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Wu J, Li R, Su G. Investigation of the Role of Distances from Liquid Crystal Monomer (LCM) Factories on Distribution of LCMs in Surface Soil Samples. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024:124285. [PMID: 38823544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs), which are commonly used in electronic device screens, have attracted attention as a potential class of emerging organic pollutants with persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) properties. This study involved the collection of 54 surface soil samples around one LC industrial park at increasing spatial distances within 1 km, 1-3 km, and 3-5 km from the center of the LC industrial park. Our observations revealed the presence of LCMs in 46 of 54 surface soil samples examined. Of the 39 target LCMs, 36 were identified, comprising 14 non-fluorinated and 22 fluorinated LCMs. Nine LCMs were detected at frequencies exceeding 50%, with 3bcHdFB exhibiting the highest detection frequency of 59% in the soil samples. The total LCM concentrations across the 46 sampling locations varied from 0.0072 to 17.24 ng/g dw, with the highest total concentrations at sampling sites within 1 km of the liquid crystal plant, suggesting that manufacturing processes may be a potential source for LCM release into the environment. Differences were observed in the LCM contamination patterns among the three sampling areas. Additionally, we observed a decrease in the median LCM concentration with increasing distance from the center of the LC industrial park. However, no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in LCM concentrations were observed across the three distances assessed in this study. This may be owing to the limited variety of target compounds analyzed and the limited number of soil samples. Our results emphasize that further studies on the emissions and pollution characteristics of LCMs during production are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
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2
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Dragović S, Smičiklas I, Jović M, Čupić A, Dragović R, Gajić B, Onjia A. Spatial distribution and source apportionment of DTPA-extractable metals in soils surrounding the largest Serbian steel production plant. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16307. [PMID: 37251896 PMCID: PMC10209400 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite presenting a practical approach for the characterization of the environmental risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) derived from steel production facilities, the analysis of the spatial distribution of bioavailable PTEs concentrations in the soil is frequently overlooked in the management of polluted sites. In this study, the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable forms of PTEs were investigated in soils surrounding the largest Serbian steel production plant. The correlation and geostatistical analysis indicated their pronounced variability suggesting the anthropogenic origin of most investigated elements, apparently from the steel production facility. The detailed visualization of variables and observations derived by self-organizing maps (SOMs) revealed the homologies in PTEs' distribution patterns, implying the common origin of some elements. These observations were confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF). The аpplied approach supports a comprehensive assessment of contaminated sites' ecological and health risks and provides a basis for soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Dragović
- "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Smičiklas
- "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Jović
- "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Čupić
- "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ranko Dragović
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Boško Gajić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Antonije Onjia
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
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Xia H, Tang J, Aljerf L, Wang T, Gao B, Xu Q, Wang Q, Ukaogo P. Assessment of PCDD/Fs formation and emission characteristics at a municipal solid waste incinerator for one year. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163705. [PMID: 37105483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has become a predominant emission source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs). Research focusing on the impact of operating conditions, environmental changes, and operating time on the generation and emissions of PCDD/Fs has not been resolved. To this end, this study tracked and investigated the PCDD/Fs and 17 congener emissions of a typical grate incinerator (800 t/d) continuously for one year. Results showed that the PCDD/Fs concentration at the boiler outlet, stack inlet, and bag filter, including normal and abnormal operation conditions, ranges from 2.11E-02-41.86 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, 7.00E-04-6.76 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, and 