, the present study assessed the impact of dryland- (50μS/cm to 11,000μS/cm) and coalmine-induced (100μS/cm to 2400μS/cm) salinization on the leaf litter breakdown, with focus on microorganisms as main decomposer, in two catchments in New South Wales, Australia. The breakdown of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves decreased with increasing salinity by up to a factor of three. Coalmine salinity, which is characterised by a higher share of bicarbonates, had a slightly but consistently higher breakdown rate at a given salinity relative to dryland salinity, which is characterised by ionic proportions similar to sea water. Complementary laboratory experiments supported the stimulatory impact of sodium bicarbonates on leaf breakdown when compared to sodium chloride or artificial sea salt. Furthermore, microbial inoculum from a high salinity site (11,000μS/cm) yielded lower leaf breakdown at lower salinity relative to inoculum from a low salinity site (50μS/cm). Conversely, inoculum from the high salinity site was less sensitive towards increasing salinity levels relative to inoculum from the low salinity site. The effects of the different inoculum were the same regardless of salt source (sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and artificial sea salt). Finally, the microorganism-mediated leaf litter breakdown was most efficient at intermediate salinity levels (≈500μS/cm). The present study thus points to severe implications of increasing salinity intensities on the ecosystem function of leaf litter breakdown, while the underlying processes need further scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix G Sauer
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jochen P Zubrod
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Kristie Thompson
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland, 4108, Australia
| | - Ben J Kefford
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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21
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O'Brien D, Lewis S, Davis A, Gallen C, Smith R, Turner R, Warne M, Turner S, Caswell S, Mueller JF, Brodie J. Spatial and Temporal Variability in Pesticide Exposure Downstream of a Heavily Irrigated Cropping Area: Application of Different Monitoring Techniques. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3975-3989. [PMID: 26755130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure threatens many freshwater and estuarine ecosystems around the world. This study examined the temporal and spatial trends of pesticide concentrations in a waterway within an agriculturally developed dry-tropics catchment using a combination of grab and passive sampling methods over a continuous two-year monitoring program. A total of 43 pesticide residues were detected with 7 pesticides exceeding ecologically relevant water quality guidelines/trigger values during the study period and 4 (ametryn, atrazine, diuron, and metolachlor) of these exceeding guidelines for several months. The presence and concentration of the pesticides in the stream coincided with seasonal variability in rainfall, harvest timing/cropping cycle, and management changes. The sampling approach used demonstrates that the application of these complementary sampling techniques (both grab and passive sampling methods) was effective in establishing pesticide usage patterns in upstream locations where application data are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique O'Brien
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, ATSIP, DB145, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Stephen Lewis
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, ATSIP, DB145, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Aaron Davis
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, ATSIP, DB145, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Christie Gallen
- The University of Queensland, Entox , 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Rachael Smith
- Water Quality and Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Science, Science Delivery, Queensland Department of ScienceInformation Technology and Innovation (DSITI) , Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Ryan Turner
- Water Quality and Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Science, Science Delivery, Queensland Department of ScienceInformation Technology and Innovation (DSITI) , Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Michael Warne
- Water Quality and Investigations, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Science, Science Delivery, Queensland Department of ScienceInformation Technology and Innovation (DSITI) , Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Scott Turner
- Organic Chemistry, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support, Queensland Department of Health, Queensland Government , 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Stewart Caswell
- Organic Chemistry, Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support, Queensland Department of Health, Queensland Government , 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- The University of Queensland, Entox , 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Jon Brodie
