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Wu T, Ding J, Zhong L, Sun HJ, Pang JW, Zhao L, Bai SW, Ren NQ, Yang SS. Sulfate-reducing ammonium oxidation: A promising novel process for nitrogen and sulfur removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 893:164997. [PMID: 37336410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate-reducing ammonium oxidation (sulfammox), a novel and promising process that has emerged in recent years, is essential to nitrogen and sulfur cycles and offers significant potential for the elimination of ammonium and sulfate. This review discussed the development of sulfammox process, the mechanism, characteristics of microbes, potential influencing factors, applicable bioreactors, and proposed the research needs and future perspective. The sulfammox process could be affected by many factors, such as the NH4+/SO42- ratio, carbon source, pH, and temperature. However, these potential influencing factors were only obtained based on what has been seen in papers studying related processes such as denitrification, sulfate-reduction, etc., and have to be further tested in bioreactors carrying out the sulfammox process in the future. Currently, sulfammox is predominantly used in granular activated carbon anaerobic fluidized beds, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors, anaerobic expanded granular bed reactors, rotating biological contact reactors, and moving bed biofilm reactors. In the future, the operating parameters of sulfammox should be further optimized to improve the processing performance, and the system can be further scaled up for actual wastewater treatment. In addition, the isolation, identification, and characterization of key functional microbes and the analysis of microbial interrelationships will also be focused on in future studies to enable an in-depth analysis of the sulfammox mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Le Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Han-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ji-Wei Pang
- China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group, CECEP Talroad Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100096, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shun-Wen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Zhang TT, Zhao QB, Wu XQ, Xu C, Zheng YM, Yu SS. Enhancing sulfate reduction and hydrogen sulfide removal through gas stripping in the acidogenesis phase of a two-phase anaerobic process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129381. [PMID: 37352992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at evaluating two-phase and single-phase reactors for treating sulfate wastewater with low COD/SO42- ratios. Additionally, a new process of gas stripping in an acidogenesis phase is proposed to reduce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) inhibition and enhance biomethanation. The two-phase performed better than the single-phase in terms of COD removal, CH4 production and H2S resistance. After 30 days of stripping, the COD and sulfate degradation rates increased from 85.16% to 91.09% and from 49.39% to 63.07% in the two-phase, respectively. In contrast, without stripping, they were from 79.21% to 64.37% and from 50.26% to 53.15% in the single-phase, respectively. The microbial biodiversity was augmented via stripping, including norank_f__Spirochaetaceae, Petrimonas, Desulfurella and Blvii28_wastewater-sludge_group. Stripping operation enhanced the dissimilatory sulfate reduction, amino acid metabolism and possibly sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonia oxidation (S-ANAMMOX). This study provides a promising strategy to improve sulfate reduction and reduce H2S inhibition under a low COD/SO42- ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quan-Bao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Ming Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng-Song Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Zhang X, Ma B, Zhang N, Zhang H, Ma Y, Song Y, Zhang H. Regulating performance of CANON process via adding external quorum sensing signal molecules in membrane bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128465. [PMID: 36503093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the regulation effect of the external quorum sensing signals, N-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone (C12-HSL) on CANON process were investigated in a membrane bioreactor. C12-HSL significantly enhanced the aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and improved the ammonia monooxygenase activity to 0.134 from 0.076 μg NO2--N mg-1 protein min-1, while suppressed anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and limited the TN removal to 0.07 from 0.22 kg m-3 d-1. Key enzymes synthesis were enhanced during the operation without C12-HSL addition, enabling the resistance of CANON system to high C12-HSL. As a result, the hydroxylamine oxidoreductase and nitrite reductase activity reached 35.9 EU g-1 SS and 1.28 μg NO2--N mg-1 protein min-1, respectively; Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia, with the abundance as 12.5 % and 22.9 %, cooperatively contributed to the TN removal, which maintained at 0.19 kg m-3 d-1. C12-HSL was profitable for aerobic ammonia oxidation, which could be adopted for regulating the nitrite production rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Bingbing Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yongpeng Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yali Song