1.12-2.90E+03 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively. The 2,3,4,7,8-P5CDF has the highest contribution in all samples, in which a proportion of TEQ ranged from 30 % to 77.73 %. Moreover, by applying the correlation analysis between PCDD/Fs and operating parameters, the emission characteristic is mainly affected by incinerators and boilers during the normal period, and it is affected by the whole MSWI process under abnormal conditions. In addition, the PCDD/Fs emission from the MSWI plant gradually increases from spring to winter. This study is beneficial for supporting the control of PCDD/Fs emission reduction and assisting the operators to optimize the relevant operating parameters of the MSWI plant to achieve a stable and up-to-substandard emissions during the operation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xia
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing Laboratory of Smart Environmental Protection, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing Laboratory of Smart Environmental Protection, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Loai Aljerf
- Key Laboratory of Organic Industries, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
| | - Tianzheng Wang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing Laboratory of Smart Environmental Protection, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Bingyin Gao
- Beijing GaoAnTun Waste to Energy CO., Ltd, China
| | - Qindong Xu
- Jiangsu WEIPU Testing Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Jiangsu WEIPU Testing Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Prince Ukaogo
- Analytical/Environmental Units, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
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Hou Y, Li Y, Tao H, Cao H, Liao X, Liu X. Three-dimensional distribution characteristics of multiple pollutants in the soil at a steelworks mega-site based on multi-source information. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130934. [PMID: 36860071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution at steelworks mega-sites has become a severe environmental issue worldwide. However, due to the complex production processes and hydrogeology, the soil pollution distribution at steelworks is still unclear. This study scientifically cognized the distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and heavy metals (HMs) at a steelworks mega-site based on multi-source information. Specifically, firstly, 3D distribution and spatial autocorrelation of pollutants were obtained by interpolation model and local indicators of spatial associations (LISA), respectively. Secondly, the characteristics of horizontal distribution, vertical distribution, and spatial autocorrelations of pollutants were identified by combining multi-source information such as production processes, soil layers, and properties of pollutants. Horizontal distribution showed that soil pollution in steelworks mainly occurred in the front end of the steel process chain. Over 47% of PAHs and VOCs pollution area were distributed in coking plants and over 69% of HMs in stockyards. Vertical distribution indicated that HMs, PAHs, and VOCs were enriched in the fill, silt, and clay layers, respectively. Spatial autocorrelation of pollutants was positively correlated with their mobility. This study clarified the soil pollution characteristics at steelworks mega-sites, which can support the investigation and remediation of steelworks mega-sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Hou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - You Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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Li T, Hu J, Xu C, Jin J. PCBs, PCNs, and PCDD/Fs in Soil around an Industrial Park in Northwest China: Levels, Source Apportionment, and Human Health Risk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3478. [PMID: 36834182 PMCID: PMC9962420 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were determined in soil samples collected around an industrial park in Northwest China, to investigate the potential impacts of park emissions on the surrounding environment. The total concentration ranges of PCBs, PCNs, and PCDD/Fs in the soil samples were in 13.2-1240, 141-832, and 3.60-156 pg/g, respectively. The spatial distribution and congener patterns of PCBs, PCNs, and PCCD/Fs indicated that there might be multiple contamination sources in the study area, so source apportionments of PCBs, PCNs, and PCCD/Fs were performed by a positive matrix factorization model based on the concentrations of all target congeners together. The results revealed that these highly chlorinated congeners (CB-209, CN-75, and OCDF) might be derived from phthalocyanine pigments, the legacy of Halowax 1051 and 2,4-D products, which together contributed nearly half of the total concentration of target compounds (44.5%). In addition to highly chlorinated congeners, the local industrial thermal processes were mainly responsible for the contamination of PCBs, PCNs, and PCDD/Fs in the surrounding soil. The total carcinogenic risk of PCBs, PCNs, and