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Li S, Wang C, Yang C, Chen Y, Cheng Q, Liu J, Zhang Y, Jin L, Li Z, Ren A, Wang L. Prenatal exposure to poly/perfluoroalkyl substances and risk for congenital heart disease in offspring. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134008. [PMID: 38503211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent congenital malformation worldwide, and the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exposure and CHD in population has only received limited study. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter case-control study to explore the associations between prenatal exposure to individual PFASs, and also a PFAS mixture, and CHD risk, including 185 CHDs and 247 controls in China from 2016 to 2021. Thirteen PFASs in maternal plasma were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Logistic regression and two multipollutant models (Bayesian kernel machine regression [BKMR] and quantile g-computation [qgcomp]) were used to assess the potential associations between any individual PFAS, and also a PFAS mixture, and CHD risk. After adjusting for potential confounders, logistic regression indicated significant associations between elevated levels of perfluorononanoic acid (odds ratio [OR]= 1.30, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.07-1.58), perfluorodecanoic acid (OR=2.07, 95%CI: 1.32-3.26), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (OR=2.86, 95%CI:1.45-5.65) and CHD risk. The BKMR model and qgcomp approach identified that a significant positive association between the PFAS mixture and risk for CHD. These findings provide essential evidence that there is indeed a health crisis associated with PFASs and that it is linked to CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chengrong Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongyan Chen
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qianhui Cheng
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Gonkowski S, Ochoa-Herrera V. Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in amphibians and reptiles - exposure and health effects. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 270:106907. [PMID: 38564994 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are commonly used in various industries and everyday products, including clothing, electronics, furniture, paints, and many others. PFASs are primarily found in aquatic environments, but also present in soil, air and plants, making them one of the most important and dangerous pollutants of the natural environment. PFASs bioaccumulate in living organisms and are especially dangerous to aquatic and semi-aquatic animals. As endocrine disruptors, PFASs affect many internal organs and systems, including reproductive, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems. This manuscript represents the first comprehensive review exclusively focusing on PFASs in amphibians and reptiles. Both groups of animals are highly vulnerable to PFASs in the natural habitats. Amphibians and reptiles, renowned for their sensitivity to environmental changes, are often used as crucial bioindicators to monitor ecosystem health and environmental pollution levels. Furthermore, the decline in amphibian and reptile populations worldwide may be related to increasing environmental pollution. Therefore, studies investigating the exposure of amphibians and reptiles to PFASs, as well as their impacts on these organisms are essential in modern toxicology. Summarizing the current knowledge on PFASs in amphibians and reptiles in a single manuscript will facilitate the exploration of new research topics in this field. Such a comprehensive review will aid researchers in understanding the implications of PFASs exposure on amphibians and reptiles, guiding future investigations to mitigate their adverse effects of these vital components of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Valeria Ochoa-Herrera
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, 170901, Ecuador; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Li J, Sha H, Liu W, Yuan Y, Zhu G, Meng F, Xi B, Tan W. Transport of per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances from leachate to groundwater as affected by dissolved organic matter in landfills. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118230. [PMID: 38237756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from landfill leachate to surrounding soil and groundwater poses a threat to human health via the food chain or drinking water. Studies have shown that the transport process of PFAS from the solid to liquid phase in the environment is significantly affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM) adsorption. However, the mechanism of PFAS release from landfill solids into leachate and its transport to the surrounding groundwater remains unclear. In this study, we identified the composition of PFAS and DOM components and analyzed the association between DOM components, physicochemical factors, and PFAS concentrations in landfill leachate and groundwater. This study demonstrated that the frequency of PFAS detection in the samples was 100%, and the PFAS concentrations in leachate were greater than in the groundwater samples. Physicochemical factors, such as ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), DOM components C4 (macromolecular humic acid), SUVA254 (aromatic component content), and A240-400 (humification degree and molecular weight), were strongly correlated with PFAS concentrations. In conclusion, PFAS environmental risk management should be enhanced in landfills, especially in closed landfills, or landfills that are scheduled to close in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haoqun Sha
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weijiang Liu
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Ganghui Zhu
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Fanhua Meng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Li J, Xi B, Zhu G, Yuan Y, Liu W, Gong Y, Tan W. A critical review of the occurrence, fate and treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in landfills. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114980. [PMID: 36460077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this critical review is i) to summarize the occurrence of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in landfills; ii) to outline the environmental fate and transport of PFASs in landfills; iii) to compare the treatment technologies of PFASs in landfill leachate and remediation methods of PFASs in surrounding groundwater; iv) to identify the research gaps and suggest future research directions. In recent years, PFASs have been detected in landfills around the world, among which Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) especially Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are mostly studied due to their long-term stability. Short-chain PFASs (<8 carbons) are more common than long-chain PFASs (≧8 carbons) in landfill leachate. PFASs in landfill leachate are eventually transported to the surrounding groundwater, surface water and soil. Some PFASs evaporate from landfills to the ambient air. To avoid the environmental and health risks of PFASs in landfills, new technologies and combined use of existing technologies have been implemented to treat PFASs in landfill leachate. Integrated remediation methods are applied to control the diffusion of PFASs in groundwater surrounding landfills. In future, the mechanisms of PFAAs precursors degradation, the correlation among PFASs in different environmental media around landfills, as well as the environmental behavior and toxic effect of combined pollutants together with PFASs in landfill leachate and surrounding groundwater should be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ganghui Zhu
