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Zheng X, Lin H, Du D, Li G, Alam O, Cheng Z, Liu X, Jiang S, Li J. Remediation of heavy metals polluted soil environment: A critical review on biological approaches. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 284:116883. [PMID: 39173222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) pollution is a globally emerging concern. It is difficult to cost-effectively combat such HMs polluted soil environments. The efficient remediation of HMs polluted soil is crucial to protect human health and ecological security that could be carried out by several methods. Amidst, biological remediation is the most affordable and ecological. This review focused on the principles, mechanisms, performances, and influential factors in bioremediation of HMs polluted soil. In microbial remediation, microbes can alter metallic compounds in soils. They transform these compounds into their metabolism through biosorption and bioprecipitation. The secreted microbial enzymes act as transformers and assist in HMs immobilization. The synergistic microbial effect can further improve HMs removal. In bioleaching, the microbial activity can simultaneously produce H2SO4 or organic acids and leach HMs. The production of acids and the metabolism of bacteria and fungi transform metallic compounds to soluble and extractable form. The key bioleaching mechanisms are acidolysis, complexolysis, redoxolysis and bioaccumulation. In phytoremediation, hyperaccumulator plants and their rhizospheric microbes absorb HMs by roots through absorption, cation exchange, filtration, and chemical changes. Then they exert different detoxification mechanisms. The detoxified HMs are then transferred and accumulated in their harvestable tissues. Plant growth-promoting bacteria can promote phytoremediation efficiency; however, use of chelants have adverse effects. There are some other biological methods for the remediation of HMs polluted soil environment that are not extensively practiced. Finally, the findings of this review will assist the practitioners and researchers to select the appropriate bioremediation approach for a specific soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zheng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- Jiangsu Xianghe Agricultural Development Co. LTD, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222048, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Jingjiang College, Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guanlin Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ohidul Alam
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Jiangsu Xianghe Agricultural Development Co. LTD, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222048, China
| | - Xinlin Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
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Varshney S, Bhattacharya A, Gupta A. Halo-alkaliphilic microbes as an effective tool for heavy metal pollution abatement and resource recovery: challenges and future prospects. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:400. [PMID: 37982082 PMCID: PMC10651602 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study presents an overview of heavy metals bioremediation from halo-alkaline conditions by using extremophilic microorganisms. Heavy metal remediation from the extreme environment with high pH and elevated salt concentration is a challenge as mesophilic microorganisms are unable to thrive under these polyextremophilic conditions. Thus, for effective bioremediation of extreme systems, specialized microbes (extremophiles) are projected as potential bioremediating agents, that not only thrive under such extreme conditions but are also capable of remediating heavy metals from these environments. The physiological versatility of extremophiles especially halophiles and alkaliphiles and their enzymes (extremozymes) could conveniently be harnessed to remediate and detoxify heavy metals from the high alkaline saline environment. Bibliometric analysis has shown that research in this direction has found pace in recent years and thus this review is a timely attempt to highlight the importance of halo-alkaliphiles for effective contaminant removal in extreme conditions. Also, this review systematically presents insights on adaptive measures utilized by extremophiles to cope with harsh environments and outlines the role of extremophilic microbes in industrial wastewater treatment and recovery of metals from waste with relevant examples. Further, the major challenges and way forward for the effective applicability of halo-alkaliphilic microbes in heavy metals bioremediation from extremophilic conditions are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Varshney
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078 India
| | - Amrik Bhattacharya
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz-Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313 India
| | - Anshu Gupta
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector-16C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078 India
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Funari V, Toller S, Vitale L, Santos RM, Gomes HI. Urban mining of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residues with emphasis on bioleaching technologies: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:59128-59150. [PMID: 37041362 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Metals are essential in our daily lives and have a finite supply, being simultaneously contaminants of concern. The current carbon emissions and environmental impact of mining are untenable. We need to reclaim metals sustainably from secondary resources, like waste. Biotechnology can be applied in metal recovery from waste streams like fly ashes and bottom ashes of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). They represent substantial substance flows, with roughly 46 million tons of MSWI ashes produced annually globally, equivalent in elemental richness to low-grade ores for metal recovery. Next-generation methods for resource recovery, as in particular bioleaching, give the opportunity to recover critical materials and metals, appropriately purified for noble applications, in waste treatment chains inspired by circular economy thinking. In this critical review, we can identify three main lines of discussion: (1) MSWI material characterization and related environmental issues; (2) currently available processes for recycling and metal recovery; and (3) microbially assisted processes for potential recycling and metal recovery. Research trends are chiefly oriented to the potential exploitation of bioprocesses in the industry. Biotechnology for resource recovery shows increasing effectiveness especially downstream the production chains, i.e., in the waste management sector. Therefore, this critical discussion will help assessing the industrial potential of biotechnology for urban mining of municipal, post-combustion waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Funari