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Zhang M, Gu J, Wang S, Liu Y. A mainstream anammox fixed-film membrane bioreactor with novel sandwich-structured carriers for fast start-up, effective sludge retention and membrane fouling mitigation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126370. [PMID: 34801720 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel sandwich-structured carriers were developed for fast immobilizing anammox sludge, with which a fixed-film membrane bioreactor was further established for treating municipal wastewater. Results showed that fast start-up of the fixed-film reactor with anammox bacteria could be achieved without lag phase, indicated by the respective nitrogen removal efficiency and rate of 70.58 ± 0.66% and 0.12 g N/(L·d). Meanwhile, low membrane fouling 0.0017 bar/hour was also observed. The activity of anammox sludge fixed in the novel carriers gradually stabilized at the level of 6.59 mg N/(g VSS·h), while Candidatus Kuenenia as the dominant anammox bacteria were enriched from the initial abundance of 15.16% to 39.12% after a long-term operation. Consequently, it was demonstrated that the sandwich-structured carriers developed in this study could offer a promising alternative for fast immobilization and start-up of mainstream anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Jun Gu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Siyu Wang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Zhang D, Cui L, Zhu H, Madani RMA, Liang J. Treatment performance and microbial community under ammonium sulphate wastewater in a sulphate reducing ammonium oxidation process. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:2982-2990. [PMID: 31969063 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1720305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory testing of simultaneous removal of ammonium and sulphate was studied from the sulphate reducing ammonium oxidation (SRAO) process in a circulating flow completely anaerobic bioreactor. Three different stages of starting SRAO process were studied, and final batch tests analysis of SRAO process was conducted. During the SRAO process, the influent concentrations of NH4+-N and SO42- were controlled to be 80-180 and 300-969 mg L-1 respectively. The highest removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and SO42--S were up to 94.80% and 52.57%. N/S [n(NH4+-N)/n(SO42--S)] conversion rates during the experiment had not been unified, which may be caused by the experiment's complex process. In order to further validate the biochemical interaction between ammonium and sulphate, batch tests were carried out. The extra electron acceptor, such as bicarbonate, was thought to react with ammonium by bacteria. The increase of NO3- production and HCO3- removal in the effluent indicated the occurrence of the new interaction between N-C. NH4+ was converted to NO2- and NO3-. Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were detected in the anaerobic cycle growth reactor. The conversion of SRAO was mainly caused by the high performance of Planctomycetes. These results showed that nitrogen was converted by the partial nitrifying process, the denitrification process, and the traditional anammox process simultaneously with the SRAO process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rayan M A Madani
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyan Liang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Zhou Q, Yang N, Zheng D, Zhang L, Tian C, Yang Q, Li D. Electrode-dependent ammonium oxidation with different low C/N ratios in single-chambered microbial electrolysis cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 142:107889. [PMID: 34329844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alternative method should be found to solve the ammonia accumulation in anaerobic digestion. Herein, electrode-dependent ammonium oxidation was successfully achieved in anaerobic single-chambered microbial electrolysis cells (MECs)under different low C/N ratios (0, 1, and 1.5), with an applied voltage of 0.6 V as well as an initial NH4+-N and NO3--N concentration of 500 and 300 mg/L. The nitrogen removal performance of MECs and the controls indicated that applying a voltage stimulated nitrogen removal under low C/N ratios of 0, 1, and 1.5. However, the remaining organic carbon in MEC with a relatively higher C/N ratio of 3 inhibited the ammonium oxidation. Current changes and cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that the bioanode with several bioelectrochemical activities could promote ammonium oxidation. The dominant genera Truepera, Aquamicrobium, Nitrosomonas, Arenimonas, Comamonas, and Cryobacterium enriched on both electrodes could be the key functional taxa in MECs with C/N ratios of 0, 1, and 1.5. The remaining sodium acetate in MEC with C/N ratio of 3 inhibits microbial community structure and relative abundance, which may adversely affected nitrogen removal. Further caculation showed that nitrogen balance was essentially achieved, while electron balance was disrupted since electrons may be consumed through NO3--N recycle and cell synthesis, and finally caused low coulombic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China; Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (BIOMA), Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Decong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingzhuoma Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daping Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Ma WJ, Li GF, Huang BC, Jin RC. Advances and challenges of mainstream nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater with anammox-based processes. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1899-1909. [PMID: 32306497 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a novel process of deammonification that exhibits superior ecological and economic potential compared to that of traditional heterotrophic processes. Although this process has been successfully implemented in treating high-strength nitrogen-contaminated wastewater, it still faces many challenges in treating mainstream municipal wastewater. This review aims to provide an overview of the status and challenges of mainstream anammox-based processes. The different configurations and crucial factors are discussed in this review. Finally, the future needs for feasible application are stated. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Factors restricting mainstream application of anammox-based processes are reviewed. Control strategies for selecting and maintaining anammox bacteria are discussed. Recent advances in nitrite production via partial nitrification or denitrification are summarized. Future needs for the feasible application of anammox-based nitrogen removal technology for mainstream municipal wastewater treatment are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Ma
