1
|
Stojanović J, Savić-Zdravković D, Jovanović B, Vitorović J, Bašić J, Stojanović I, Popović AŽ, Duran H, Kolarević MK, Milošević Đ. Histopathology of chironomids exposed to fly ash and microplastics as a new biomarker of ecotoxicological assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166042. [PMID: 37543338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, industrial pollution has gained extensive attention in terms of its effect on the aquatic environment. This imposes the need to develop sensitive biomarkers for early detection of pollutant toxicity in ecotoxicological assessment. The advantages of histopathological biomarkers are many, including quick reaction to the presence of contaminants, and the small number of individuals needed for efficient analysis. The present study analyzed the negative effect of lignite coal fly ash (LCFA) and microplastic particles (MPs) on Chironomus riparius, a suggested model organism by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This study aimed to perform histological analyses of larval tissues and target potential changes in treated groups that could serve as promising histopathological biomarkers of the contaminant's negative effects. Following that, other known sensitive sub-organismal biomarkers were analyzed and paired with the histopathological ones. Histological analysis of larvae showed a significantly decreased length of microvilli in midgut regions II and III in both treatments. Treatments with MPs affected oxidative stress parameters: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and hemoglobin levels, while LCFA significantly affected all tested sub-organismal biomarkers (DNA damage, levels of AOPP, SOD, and hemoglobin), except catalase (CAT) and TBARS. When observing histological slides, a significant shortage of brush border length in the posterior parts of the midgut was detected in all treatments. In the case of LCFA, the appearance of intensive vacuolization of digestive cells with inclusions resembling apoptotic bodies, in mentioned regions was also detected. This study demonstrated high sensitivity of brush border length to the MPs and LCFA exposure, complementary to other tested sub-organismal biomarkers. Revealing the great potential of this histopathological biomarker in ecotoxicological studies contributes to the international standard ecotoxicology assessment of emerging pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stojanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia.
| | - Dimitrija Savić-Zdravković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia
| | - Boris Jovanović
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jelena Vitorović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelena Bašić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stojanović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Andrea Žabar Popović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia
| | - Hatice Duran
- Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Söğütözü Cad. 43, 06560 Ankara, Türkiye; UNAM - National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Margareta Kračun Kolarević
- Department of Hydroecology and water protection, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đurađ Milošević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Muñiz González AB, Campos I, Re A, Martínez-Guitarte JL, Abrantes N. Effects of wildfire ashes on aquatic invertebrates: First molecular approach on Chironomus riparius larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159899. [PMID: 36336062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The wildfire magnification in recent years has raised increasing concern about their adverse impacts on the environment. Wildfires are recognized as an important source of diffuse pollution for the nearby aquatic systems being potentially toxic to aquatic life. Albeit previous studies with wildfire runoff/ashes observed effects in aquatic organisms, to date, different severity origins of ashes and their impact at the sub-organismal level on aquatic biota have not been assessed. In this work, the molecular response of Chironomus riparius exposed to wildfire with low (LS) and high (HS) severity ashes from burnt Pine plantations was evaluated by employing an array of 42 genes related to crucial metabolic pathways by Real time-PCR. IV instar larvae were exposed for 72 h to aqueous extract of ashes (12.5 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) prepared from LS and HS ashes. Mn, Zn, and Pb were the metals found at highest concentration in both ash extracts, for HS notable Cd, Mn and Cr presence. From the 42 genes studied only 4 were not altered (22 genes modulated their response by LS and 38 genes in the case of HS) showing the opposite response at 100% with downregulated by LS and upregulated by HS. The 12.5 %, 25 %, 100 % HS and 25 % LS were the main modulators, confirmed by the integrative biomarkers response (IBR). Remarkable genotoxicity was generated by ashes even activating the apoptosis response, and endocrine disruption observed could modify the development. Moreover, detoxification and stress response were strongly activated, limiting the organism's future response to external aggressions. The employment of this novelty approach with molecular tools act as early alarm signal preventing greater damages. Overall, wildfire ashes showed to be a significant environmental disruptor to C. riparius even at lower concentration and the short exposure time employed, emphasizing the strong impact of wildfires on aquatic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Belén Muñiz González
- Biology & Toxicology Group, Department of Physics, Mathematics, and Fluids, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Environment and Planning & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Campos
- Department of Environment and Planning & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Re