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR-CNR), Department of Earth System Sciences and Environmental Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna Research Area, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Simone Toller
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR-CNR), Department of Earth System Sciences and Environmental Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Bologna Research Area, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Life and Environmental Sustainability Sciences (SCVSA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 17/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Vitale
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rafael M Santos
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Thornbrough Building, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Helena I Gomes
- Food, Water, Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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El-Liethy MA, Hemdan BA, El-Taweel GE. New insights for tracking bacterial community structures in industrial wastewater from textile factories to surface water using phenotypic, 16S rRNA isolates identifications and high-throughput sequencing. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106806. [PMID: 36574894 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater can possibly change the microbial ecological environment. There are few studies that focus on the bacterial variety in textile wastewater effluents and after combination with domestic wastewater. Thus, this study aimed to determine dye degrading bacteria from textile wastewater and environmental water samples using cultural method followed by phenotypic using BIOLOG and genotypic identification (16S rRNA) for dye degrading isolates identifications. Moreover, the bacterial communities in three textile and four environmental samples using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing were investigated. The findings revealed that in textile water samples, the ratio of dye-degrading bacteria (DDB) to total bacterial counts (TBC) was 27%. The identified DDB genera by 16S rRNA based on the cultural approach were Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Aeromonas spp. Regarding to the metagenomics analyses, the environmental samples had 5,598 Operational Toxanomic Units (OTUs) more than textile wastewater samples (1,463 OTUs). Additionally, the most abundant phyla in the textile wastewater were Proteobacteria (24.45-94.83%), Bacteriodetes (0.5-44.84%) and Firmicutes (3.72-67.40%), while, Proteobacteria (30.8-76.3%), bacteroidetes (8.5-50%) and Acentobacteria (0.5-23.12%) were the most abundant phyla in the environmental samples. The maximum abundant bacteria at species level in environmental samples were Aquabacterium parvum (36.71%), Delftia tsuruhatensis (17.61%), Parabacteriodes chartae (15.39%) and Methylorubrum populi (7.51%) in El-Rahawy Drain water (RDW), River Nile water (RNW), wastewater (RWW) from WWTP in Zennin and El-Rahawy Drain sediment (RDS), respectively, whereas the maximum abundant bacteria at species level in textile wastewater were Alkalibacterium pelagium (34.11%), Enterobacter kobei (26.09%) and Chryseobacterium montanum (16.93%) in factory 1 (HBT) sample, SHB sample (before mixing with domestic wastewater) and SHB sample (after mixing with domestic wastewater), respectively. In conclusion, the microbial communities in textile wastewaters are similar to those in environmental samples at the phylum level but distinct at the genus and species levels because they are exposed to a wider range of environmental circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Azab El-Liethy
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Bahaa A Hemdan
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Gamila E El-Taweel
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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M S, N RP, Rajendrasozhan S. Bacterial redox response factors in the management of environmental oxidative stress. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:11. [PMID: 36369499 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria evolved to survive in the available environmental chemosphere via several cellular mechanisms. A rich pool of antioxidants and stress regulators plays a significant role in the survival of bacteria in unfavorable environmental conditions. Most of the microbes exhibit resistant phenomena in toxic environment niches. Naturally, bacteria possess efficient thioredoxin reductase, glutaredoxin, and peroxiredoxin redox systems to handle environmental oxidative stress. Further, an array of transcriptional regulators senses the oxidative stress conditions. Transcription regulators, such as OxyR, SoxRS, PerR, UspA, SsrB, MarA, OhrR, SarZ, etc., sense and transduce bacterial oxidative stress responses. The redox-sensitive transcription regulators continuously recycle the utilized antioxidant enzymes during oxidative stress. These regulators promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxides that overcome oxidative insults. Therefore, the transcriptional regulations maintain steady-state activities of antioxidant enzymes representing the resistance against host cell/environmental oxidative insults. Further, the redox system provides reducing equivalents to synthesize biomolecules, thereby contributing to cellular repair mechanisms. The inactive transcriptional regulators in the undisturbed cells are activated by oxidative stress. The oxidized transcriptional regulators modulate the expression of antioxidant and cellular repair enzymes to survive in extreme environmental conditions. Therefore, targeting these antioxidant systems and response regulators could alter cellular redox homeostasis. This review presents the mechanisms of different redox systems that favor bacterial survival in extreme environmental oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharsan M
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad N
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India.