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Weijiang Liu
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Leclercq A, Ranefall P, Sjunnesson YCB, Hallberg I. Occurrence of late-apoptotic symptoms in porcine preimplantation embryos upon exposure of oocytes to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) under in vitro meiotic maturation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279551. [PMID: 36576940 PMCID: PMC9797085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of perfluoroalkyl substances on early embryonic development and apoptosis in blastocysts using a porcine in vitro model. Porcine oocytes (N = 855) collected from abattoir ovaries were subjected to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) (0.1 μg/ml) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) (40 μg/ml) during in vitro maturation (IVM) for 45 h. The gametes were then fertilized and cultured in vitro, and developmental parameters were recorded. After 6 days of culture, resulting blastocysts (N = 146) were stained using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and imaged as stacks using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Proportion of apoptotic cells as well as total numbers of nuclei in each blastocyst were analyzed using objective image analysis. The experiment was run in 9 replicates, always with a control present. Effects on developmental parameters were analyzed using logistic regression, and effects on apoptosis and total numbers of nuclei were analyzed using linear regression. Higher cell count was associated with lower proportion of apoptotic cells, i.e., larger blastocysts contained less apoptotic cells. Upon PFAS exposure during IVM, PFHxS tended to result in higher blastocyst rates on day 5 post fertilization (p = 0.07) and on day 6 post fertilization (p = 0.05) as well as in higher apoptosis rates in blastocysts (p = 0.06). PFHxS resulted in higher total cell counts in blastocysts (p = 0.002). No effects attributable to the concentration of PFOS used here was seen. These findings add to the evidence that some perfluoroalkyl substances may affect female reproduction. More studies are needed to better understand potential implications for continued development as well as for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leclercq
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences & the Centre for Reproductive biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Petter Ranefall
- Department of Information Technology, and SciLifeLab BioImage Informatics Facility, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ylva Cecilia Björnsdotter Sjunnesson
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences & the Centre for Reproductive biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ida Hallberg
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences & the Centre for Reproductive biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Wu Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Cao J, Feng C, Luo Y, Lin Y. Self-recovery study of fluoride-induced ferroptosis in the liver of zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 251:106275. [PMID: 36007351 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis plays a key role in fluorosis in aquatic organisms, but whether it is involved in fluoride-induced liver damage remains unclear. Previous studies have indicated that fluoride toxicity has the reversible tendency, but the mechanism of self-recovery after fluorosis in aquatic animals has not been elucidated. In this study, adult zebrafish and embryos were exposed to 0, 20, 40, 80 mg/L of fluoride for 30, 60 and 90 d and 3, 4 and 5 d post-fertilization (dpf), respectively. After 90 d, adult zebrafish were transferred to clean water for self-recovery of 30 d. The results showed that fluoride induced the prominent histopathologial changes in liver of adults, and the developmental delay and dark liver area in larvae. Fluoride significantly increased the iron overload, while decreased the expression levels of transferrin (tf), transferrin receptor (tfr), ferroportin (fpn), membrane iron transporter (fpn), and ferritin heavy chain (fth) in adults and larvae. Fluoride also induced the oxidative stress in adults and larvae by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while decreasing the glutathione (GSH) content and the levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (gpx4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (slc7a11). Self-recovery relieved fluoride-induced ferroptosis by reducing the histopathological damage and oxidative stress, reversing the expression levels of fth and slc7a11, Fe2+ metabolism and GSH synthesis. Lipid peroxidation and Fe2+ metabolism may be the key factor in alleviating effects of self-recovery on fluoride toxicity. Moreover, males are more sensitive than females. Our results provide a theoretical basis for studying the alleviating effects of self-recovery on fluoride toxicity and the underlying mechanism of its protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiuling Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jianjie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Cuiping Feng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yongju Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yong Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Truong L, Rericha Y, Thunga P, Marvel S, Wallis D, Simonich MT, Field JA, Cao D, Reif DM, Tanguay RL. Systematic developmental toxicity assessment of a structurally diverse library of PFAS in zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128615. [PMID: 35263707 PMCID: PMC8970529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of widely used chemicals with limited human health effects data relative to the diversity of structures manufactured. To help fill this data gap, an extensive in vivo developmental toxicity screen was performed on 139 PFAS provided by the US EPA. Dechorionated embryonic zebrafish were exposed to 10 nominal water concentrations of PFAS (0.015-100 µM) from 6 to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). The embryos were assayed for embryonic photomotor response (EPR), larval photomotor response (LPR), and 13 morphological endpoints. A total of 49 PFAS (35%) were bioactive in one or more assays (11 altered EPR, 25 altered LPR, and 31 altered morphology). Perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA) was the only structure that was bioactive in all 3 assays, while Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) was the most potent teratogen. Low PFAS volatility was associated with developmental toxicity (p < 0.01), but no association was detected between bioactivity and five other physicochemical parameters. The bioactive PFAS were enriched for 6 supergroup chemotypes. The results illustrate the power of a multi-dimensional in vivo platform to assess the developmental (neuro)toxicity of diverse PFAS and in the acceleration of PFAS safety research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, and the Environmental Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Yvonne Rericha