- Department of Environment and Planning & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Biology & Toxicology Group, Department of Physics, Mathematics, and Fluids, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stanković N, Jovanović B, Kokić IK, Piperac MS, Simeunović J, Jakimov D, Dimkić I, Milošević D. Toxic effects of a cyanobacterial strain on Chironomus riparius larvae in a multistress environment. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 253:106321. [PMID: 36308821 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and their toxic metabolites present a global threat to water habitats, but their impact on aquatic organisms in a multistress environment has been poorly investigated. Here we present the results of a survey on the effects of the toxic cyanobacterial strain Trichormus variabilis (heterotypic synonym Anabaena variabilis), and its toxic metabolite, cyanotoxin microcystin-LR, on Chironomus riparius larvae in a multistress environment. An environmentally relevant concentration of microcystin-LR (0.01 mg/L) caused an increase in larvae mortality in an acute toxicity test, which became greater in the presence of environmental stressors (NO3-, NH4+, PO43- and Cd2+), pointing to an additive effect of these agents. Chronic exposure of C. riparius larvae to the microcystin-LR producing strain of T. variabilis in a multistress environment led to a reduction in the larval mass and hemoglobin concentration, and it induced DNA damage in larval somatic cells. The results revealed the additive effect of microcystin-LR in combination with all three tested stressors (NO3-, NH4+, PO43-), and the deleterious effect of chronic exposure of C. riparius larvae to the microcystin-LR producing T. variabilis in a multistress environment. However, the present study further emphasizes the importance of investigating interactions between stressors and cyanotoxins, and their effect on aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Stanković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Boris Jovanović
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ivana Kostić Kokić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Milica Stojković Piperac
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelica Simeunović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dimitar Jakimov
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Put Dr Goldmana 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Ivica Dimkić
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Studentski Trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djuradj Milošević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wen F, Yang J, Huang X, Huang X. Analysis of Differential Gene Expression of the Aquatic Insect Protohermes costalis (Walker) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) in Response to Cadmium Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:815-823. [PMID: 35762274 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in freshwater ecosystems is a serious threat to aquatic organisms. Species of Megaloptera are important predators of aquatic invertebrates and have been widely used as bioindicators in assessing the quality of freshwater ecosystems. In this study, we determined the differential gene expression profile of Protohermes costalis (Walker) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) in response to cadmium (Cd) exposure by using transcriptome analysis. A total of 60,627 unigenes were obtained in the transcriptomes of 150 mg/liter (PL), 1,000 mg/liter (PH) CdCl2 treatment, and the no Cd control (PC). Differential expression gene (DEG) analysis by pairwise comparison identified 2,794 DEGs after filtering the noninsect genes and repetitive counts. 606 DEGs were shared in comparisons of PL versus PC and PH versus PC, with 165 DEGs consistently up-regulated and 441 down-regulated by both PL and PH. Six heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the HSP70 family were identified in P. costalis and PcosHSP68 was up-regulated by both PL and PH. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) confirmed that the expression levels of PcosHSP68 in PL and PH were higher than that of PC by 31 and 197%, respectively. These results showed that exposure to Cd altered the gene expression profiles of P. costalis and the transcriptome data presented in this study provide insight into future studying on molecular mechanisms of Cd toxicity to these insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fasheng Wen
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xingrui Huang
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Huang
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Peoples Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cho H, Seol Y, Baik S, Sung B, Ryu CS, Kim YJ. Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate modulates lipid accumulation and reproductive signaling in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:55639-55650. [PMID: 35320476 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is a primary metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which is widely used in industry as a plasticizer. Both DEHP and MEHP have been identified as endocrine disruptors affecting reproduction systems in natural aquatic environments. However, the effects of MEHP exposure on aquatic invertebrates such as Daphnia magna are still poorly understood. In the present study, lipid alterations caused by MEHP in D. magna were identified by analyzing lipid accumulation and nontarget metabolomics. In addition, reproductive endpoints were investigated. MEHP exposure under any conditions upto 2 mg/L was not associated with mortality of D. magna; yet, the number of lipid droplets and the adult female daphnids reproduction rates increased after 96 h of exposure and 21 days of exposure, respectively. MEHP also enhanced lipid metabolism, as evident from 283 potential lipid metabolites, including glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids, identified following 48 h of exposure. The MEHP-treated group exhibited significantly higher ecdysone receptor (EcR) and vitellogenin 2 (Vtg2) expression levels at 6 and 24 h. At 48 h, EcR and Vtg2 expression levels were downregulated in the 1 and 2 mg/L MEHP exposure groups. Our data reveal that the EcR pathway changes over MEHP exposure could be associated with lipid accumulation, owing to increased lipid levels and the subsequent increase in the reproduction of MEHP-exposed D. magna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunki Cho
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Yohan Seol
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science & Technology, 34113, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyun Baik
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Baeckkyoung Sung
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science & Technology, 34113, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seon Ryu
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany.