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Jiang X, Zhao Y, Yan J. Disposal technology and new progress for dioxins and heavy metals in fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119878. [PMID: 35944780 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Incineration has gradually become the most effective way to deal with MSW due to its obvious volume reduction and weight reduction effects. However, since heavy metals and organic pollutants carried by municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (MSWI FA) pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health, they need to be handled carefully. In this study, the current status of MSWI FA disposal was first reviewed, and the harmless and resourceful disposal technologies of heavy metals and organic pollutants in MSWI FA are summarized as well. A summary of the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, including sintering, melting/vitrification, hydrothermal treatment, mechanochemistry, solidification/stabilization of MSWI FA, is compared. Finally, the research work that needs to be strengthened in the future (such as codisposal of multiple wastes, long-term stability research of disposal products, etc.) was proposed. Through comprehensive analysis, some reasonable and feasible suggestions were provided for the effective and safe disposal of MSWI FA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- Power China Hebei Electric Power Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd. D, No. 6 Jianhua North St., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, PR China
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7
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Basbas C, Aly S, Okello E, Karle BM, Lehenbauer T, Williams D, Ganda E, Wiedmann M, Pereira RV. Effect of Intramammary Dry Cow Antimicrobial Treatment on Fresh Cow's Milk Microbiota in California Commercial Dairies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:963. [PMID: 35884217 PMCID: PMC9312063 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used 16S rRNA sequencing to evaluate the effects of dry cow antimicrobial therapy on the udder milk microbiota by comparing the microbial populations in milk at dry-off (DRY) (~60 days before calving) and post-partum (FRESH) (4-11 days after calving) from cows receiving an intramammary antibiotic infusion prior to dry-off (IMT) and cows that did not receive treatment (CTL). Milk was collected from 23 cows from the IMT group and 27 cows from the CTL group. IMT and DRY samples had a greater correlation with the genera Brevibacterium and Amaricoccus, and the family Micrococcaceae, when compared to IMT and FRESH samples. CTL group samples collected at DRY had a greater correlation with the genera Akkermansia and Syntrophus, when compared to FRESH samples; no bacterial taxa were observed to have a significant correlation with FRESH samples in the CTL group. DRY samples collected from the CTL group had a greater correlation with the genus Mogibacterium when compared to IMT and CTL samples. For DRY samples collected from the IMT group, a greater correlation with the genus Alkalibacterium when compared to DRY and CTL samples, was observed. The lack of a correlation for FRESH samples between the CTL and IMT treatment groups indicated that intramammary antimicrobial dry cow therapy had no significant effect on the udder milk microbiota post-partum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Basbas
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (T.L.)
| | - Sharif Aly
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (T.L.)
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA;
| | - Emmanuel Okello
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (T.L.)
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA;
| | - Betsy M. Karle
- Cooperative Extension, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Orland, CA 95963, USA;
| | - Terry Lehenbauer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (T.L.)
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA;
| | - Deniece Williams
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA;
| | - Erika Ganda
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (E.G.); (M.W.)
- Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (E.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Richard V. Pereira
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.); (S.A.); (E.O.); (T.L.)