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, and the Environmental Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Preethi Thunga
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Skylar Marvel
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dylan Wallis
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Michael T Simonich
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, and the Environmental Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer A Field
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Dunping Cao
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - David M Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Robyn L Tanguay
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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María Teresa S, Romina G, Lucila Marilén C, Fernanda A, Rafael Carlos L, Paola Mariela P. Anuran heart development and critical developmental periods: a comparative analysis of three Neotropical anuran species. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3441-3455. [PMID: 35412699 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The heart begins to form early during vertebrate development and is the first functional organ of the embryo. This study aimed to describe and compare the heart development in three Neotropical anuran species, Physalaemus albonotatus, Elachistocleis bicolor, and Scinax nasicus. Different Gosner Stages (GS) of embryos (GS 18-20) and premetamorphic (GS 21-25), prometamorphic (GS 26-41) and metamorphic (GS 42-46) tadpoles were analyzed using stereoscopic microscopy and Scanning Electronic Microscopy. Heart development was similar in the three analyzed species; however, some heterochronic events were identified between P. albonotatus and S. nasicus compared to E. bicolor. In addition, different patterns of melanophores arrangement were observed. During the embryonic and metamorphic periods, the main morphogenetic events occur: formation of the heart tube, regionalization of the heart compartments, development of spiral valve, onset of heartbeat, looping, and final displacement of the atrium and its complete septation. Both periods are critical for the normal morphogenesis and the correct functioning of the anuran heart. These results are useful to characterize the normal anuran heart morphology and to identify possible abnormalities caused by exposure to environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandoval María Teresa
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Embriología Animal, Av. Libertad 5470 (3400)., Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Gaona Romina
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Embriología Animal, Av. Libertad 5470 (3400)., Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Curi Lucila Marilén
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ictiología del Nordeste (INICNE), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (FCV, UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2139, (3400) Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Abreliano Fernanda
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Embriología Animal, Av. Libertad 5470 (3400)., Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Lajmanovich Rafael Carlos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Peltzer Paola Mariela
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
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9
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Li K, Zhao Q, Fan Z, Jia S, Liu Q, Liu F, Liu S. The toxicity of perfluorodecanoic acid is mainly manifested as a deflected immune function. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4365-4376. [PMID: 35233679 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) is a type of perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA). PFDA has toxicity similar to dioxin; its effect on the body is not through a single target or a single pathway. However, the mechanism at the global level is still unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We treated mice with PFDA and characterized the global changes in gene expression in the liver using microarray analyses. The enriched KEGG pathways and GO analyses revealed that PFDA greatly affected the immune response, which was different from the response of gastric cells previously studied. As a proof of principle, the expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 were both decreased after PFDA treatment, and qRT-PCR and ELISAs verified the reduction of IL-1β and IL-18 in liver tissues. Mechanistic investigations indicated that PFDA inhibited caspase-1 activation, and decreased the mRNA levels of NLRP1, NLRP3, and NLRC4; thus, suggesting that inflammasome assemblies were suppressed. Further microarray data revealed that cIAP2 and its binding proteins, which are critical for regulating inflammasome assembly, were also repressed by PFDA. In addition, flow cytometry results revealed a significant inhibition of Th1 cell differentiation in the livers of PFDA-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggested that one of the main toxic effects of PFDA on livers was the inhibition of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science & Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 7 Yanzishanxi Road, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science & Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyan Fan
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shouyin Jia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science & Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Fengyan Liu
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shili Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science & Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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10