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany.
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science & Technology, 34113, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park K, Kwak IS. Multi-Level Gene Expression in Response to Environmental Stress in Aquatic Invertebrate Chironomids: Potential Applications in Water Quality Monitoring. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 259:77-122. [PMID: 34661753 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In freshwater ecosystems, aquatic invertebrates are influenced continuously by both physical stress and xenobiotics. Chironomids (Diptera; Chironomidae), or non-biting midges, are the most diverse and abundant invertebrates in freshwater habitats. They are a fundamental link in food chains of aquatic ecosystems. Chironomid larvae tolerate stress factors in their environments via various physiological processes. At the molecular level, environmental pollutants induce multi-level gene responses in Chironomus that regulate cellular protection through the activation of defense processes. This paper reviews literature on the transcriptional responses of biomarker genes to environmental stress in chironomids at the molecular level, in studies conducted from 1991 to 2020 (120 selected literatures of 374 results with the keywords "Chironomus and gene expression" by PubMed search tool). According to these studies, transcriptional responses in chironomids vary depending on the type of stress factor and defensive responses associated with antioxidant activity, the endocrine system, detoxification, homeostasis and stress response, energy metabolism, ribosomal machinery, apoptosis, DNA repair, and epigenetics. These data could provide a comprehensive overview of how Chironomus species respond to pollutants in aquatic environments. Furthermore, the transcriptomic data could facilitate the development of genetic tools for water quality and environmental monitoring based on resident chironomid species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science and Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu L, Chen X, Wei Y, Ding Y, Wang Q, Wang S, Tang B, Wang S. Effects of long-term cadmium exposure on trehalose metabolism, growth, and development of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111034. [PMID: 32758695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is the major blood sugar in insects; it not only serves as an energy source but also plays important roles in physiological responses to adverse conditions. However, only a few studies have explored the effects of heavy metal exposure stress on trehalose metabolism in insects. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of cadmium stress on changes in trehalose metabolism in Aedes albopictus. Three concentrations of cadmium (0.005, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/L) were selected for evaluation of long-term stress in Ae. albopictus (from eggs to adults); Ae. albopictus in double-distilled water was used as the control group. The trehalose and glucose contents, trehalase activity, and trehalose metabolism-related gene expression were determined. The effects of long-term cadmium exposure on growth, development, and reproduction were also assessed. Trehalose contents were increased, whereas glucose contents and trehalase activity were decreased in Ae. albopictus following long-term exposure to low concentrations of cadmium compared with those in untreated individuals. Moreover, the expression of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase was upregulated, and that of trehalase was downregulated, indicating that Ae. albopictus may enhance trehalose synthesis to resist cadmium stress. Cadmium exposure also caused Ae. albopictus individuals to become smaller with a longer developmental duration, whereas both reproduction and hatching rates of the offspring were decreased compared with those in the control group. Our findings demonstrated that cadmium exposure affected the morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of Ae. albopictus. These findings also confirmed the role of trehalose in the response of Ae. albopictus to cadmium stress, providing insights into the effects of heavy metal stress on trehalose metabolism in an insect model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Yu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xumin Chen
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjuan Ding
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shigui Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie Z, Gan Y, Tang J, Fan S, Wu X, Li X, Cheng H, Tang J. Combined effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac and cadmium on Chironomus riparius larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110906. [PMID: 32800241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) is considered a contaminant of emerging concern. DCF can co-exist with heavy metals in aquatic environments, causing unexpected risks to aquatic organisms. This study aimed to assess the combined effects of DCF and cadmium (Cd) at environmentally relevant concentrations on the bioconcentration and status of oxidative stress and detoxification in Chironomus riparius larvae. The larvae were exposed to DCF (2 and 20 μg L-1) and Cd (5 and 50 μg L-1) alone or in mixtures for 48 h. The combined exposure to DCF and Cd was found to reciprocally facilitate the accumulation of each compound in larvae compared with single exposures. As indicated by the antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced glutathione levels, and malondialdehyde contents, the low concentration of the mixture (2 μg L-1 DCF + 5 μg L-1 Cd) did not alter the oxidative stress status in larvae, while the high concentration of the mixture (20 μg L-1 DCF + 50 μg L-1 Cd) induced stronger oxidative damage to larvae compared with single exposures. The expression levels of eight genes (CuZnSOD, MnSOD, CAT, GSTd3, GSTe1, GSTs4, CYP4G, and CYP9AT2) significantly decreased due to the high concentration of the mixture compared with single exposures in most cases. Overall, the results suggest that the mixture of DCF and Cd might exert greater ecological risks to aquatic insects compared with their individual compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Ying Gan