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Feng Li
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Huang
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- Laboratory of Water Pollution Remediation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Lu J, Zhang Y, Wu J, Wang J. Nitrogen removal in recirculating aquaculture water with high dissolved oxygen conditions using the simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 305:123037. [PMID: 32105846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficient removal of nitrogen pollutants in the aquaculture systems is still a challenge due to the low concentration of organic carbon and high concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the wastewater. The simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) bioreactor was firstly used for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater in recirculating aquaculture system. The bioreactor operated for 180 days without adding extra organic carbon. After 60-day operation, the bioreactor reached the stable stage with the average concentration of ammonia/nitrate/nitrite/COD in the effluent with 0.26/0.75/0.47/0.27 mg/L. The Pseudoxanthomonas was the dominant genus in the biofilm samples. The typical nitrogen functional bacteria and genes for nitrification, anammox and denitrification were detected with different abundance in different procedures along the bioreactor. Network analysis revealed the significant correlations between nitrogen functional bacteria and genes. The SNAD bioreactor achieved the effective removal for nitrogen and COD under high DO conditions in recirculating aquaculture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, PR China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
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Zhang X, Liu X, Zhang M. Performance and microbial community of the CANON process in a sequencing batch membrane bioreactor with elevated COD/N ratios. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:138-147. [PMID: 32293597 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of elevated chemical oxygen demand/nitrogen (COD/N) ratios on nitrogen removal, production and composition of the extracellular polymer substances (EPS) and microbial community of a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal via nitrite (CANON) process were studied in a sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (SBMBR). The whole experiment was divided into two stages: the CANON stage (without organic matter in influent) and the simultaneous partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidation and denitrification (SNAD) stage (with organic matter in influent). When the inflow ammonia nitrogen was 420 mg/L and the COD/N ratio was no higher than 0.8, the addition of COD was helpful to the CANON process; the total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNE) was improved from approximately 65% to more than 75%, and the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) was improved from approximately 0.255 kgN/(m3·d) to approximately 0.278 kgN/(m3•d), while the TNE decreased to 60%, and the NRR decreased to 0.236 kgN/(m3•d) when the COD/N ratio was elevated to 1.0. For the EPS, the amounts of soluble EPS (SEPS) and loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) were both higher in the CANON stage than in the SNAD stage, while the amount of tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) in the SNAD stage was significantly higher due to the proliferation of heterotrophic bacteria. The metagenome sequencing technique was used to analyse the microbial community in the SBMBR. The results showed that the addition of COD altered the structure of the bacterial community in the SBMBR. The amounts of Candidatus 'Anammoxoglobus' of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AAOB) and Nitrosomonas of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) both decreased significantly, and Nitrospira of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was always in the reactor, although the amount changed slightly. A proliferation of denitrifiers related to the genera of Thauera, Dokdonella and Azospira was found in the SBMBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, China E-mail: ; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710064, China
| | - Xincong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, China E-mail:
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, China E-mail:
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Ma Y, Wei D, Zhang X, Fu H, Chen T, Jia J. An innovative strategy for inducing Anammox from partial nitrification process in a membrane bioreactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120809. [PMID: 31254790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) was an innovative process for nitrogen removal. In this study, CuO nanoparticles (NPs) was step-wise increasingly added to an MBR-based partial nitrification system, to investigate its feasibility for inducing Anammox and establishing autotrophic nitrogen removal system. Results showed that when CuO NPs was elevated to 5 mg L-1, Anammox was successfully induced. The relative abundance of Nitrosomonas reached 13.73% while Candidatus Kuenenia increased to 4.79% from 0.46%, these two bacteria cooperatively contributed to the autotrophic nitrogen removal and improved the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) to 0.56 kg m-3 d-1 in 20 mg L-1 NPs. However, 50 mg L-1 NPs deeply suppressed the functional bacteria and decreased NRR to 0.14 kg m-3 d-1. Finally, the NPs removal, transformation and adsorption in the system were evaluated. It was concluded that CuO NPs in low concentration (5 mg L-1) was effective for inducing Anammox and contributed to the survival of Anammox bacteria. The mechanism for inducing Anammox was attributed to the aggregation of CuO NPs which enabled the attached growth of AAOB as well as the suitable survival condition supplied by MBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Denghui Wei