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, ATSIP, DB145, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Overview of the Chemcatcher® for the passive sampling of various pollutants in aquatic environments Part B: Field handling and environmental applications for the monitoring of pollutants and their biological effects. Talanta 2016; 148:572-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Münze R, Orlinskiy P, Gunold R, Paschke A, Kaske O, Beketov MA, Hundt M, Bauer C, Schüürmann G, Möder M, Liess M. Pesticide impact on aquatic invertebrates identified with Chemcatcher® passive samplers and the SPEAR(pesticides) index. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 537:69-80. [PMID: 26282741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides negatively affect biodiversity and ecosystem function in aquatic environments. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pesticides on stream macroinvertebrates at 19 sites in a rural area dominated by forest cover and arable land in Central Germany. Pesticide exposure was quantified with Chemcatcher® passive samplers equipped with a diffusion-limiting membrane. Ecological effects on macroinvertebrate communities and on the ecosystem function detritus breakdown were identified using the indicator system SPEARpesticides and the leaf litter degradation rates, respectively. A decrease in the abundance of pesticide-vulnerable taxa and a reduction in leaf litter decomposition rates were observed at sites contaminated with the banned insecticide Carbofuran (Toxic Units≥-2.8), confirming the effect thresholds from previous studies. The results show that Chemcatcher® passive samplers with a diffusion-limiting membrane reliably detect ecologically relevant pesticide pollution, and we suggest Chemcatcher® passive samplers and SPEARpesticides as a promising combination to assess pesticide exposure and effects in rivers and streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Münze
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Biosciences, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Polina Orlinskiy
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioenergy, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Roman Gunold
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Paschke
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Kaske
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mikhail A Beketov
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Hundt
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Coretta Bauer
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerrit Schüürmann
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Monika Möder
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Orlinskiy P, Münze R, Beketov M, Gunold R, Paschke A, Knillmann S, Liess M. Forested headwaters mitigate pesticide effects on macroinvertebrate communities in streams: Mechanisms and quantification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 524-525:115-123. [PMID: 25889550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides impact invertebrate communities in freshwater ecosystems, leading to the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functions. One approach to reduce such effects is to maintain uncontaminated stream reaches that can foster recovery of the impacted populations. We assessed the potential of uncontaminated forested headwaters to mitigate pesticide impact on the downstream macroinvertebrate communities in 37 streams, using the SPEARpesticides index. Pesticide contamination was measured with runoff-triggered techniques and Chemcatcher® passive samplers. The data originated from 3 field studies conducted between 1998 and 2011. The proportion of vulnerable species decreased significantly after pesticide exposure even at low toxicity levels (-4<TUmax≤-3). This corresponds to pesticide concentrations down to 3-4 orders of magnitude below the LC50 value for standard test organisms. The toxicity of pesticides and the length of the forested reaches together explained 78% of variation in the community composition (SPEARpesticides). The proportion of vulnerable species doubled within the measured length of the forested stream section (0.2-18 km), whereas other characteristics of the forest or abiotic water parameters did not have an effect within the measured gradients. The presence of forested headwaters was not associated with reduced pesticide exposure 3 km downstream and did not reduce the loss of vulnerable taxa after exposure. Nevertheless, forested headwaters were associated with the absence of long-term pesticide effects on the macroinvertebrate community composition. We conclude that although pesticides can cause the loss of vulnerable aquatic invertebrates even at low toxicity levels, forested headwaters enhance the recovery of vulnerable species in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Orlinskiy
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Bioenergy, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Ronald Münze
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Biosciences, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Mikhail Beketov
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roman Gunold
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albrecht Paschke
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Ecological Chemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Saskia Knillmann
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
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Overview of the Chemcatcher® for the passive sampling of various pollutants in aquatic environments Part A: Principles, calibration, preparation and analysis of the sampler. Talanta 2015; 148:556-71. [PMID: 26653485 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The passive sampler Chemcatcher(®), which was developed in 2000, can be adapted for various types of water contaminants (e.g., trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides and pharmaceutical residues) depending on the materials chosen for the receiving phase and the membrane. The Chemcatcher(®) has been used in numerous research articles in both laboratory experiments and field exposures, and here we review the state-of-the-art in applying this passive sampler. Part A of this review covers (1) the theory upon which the sampler is based (i.e., brief theory, calculation of water concentration, Performance and Reference Compounds), (2) the preparation of the device (i.e., sampler design, choice of the membrane and disk, mounting of the tool), and (3) calibration procedures (i.e., design of the calibration tank, tested parameters, sampling rates).