PCDD/Fs in a few soil samples (0.22 × 10-6, 0.32 × 10-6, and 0.40 × 10-6) approached the threshold of potential carcinogenic risk (1.0 × 10-6). Since these pollutants can continuously accumulate in the soil, the contamination of PCBs, PCNs, and PCDD/Fs in surrounding soil deserves continuous attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jicheng Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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Han J, Xu C, Jin J, Hu J. PCNs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs in Soil around a Cement Kiln Co-Processing Municipal Wastes in Northwestern China: Levels, Distribution, and Potential Human Health Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12860. [PMID: 36232160 PMCID: PMC9566703 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of the first cement kiln co-processing municipal wastes in northwest China on the surrounding environment, the concentrations of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were determined in 17 soil samples collected around the plant. The concentration ranges of PCNs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs were 132-1288, 10.8-59.5, and 2.50-5.95 pg/g, and the ranges of toxic equivalents (TEQ) were 1.98-20.8, 2.36-48.0, and 73.2-418 fg/g, respectively. The concentrations of PCNs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs in this study were generally lower than those in soil around municipal waste incinerators and industrial parks in other areas. An exponential function equation was applied for the relationship between the concentration of the target compounds and the distance from the cement kiln stack, the results showed that PCN and PCB concentrations declined with the increasing of distance from the stack. Furthermore, it was found that the effect of the cement kiln on surrounding soil contaminations with PCNs and PCBs was stronger than that of PCDD/Fs by comparing the PCN, PCB, and PCDD/F homologue profiles in the fly ash sample from the plant and soil samples at different distances. The total carcinogenic risks (CR) of PCNs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs for children and adults in soil were 1.65 × 10-8-8.93 × 10-8 and 1.70 × 10-8-9.16 × 10-8, respectively, which was less than the risk threshold (CR = 1 × 10-6), and there was no health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Han
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jicheng Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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7
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Bo X, Guo J, Wan R, Jia Y, Yang Z, Lu Y, Wei M. Characteristics, correlations and health risks of PCDD/Fs and heavy metals in surface soil near municipal solid waste incineration plants in Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118816. [PMID: 35016984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As primary anthropogenic emission source of toxic pollutants such as heavy metals and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration has caused worldwide concern. However, a comprehensive analysis of the pollution characteristics and health risks of PCDD/Fs and heavy metals in soils around MSW incineration plants is lacking. In this study, 17 PCDD/Fs and 11 heavy metals in soil samples collected near MSW incineration plants in Sichuan province were investigated to evaluate their pollution characteristics and potential health risk. Sichuan was selected as the study area because the MSW incineration amount in this province ranks first among all inland provinces in China. The PCDD/Fs concentrations ranged from 0.30 to 7.50 ng I-TEQ/kg, which were significantly below risk screening and intervention thresholds. Regarding heavy metals, principal component analysis suggested that Hg, Pb and Zn were the primary metals emitted from the MSW incineration plants. Cluster analysis of PCDD/Fs and heavy metals showed that of PCDD/Fs homologs and heavy metals (e.g., Hg, Pb, Zn and Cd) were clustered into one group, indicating the coexistence and coaccumulation of heavy metals (especially Hg, Pb, Zn, and Cd) and PCDD/Fs in soil. These heavy metals are thus candidate tracers for PCDD/Fs in soil near MSW incineration plants. A health risk analysis found that the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PCDD/Fs and heavy metals (except for Ni) in the soil samples were all within acceptable levels. This study provides new insights into correlations and health risks of PCDD/Fs and heavy metals in surface soil near MSW incineration plants. The findings have implications for future studies of environmental and human health risk analysis related to waste incineration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ruxing Wan
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuling Jia
- Sichuan Environment and Engineering Appraisal Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhaoxu Yang
- Zhongke Sanqing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Pony Testing International Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Min Wei
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China.