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Pulster EL, Wichterman AE, Snyder SM, Fogelson S, Da Silva BF, Costa KA, Aufmuth J, Deak KL, Murawski SA, Bowden JA. Detection of long chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the benthic Golden tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps) and their association with microscopic hepatic changes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151143. [PMID: 34695459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oceans are major sinks for anthropogenic pollutants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Although PFAS have been detected in surface waters globally, this is the first report of PFAS in a deep (170-400 m) demersal species in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Golden Tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps) plasma extracts (n = 185) were investigated for the presence of PFAS using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A subset of liver tissues (n = 51) were also analyzed for microscopic hepatic changes (MHCs). Overall, nine of the 110 PFAS targeted were detected in Tilefish plasma at relatively high frequencies. Plasma concentrations of total PFAS (Σ9PFAS) ranged from below the detection limit to 27.9 ng g-1 w.w. Significant regional differences were observed with the highest concentrations of PFAS detected in the north central region of the GoM, where substantial industrialization and discharges from the Mississippi River occur. Compared to most wildlife and matrices analyzed globally, the PFAS profiles in Tilefish were unique as they are dominated by PFUnDA. Profile differences are hypothesized to be the result of Tilefish's distinctive lifestyle, habitat, diet, and partitioning characteristics of long-chain PFAS. Several MHCs were identified in this subset of Tilefish that could be detrimental to their health. Significant correlations between PFAS concentrations and biometric indices and MHCs were evident, however, additional research is needed to investigate the role PFAS and PFAS combined with chemical admixtures may play in inducing observed hepatic changes and other physiological effects in Tilefish. These findings give insight into the fate of PFAS at depth in aquatic ecosystems and are cause for concern regarding the health of other deep water benthic biota in GoM and other deepwater sinks for PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Pulster
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave S, St. Petersburg 33701, FL, USA.
| | - Amanda E Wichterman
- School of Forest, Fisheries, & Geomatic Sciences, University of Florida, 136 Newins-Ziegler Hall, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Susan M Snyder
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave S, St. Petersburg 33701, FL, USA.
| | | | - Bianca F Da Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Kaylie A Costa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Joe Aufmuth
- George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, 1545 W University Ave, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.
| | - Kristina L Deak
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave S, St. Petersburg 33701, FL, USA.
| | - Steven A Murawski
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave S, St. Petersburg 33701, FL, USA.
| | - John A Bowden
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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11
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Svoboda LK, Ishikawa T, Dolinoy DC. Developmental toxicant exposures and sex-specific effects on epigenetic programming and cardiovascular health across generations. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2022; 8:dvac017. [PMID: 36325489 PMCID: PMC9600458 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial strides in diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to represent the leading cause of death in the USA and around the world, resulting in significant morbidity and loss of productive years of life. It is increasingly evident that environmental exposures during early development can influence CVD risk across the life course. CVDs exhibit marked sexual dimorphism, but how sex interacts with environmental exposures to affect cardiovascular health is a critical and understudied area of environmental health. Emerging evidence suggests that developmental exposures may have multi- and transgenerational effects on cardiovascular health, with potential sex differences; however, further research in this important area is urgently needed. Lead (Pb), phthalate plasticizers, and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with numerous adverse human health effects. Notably, recent evidence suggests that developmental exposure to each of these toxicants has sex-specific effects on cardiovascular outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms, and their effects on future generations, require further investigation. This review article will highlight the role for the developmental environment in influencing cardiovascular health across generations, with a particular emphasis on sex differences and epigenetic mechanisms. In particular, we will focus on the current evidence for adverse multi and transgenerational effects of developmental exposures to Pb, phthalates, and PFAS and highlight areas where further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K Svoboda
- *Correspondence address. Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Tel: +734-764-2032; E-mail:
| | - Tomoko Ishikawa
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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12
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LC-HRMS screening of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in impregnated paper samples and contaminated soils. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:1217-1225. [PMID: 34240229 PMCID: PMC8724098 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations have been detected in agricultural soils in Southwest Germany. Discharges of PFAS-contaminated paper sludge and compost are suspected to be the cause of the contamination. Perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) have been detected also in groundwater, drinking water, and plants in this area. Recently, previously unknown compounds have been identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Major contaminants were polyfluorinated dialkylated phosphate esters (diPAPs) and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide ethanol–based phosphate diester (diSAmPAP). In this study, HRMS screening for PFAS was applied to 14 soil samples from the contaminated area and 14 impregnated paper samples which were from a similar period than the contamination. The paper samples were characterized by diPAPs (from 4:2/6:2 to 12:2/12:2), fluorotelomer mercapto alkyl phosphates (FTMAPs; 6:2/6:2 to 10:2/10:2), and diSAmPAP. In soil samples, diPAPs and their transformation products (TPs) were the major contaminants, but also FTMAPs, diSAmPAP, and their TPs occurred. The distribution patterns of the carbon chain lengths of the precursor PFAS in soil samples were shown to resemble those in paper samples. This supports the hypothesis that paper sludge is a major source of contamination. The presence of major degradation products like PFCAs, FTSAs, or PFOS and their distribution of carbon chain lengths indicate the activity of biotic or abiotic degradation processes and selective leaching processes from the upper soil horizons.