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Li Y, Li L, Han Y, Shi J, He J, Cheng S, Liu H, Zhang B. Soil indigenous microorganisms alleviate soluble vanadium release from industrial dusts. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128837. [PMID: 35427972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium-bearing dusts from industrial processes release abundant toxic vanadium, posing imminent ecological and human health concerns. Although the precipitation of these dusts has been recognized as the main source of soil vanadium pollution, little is known regarding the interrelationships between industrial dusts and soil inherent compositions. In this study, the interactions between dusts from vanadium smelting and soil indigenous microorganisms were investigated. Soluble vanadium (V) [V(V)] released from industrial dusts was reduced by 41.5 ± 0.39% with soil addition, compared to water leaching. Reducible fraction accounted for the highest proportion (55.1 ± 1.73%) of vanadium speciation in the resultant soils, while residual vanadium fraction increased to 83.7 ± 3.22% in the leached dusts. Functional genera (e.g., Aliihoeflea, Actinotalea) that transformed V(V) to insoluble vanadium (IV) alleviated dissolved vanadium release. Nitrate/nitrite reduction and glutathione metabolisms contributed to V(V) immobilization primarily. Structural equation model analysis indicated that V(V) reducers had significant negative impacts on soluble V(V) in the leachate. This first-attempt study highlights the importance of soil microorganisms in immobilizing vanadium from industrial dusts, which is helpful to develop novel strategies to reduce their environmental risks associated to vanadium smelting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi'na Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Liuliu Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yawei Han
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jinxi He
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shu Cheng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Shen W, Zhu N, Xi Y, Huang J, Li F, Wu P, Dang Z. Effects of medical waste incineration fly ash on the promotion of heavy metal chlorination volatilization from incineration residues. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:128037. [PMID: 34906873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High contents of heavy metals and Cl are major challenges for incineration residue disposal. Classification by the Chinese government and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic have changed the characteristics of incineration residues, thereby increasing the difficulty of disposal. In this study, medical waste incineration fly ash (MWI FA) was proposed as an additive to promote chlorination volatilization of heavy metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) and medical waste incineration slag (MWI S). When the mixing ratio of MWI FA to MSWI FA was 1:3, the chlorination volatilization efficiencies of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd at 1000 °C for 60 min were 50.2%, 99.4%, 99.7%, and 97.9%, respectively. When MWI FA was mixed with MWI S at a ratio of 1:1, the chlorination volatilization efficiencies of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd at 1200 °C for 40 min were 88.9%, 99.7%, 97.3%, and 100%, respectively. Adding MWI FA can replenish Cl in MSWI FA and MWI S while increasing the surface area and forming pore structures by sublimation of NaCl and decomposition of CaSO4, or can reduce the melting point and viscosity by Na2O destroying the glass matrix. Therefore, MWI FA can be co-disposed with MSWI FA and MWI S respectively to enhance the chlorination volatilization of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Shen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Nengwu Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yunhao Xi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Junlin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Pingxiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Wang H, Zhu F, Liu X, Han M, Zhang R. A mini-review of heavy metal recycling technologies for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2021; 39:1135-1148. [PMID: 33818201 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211003968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review article summarizes the available technologies for the recycling of heavy metals (HMs) in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA). Recovery technologies included thermal separation (TS), chemical extraction (CE), bioleaching, and electrochemical processes. The reaction conditions of various methods, the efficiency of recovering HMs from MSWI FA and the difficulties and solutions in the process of technical development were studied. Evaluation of each process has also been done to determine the best HM recycling method and future challenges. Results showed that while bioleaching had minimal environmental impact, the process was time-consuming. TS and CE were the most mature technologies, but the former process was not cost-effective. Overall, it has the greatest economic potential to recover metals by CE with scrubber liquid produced by a wet air pollution control system. An electrochemical process or solvent extraction could then be applied to recover HMs from the enriched leachate. Ongoing development of TS and bioleaching technologies could reduce the treatment cost or time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfen Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongyan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wang Q, Ko JH, Liu F, Xu Q. Leaching characteristics of heavy metals in MSW and bottom ash co-disposal landfills. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126042. [PMID: 34492889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bottom ash (BA) management is often implemented through its co-disposal with municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills. However, BA co-disposal may lead to heavy metal leaching in landfills. In this study, the effect of BA co-disposal on heavy metal leaching behavior under different scenarios, specifically, MSW, low BA co-disposal (BA_L), high BA co-disposal (BA_H), and BA monofill were investigated. The heavy metal concentrations in the leachate decreased in landfills over time. The leached metals primarily included Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb, Cr, and Cd. The discharge concentration ratio of heavy metals in the leachates exhibited the following decreasing order: MSW, BA_L, BA_H, and BA. In particular, the discharge concentration ratio of Cu in the MSW, BA_L, BA_H, and BA cases ranged from 7.1 × 10-3 to 8.8 × 10-1 (mean = 3.0 ×10-1), 2.8 × 10-4 to 2.0 × 10-1 (mean = 5.4 ×10-2), 9.1 × 10-5 to 3.0 × 10-2 (mean = 5.9 ×10-3), and 4.4 × 10-4 to 7.9 × 10-3 (mean = 1.8 ×10-3), respectively. Moreover, the leaching of the heavy metals could be attributed to waste contents, properties of the heavy metals, and leachate characteristics, such as the pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), alkalinity, and Cl- content. The presented findings can help clarify the leaching characteristics of heavy metals in BA co-disposal landfills, thereby facilitating the optimization of practical landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jae Hac Ko
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qiyong Xu
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Golzar-Ahmadi M, Mousavi SM. Extraction of valuable metals from discarded AMOLED displays in smartphones using Bacillus foraminis as an alkali-tolerant strain. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 131:226-236. [PMID: 34171827 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the alarming rate of e-waste generation, resource recovery from secondary metal sources is essential for sustainable resource utilization and to prevent the release of potentially toxic elements into the environment. In the current study, the first-time extraction of Ag, Mo, and Cu from active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) screens of discarded smartphones have been achieved using organic acids produced by Bacillus foraminis cultured on a modified Horikoshi medium. The influences of initial pH, inoculation size, and pulp density on the bioleaching process were evaluated over six-day experiment. Maximum extraction of Ag, Mo, and Cu (100, 56.8, and 41.4%) at optimal values of three investigated factors was obtained over a 12-day bioleaching experiment. A diverse assemblage of organic acid was produced in the optimized bioleaching condition, including tartaric (12.1 mM), formic (49.8 mM), acetic (21.5 mM), lactic (78.5 mM), citric (2.7 mM), and propionic (69.6 mM) acid. The contact angle analysis highlighted more hydrophobicity of powder after the bioleaching. FTIR and CHNO data also confirmed the role of bioleaching in the powder wettability alteration. The sequential extraction method revealed high mobility of In, Fe, Co, Cu, Cr, and Mo and low mobility of Ag. The results exhibited high tolerance of alkali-tolerant bacteria to potentially toxic elements and its superior performance in the bioleaching of discarded mobile screens at high pulp density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Golzar-Ahmadi
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Modares Environmental Research Institute, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Šyc M, Simon FG, Hykš J, Braga R, Biganzoli L, Costa G, Funari V, Grosso M. Metal recovery from incineration bottom ash: State-of-the-art and recent developments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122433. [PMID: 32143166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is one of the leading technologies for municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment in Europe. Incineration bottom ash (IBA) is the main solid residue from MSWI, and its annual European production is about 20 million tons. The composition of IBA depends on the composition of the incinerated waste; therefore, it may contain significant amounts of ferrous and non-ferrous (NFe) metals as well as glass that can be recovered. Technologies for NFe metals recovery have emerged in IBA treatment since the 1990s and became common practice in many developed countries. Although the principles and used apparatus are nearly the same in all treatment trains, the differences in technological approaches to recovery of valuable components from IBA - with a special focus on NFe metals recovery - are summarized in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Šyc
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 135, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Franz Georg Simon
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 1205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiri Hykš
- Danish Waste Solutions ApS, Agern Allé 3, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Roberto Braga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), Università di Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 1, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Biganzoli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Costa
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science Engineering (DICII), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Funari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), Università di Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 1, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Grosso