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Yin R, Chen J, Mi J, Liu H, Yan T, Shan L, Lang J, Li J. Breaking the Activity–Selectivity Trade-Off for Simultaneous Catalytic Elimination of Nitric Oxide and Chlorobenzene via FeVO 4–Fe 2O 3 Interfacial Charge Transfer. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongqiang Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinxing Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Yan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Shan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junyu Lang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Lin B, Yang Y, Yang L, Liu G, Li C, Xu J, Hou S, Zheng M. Congener profiles and process distributions of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated naphthalenes and chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from secondary copper smelting. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127125. [PMID: 34530279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Secondary copper smelting is an important industrial source of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (UPOPs) emissions. Herein, field study on industrial-scale plants was conducted to clarify the levels and profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (> 3 rings, Cl-PAHs) from secondary copper smelting plants. The three UPOPs emission levels from the oxygen-enriched smelting furnace were higher than that from the anode furnace, which was attributed to the low-grade raw materials used. The toxic equivalent quantity concentrations of Cl-PAHs were 1.3-4.4 and 4.6-18.9 times higher than that of PCBs and PCNs, respectively. Thus, the emission control of Cl-PAHs in the secondary copper industry should be of concern. The chlorination degree of PCBs and PCNs was ~4 after the gas-cooling stage but was reduced to 1-2 in the stack outlet. This result indicated that the PCBs and PCNs congeners that were generated during the cooling stage were mainly higher-chlorinated. After purification by air pollution control devices (APCDs), the high-chlorinated congeners were removed simultaneously with the fly ash, whereas the low-chlorinated congeners may be regenerated and transferred into the stack gas due to possible memory effect within the APCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingcheng Lin
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Changliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Sen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Alfaro MR, Ugarte OM, Lima LHV, Silva JR, da Silva FBV, da Silva Lins SA, do Nascimento CWA. Risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and edible parts of vegetables grown on sites contaminated by an abandoned steel plant in Havana. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:43-56. [PMID: 34519917 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Food production in areas contaminated by industrial wastes poses a serious risk to farmers and consumers. Here, we evaluate Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb concentrations in the soils and the edible parts of lettuce, chives, tomatoes, pepper, and cassava plants grown by small farmers in areas contaminated by slag from an abandoned steel plant in Havana, Cuba. The total, environmentally available, and bioavailable concentrations of metals in the soils and the metals bioconcentration factor in the plants were determined. The risks to human health from food and soil ingestion were estimated. The total and environmentally available concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Pb were above values considered safe by international standards, with likely adverse effect on human health. Cadmium was the most bioavailable metal, reflected in the highest accumulation in the crops' edible parts. Even with negligible DTPA-available Cr concentrations in soils, the Cr concentrations in edible parts of the crops exceeded regulatory levels, suggesting that rhizosphere mechanisms may increase Cr availability. The consumption of vegetables represented 70% of the daily intake dose for Cr, Cd, and Ni, while accidental ingestion of contaminated soil is the predominant human exposure route for Pb. Our results demonstrated the health risks associated with cultivating and consuming vegetables grown on metal contaminated soils in Havana and can assist public policies capable of guaranteeing the sustainability of urban agriculture and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olegário Muñiz Ugarte
- Instituto de Suelos, MINAG, Autopista Costa-Costa km 8½, Capdevila, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | - Josévaldo Ribeiro Silva
- Departament of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 52190000, Brazil