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13
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Kim J, Lee G, Lee YM, Zoh KD, Choi K. Thyroid disrupting effects of perfluoroundecanoic acid and perfluorotridecanoic acid in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and rat pituitary (GH3) cell line. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128012. [PMID: 33182161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to global restriction on perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), the use of long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs, C > 8) and their environmental occurrences have increased. PFOS and PFOA have been known for thyroid disruption, however, knowledge is still limited on thyroid disrupting effects of long-chain PFASs (C > 10). In this study, two long-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), i.e., perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA), were chosen and investigated for thyroid disrupting effects, using zebrafish embryo/larvae and rat pituitary cell line (GH3). For comparison, PFOA was also added as a test chemical and also investigated for its thyroid disruption potential. Following a 5 d exposure to PFTrDA, zebrafish larvae showed upregulation of the genes responsible for thyroid hormone synthesis (tshβ, nkx2.1, nis, tpo, mct8) and (de)activation (dio1, dio2). In contrast, both PFUnDA and PFOA induced no regulatory changes except for upregulation of a thyroid metabolism related gene (ugt1ab). Morphological changes such as decreased eyeball size, increased yolk sac size, or deflated swim bladder, occurred following exposure to PFUnDA, PFTrDA, and PFOA. In GH3 cells, exposure to PFUnDA and PFTrDA upregulated Tshβ gene, suggesting that these PFCAs increase thyroid hormone synthesis through stimulation by Tsh. In summary, both long-chain PFCAs could cause transcriptional changes of thyroid regulating genes that may lead to increased malformation of the zebrafish larvae, but the pathway of thyroid disruption appears to be different by the chain length. Confirmation and validation in adult fish following long term exposure are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Gowoon Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Duk Zoh
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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14
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Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) alters lipid accumulation in bovine blastocysts after oocyte exposure during in vitro maturation. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 84:1-8. [PMID: 30502403 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is one of the perfluoroalkyl acids present in human tissues. In this study, effects on early embryo development after PFNA exposure were investigated using the bovine in vitro production system. Oocytes were exposed to PFNA during maturation in vitro (10 μg mL-1 and 0.1 μg mL-1), and then fertilized and cultured in parallel with control groups. Developmental parameters (cleavage, blastocyst formation) were followed and embryo quality evaluated (stage, grade). Embryos developed after exposure to 0.1 μg mL-1 were stained to distinguish nuclei, active mitochondria and neutral lipids. 10 μg mL-1 of PFNA had a severe negative effect on blastocyst formation (OR: 0.27 p < 0.05), an effect not observed at 0.1 μg mL-1. However, lipid droplet distribution was significantly altered in embryos exposed to 0.1 μg mL-1, suggesting a disturbance of lipid metabolism after exposure to sublethal levels of PFNA during oocyte maturation in vitro.
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15
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Tipton JJ, Guillette LJ, Lovelace S, Parrott BB, Rainwater TR, Reiner JL. Analysis of PFAAs in American alligators part 1: Concentrations in alligators harvested for consumption during South Carolina public hunts. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 61:24-30. [PMID: 29191311 PMCID: PMC6582648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination resulting from the production or release of harmful chemicals can lead to negative consequences for wildlife and human health. Perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) were historically produced as protective coatings for many household items and currently persist in the environment, wildlife, and humans. PFAAs have been linked to immune suppression, endocrine disruption, and developmental toxicity in wildlife and laboratory studies. This study examines the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, as an important indicator of ecosystem contamination and a potential pathway for PFAA exposure in humans. Alligator meat harvested in the 2015 South Carolina (SC) public hunt season and prepared for human consumption was collected and analyzed for PFAAs to determine meat concentrations and relationships with animal body size (total length), sex, and location of harvest. Of the 15 PFAAs analyzed, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was found in all alligator meat samples and at the highest concentrations (median 6.73ng/g). No relationship was found between PFAA concentrations and total length or sex. Concentrations of one or all compounds varied significantly across sampling locations, with alligators harvested in the Middle Coastal hunt unit having the highest PFOS concentrations (median 16.0ng/g; p=0.0001). Alligators harvested specifically from Berkley County, SC (located in the Middle Coastal hunt unit) had the highest PFOS concentrations and the greatest number of PFAAs detected (p<0.0001). The site-specific nature of PFAA concentrations in alligator meat observed in this study suggests a source of PFAA contamination in Berkley County, SC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis J Guillette
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Benjamin B Parrott
- University of Georgia, Odum School of Ecology, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Jackson, SC 29831, USA
| | - Thomas R Rainwater
- Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center & Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, P.O. Box 596, Georgetown, SC 29442, USA
| | - Jessica L Reiner
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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16