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shisuo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xuede Li
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Hefei Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China
| | - Haomiao Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wei F, Su T, Wang D, Li H, You J. Transcriptomic analysis reveals common pathways and biomarkers associated with oxidative damage caused by mitochondrial toxicants in Chironomus dilutus. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126746. [PMID: 32339800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A variety of chemicals are capable of provoking mitochondrial dysfunction and thereby contribute to metabolic disorder related effects in wildlife and human. For better identifying new mitochondrial toxicants and assessing mitochondria-related risk, an in-depth understanding of toxic mechanisms and biomarkers should be attained. In the current study, a representative mitotoxicant, azoxystrobin, was assessed for lethal and sublethal outcomes in Chironomus dilutus after 96-h exposure and the toxic mechanism was explored. Global transcriptomic profiles by RNA-sequencing revealed that ampk, acc1, atp2a, gsk3b, pi3k, fak, atr, chk1, and map3k5 were the key genes which involved in the toxic action of azoxystrobin and could serve as potential molecular biomarkers. A major network of common toxicity pathways was then developed for mitotoxicants towards aquatic insects. In particular, calcium ion-PI3K/AKT and cAMP-AMPK-lethality pathways were demonstrated, in addition to the well-known mitochondrial electron transfer-oxidative damage-apoptosis pathway. These analyses could help developing adverse outcome pathways that integrate toxicological information at various levels and support more effective risk assessment and management of mitotoxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tenghui Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stanković N, Kostić I, Jovanović B, Savić-Zdravković D, Matić S, Bašić J, Cvetković T, Simeunović J, Milošević D. Can phytoplankton blooming be harmful to benthic organisms? The toxic influence of Anabaena sp. and Chlorella sp. on Chironomus riparius larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138666. [PMID: 32498154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and microalgae are abundant biota groups in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems, serving as a food source for many aquatic organisms, including the larvae of non-biting midges (Chironomidae). Many species of cyanobacteria are toxin producers, which can act as stressors to other organisms. The present study aimed to analyze and compare the effects of dietary exposure to the common toxic cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. and non-toxic microalgae Chlorella sp. in Chironomus riparius larvae. Microcystin was detected and quantified in the methanolic extract of Anabaena sp. using the HPLC-DAD technique, and it was identified as microcystin-LR. Both Anabaena sp. and Chlorella sp. were suitable food sources to enable the survival of C. riparius larvae in laboratory conditions, causing negligible mortality and significant differences in the larval mass (ANOVA and Post hoc LSD test; p < 0.05) and hemoglobin concentration (Student's t-test; p < 0.05). Oxidative stress parameters such as advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and DNA damage, were also investigated. One-way ANOVA, followed by the Post hoc LSD test, showed a significant increase in AOPP and CAT for the group of larvae fed with Chlorella sp. The same test showed moderate DNA damage in both groups of larvae, with greater damage in the group fed with Anabaena sp. Thus, Chlorella sp. and microcystin-LR producing Anabaena sp. are food sources that did not result in any drastic acute effect on the population level of C. riparius larvae. However, sub-individual-level endpoints revealed significant effects of the treatments, since they caused oxidative stress and DNA damage that may pose a danger to successive generations of test organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Stanković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Kostić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Boris Jovanović
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Dimitrija Savić-Zdravković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Sanja Matić
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Bašić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Cvetković
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelica Simeunović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Djuradj Milošević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