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Chen Y, Huang R, Guan Y, Zhuang T, Wang Y, Tan R, Wang J, Zhou R, Wang B, Xu J, Zhang X, Zhou K, Sun R, Chen M. The profiling of elements and pesticides in surface water in Nanjing, China with global comparisons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145749. [PMID: 33610981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study on high-throughput determination covering various kinds of elements and pesticides in surface water is rarely reported. The surface water samples were collected from the Yangtze River, the Qinhuai River and the Xuanwu Lake in Nanjing which is a large and populous city in eastern China, and elementome (47 elements) and pesticide exposome (60 pesticides) were profiled, which were characterized by univariate and multivariate statistical analysis, literature comparison, and risk assessment. A total of 47 elements and 47 pesticides were detectable. By combining the results of univariate and multivariate statistical analysis, we consistently found that the levels of elements in the Qinhuai River were relatively higher than those in the Yangtze River and the Xuanwu Lake, mainly including rare earth elements and macroelements. The concentrations of isoprocarb, profenofos and simazine in the Yangtze River were relatively higher than those in the Qinhuai River and the Xuanwu Lake. Based on literature search and our data, the results about global element and pesticide concentrations in surface water were summarized. The surface water in Nanjing showed notably higher aluminum level when compared to the level around the world. The risk assessment suggested that arsenic posed a considerable carcinogenic risk. This study provided a large volume of first-hand information about the profiles of elements and pesticides in surface water, which can be used for warning of surface water pollution and preventing potential hazardous effect on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yusheng Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Tingyu Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Renchuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ruijing Zhou
- Gulou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Biying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jianing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Minjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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12
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Zhan M, Ma Y, Chen T, Lin X, Zhang S, Xu S, Li X, Yan J. PCDD/Fs characteristics in flue gas and surrounding environment of iron and steel smelting industry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:14092-14104. [PMID: 33205268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) concentrations and distributions, emission factors and amounts, and ambient air and soil potential sources were investigated by collecting flue gas, ambient air, and soil samples from ten sintering furnaces and two electric arc furnaces of eight iron and steel smelting industries (ISSI) in China. In flue gas, the concentrations of PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.05 to 2.93 ng I-TEQ Nm-3 (mass, from 0.38 to 30.67 ng Nm-3), with an average of 0.42 ng I-TEQ Nm-3 (mass, 4.99 ng Nm-3), respectively. In ambient air, the concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 0.35 pg I-TEQ m-3 (mass, from 0.66 to 5.66 pg m-3), with an average of 0.20 pg I-TEQ m-3 (mass, 2.96 pg m-3), respectively. In surface soil, the concentrations ranged from 1.80 to 21.02 ng I-TEQ kg-1 (mass, from 34.29 to 836.00 ng kg-1), with an average of 5.82 ng I-TEQ kg-1 (mass, 252.10 ng kg-1), respectively. In deep soil, the concentrations ranged from 1.17 to 12.00 ng I-TEQ kg-1 (mass, from 56.83 to 1488.00 ng kg-1), with an average of 7.76 ng I-TEQ kg-1 (mass, 433.20 ng kg-1), respectively. Compared with emission limits for PCDD/Fs, the compliance was 78.9% in flue gas, 100% in ambient air, and 77.3% in soil. In congener profiles, the contributions of PCDFs were much higher than those of PCDDs in flue gas and ambient air, but the opposite was observed in soil. In ten sintering furnaces, the emission factors ranged from 22.11 to 901.22 ng I-TEQ t-1, with an average of 373.80 ng I-TEQ t-1, respectively. In two electric arc furnaces, the emission factors were 1667.52 and 894.96 ng I-TEQ t-1, with an average of 1281.24 ng I-TEQ t-1. According to both principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, all ambient air samples were affected by the emissions of PCDD/Fs from ISSIs, but to different degrees. However, the concentrations of PCDD/Fs in most soil samples were not influenced by the ISSI emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiu Zhan
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yufeng Ma
- Petrochina West Pipeline Company, Urumchi, 830000, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- The Tarim Oilfield Company of Petro China, Korla, 841000, China
| | - Shuaixi Xu
- Zhejiang Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Wang J, Wang L, Wang Y, Tsang DCW, Yang X, Beiyuan J, Yin M, Xiao T, Jiang Y, Lin W, Zhou Y, Liu J, Wang L, Zhao M. Emerging risks of toxic metal(loid)s in soil-vegetables influenced by steel-making activities and isotopic source apportionment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106207. [PMID: 33197789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Industrial activities tend to deteriorate adjacent agricultural lands due to accumulation of potentially toxic elements in soils and crops. However, better understanding of their distinctive source partitions and transfer process remains insufficient in steel-making area. The paper focuses on the pollution levels, health risks, and provenance identification of Tl, As, Pb, Cu, Ni, Co, Sb, Cd, Zn, Be, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo, Sn, and V in common vegetables from different farmlands near a steel-making plant. The results showed that the Tl, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Mn were of high-level contamination in soils and generally above the maximum permissible level (MPL). Calculation using hazard quotients (HQ) exhibited that consumption of the studied vegetables may entail significant health risks to residents, especially for children, resulting from the elevated contents of Tl, As and associated toxic elements. Calculation by binary mixing model using Pb isotopic compositions suggested that steel-making activities contributed to 35-80% of the contamination of Pb and As in vegetables. It is necessary to adopt appropriate remediation measures to mitigate the farmland contamination and ensure the food safety of the agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingzi Beiyuan