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Tipton JJ, Guillette LJ, Lovelace S, Parrott BB, Rainwater TR, Reiner JL. Analysis of PFAAs in American alligators part 2: Potential dietary exposure of South Carolina hunters from recreationally harvested alligator meat. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 61:31-38. [PMID: 29191313 PMCID: PMC6526952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) has been linked to many harmful health effects including reproductive disorders, developmental delays, and altered liver and kidney function. Most human exposure to environmental contaminants, including PFAAs, occurs through consumption of contaminated food or drinking water. This study uses PFAA data from meat samples collected from recreationally harvested American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in South Carolina to assess potential dietary exposure of hunters and their families to PFAAs. Consumption patterns were investigated using intercept surveys of 23 hunters at a wild game meat processor. An exposure scenario using the average consumption frequency, portion size, and median perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) concentration in alligator meat from all hunt units found the daily dietary exposure to be 2.11ng/kg body weight per day for an adult human. Dietary PFOS exposure scenarios based on location of harvest suggested the highest daily exposure occurs with alligator meat from the Middle Coastal hunt unit in South Carolina. Although no samples were found to exceed the recommended threshold for no consumption of PFOS found in Minnesota state guidelines, exposure to a mixture of PFAAs found in alligator meat and site-specific exposures based on harvest location should be considered in determining an appropriate guideline for vulnerable populations potentially exposed to PFAAs through consumption of wild alligator meat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis J Guillette
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Benjamin B Parrott
- University of Georgia, Odum School of Ecology, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Jackson, SC 29831, USA
| | - Thomas R Rainwater
- Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center & Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, P.O. Box 596, Georgetown, SC 29442, USA
| | - Jessica L Reiner
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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17
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Shi Y, Yang L, Li J, Lai J, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cord serum and association with growth indicators in newborns from Beijing. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:396-402. [PMID: 27886542 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), a group of environmental pollutants, persistently exist in the environment. To investigate the associations between PFASs levels in cord serum and birth weight, birth length and ponderal index, we measured PFASs in cord serum samples from 170 infants from Feb. 2012 to Jun. 2012 in Beijing, China. The mean concentrations in cord serum samples for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) were 1.285 ng/mL, 1.228 ng/mL, 0.230 ng/mL, 0.224 ng/mL, 0.100 ng/mL and 0.085 ng/mL, respectively. First-born children had slightly higher exposure levels of PFHxS (p < 0.001) and PFOA (p = 0.03) than second-born or third-born children. The spearman correlation coefficients with gestation time were individually 0.160 (p = 0.038) for PFHxS and 0.202 (p = 0.008) for PFOA. Both univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the exposure levels of PFASs had no statistically significant associations with birth weight, birth length or ponderal index in the present population. For male infants, we observed that PFHxS positively correlated with birth length, but the levels of PFUnA were negatively associated with birth length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7, Panjiayuannanli, 100021, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China; National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7, Panjiayuannanli, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7, Panjiayuannanli, 100021, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianqiang Lai
- National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7, Panjiayuannanli, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7, Panjiayuannanli, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No. 7, Panjiayuannanli, 100021, Beijing, China.
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18
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Delos Santos N, Azmat S, Cuenca Y, Drenth J, Lauper J, Tseng AS. Effects of the biocide methylisothiazolinone on Xenopus laevis wound healing and tail regeneration. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 181:37-45. [PMID: 27810491 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, has a strong history as a suitable model for environmental studies. Its embryos and transparent tadpoles are highly sensitive to the environment and their developmental processes are well described. It is also amenable for molecular studies. These characteristics enable its use for rapid identification and understanding of exposure-induced defects. To investigate the consequences of chemical exposure on aquatic animals, Xenopus laevis embryos and tadpoles were exposed to the biocide, methylisothiazolinone (MIT). Frog tadpoles exposed to MIT following tail amputation lost their natural regenerative ability. This inhibition of regeneration led to a failure to regrow tissues including the spinal cord, muscle, and notochord. This MIT-dependent regenerative defect is due to a failure to close the amputation wound. A wound healing assay revealed that while untreated embryos close their wounds within one day after injury, MIT-treated animals maintained open wounds that did not reduce in size and caused lethality. Concomitant exposure of MIT with chemicals containing thiol groups such as glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine restored normal wound healing and regeneration responses in tadpoles. Together these results indicate that exposure to MIT impairs developmental wound repair and tissue regeneration in Xenopus laevis. Thus, this study reveals new aspects of MIT activity and demonstrates that Xenopus laevis is a well-suited model for facilitating future research into chemical exposure effects on injury responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Delos Santos
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Summer Azmat
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Yesenia Cuenca
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Jessica Drenth
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Julia Lauper