De Armas FS, Dionei Grutzmacher A, Edson Nava D, Antonio Pasini R, Rakes M, de Bastos Pazini J. Non-target toxicity of nine agrochemicals toward larvae and adults of two generalist predators active in peach orchards. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:327-339. [PMID: 32107697 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chrysoperla externa and Coleomegilla quadrifasciata are important biological control agents in peach orchards. However, orchard management with these predatory insects is viable only by using selective agrochemicals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of nine agrochemicals used in peach orchards in larval and adult stages of the C. externa and C. quadrifasciata in laboratory conditions. The bioassays followed the methodologies proposed by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). Larvae and adults of C. externa and C. quadrifasciata were exposed to the dry residues of these products. Lethal and sublethal effects were evaluated in bioassays with the larval and adult stages of both predators. The agrochemicals were classified according to the IOBC guidelines. The insecticide chlorantraniliprole was harmless (class 1) to the larval stage of C. externa and C. quadrifasciata. Azadirachtin, copper 25% + calcium 10%, and deltamethrin were harmless to the adult stage of both insect species. The organophosphates fenitrothion and malathion were harmful (class 4) to both species in the larval and adult stages and should not be used in peach orchards. Therefore, this study demonstrates the importance of toxicity and the lethal and sublethal effects of these agrochemicals to better determine their compatibility with IPM in peach production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Silva De Armas
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Postal Code 354, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Anderson Dionei Grutzmacher
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Postal Code 354, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Dori Edson Nava
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Embrapa Clima Temperado (Temperate Climate Embrapa), Postal code 403, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, 96001-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael Antonio Pasini
- Centro de Ensino Superior Riograndense, Postal Code 99560-000, Sarandi, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rakes
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Postal Code 354, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano de Bastos Pazini
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Postal Code 354, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, 96010-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Park K, Kwak IS. Cadmium-induced developmental alteration and upregulation of serine-type endopeptidase transcripts in wild freshwater populations of Chironomus plumosus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110240. [PMID: 32014723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, is a persistent environmental contaminant with irreversible toxicity to aquatic organisms. Chironomus plumosus, a natural species, is the largest sediment-burrowing aquatic midge in freshwater environments. In this study, we evaluated developmental defects in C. plumosus resulting from Cd exposure. In C. plumosus larvae, Cd exposure induced decreased survival and growth rates, reduction of emergence rate and sex ratio, and delayed emergence, as well as elevating the incidence of split tooth deformities. To identify potential biomarker genes to assess environmental pollutants such as Cd, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in C. plumosus exposed to various Cd concentrations. Among fourteen characterized DEGs, serine-type endopeptidase (SP) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) genes exhibited significant upregulation in C. plumosus larvae after Cd exposure. Therefore, we evaluated SP and HSP70 responses in natural C. plumosus populations collected from three sites of a Korean river and analyzed their correlations with eighteen environmental quality characteristics using principal component analysis. The highest expression of SP and HSP70 transcripts was observed in C. plumosus populations from Yeosu in Korea, which has high concentrations of polluting heavy metals. SP transcript expression was positively correlated with concentrations of Cd, Pb, Al, Fe, NO2, and NO3. These results suggested that environmental pollutants such as Cd can impair proteolytic activity in the digestive system of C. plumosus and may ultimately induce developmental alterations. We therefore suggest SP as a potential biomarker to assess the effects of environmental pollutants in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, South Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, South Korea; Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 550-749, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Savić-Zdravković D, Milošević D, Uluer E, Duran H, Matić S, Stanić S, Vidmar J, Ščančar J, Dikic D, Jovanović B. A Multiparametric Approach to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Toxicity Assessment in Non-Biting Midges. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:131-140. [PMID: 31581319 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are included in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) priority list of engineered nanomaterials for assessment of their environmental impact. The present study was carried out to assess the CeO2 NP toxicity to the freshwater midge Chironomus riparius larvae at concentrations of 2.5, 25, 250, and 2500 mg of CeO2 NP/kg of sediment. Experiments were designed to assess the prolonged exposure of midges to CeO2 NPs while adhering to OECD test guideline 218. The following parameters were investigated: CeO2 NP uptake by larvae, oxidative stress parameters, in vivo genotoxic effects, and life trait parameters. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the concentration of CeO2 NPs in the sediment and its uptake by the larvae. No significant mortality was observed in C. riparius, and oxidative stress was not detected. The only significantly induced sublethal effect was genotoxicity, which began to manifest at a lowest-observed-effect concentration of 25 mg kg-1 of sediment and progressively increased at higher concentrations. Our results indicate that exposure to CeO2 NP-contaminated freshwater sediments does not pose a risk to chironomids at environmentally realistic concentrations. However, the significant accumulation of CeO2 NPs by chironomid larvae may pose a risk through trophic transfer to organisms further up the food chain. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;39:131-140. © 2019 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Djuradj Milošević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ezgi Uluer