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiling Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenli Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuchen Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, China
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14
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Ning Y, Zhou H, Wang S, Li X, Liu D, Xu W, Zhou D. Temporal dynamics of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) microbial communities after cadmium stress based on a compound mathematical model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:16326-16338. [PMID: 32124279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution has received increasing attention from scholars. In the field of Cd pollution remediation, there is an urgent need to study the combined bioremediation technology of earthworms and microbes. In this paper, a short-term stress test and a long-term stress test were conducted. Eisenia fetida were inoculated into artificial soil that was contaminated with Cd. After different Cd stress times, the regulation process between the microbial communities in the earthworms and in the soil was studied. Canonical correlation analysis and the TOPSIS method were combined to establish a mathematical model for data analysis, and the changes in the carbon source utilization intensity by microbes were analysed. The results showed that in the short-term stress tests, the regulation process could be divided into five stages. Specifically, after 1-3 days of stress, the microbial community in the earthworms regulated the soil microbial community, but on the 3rd day, the regulation was weakened. On the 4th day, the soil microbial community was affected not only by the microbes in the earthworms but also by the increasing intensity of Cd stress. After 5 days of stress, the microbial communities in the earthworms and the soil were both greatly affected by Cd poisoning, and the microbes transitioned from stable to declining. At 6-7 days, the microbes in the earthworms gained control over those in the soil once again, and the Cd-tolerant microbes began to appear and proliferate. At 8-10 days, the regulation of the soil microbes by the earthworm microbes weakened, while the Cd-tolerant population in the soil microbial communities gradually evolved at this stage to adapt to the increasing Cd stress. The long-term stress tests showed that the difference between the microbial communities in the soil and in the earthworms increased, and there was almost no regulation between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Ning
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haoran Zhou
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shiben Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Duo Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wenyue Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Dongxing Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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15
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Lin X, Li M, Chen Z, Chen T, Li X, Wang C, Lu S, Yan J. Long-term monitoring of PCDD/Fs in soils in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incinerator in China: Temporal variations and environmental impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136717. [PMID: 32019048 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Campaigns from 2008 to 2016 are carried out to study temporal variations and environmental impacts of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) in soils in the vicinity of a new hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) in China. Results indicate that after 8-year operation of HWI, the geometrical means of both the total concentrations and the TEQ values of PCDD/Fs in soils decrease from 1280 ng·kg-1 and 3.08 ng WHO-TEQ·kg-1 to 568 ng·kg-1 and 2.70 ng WHO-TEQ·kg-1, respectively, showing generally limited impact on soils within 7.5 km. Temporal changes of PCDD/Fs congener profiles trend to profiles in combustion sources. Considering the whole studied area, results of principal component analysis between soils and emission sources show that instead of HWI, other sources including open burning, traffic, and cement plant are more responsible for PCDD/Fs accumulation. The modeling results of AERMOD indicate the dominant roles of wind velocities and directions on the deposition of PCDD/Fs emitted from HWI. The largest PCDD/Fs increase value in soils predicted by integrating AERMOD and a reservoir model is very limited after 25 years (2.03 × 10-5 ng WHO-TEQ·kg-1), indicating relatively minor impacts of HWI on surrounding soils, but the noticeable impact on area downwind from the stack in short distance (e.g., within 0.5 km) should be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China; Everbright Environmental Research Institute (Nanjing) Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, China
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China.
