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Zheng X, Sun Q, Liu F, Deng Y, Li P, Huang H. Effect of hygroscopicity of typical powder solid wastes on their radon exhalation characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173956. [PMID: 38879029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The characteristics of radon exhalation in the hygroscopic properties of powder solid wastes are immensely significant for environmental safety and their transportation, storage, and landfill. This study detected the radon concentration of superfine cement and five kinds of powder solid waste: fly ash, silica fume, coal gangue, S95 mineral powder, and molybdenum tailing powder, at different hygroscopic times for 1-5 d under 95 % relative humidity. Additionally, the influence of particle size and porosity of solid waste on radon exhalation characteristics was analyzed using a laser particle size analyzer and nitrogen adsorption technology. The results show that the radon exhalation rate of the solid waste was at a low level in dry conditions. Although the presence of water due to the increased moisture absorption rate inhibited the radon exhalation to a certain extent, it was higher than that in dry conditions. The reciprocal of the moisture absorption rate had a strong linear relationship with the ratio between the radon exhalation rate after hygroscopy and radon exhalation rate from dry materials. The pore structure has a significant effect on the exhalation rate of radon, and the macropores inhibits the exhalation rate of radon. The results of this study have guiding significance for the reuse of solid waste and the prevention of radiation risk of radon exhalation during transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Zheng
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.
| | - Qiang Sun
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Land and Resources, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Safety and Durability of Concrete Structures, Xijing University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710123, China
| | - Yuehua Deng
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, 710054, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.
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2
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Li C, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Li K, Yuan F, Sun Z. The stabilization ability of NaA zeolite derived from fly ash for lead and cadmium in soil: Mechanisms and evaluation of effectiveness. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 942:173834. [PMID: 38851354 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Developing technologies aimed at ecologically restoring is of great significance in addressing the problem of heavy metal pollution. In this study, NaA zeolites (FAZ) originated from fly ash with outstanding performance were prepared by alkali fusion hydrothermal method and used for the solidification and stabilization of heavy metals in soil. After systematic evaluation, it was found that FAZ may lower the leaching concentration of lead (Pb) in soil to <1 mg/kg and increase the stabilization rate of Pb to 80 % in the single Pb-contaminated soil, lower the leaching concentration of cadmium (Cd) in soil to <3 mg/kg and increase the stabilization rate of Cd to 60 % in the single Cd-contaminated soil, and lower the leaching concentration of Pb to 0.15 mg/kg and the leaching concentration of Cd to 0.74 mg/kg in PbCd complex polluted soil. Additionally, Pb stabilization rates reach 60 % and Cd stabilization rates reach 30 %, respectively. Ion exchange is primarily responsible for the adsorption and solidification of Pb and Cd in soil by FAZ. Generally, FAZ has a wide range of applications in the rehabilitation of contaminated soil and significantly lowers the level of heavy metal pollution in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunquan Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qiongli Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiangwei Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Kun Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fang Yuan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhiming Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Turhan Ş, Jamasali YD. Evaluation of radiological health risk caused by the use of fly ash in cement and concrete production and its storage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:3256-3271. [PMID: 38171026 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2301051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
As a result of firing pulverized coal in thermal power plants, enormous amounts of fly ash (FA) are produced as industrial waste. The release into the atmosphere and storage of this industrial waste remains one of the major environmental problems that threaten human health by contributing to air, water, and soil pollution. The recovery and reuse of FA in the construction industry is the only economic solution to the existing problem. In this study, the potential radiological risk caused by the usage of FA in concrete and cement production as a main component and its storage in landfill sites was evaluated for people and works by estimating radiological parameters (activity concentration and alpha index, annual effective doses, and the corresponding excess lifetime cancer risks) based on activity concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides in FA. Also, the radiological risk to the workers working in the FA landfill site was evaluated using the Residual Radioactivity Onsite 7.2 code. The average activity concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides in FA samples from the Tunçbilek lignite coal-fired thermal power plant at Kütahya province of Turkey were measured as 417, 156 and 454 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. When using up to 35% by mass of FA in cement and concrete, the average values of the radiological parameters revealed that they were within the recommended safety limits. However, code estimations showed that a regular worker in FA storage would be exposed to a total effective dose rate greater than 3 mSv y-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeref Turhan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Türkiye
| | - Yusof-den Jamasali
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Türkiye
- Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mindanao State University, Marawı, Philippines
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Chen Y, Fan Y, Huang Y, Liao X, Xu W, Zhang T. A comprehensive review of toxicity of coal fly ash and its leachate in the ecosystem. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115905. [PMID: 38171230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Coal fly ash (CFA), a byproduct of coal combustion, is a hazardous industrial solid waste. Its excessive global production, coupled with improper disposal practices, insufficient utilization and limited awareness of its inherent hazards, poses a significant threat to both ecological environment and human health. Based on the physicochemical properties of CFA and its leachates, we elucidate the forms of CFA and potential pathways for its entry into the human body, as well as the leaching behavior, maximum tolerance and biological half-life of toxic elements present in CFA. Furthermore, we provide an overview of current strategies and methods for mitigating the leaching of these harmful elements from CFA. Moreover, we systemically summarize toxic effect of CFA on organisms across various tiers of complexity, analyze epidemiological findings concerning the human health implications resulting from CFA exposure, and delve into the biotoxicological mechanisms of CFA and its leachates at cellular and molecular levels. This review aims to enhance understanding of the potential toxicity of CFA, thereby promoting increased public awareness regarding the disposal and management of this industrial waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Material and Device, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yingjie Fan
- Chongqing Research Center for Jialing River Development, Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing and Automotive, Chongqing Technology and Business Institute, Chongqing 401520, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Material and Device, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaoling Liao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Material and Device, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Material and Device, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Material and Device, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China; Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; JINSHAN Science & Technology (Group) Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China.