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Duran
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sanja Matić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Snežna Stanić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Janja Vidmar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Domagoj Dikic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Animal Physiology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Jovanović
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arambourou H, Llorente L, Moreno-Ocio I, Herrero Ó, Barata C, Fuertes I, Delorme N, Méndez-Fernández L, Planelló R. Exposure to heavy metal-contaminated sediments disrupts gene expression, lipid profile, and life history traits in the midge Chironomus riparius. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 168:115165. [PMID: 31614238 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the concern about anthropogenic heavy metal accumulation, there remain few multi-level ecotoxicological studies to evaluate their effects in fluvial ecosystems. The toxicity of field-collected sediments exhibiting a gradient of heavy metal contamination (Cd, Pb, and Zn) was assessed in Chironomus riparius. For this purpose, larvae were exposed throughout their entire life cycle to these sediments, and toxic effects were measured at different levels of biological organization, from the molecular (lipidomic analysis and transcriptional profile) to the whole organism response (respiration rate, shape markers, and emergence rate). Alterations in the activity of relevant genes, as well as an increase of storage lipids and decrease in membrane fluidity, were detected in larvae exposed to the most contaminated sediments. Moreover, reduced larval and adult mass, decrease of larval respiration rate, and delayed emergence were observed, along with increased mentum and mandible size in larvae and decreased wing loading in adults. This study points out the deleterious effects of heavy metal exposure at various levels of biological organization and provides some clues regarding the mode of toxic action. This integrative approach provides new insights into the multi-level effects on aquatic insects exposed to heavy metal mixtures in field sediments, providing useful tools for ecological risk assessment in freshwater ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lola Llorente
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo Moreno-Ocio
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cellular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Óscar Herrero
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fuertes
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Leire Méndez-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Rosario Planelló
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mincarelli L, Tiano L, Craft J, Marcheggiani F, Vischetti C. Evaluation of gene expression of different molecular biomarkers of stress response as an effect of copper exposure on the earthworm EIsenia Andrei. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:938-948. [PMID: 31402411 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The paper reports the results of a laboratory test on the bioaccumulation and toxicological effects of sub-lethal soil concentration of copper, a widely used fungicide in organic farming, on DNA damage, a critical marker increasingly used in ecotoxicology in the earthworm Eisenia andrei. In the same experimental setting we evaluated gene expression of classical biomarker of stress induced by xenobiotic. [Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) and Metallothionein (MET)], as well as genes coding for enzymes involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species [Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)]. Additionally, expression of genes involved in the immune response were investigated: a Toll-like receptor (TLR), a receptor with cytolytic activity named Cytolytic Factor (CCF) and two antimicrobial peptides, fetidin (FET) and lysenin (LYS). Results showed significant time-dependent bioaccumulation of Cu and DNA damage at concentrations remarkably lower than those found in most agricultural soils worldwide. MET was increased as was FET and TLR. The present work gives new insights into the mechanisms of sub-lethal toxicity of copper as an environmental pollutant and in the identification of novel sub-lethal biomarkers of cellular response to the stressor such as immune response genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - John Craft
- Biological & Biomedical Science Department, School of Health and Life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Costantino Vischetti