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Haoqiang Fu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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11
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Zhang D, Cui L, Madani RMA, Wang H, Zhu H, Liang J. Effect of nitrite and nitrate on sulfate reducing ammonium oxidation. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 80:634-643. [PMID: 31661442 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nitrite and nitrate on the integration of ammonium oxidization and sulfate reduction were investigated in a self-designed reactor with an effective volume of 5 L. An experimental study indicated that the ammonium oxidization and sulfate reduction efficiencies were increased in the presence of nitrite and nitrate. Studies showed that a decreasing proportion of N/S in the presence of NO2 - at 30 mg·L-1 would lead to high removal efficiencies of NH4 +-N and SO4 2--S of up to 78.13% and 46.72%, respectively. On the other hand, NO3 - was produced at approximately 26.89 mg·L-1. Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes and Nitrospirae were detected in the anaerobic cycle growth reactor. Proteobacteria was identified as the dominant functional bacteria removing nitrogen in the reactor. The nitritation reaction could promote the sulfate-reducing ammonium oxidation (SRAO) process. NH4 + was converted to NO2 and other intermediates, for which the electron acceptor was SO4 2-. These results showed that nitrogen was converted by the nitrification process, the denitrification process, and the traditional anammox process simultaneously with the SRAO process. The sulfur-based autotrophic denitration and denitrification in the reactor were caused by the influent nitrite and nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Rayan M A Madani
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Jiyan Liang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
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12
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Zhang D, Cui L, Wang H, Liang J. Study of sulfate-reducing ammonium oxidation process and its microbial community composition. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:137-144. [PMID: 30816870 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the simultaneous removal of ammonium and sulfate was detected in a self-designed circulating flow reactor, in which ammonium oxidization was combined with sulfate reduction. The highest removal efficiencies of NH4 +-N and SO4 2-S were 92% and 59.2%. NO2 - and NO3 - appeared in the effluent, and experimental studies showed that increasing the proportion of N/S in the influent would increase the NO2 - concentration in the effluent. However, N/S [n(NH4 +-N)/n(SO4 2-S)] conversion rates during the experiment were between 2.1 and 12.9, which may have been caused by the experiment's complex process. The microbial community in the sludge reactor included Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Chlorobi, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes after 187 days of operation. Proteobacteria bacteria had a more versatile metabolism. The sulfate-reducing ammonium oxidation (SRAO) was mainly due to the high performance of Proteobacteria. Nitrospirae has been identified as the dominant functional bacteria in several anammox reactors used for nitrogen removal. Approximately 12.4% of denitrifying bacteria were found in the sludge. These results show that a portion of the nitrogen was converted by nitrification-denitrification, and that traditional anammox proceeds simultaneously with SRAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
| | - Jiyan Liang
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China E-mail:
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13
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Yue X, Liu Z, Yu G, Li Q, Tang J. Performance and microbial community of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process with a submerged aerated biological filter. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:515-522. [PMID: 30207993 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stable performance is a technical problem in the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process with one single stage, which needs to be addressed. In the current work, a laboratory-scale submerged aerated biological filter (SABF) with a 3-L working volume was introduced into the CANON process to enhance its stable performance for 290 days under the following conditions: temperature of 30 ± 1 °C and dissolved oxygen (DO) level of 0.2-0.8 mg·L-1. The results showed that the average ammonium nitrogen removal efficiencies (ANRE) and total nitrogen removal efficiencies (TNRE) were 97.4% and 75.7%, respectively. A 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology confirmed the phyla Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes as the ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) of this CANON process with SABF, respectively. The major contributor to nitrogen removal was the genus Candidatus Brocadia, in Brocadiae. The aim is to present an effective strategy as a reference for the design of full-scale plant for the CANON process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Yue