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Enhanced electrodialytic bioleaching of fly ashes of municipal solid waste incineration for metal recovery. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Gomes HI, Funari V, Ferrari R. Bioleaching for resource recovery from low-grade wastes like fly and bottom ashes from municipal incinerators: A SWOT analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136945. [PMID: 32007897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioleaching (or microbial leaching) is a biohydrometallurgical technology that can be applied for metal recovery from anthropogenic waste streams. In particular, fly ashes and bottom ashes of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) can be used as a target material for biomining. Globally, approximately 46 million tonnes of MSWI ashes are produced annually. Currently landfilled or used as aggregate, these contain large amounts of marketable metals, equivalent to low-grade ores. There is opportunity to recover critical materials as the circular economy demands, using mesophile, moderately thermophile, and extremophile microorganisms for bioleaching. A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis was developed to assess the potential of this biotechnology to recover critical metals from MSWI wastes. Bioleaching has potential as a sustainable technology for resource recovery and enhanced waste management. However, stakeholders can only reap the full benefits of bioleaching by addressing both the technical engineering challenges and regulatory requirements needed to realise and integrated approach to resource use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena I Gomes
- Food, Water, Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Valerio Funari
- ISMAR-CNR, National Research Council, via P. Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; Biotechnology Division, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn SZN, Villa Comunale I, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ferrari
- Food, Water, Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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16
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Luo H, Cheng Y, He D, Yang EH. Review of leaching behavior of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:90-103. [PMID: 30852230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Incineration is widely adopted in modern waste management because it provides an effective way to minimize municipal solid waste that needs to be disposed of in landfills. The ash residue is often disposed by landfilling. Alternatively, the incineration ash may be recycled and reused for various applications. The crucial issues, however, are the leaching of harmful elements during the use and the end-of-life phases. This review summarizes extensive studies on leaching behavior of municipal solid waste incineration ash. Specifically, pollutants generated through leaching, factors governing leaching, methodologies to study leaching, leaching mechanisms, and treatments to reduce leaching. Many types of pollutants are generated through leaching from municipal solid waste incineration ash, in which heavy metals and organic contaminants are the most toxic and concerned. Ash properties, pH and liquid to solid ratio are the main factors governing municipal solid waste incineration ash leaching. Leaching behavior of municipal solid waste incineration ash is complicated and existing methods to evaluate leaching may not be able to represent the field conditions. Solubility and sorption are the two major leaching mechanisms. Many treatment methods have been proposed. However, not all methods are effective and some approaches are associated with high energy and high cost, which makes them less economically feasible and attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Luo
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Ying Cheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dongqin He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - En-Hua Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Phua Z, Giannis A, Dong ZL, Lisak G, Ng WJ. Characteristics of incineration ash for sustainable treatment and reutilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:16974-16997. [PMID: 31041714 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) generates bottom ash, fly ash (FA), and air pollution control (APC) residues as by-products. FA and APC residues are considered hazardous due to the presence of soluble salts and a high concentration of heavy metals, and they should be appropriately treated before disposal. Physicochemical characterization using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) have shown that FA and APC have potential for reuse after treatment as these contain CaO, SiO2, and Al2O3. Studies conducted on treatment of FA and APC are categorized into three groups: (i) separation processes, (ii) solidification/stabilization (S/S) processes, and (iii) thermal processes. Separation processes such as washing, leaching, and electrochemical treatment improve the quality and homogeneity of the ash. S/S processes such as chemical stabilization, accelerate carbonation, and cement solidification modify hazardous species into less toxic constituents. Thermal processes such as sintering, vitrification, and melting are effective at reducing volume and producing a more stable product. In this review paper, the treatment processes are analyzed in relation to ash characteristics. Issues concerning mixing FA and APC residues before treatment, true treatment costs, and challenges are also discussed to provide further insights on the implications and possibilities of utilizing FA and APC as secondary materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Phua
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Apostolos Giannis
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, University Campus, 73100, Chania, Greece.