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Ai-Sun Tseng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
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19
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Bodin J, Groeng EC, Andreassen M, Dirven H, Nygaard UC. Exposure to perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) accelerates insulitis development in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:664-672. [PMID: 28959590 PMCID: PMC5616085 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluoralkylated substances (PFAS) are classified as persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances and are widespread environmental contaminants. Humans are exposed through food, drinking water and air. We have previously reported that bisphenol A accelerates spontaneous diabetes development in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and observed in the present study that perfluoroundecanoic acid, PFUnDA, increased insulitis development, a prerequisite for diabetes development in NOD mice. We exposed NOD mice to PFUnDA in drinking water (3, 30 and 300 μg/l) at mating, during gestation and lactation and until 30 weeks of age. After 300 μg/l PFUnDA exposure, we report (i) increased pancreatic insulitis, (ii) increased number of apoptotic cells in pancreatic islets prior to insulitis and (iii) decreased phagocytosis in peritoneal macrophages. There was also a trend of decreased number of tissue resident macrophages in pancreatic islets prior to insulitis after exposure to 300 μg/l, and altered cytokine secretion in activated splenocytes after exposure to 3 μg/l PFUnDA. Although insulitis is a prerequisite for autoimmune diabetes, the accelerated insulitis was not associated with accelerated diabetes development. Instead, the incidence of diabetes tended to be reduced in the animals exposed to 3 and 30 μg/l PFUnDA, suggesting a non-monotonic dose response. The effects of PFUnDA exposure on increased apoptosis in pancreas and reduced macrophage function as well as accelerated insulitis development in NOD mice, may also be relevant for human insulitis. Further observational autoimmune diabetes clinical cohort studies and animal experiments for PFUnDA as well as other PFASs are therefore encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bodin
- Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Strong RJ, Halsall CJ, Ferenčík M, Jones KC, Shore RF, Martin FL. Biospectroscopy reveals the effect of varying water quality on tadpole tissues of the common frog (Rana temporaria). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:322-337. [PMID: 26925755 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians are undergoing large population declines in many regions around the world. As environmental pollution from both agricultural and urban sources has been implicated in such declines, there is a need for a biomonitoring approach to study potential impacts on this vulnerable class of organism. This study assessed the use of infrared (IR) spectroscopy as a tool to detect changes in several tissues (liver, muscle, kidney, heart and skin) of late-stage common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles collected from ponds with differing water quality. Small differences in spectral signatures were revealed between a rural agricultural pond and an urban pond receiving wastewater and landfill run-off; these were limited to the liver and heart, although large differences in body size were apparent, surprisingly with tadpoles from the urban site larger than those from the rural site. Large differences in liver spectra were found between tadpoles from the pesticide and nutrient impacted pond compared to the rural agricultural pond, particularly in regions associated with lipids. Liver mass and hepatosomatic indices were found to be significantly increased in tadpoles from the site impacted by pesticides and trace organic chemicals, suggestive of exposure to environmental contamination. Significant alterations were also found in muscle tissue between tadpoles from these two ponds in regions associated with glycogen, potentially indicative of a stress response. This study highlights the use of IR spectroscopy, a low-cost, rapid and reagent-free technique in the biomonitoring of a class of organisms susceptible to environmental degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Strong
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Crispin J Halsall
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - Martin Ferenčík
- Povodí Labe, státní podnik, Odbor vodohospodářských Laboratory (OVHL), Víta Nejedlého 951, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Richard F Shore
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Francis L Martin
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
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21
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Wen W, Xia X, Chen X, Wang H, Zhu B, Li H, Li Y. Bioconcentration of perfluoroalkyl substances by Chironomus plumosus larvae in water with different types of dissolved organic matters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:299-307. [PMID: 26925752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of four types of dissolved organic matters (DOM) on the bioconcentration of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Chironomus plumosus larvae have been studied. The PFASs included perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA), and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA). The DOM included humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), tannic acid (TA), and a protein, peptone (PEP), and their concentrations ranged from 0 to 50 mg L(-1). The results showed that, upon bioconcentration equilibrium, the body burdens of longer perfluoroalkyl chain PFASs (PFOS, PFDA, PFUnA and PFDoA) decreased with PEP and HA concentrations while increased with FA and TA concentrations. When FA and TA concentrations increased from 0 to 50 mg L(-1), body burdens of these PFASs increased by 7.5%-148.8% and 5.7%-37.1%, respectively. However, the DOM had no significant impact on the body burdens of shorter perfluoroalkyl chain PFASs (PFOA and PFNA). All of the four types of DOM lowered not only the uptake rate constants (ku) of PFASs due to the decrease of freely dissolved PFAS concentrations, but also the elimination rate constants (ke) due to the inhibition effect of DOM on the PFAS elimination from the larvae. The reduction in the two constants varied with both DOM and PFAS types. In the presence of PEP and HA with larger molecular weights, the ku values decreased more than ke, leading to the decreased body burdens of longer perfluoroalkyl chain PFASs. As for FA and TA with smaller molecular weights, the ke values decreased more than ku, resulting in increased body burdens of longer perfluoroalkyl chain PFASs. This study suggests that the effects of DOM on PFAS bioconcentration depend not only on the concentration but also on the molecule weight of DOM, which should be considered in the bioavailability assessment of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wen