- Environmental, Food and Agricultural Sciences Department, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Martín-Folgar R, Martínez-Guitarte JL. Effects of single and mixture exposure of cadmium and copper in apoptosis and immune related genes at transcriptional level on the midge Chironomus riparius Meigen (Diptera, Chironomidae). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 677:590-598. [PMID: 31071664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metals and heavy metals are natural contaminants with an increasing presence in aquatic ecosystems as a result of human activities. Although they are mixed in the water, research is usually focused on analyzing them in isolation, so there is a lack of knowledge about their combined effects. The aim of this work was to assess the damage produced by mixtures of cadmium and copper, two frequent metals used in industry, in the harlequin midge Chironomus riparius (Diptera). The effects of acute doses of cadmium and copper were evaluated in fourth instar larvae by analyzing the mRNA levels of six genes related to apoptosis (DRONC, IAP1), immune system (PO1, Defensin), stress (Gp93), and copper homeostasis (Ctr1). DRONC, Ctr1, and IAP1 transcripts are described here for first time in this species. Individual fourth instar larvae were submitted to 10 μM, 1 μM and 0.1 μM of CdCl2 or CuCl2, and mixture. The employed individuals came from different egg masses. Real-time PCR analysis showed a complex pattern of alterations in transcriptional activity for two genes, DRONC and Gp93, while the rest of them did not show any statistically significant differences. The effector caspase DRONC showed upregulation with the highest concentration tested of the mixture. In case of gp93, chaperone involved in regulation of immune response, differences in expression levels were found with 1 and 10 μM Cu and 0.1 and 10 μM of mixtures, compared to control samples. These results suggest that mixtures affect the transcriptional activity differently and produce changes in apoptosis and stress processes, although it is also possible that Gp93 alteration could be related to the immune system since it is homologous to human protein Gp96, which has been related with Toll-like receptors. In conclusion, cadmium and copper mixtures can affect the population by affecting the ability of larvae to respond to the infection and the apoptosis, an important process in the metamorphosis of insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martín-Folgar
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gajski G, Žegura B, Ladeira C, Pourrut B, Del Bo’ C, Novak M, Sramkova M, Milić M, Gutzkow KB, Costa S, Dusinska M, Brunborg G, Collins A. The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales – (Part 1 Invertebrates). MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 779:82-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
18
|
Ilkova J, Michailova P, Szarek-Gwiazda E, Kownacki A, Ciszewski D. Prodiamesa olivacea Meigen and Prodiamesa bureshi Michailova (Diptera, Chironomidae, Prodiamesinae) as a candidate for assessing the genotoxicity of trace metals in fluvial sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:542. [PMID: 30136096 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The genome response, realized by structure chromosome rearrangements in the polytene chromosomes of two sibling species Prodiamesa bureshi Michailova and Prodiamesa olivacea Mg., was studied. The larvae of the species were collected in May and September, 2016, from Biała Przemsza River, a metal-mine-affected site in southern Poland, where Zn, Cd, and Pb concentrations in the sediment exceeded many times the reference data and those from unpolluted sites. The water had high contents of different major ions and nutrients. A high spectrum of somatic chromosome aberrations was detected in the salivary gland chromosomes of both species, which defined a high somatic index (from 1.2 to 7), indicating the sensitivity of both genomes to anthropogenic stress. The cells with somatic rearrangements of both species were significantly higher (P. bureshi: G = 25.636, P < 0.001 May, G = 32.722, P < 0.001 September; P. olivacea: G = 47.863, P < 0.001 May, G = 38.742, P < 0.001 September) than the control. Both species from polluted and unpolluted sites showed a high frequency of ectopic conjugations, as between arms B, CD (centromere regions), and E (NOR). Some deformities of mentum and mandibles of P. bureshi (20%) and P. olivacea (35%) were detected. We postulate that the appearances of somatic chromosome aberrations are more sensitive indicators of genotoxicity in the studied species than changes in external morphology. The sensitivity of the P. olivacea and P. bureshi genomes shows that these species are good candidates for detecting the presence of genotoxic compounds in aquatic basins and evaluating their genotoxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ilkova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Paraskeva Michailova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ewa Szarek-Gwiazda
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kownacki
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Martínez-Paz P. Response of detoxification system genes on Chironomus riparius aquatic larvae after antibacterial agent triclosan exposures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:1-8. [PMID: 29245033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent used in a range of personal care and consumer products and is commonly detected in aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the effects of TCS at the molecular level on the detoxification system of Chironomus riparius aquatic larvae, a test organism widely used for the assessment of aquatic toxicology, were evaluated. The obtained results show that this xenobiotic was able to induce significant changes in transcripts from different cytochrome P450s and glutathione s-transferases genes, involved in phase I and phase II of detoxification system, respectively. In contrast, TCS did not affect the glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity nor the expression pattern of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, which belongs to phase III of detoxification system. These results provide information about the effects of TCS on the detoxification mechanism of C. riparius and offers different biomarker genes that could be useful in ecotoxicological studies, risk assessment and bioremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Martínez-Paz
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|