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Allinson G, Bui A, Zhang P, Rose G, Wightwick AM, Allinson M, Pettigrove V. Investigation of 10 herbicides in surface waters of a horticultural production catchment in southeastern Australia. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:358-373. [PMID: 24935816 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are regularly applied in horticultural production systems and may migrate off-site, potentially posing an ecological risk to surface waterways. However, few studies have investigated the levels and potential ecotoxicological impact of herbicides in horticultural catchments in southern Australia. This study investigated the presence of 10 herbicides at 18 sites during a 5-month period in horticulturally important areas of the Yarra Valley in southeastern Australia. Seven of the 10 herbicides were detected in the streams, in 39 % of spot water samples, in 25 % of surface sediment samples, and in >70 % of the passive sampler systems deployed. Few samples contained residues of ≥2 herbicides. Simazine was the herbicide most frequently detected in water, sediment, and passive sampler samples and had the highest concentrations in water (0.67 μg/L) and sediment (260 μg/kg dry weight). Generally the concentrations of the herbicides detected were several orders of magnitude lower than reported ecotoxicological effect values, including those for aquatic plants and algae, suggesting that concentrations of individual chemicals in the catchment were unlikely to pose an ecological risk. However, little is known about the combined effects of simultaneous, low-level exposure of multiple herbicides of the same mode of action on Australian aquatic organisms nor their contribution when found in mixtures with other pesticides. Further research is required to adequately assess the risk of pesticides in Victorian aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Allinson
- Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia,
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Kaserzon SL, Hawker DW, Booij K, O'Brien DS, Kennedy K, Vermeirssen ELM, Mueller JF. Passive sampling of perfluorinated chemicals in water: in-situ calibration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 186:98-103. [PMID: 24368313 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) have been recognised as environmental pollutants that require monitoring. A modified polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) is able to quantify aqueous PFCs. However, with varying external water velocity, PFC sampling rates (Rs) may change, affecting accuracy of derived water concentrations. To facilitate field deployment of this sampler, two methods of in-situ calibration were investigated: performance reference compounds (PRCs) and passive flow monitors (PFMs). Increased Rs's (by factors of 1.2-1.9) with PFM loss rate (g d(-1)) were observed for some PFCs. Results indicate PFMs can be used to correct PFC specific Rs's for more reliable estimates of environmental concentrations with a precision of about 0.01 L d(-1). Empirical models presented provide an improved means for aquatic monitoring of PFCs. The PRC approach was unsuccessful, confirming concern as to its applicability with such samplers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit L Kaserzon
- The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Darryl W Hawker
- Griffith University, School of Environment, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Kees Booij
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique S O'Brien
- The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Karen Kennedy
- The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Etiënne L M Vermeirssen
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
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Page D, Miotliński K, Gonzalez D, Barry K, Dillon P, Gallen C. Environmental monitoring of selected pesticides and organic chemicals in urban stormwater recycling systems using passive sampling techniques. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2014; 158:65-77. [PMID: 24508567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Water recycling via aquifers has become a valuable tool to augment urban water supplies in many countries. This study reports the first use of passive samplers for monitoring of organic micropollutants in Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR). Five different configurations of passive samplers were deployed in a stormwater treatment wetland, groundwater monitoring wells and a recovery tank to capture a range of polar and non-polar micropollutants present in the system. The passive samplers were analysed for a suite of pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other chemicals. As a result, 17 pesticides and pesticide degradation products, 5 PAHs and 8 other organic chemicals including flame retardants and fragrances were detected in urban stormwater recharging Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) and an Aquifer Storage Transfer and Recovery (ASTR) system. Of the pesticides detected, diuron, metolachlor and chlorpyrifos were generally detected at the highest concentrations in one or more passive samplers, whereas chlorpyrifos, diuron, metolachlor, simazine, galaxolide and