| | - Zhi-Li Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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Auerbach R, Ratering S, Bokelmann K, Gellermann C, Brämer T, Baumann R, Schnell S. Bioleaching of valuable and hazardous metals from dry discharged incineration slag. An approach for metal recycling and pollutant elimination. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 232:428-437. [PMID: 30500707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recycling of process wastes will be in future an essential step to meet the demands for valuable metals of a growing market. Depending on their particle sizes incineration slags are already used to recover metals but particle size fractions below 4 mm are still difficult to recycle. Therefore, different particle size fractions (mesh size 2 and 4 mm, high energy grinded) of dry discharged slags were used for bioleaching with and without the pure cultures Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans or Leptospirillum ferrooxidans or a mixture of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in batch cultures. Regarding Al, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn and the rare earth elements Ce, La and Er, bioleaching was significantly more successful with iron oxidizing bacteria compared to abiotic controls. Metal mobilization for Al, Cu, Mn, Cr and Er with bacteria was between 70 and 100% and for Ce, Ni and La around 50% almost after 7 days, making an industrial application for the high concentrated metals like Al and Cu feasible. In addition to the recovery of valuable metals, a reduction in cost of landfilling was identified. After treatment of the slag with the microorganisms, concentrations of harmful substances in the residues could be reduced and thus a classification in lower safety levels regarding the LAGA or EU regulations was calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Auerbach
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Gießen, Germany; Fraunhofer ISC, Fraunhofer Project Group IWKS, Alzenau and Hanau, Germany
| | - Stefan Ratering
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Gießen, Germany.
| | - Katrin Bokelmann
- Fraunhofer ISC, Fraunhofer Project Group IWKS, Alzenau and Hanau, Germany
| | - Carsten Gellermann
- Fraunhofer ISC, Fraunhofer Project Group IWKS, Alzenau and Hanau, Germany
| | - Thilo Brämer
- Fraunhofer ISC, Fraunhofer Project Group IWKS, Alzenau and Hanau, Germany
| | - Renate Baumann
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Gießen, Germany
| | - Sylvia Schnell
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Gießen, Germany
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Quina MJ, Bontempi E, Bogush A, Schlumberger S, Weibel G, Braga R, Funari V, Hyks J, Rasmussen E, Lederer J. Technologies for the management of MSW incineration ashes from gas cleaning: New perspectives on recovery of secondary raw materials and circular economy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:526-542. [PMID: 29679825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental policies in the European Union focus on the prevention of hazardous waste and aim to mitigate its impact on human health and ecosystems. However, progress is promoting a shift in perspective from environmental impacts to resource recovery. Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has been increasing in developed countries, thus the amount of air pollution control residues (APCr) and fly ashes (FA) have followed the same upward trend. APCr from MSWI is classified as hazardous waste in the List of Waste (LoW) and as an absolute entry (19 01 07*), but FA may be classified as a mirror entry (19 0 13*/19 01 14). These properties arise mainly from their content in soluble salts, potentially toxic metals, trace organic pollutants and high pH in contact with water. Since these residues have been mostly disposed of in underground and landfills, other possibilities must be investigated to recover secondary raw materials and products. According to the literature, four additional routes of recovery have been found: detoxification (e.g. washing), product manufacturing (e.g. ceramic products and cement), practical applications (e.g. CO2 sequestration) and recovery of materials (e.g. Zn and salts). This work aims to identify the best available technologies for material recovery in order to avoid landfill solutions. Within this scope, six case studies are presented and discussed: recycling in lightweight aggregates, glass-ceramics, cement, recovery of zinc, rare metals and salts. Finally, future perspectives are provided to advance understanding of this anthropogenic waste as a source of resources, yet tied to safeguards for the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida J Quina
- CIEPQPF - Research Centre on Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Silvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Anna Bogush
- Centre for Resource Efficiency & the Environment (CREE), Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering (CEGE), University College London (UCL), Chadwick Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Stefan Schlumberger
- Development Center for Sustainable Management of Recyclable Waste and Resources (ZAR), Wildbachstrasse 2, 8340 Hinwil, Switzerland.
| | - Gisela Weibel
- Development Center for Sustainable Management of Recyclable Waste and Resources (ZAR), Wildbachstrasse 2, 8340 Hinwil, Switzerland.
| | - Roberto Braga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valerio Funari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Jiri Hyks
- Danish Waste Solutions ApS, Agern Allé 3, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark.