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China E-mail:
| | - Zhuhan Liu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China E-mail:
| | - Guangping Yu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China E-mail:
| | - Qianhua Li
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China E-mail:
| | - Jiali Tang
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China E-mail:
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14
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Yue X, Yu G, Liu Z, Lu Y, Li Q. Start-up of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process with a submerged aerated biological filter and the effect of inorganic carbon on nitrogen removal and microbial activity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 254:347-352. [PMID: 29395740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Good start-up and performance are essential for the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process, and inorganic carbon (IC) is also important for this process. In this study, a lab-scale submerged aerated biological filter (SABF) was adopted for the CANON process. A 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the phyla Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes were the dominant microorganisms and that the genus Candidatus Brocadia functioned as the nitrogen remover. The effect of IC on the nitrogen removal was analyzed. The results showed that the optimum concentration ratio of IC to nitrogen (IC/N) was 1.2, which produced the highest average ammonium nitrogen removal rate (ANR) and total nitrogen removal rate (TNR) values of 95.5% and 80.3%, respectively. The average AOB and AnAOB activities were 2.45 mg·L-1·h-1 and 3.57 mg·L-1·h-1, respectively. This research could promote the nitrogen removal ability of the CANON process with a SABF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Yue
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | - Guangping Yu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhuhan Liu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yuqian Lu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Qianhua Li
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
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15
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Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Zhang N, Zhao S, Zhang R, Zhang J, Zhang H. Effect of inorganic carbon concentration on the stability and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria community structure of the CANON process in a membrane bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:457-463. [PMID: 28327080 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1302996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process, the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) should be effectively suppressed or thoroughly washed out. In this study, the nitrate production and the structure of NOB community under different inorganic carbon (IC) concentrations were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR). Results showed that IC decrease correspondingly lowered the nitrogen removal, and simultaneously induced the nitrate production by NOB. DGGE results indicated the IC deficit led to the biodiversity increasing of both Nitrobacter-like NOB and Nitrospira-like NOB. An equation fitted between the ratio of nitrate production to ammonia consumption ([Formula: see text]) and the ratio of influent IC to ammonia concentration ([Formula: see text]) indicated the influent [Formula: see text] should be controlled between 1.6 and 2.3 to ensure the stable operation of the CANON process. A small amount addition of organic material could be used as an effective strategy to suppress NOB when the [Formula: see text] ratio was not appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- a Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- a Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongpeng Ma
- a Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- a Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- a Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- a Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- a Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- a Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering , Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China
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Mi W, Zhao J, Ding X, Ge G, Zhao R. Treatment performance, nitrous oxide production and microbial community under low-ammonium wastewater in a CANON process. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:3468-3477. [PMID: 29236025 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the characteristics of anaerobic ammonia oxidation for treating low-ammonium wastewater, a continuous-flow completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) biofilm reactor was studied. At a temperature of 32 ± 1 °C and a pH between 7.5 and 8.2, two operational experiments were performed: the first one fixed the hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 10 h and gradually reduced the influent ammonium concentrations from 210 to 50 mg L-1; the second one fixed the influent ammonium concentration at 30 mg L-1 and gradually decreased the HRT from 10 to 3 h. The results revealed that the total nitrogen removal efficiency exceeded 80%, with a corresponding total nitrogen removal rate of 0.26 ± 0.01 kg N m-3 d-1 at the final low ammonium concentration of 30 mg L-1. Small amounts of nitrous oxide (N2O) up to 0.015 ± 0.004 kg m-3 d-1 at the ammonium concentration of 210 mg L-1 were produced in the CANON process and decreased with the decrease in the influent ammonium loads. High-throughput pyrosequencing analysis indicated that the dominant functional bacteria 'Candidatus Kuenenia' under high influent ammonium levels were gradually succeeded by Armatimonadetes_gp5 under low influent ammonium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Mi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710064, China E-mail:
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710064, China E-mail: ; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710064, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710064, China E-mail: ; School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanghuan Ge
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710064, China E-mail:
| | - Rixiang Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710064, China E-mail:
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17
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Rivadeneyra MA, Rivadeneyra A, Martin-Ramos D, Vahala R, Gonzalez-Lopez J. 16S rRNA gene-based characterization of bacteria potentially associated with phosphate and carbonate precipitation from a granular autotrophic nitrogen removal bioreactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:817-829. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Zhang Z, Liu S, Miyoshi T, Matsuyama H, Ni J. Mitigated membrane fouling of anammox membrane bioreactor by microbiological immobilization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 201:312-318. [PMID: 26687491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, membrane fouling behavior of anammox MBR with or without carriers made by magnetic porous carbon microspheres was investigated. The results show that Trans Membrane Pressure was an order of magnitude lower after 50days due to use of carriers, which did not directly contact with membrane surface. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis indicates that abundance of anammox bacteria formed biofilm on membrane surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with amino acids contents analysis for membrane surface deposition show that metabolite released by anammox bacteria contains more hydrophobic groups than hydrophilic, which was considered as important reason for its abundant existence on hydrophobic membrane surface. Microbiological immobilization not only reduces biological membrane fouling, but also mitigates organic fouling including organic matter containing COO, hydrophobic groups (CH3, CH2 and CH etc), as well as inorganic deposition. Our finding provides an effective method for mitigating MBR membrane fouling in anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuotao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Taro Miyoshi
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideto Matsuyama
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jinren Ni
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
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19
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Zhang X, Yu B, Zhang N, Zhang H, Wang C, Zhang H. Effect of inorganic carbon on nitrogen removal and microbial communities of CANON process in a membrane bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 202:113-118. [PMID: 26706724 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a membrane bioreactor (MBR) was adopted for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process. Inorganic carbon (IC) was step-wise decreased to analyze the IC influence on nitrogen removal and microbial communities, finally IC was elevated to study its recovery capability. The bioactivities of functional organisms were detected by batch experiments. Results showed that the bioactivity and biodiversity of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AAOB) both decreased due to the IC shortage, while nitrite-oxidizing bacteria bioactivity showed a contrary result. When the concentration ratio of IC to nitrogen (IC/N) decreased to 1.0, the nitrogen removal sharply deteriorated, which then recovered when the ratio increased to 2.5. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis results showed that Nitrosomonas sp. of AOB and Candidatus Brocadia fulgida of AAOB could survive in the condition of IC deficit. The prominent IC/N ratio for high-rate and stable CANON was between 1.5-2.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haojing Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 166, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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20
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Deng Y, Zhang X, Miao Y, Hu B. Exploration of rapid start-up of the CANON process from activated sludge inoculum in a sequencing biofilm batch reactor (SBBR). WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:535-542. [PMID: 26877035 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a laboratory-scale sequencing biofilm batch reactor (SBBR) was employed to explore a fast start-up of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process. Partial nitrification was achieved by controlling free ammonia concentration and operating at above 30 °C; then the reactor was immediately operated with alternating periods of aerobiosis and anaerobiosis to start the anammox process. The CANON process was successfully achieved in less than 50 d, and the total-nitrogen removal efficiency and the nitrogen removal rate were 81% and 0.14 kg-N m(-3) d(-1) respectively. Afterwards, with the increasing of ammonium loading rate a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 0.39 kg-N m(-3) d(-1) was achieved on day 94. DNA analysis showed that 'Candidatus Brocadia' was the dominant anammox species and Nitrosomonas was the dominant aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the CANON reactor. This study revealed that due to shortening the persistent and stable nitrite accumulation period the long start-up time of the CANON process can be significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Deng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang' an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China E-mail: ; Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Chang' an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang' an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China E-mail:
| | - Ying Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang' an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China E-mail:
| | - Bo Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang' an University, The middle section of the south 2nd ring road, 710064 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China E-mail:
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Zhang X, Li D, Liang Y, Zhang J. Reactor performance and microbial characteristics of CANON process with step-wise increasing of C/N ratio. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:407-414. [PMID: 26227374 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1070921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the nitrogen removal performance and microbial characteristics of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process was investigated with a step-wise increasing of C/N ratio (0.5, 1, 2 and 4) in a membrane bioreactor. The microbial distribution of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic AOB (AAOB) was analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results showed that the denitrification ratio rose up correspondingly with the increase of influent C/N, and nitrogen removal rate (NRR) reached the maximum when C/N was 1 due to the harmonious work of denitrification and CANON. However, NRR decreased when influent C/N was more than 2. The threshold C/N ratio of CANON process was 2.2; so the sewage with a high C/N ratio should be pretreated by combining with pre-oxidation of organics or anaerobic-energy-producing process. FISH results showed decreasing numbers of both AOB and AAOB with the addition of organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- a Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration , School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- b Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhai Liang
- b Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- b Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , People's Republic of China
- c State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090 , People's Republic of China
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Zhang X, Zhang H, Ye C, Wei M, Du J. Effect of COD/N ratio on nitrogen removal and microbial communities of CANON process in membrane bioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 189:302-308. [PMID: 25898093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of COD/N ratio on completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process was investigated in five identical membrane bioreactors. The five reactors were simultaneously seeded for 1L CANON sludge and be operated for more than two months under same conditions, with influent COD/N ratio of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4, respectively. DGGE was used to analyze the microbial communities of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AAOB) in five reactors. Results revealed the harmonious work of CANON and denitrification with low COD concentration, whereas too high COD concentration suppressed both AOB and AAOB. AOB and AAOB biodiversity both decreased with COD increasing, which then led to worse nitrogen removal. The suppressing threshold of COD/N ratio for CANON was 1.7. CANON was feasible for treating low COD/N sewage, while the high sewage should be converted by anaerobic biogas producing process in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Changming Ye
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingbao Wei
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Zhao J, Zuo J, Lin J, Li P. The performance of a combined nitritation-anammox reactor treating anaerobic digestion supernatant under various C/N ratios. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 30:207-214. [PMID: 25872729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A combined nitritation-anammox reactor was developed to treat the digestion supernatant under various C/N ratios. Due to the difficulties for heterotroph to utilize the refractory organics, the reactor presented relatively stable performance with increasing supernatant addition. Nevertheless, the adverse effects of supernatant would accumulate during the long-term operation and thus weakened the activity and shock resistance of microbes, which further led to the gradual decrease of reactor performance after 92 days' operation. Under this circumstance, supernatant with volatile fatty acids (VFAs) residuals was further introduced into the reactor to investigate the performance of combined nitritation-anammox process with VFA addition. With the appearance of VFAs, the nitrogen removal performance gradually restored and the reactor finally achieved stable and efficient performance with C/N ratio of 0.35. The VFA residuals within 150 mg/L in the supernatant served as the extra electron donors and stimulated the heterotrophic denitrification process, which was vital for the enhancement of reactor. The nitrogen removal rate and total nitrogen removal efficiency reached 0.49 kg N/(m3·day) and 88.8% after 140 days' operation, respectively. The combined nitritation-anammox reactor was proved suitable to treat digestion supernatant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiane Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jia Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Liang Y, Li D, Zhang X, Zeng H, Zhang J. Performance and influence factors of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process in a biofilter packed with volcanic rocks. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:946-952. [PMID: 25253448 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.969327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process was considered as one of the most efficient and economical nitrogen removal processes, which was suitable for treating wastewater with low ratio of carbon to nitrogen. In this study, an enlarging start-up strategy for CANON process was proposed, and a 40-L CANON reactor was successfully started by seeding 2-L mature biofilm containing both aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB). The effects of dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia loading rate and the ratio of air inflow to water inflow (Qair/Qwater) on nitrogen removal performance were investigated. The distribution of AerAOB and AnAOB was analysed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. The system reached a maximum NRR of 3.11 kg N m(-3) d(-1) with a removal efficiency of 89.5%, and the average value in steady state was 2.42±0.26 and (83.07 ± 6.89)%, respectively. Analysis of influence factors showed the important role of high DO (around 5 mg L(-1)), for the high-rate nitrogen removal, and the Qair/Qwater should be controlled at 28-40 for stable operation. FISH results suggested that AerAOB and AnAOB predominated in the reactor, with proportions of 46.8% and 39.3%, respectively. This study demonstrated that the biofilter operated with high effluent DO was a feasible setup for CANON process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Liang
- a Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , People's Republic of China
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Xu J, Vujic T, Deshusses MA. Nitrification of anaerobic digester effluent for nitrogen management at swine farms. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:708-714. [PMID: 25461938 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digester effluent collected from a swine farm was nitrified in lab-scale bioreactors mimicking an innovative manure management system to understand factors relevant to a successful start-up. The effects of digester effluent strength, aeration time, nitrifying sludge inoculation, and initial pH control on the startup of the nitrification system were investigated. The results showed that initial NH4+-N concentrations higher than 800 mg L−1 could severely inhibit the onset of nitrification if relying on native bacterial populations. When aeration time was increased from 4 to 12 h d−1, ammonium oxidation occurred earlier, but nitrite oxidation was delayed. However, the delay was not observed when bioaugmentation with nitrifying sludge was conducted. Initial addition of acid for pH control was unsuccessful as initial depletion of alkalinity eventually resulted in self-inhibition of nitrification cause by decreasing pH over time. Overall, these results provide guidance on how to effectively start large-scale innovative animal waste treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiele Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Box 90287, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0287, USA
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Liang Y, Li D, Zhang X, Zeng H, Yang Z, Zhang J. Microbial characteristics and nitrogen removal of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process treating low C/N ratio sewage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:103-109. [PMID: 25036337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process was successfully realized for treating low C/N ratio sewage, nitrogen and COD removal achieved to 3.26 kg m(-3) d(-1), 81%, respectively. The nitrogen removal performance, microbial community and distribution of the functional microorganisms were investigated. Results suggested that the presence of COD performed activity inhibition on both aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), and led to the number decreasing of both AerAOB and AnAOB. Even though COD presence resulted in the biodiversity increasing of AerAOB and decreasing of AnAOB, the dominant species were always Nitrosomonas and Candidatus brocadia during the whole experiment. Clone-sequencing of 16S rRNA results suggested the emergence of five different denitrifying species, which then led to a higher nitrogen removal. Results in this study demonstrated that the applied start-up strategy was feasible for SNAD process treating low C/N ratio sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Huiping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Zhang X, Li D, Liang Y, Zeng H, He Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Performance and microbial community of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process in two membrane bioreactors (MBR) fed with different substrate levels. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 152:185-191. [PMID: 24291319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To study the influence of substrate on completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process, two membrane bioreactors (MBR) with identical setup but fed with different substrate levels (R1 with low ammonia, R2 with high ammonia), were adopted in this study. The nitrogen removal performance, bioactivity, biodiversity and distribution of the functional microorganisms in two reactors were investigated. Both the aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) in R2 showed higher bioactivity than those in R1, while nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) showed the contrary result. Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis were detected as predominant functional microbes in the two reactors while Nitrobacter only existed in R1. High influent ammonia possibly led to the higher biodiversity of AerAOB and the more densely packed distribution. Meanwhile, this study has demonstrated the feasibility of increasing ammonia for rapid start-up, and decreasing HRT for high-rate nitrogen removal in CANON process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Yuhai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Huiping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongping He
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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