triallate were detected in multiple samplers. Fluorene was the PAH detected at the highest concentration and the flame retardant Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate was the chemical detected in the greatest abundance at all sites. The passive samplers showed different efficiencies for capture of micropollutants with the Empore disc samplers giving the most reliable results. The results indicate generally low levels of organic micropollutants in the stormwater, as the contaminants detected were present at very low ng/L levels, generally two to four orders of magnitude below the drinking water guidelines (NHMRC, 2011). The efficiency of attenuation of these organic micropollutants during MAR was difficult to determine due to variations in the source water concentrations. Comparisons were made between different samplers, to give a field-based calibration where existing lab-based calibrations were unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Page
- CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship Program and CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Laboratories, Waite Rd, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Konrad Miotliński
- CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship Program and CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Laboratories, Waite Rd, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Dennis Gonzalez
- CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship Program and CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Laboratories, Waite Rd, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Karen Barry
- CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship Program and CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Laboratories, Waite Rd, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Peter Dillon
- CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship Program and CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Laboratories, Waite Rd, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Christie Gallen
- Entox, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia
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Kaserzon SL, Vermeirssen ELM, Hawker DW, Kennedy K, Bentley C, Thompson J, Booij K, Mueller JF. Passive sampling of perfluorinated chemicals in water: flow rate effects on chemical uptake. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 177:58-63. [PMID: 23466732 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A recently developed modified polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) provides a means for monitoring perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) in water. However, changes in external flow rates may alter POCIS sampling behaviour and consequently affect estimated water concentrations of analytes. In this work, uptake kinetics of selected PFCs, over 15 days, were investigated. A flow-through channel system was employed with spiked river water at flow rates between 0.02 and 0.34 m s(-1). PFC sampling rates (Rs) (0.09-0.29 L d(-1) depending on analyte and flow rate) increased from the lowest to highest flow rate employed for some PFCs (MW ≤ 464) but not for others (MW ≥ 500). Rs's for some of these smaller PFCs were increasingly less sensitive to flow rate as this increased within the range investigated. This device shows promise as a sampling tool to support monitoring efforts for PFCs in a range of flow rate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit L Kaserzon
- The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
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Ahkola H, Herve S, Knuutinen J. Overview of passive Chemcatcher sampling with SPE pretreatment suitable for the analysis of NPEOs and NPs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:1207-1218. [PMID: 22983602 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) is an important piece of environmental legislation that protects rivers, lakes, coastal waters and groundwaters (EC 2000). The implementation of the WFD requires the establishment and use of novel and low-cost monitoring programmes, and several methods, e.g. passive sampling, have been developed to make the sampling process more representative compared to spot sampling. This review considers passive sampling methods focusing mainly on a passive sampler named Chemcatcher®, which has been used for monitoring several harmful compounds in aquatic environments. Also, the sample treatment and analysis of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) and nonylphenol (NPs) from water using solid phase extraction (SPE) is briefly summarized. The procedure of Chemcatcher passive sampling is quite similar to that of the SPE extraction since it concentrates the studied compounds from water as well. After sampling, the accumulated substances are extracted from the receiving phase of the sampler. The concentrations of NPEOs and NPs are currently monitored by taking conventional spot samples; SPE can be successfully used as a pretreatment procedure. Chemcatcher® passive sampling technique is a simple and useful monitoring tool and can be applied to new chemicals, such as NPEOs and NPs in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Ahkola
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland.