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Baotong Zhu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Husheng Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing 100875, China
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Kim M, Park MS, Son J, Park I, Lee HK, Kim C, Min BH, Ryoo J, Choi KS, Lee DS, Lee HS. Perfluoroheptanoic acid affects amphibian embryogenesis by inducing the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1693-700. [PMID: 26459765 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are globally distributed synthetic compounds that are known to adversely affect human health. Developmental toxicity assessment of PFCs is important to facilitate the evaluation of their environmental impact. In the present study, we assessed the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of PFCs with different numbers of carbon atoms on Xenopus embryogenesis. An initial frog embryo teratogenicity assay-Xenopus (FETAX) assay was performed that identified perfluorohexanoic (PFHxA) and perfluoroheptanoic (PFHpA) acids as potential teratogens and developmental toxicants. The mechanism underlying this teratogenicity was also investigated by measuring the expression of tissue-specific biomarkers such as phosphotyrosine‑binding protein, xPTB (liver); NKX2.5 (heart); and Cyl18 (intestine). Whole‑mount in situ hybridization, reverse transcriptase‑polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and histologic analyses detected severe defects in the liver and heart following exposure to PFHxA or PFHpA. In addition, immunoblotting revealed that PFHpA significantly increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), while PFHxA slightly increased these, as compared with the control. These results suggest that PFHxA and PFHpA are developmental toxicants and teratogens, with PFHpA producing more severe effects on liver and heart development through the induction of ERK and JNK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Kim
- ABRC, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Seon Park
- Aquaculture Management Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Son
- ABRC, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Inji Park
- ABRC, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Lee
- ABRC, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chowon Kim
- ABRC, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hwa Min
- Aquaculture Management Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoong Ryoo
- ABRC, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Shik Choi
- ABRC, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- ABRC, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- ABRC, CMRI, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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23
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Characterization of ticlopidine-induced developmental and teratogenic defects in Xenopus embryos and human endothelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:172-8. [PMID: 26327247 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ticlopidine is an anti-platelet drug that inhibits platelet aggregation via the functional alteration of platelet membranes. However, the mechanism underlying the adverse developmental effects of ticlopidine has not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, we evaluated the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of ticlopidine on Xenopus laevis embryos and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using a frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX) and blood and lymph vessel formation assays. Ticlopidine induced teratogenicity and inhibited growth, as evidenced by mortality rates and embryo lengths, respectively. Moreover, ticlopidine induced severe hemorrhages and inhibited both blood and lymph vessel formation by modulating the expression of xMsr and Prox1 in Xenopus embryos. Additionally, Nkx2.5 and Cyl104 levels were perturbed by ticlopidine exposure, and more extensive aberrations were observed in the liver and heart using whole-mount in situ hybridization. In addition, ticlopidine reduced branching in HUVECs by blocking the effect of the angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results from this study suggest that ticlopidine is a developmental toxicant and teratogen and therefore this is a step forward in our understanding of the effects of ticlopidine during developmental processes.
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Spade DJ, McDonnell EV, Heger NE, Sanders JA, Saffarini CM, Gruppuso PA, De Paepe ME, Boekelheide K. Xenotransplantation models to study the effects of toxicants on human fetal tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 101:410-22. [PMID: 25477288 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases that manifest throughout the lifetime are influenced by factors affecting fetal development. Fetal exposure to xenobiotics, in particular, may influence the development of adult diseases. Established animal models provide systems for characterizing both developmental biology and developmental toxicology. However, animal model systems do not allow researchers to assess the mechanistic effects of toxicants on developing human tissue. Human fetal tissue xenotransplantation models have recently been implemented to provide human-relevant mechanistic data on the many tissue-level functions that may be affected by fetal exposure to toxicants. This review describes the development of human fetal tissue xenotransplant models for testis, prostate, lung, liver, and adipose tissue, aimed at studying the effects of xenobiotics on tissue development, including implications for testicular dysgenesis, prostate disease, lung disease, and metabolic syndrome. The mechanistic data obtained from these models can complement data from epidemiology, traditional animal models, and in vitro studies to quantify the risks of toxicant exposures during human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Spade
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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