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China
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16
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Zhang Z, Zhou M, He J, Shi T, Zhang S, Tang N, Chen W. Polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans exposure and altered lung function: The mediating role of oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105521. [PMID: 32007688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The lung has been reported to be one of the target organs of polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) in many toxicological studies. While the associations between PCDD/Fs exposure and lung function levels have not been investigated thoroughly. This study aimed to explore these associations and the potential mediating role of oxidative stress. In this study, 201 foundry workers and 222 non-exposed general residents were recruited from central China, and their lung function parameters were measured. Air and food samples were collected to determine the PCDD/Fs levels for individual PCDD/Fs exposure estimation. Serum PCDD/Fs levels were determined in a subgroup of individuals randomly selected from the study population to reflect the body burden. It was found that each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed concentration of PCDD/Fs exposure (fg TEQ/bw/day) was associated with a 0.47 L decrease in FVC and a 0.25 L decrease in FEV1. Each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed concentration of serum PCDD/Fs (fg TEQ/g lipid) was associated with a 0.36 L decrease in FVC and a 0.24 L decrease in FEV1. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was not only positively related to PCDD/Fs exposure, but also inversely associated with FVC and FEV1 are FVC (β = -0.15, 95% CI: -0.22 to -0.08) and FEV1 (β = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.02). Mediation analysis revealed that urinary 8-OHdG mediated 12.22% of the associations of external PCDD/Fs exposure with FVC levels, 28.61% and 27.87% of the associations of serum PCDD/Fs with FVC and FEV1 levels respectively. Our findings suggested that PCDD/Fs exposure was associated with decreased lung function levels by a mechanism partly involving oxidatively generated damage to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jintong He
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Control, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519060, China
| | - Tingming Shi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Sukun Zhang
- Center for Research on Urban Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Naijun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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17
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Xu C, Hu J, Wu J, Wei B, Zhu Z, Yang L, Zhou T, Jin J. Polychlorinated naphthalenes, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls in soils in an industrial park in Northwestern China: Levels, source apportionment, and potential human health risks. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109895. [PMID: 31706238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seventeen soil samples collected in an industrial park located in Ningxia Province, Northwestern China were analyzed for polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The PCN, PCDD/F, and PCB concentration ranges were 183-3340, 7.00-215, and 45.1-355 pg/g, respectively. Positive matrix factorization showed that secondary ferrous metal smelters and cement kilns contributed more than 70% of the total PCN concentration. Historical use of Halowax 1051 also affected the PCN concentrations in soil. Principal component analysis indicated that the PCDD/F concentrations in soil in the study area were mainly affected by thermal processes in secondary ferrous metal smelters. CB-209 was an important contributor to total PCBs in the study area, and likely originated from the phthalocyanine-type pigments used in a local recycled paper mill. Samples S10, S1, S17, and S6 had high ∑TEQ (PCDD/Fs + PCNs + PCBs) concentrations, and the carcinogenic risks of PCDD/Fs, PCNs, and PCBs for workers from these samples were 0.487 × 10-6, 0.234 × 10-6, 0.230 × 10-6, and 0.210 × 10-6, respectively. According to our results, the health risks of PCDD/Fs, PCNs, and PCBs for workers in this area should be given more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jicheng Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Baokai Wei
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liwen Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Beijing, 100081, China
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18
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Liu J, Ren S, Zhou Y, Tsang DCW, Lippold H, Wang J, Yin M, Xiao T, Luo X, Chen Y. High contamination risks of thallium and associated metal(loid)s in fluvial sediments from a steel-making area and implications for environmental management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109513. [PMID: 31521041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thallium (Tl) is an uncommon toxic element, with an even greater toxicity than that of As, Hg and Cd. Steel-making industry has been identified as an emerging new significant source of Tl contamination in China. This paper presents a pilot investigation of the contamination and geochemical transfer of Tl and associated metal(loid)s in river sediments affected by long-term waste discharge from the steel-making industry. The results uncovered an overall Tl contamination (1.96 ± 0.42 mg/kg) across a sediment profile of approximately 1.5 m in length, even 10 km downstream the steel plant. Highly elevated contents of Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn and Sb were found in the fluvial sediments, displaying strong positive correlations with Tl contents. Elevated levels of geochemically mobile Tl as well as Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb occurred in the fluvial sediments, signifying anthropogenic imprints from steel production activities at high temperature. Levels of contamination and ecological risk were calculated to be moderate to considerable for Tl, Cu, Zn and high to very high for Cd, Pb, Sb. The results highlight that there is a great challenge in view of potentially considerable Tl pollution due to continuous massive steel production in many other parts of China. It is high time to initiate process-based management of Tl contamination control for the ambient aquifer system in the steel-making area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shixing Ren
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Holger Lippold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institut für Ressourcenökologie, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Meiling Yin
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xuwen Luo
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research At Greater Bay, Innovation Center and Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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