| | - Erik Rasmussen
- Stena Recycling AS, Banemarksvej 40, DK-2605 Brøndby, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Lederer
- TU Wien, Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
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Xu L, Wu YH, Zhou P, Cheng H, Liu Q, Xu XW. Investigation of the thermophilic mechanism in the genus Porphyrobacter by comparative genomic analysis. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:385. [PMID: 29792177 PMCID: PMC5966882 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type strains of the genus Porphyrobacter belonging to the family Erythrobacteraceae and the class Alphaproteobacteria have been isolated from various environments, such as swimming pools, lake water and hot springs. P. cryptus DSM 12079T and P. tepidarius DSM 10594T out of all Erythrobacteraceae type strains, are two type strains that have been isolated from geothermal environments. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology offers a convenient approach for detecting situational types based on protein sequence differences between thermophiles and mesophiles; amino acid substitutions can lead to protein structural changes, improving the thermal stabilities of proteins. Comparative genomic studies have revealed that different thermal types exist in different taxa, and few studies have been focused on the class Alphaproteobacteria, especially the family Erythrobacteraceae. In this study, eight genomes of Porphyrobacter strains were compared to elucidate how Porphyrobacter thermophiles developed mechanisms to adapt to thermal environments. Results P. cryptus DSM 12079T grew optimally at 50 °C, which was higher than the optimal growth temperature of other Porphyrobacter type strains. Phylogenomic analysis of the genus Porphyrobacter revealed that P. cryptus DSM 12079T formed a distinct and independent clade. Comparative genomic studies uncovered that 1405 single-copy genes were shared by Porphyrobacter type strains. Alignments of single-copy proteins showed that various types of amino acid substitutions existed between P. cryptus DSM 12079T and the other Porphyrobacter strains. The primary substitution types were changes from glycine/serine to alanine. Conclusions P. cryptus DSM 12079T was the sole thermophile within the genus Porphyrobacter. Phylogenomic analysis and amino acid frequencies indicated that amino acid substitutions might play an important role in the thermophily of P. cryptus DSM 12079T. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that major amino acid substitutional types, such as changes from glycine/serine to alanine, increase the frequency of α-helices in proteins, promoting protein thermostability in P. cryptus DSM 12079T. Hence, comparative genomic analysis broadens our understanding of thermophilic mechanisms in the genus Porphyrobacter and may provide a useful insight in the design of thermophilic enzymes for agricultural, industrial and medical applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4789-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 310012, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 310012, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 310012, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 310012, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 310012, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 310012, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Ocean College, Zhejiang University, 316021, Zhoushan, People's Republic of China.
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Bio-recycling of metals: Recycling of technical products using biological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1048-1062. [PMID: 29555455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The increasing demand of different essential metals as a consequence of the development of new technologies, especially in the so called "low carbon technologies" require the development of innovative technologies that enable an economic and environmentally friendly metal recovery from primary and secondary resources. There is serious concern that the demand of some critical elements might exceed the present supply within a few years, thus necessitating the development of novel strategies and technologies to meet the requirements of industry and society. Besides an improvement of exploitation and processing of ores, the more urgent issue of recycling of strategic metals has to be enforced. However, current recycling rates are very low due to the increasing complexity of products and the low content of certain critical elements, thus hindering an economic metal recovery. On the other hand, increasing environmental consciousness as well as limitations of classical methods require innovative recycling methodologies in order to enable a circular economy. Modern biotechnologies can contribute to solve some of the problems related to metal recycling. These approaches use natural properties of organisms, bio-compounds, and biomolecules to interact with minerals, materials, metals, or metal ions such as surface attachment, mineral dissolution, transformation, and metal complexation. Further, modern genetic approaches, e.g. realized by synthetic biology, enable the smart design of new chemicals. The article presents some recent developments in the fields of bioleaching, biosorption, bioreduction, and bioflotation, and their use for metal recovery from different waste materials. Currently only few of these developments are commercialized. Major limitations are high costs in comparison to conventional methods and low element selectivity. The article discusses future trends to overcome these barriers. Especially interdisciplinary approaches, the combination of different technologies, the inclusion of modern genetic methods, as well as the consideration of existing, yet unexplored natural resources will push innovations in these fields.
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