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Harman C, Allan IJ, Vermeirssen ELM. Calibration and use of the polar organic chemical integrative sampler--a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:2724-38. [PMID: 23012256 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of strict environmental quality standards for polar organic priority pollutants poses a challenge for monitoring programs. The polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) may help to address the challenge of measuring low and fluctuating trace concentrations of such organic contaminants, offering significant advantages over traditional sampling. In the present review, the authors evaluate POCIS calibration methods and factors affecting sampling rates together with reported environmental applications. Over 300 compounds have been shown to accumulate in POCIS, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, hormones, and industrial chemicals. Polar organic chemical integrative sampler extracts have been used for both chemical and biological analyses. Several different calibration methods have been described, which makes it difficult to directly compare sampling rates. In addition, despite the fact that some attempts to correlate sampling rates with the properties of target compounds such as log K(OW) have been met with varying success, an overall model that can predict uptake is lacking. Furthermore, temperature, water flow rates, salinity, pH, and fouling have all been shown to affect uptake; however, there is currently no robust method available for adjusting for these differences. Overall, POCIS has been applied to a wide range of sampling environments and scenarios and has been proven to be a useful screening tool. However, based on the existing literature, a more mechanistic approach is required to increase understanding and thus improve the quantitative nature of the measurements.
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Kennedy K, Devlin M, Bentley C, Lee-Chue K, Paxman C, Carter S, Lewis SE, Brodie J, Guy E, Vardy S, Martin KC, Jones A, Packett R, Mueller JF. The influence of a season of extreme wet weather events on exposure of the World Heritage Area Great Barrier Reef to pesticides. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:1495-1507. [PMID: 22738465 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The 2010-2011 wet season was one of extreme weather for the State of Queensland, Australia. Major rivers adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) were discharging at rates 1.5 to >3 times higher than their long term median. Exposure to photosystem II herbicides has been routinely monitored over a period of up to 5 years at 12 inshore GBR sites. The influence of this wet season on exposure to photosystem II herbicides was examined in the context of this long-term monitoring record and during flood plume events in specific regions. Median exposures expressed as diuron equivalent concentration were an average factor of 2.3 times higher but mostly not significantly different (p<0.05) to the median for the long-term monitoring record. The herbicides metolachlor and tebuthiuron were frequently detected in flood plume waters at concentrations that reached or exceeded relevant water quality guidelines (by up to 4.5 times).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Kennedy
- The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Coopers Plains, Brisbane QLD 4108, Australia.
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O'Brien D, Komarova T, Mueller JF. Determination of deployment specific chemical uptake rates for SPMD and PDMS using a passive flow monitor. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:1005-1011. [PMID: 22406046 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling techniques facilitate the time-integrated measurement of pollutant concentrations through the use of a selective receiving phase. Accurate quantification using passive sampling devices rely on the implementation of methods that will negate the effects of environmental factors (flow, temperature, etc.) or that will allow the calculation of the chemical specific rates of uptake (R(s)) into the passive sampler employed. We have applied an in situ calibration technique based on the dissolution of gypsum to measure the average water velocity to which a sampler has been exposed. We demonstrate that the loss of gypsum from the passive flow monitor (PFM) can be applied to predict changes in R(s) dependent on flow when using the absorbent SPMD (semipermeable membrane device) and PDMS (polydimethyl siloxan) passive samplers. The application of the PFM will enhance the accuracy of measurements made when calculating and reporting environmental pollutant concentrations using a passive sampling device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique O'Brien
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
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Gaul S, Bendig P, Olbrich D, Rosenfelder N, Ruff P, Gaus C, Mueller JF, Vetter W. Identification of the natural product 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-1-methylpyrrole in Pacific biota, passive samplers and seagrass from Queensland, Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:2463-2468. [PMID: 21925687 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated natural products (HNPs) are frequently detected in marine organisms. High HNP concentrations have previously been found in marine mammals from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, including in the blubber of herbivorous dugongs (Dugong dugon). To identify the source of HNPs we initially focused on the analysis of Australian seagrass (Halophila ovalis) which serves as the principal food source for dugongs. GC/MS analysis of the seagrass indicated the presence of several organobromine compounds. One compound was identified as 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-1-methylpyrrole (TBMP) by synthesis. Subsequent analysis of semipermeable membrane devices demonstrated that the photo-sensitive TBMP is widespread in the Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia). The detection of larger TBMP concentrations in fish fillets from Chile and traces in mussels from New Zealand indicated that this potential HNP may be distributed throughout the Southern Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gaul
- Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Lebensmittelchemie (170b), Garbenstr. 28, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
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