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Huynh HKP, Truong LTH, Mai PT, Nguyen SH, Vu BN, Le HC. Evaluation of potential radiological hazards of unfired construction materials containing fly ash in Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:9825-9836. [PMID: 37861806 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the unfired construction materials (solid card bricks, 4-hole bricks, pavement bricks) containing fly ash and bottom ash from a coal-fired thermal power plant in Vietnam were measured using the low-level gamma-ray spectrometer with HPGe detector. Also, the 222Rn concentrations in these materials were analyzed using RAD7 radon monitor and then radon mass exhalation rate and emanation fraction of these materials were calculated. The potential radiological hazards for residents living in the model room made of these materials were evaluated. The average specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found as 67.7, 79.3 and 703.5 Bq kg-1, respectively. The total annual effective dose (due to external gamma exposure and internal radon exposure for resident living in the CEN model room made of the unfired brick samples) was found as 0.9 mSv y-1 which is lower than the worldwide average dose of 2.4 mSv y-1. Calculations from ResRad-Build code showed that the doses due to radon exposure account for from 62.3% (at the first year) to 98.8% (at the next 30 years) of the total gamma and radon dose. Under low air exchange to the outside environment, from the 6th year onwards, the total dose may exceed the average dose value from natural radiation exposure sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Ky Phuong Huynh
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Loan Thi Hong Truong
- Nuclear Technique Laboratory, VNUHCM - University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, VNUHCM - University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Phong Thanh Mai
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Son Huu Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ba Ngoc Vu
- Nuclear Technique Laboratory, VNUHCM - University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hao Cong Le
- Nuclear Technique Laboratory, VNUHCM - University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, VNUHCM - University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Caño A, Suárez-Navarro JA, Puertas F, Fernández-Jiménez A, Alonso MDM. New Approach to Determine the Activity Concentration Index in Cements, Fly Ashes, and Slags on the Basis of Their Chemical Composition. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2677. [PMID: 37048970 PMCID: PMC10095990 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The manufacture of Portland cement entails high energy and environmental costs, and various solutions have been implemented in recent years to mitigate this negative impact. These solutions include improvements in the manufacture of cement clinker or the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as fly ash (FA) or slag as a replacement for a portion of the clinker in cement. The incorporation of these SCMs in cement may increase its radiological content as they are naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs). The Activity Concentration Index (ACI) is a screening tool established in the European EURATOM Directive 2013/59 to determine the radiation protection suitability of a final construction material. The ACI is determined by the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, usually determined by gamma spectrometry. The methodology of gamma spectrometry is accurate and appropriate, but this technique is not available in all laboratories. For this reason, and taking into account that there is a relationship between the chemical and radiological composition of these building materials, a new approach is proposed to determine the radiological content of these materials from a chemical analysis such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF). In this paper, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to establish the relationships between the chemical composition and radiological content of cements, FAs, and slags of different natures. Through PCA it was possible to group the cements based on two variables: CaO content and Fe2O3-Al2O3-TiO2 content. A lower correlation was observed for the FAs and slags, as the sample scores were centered around the origin of the coordinates and showed greater dispersion than the cements. The clusters obtained in the HJ-Biplots allowed the determination, using multiple regression, of models relating the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th (212Pb), and 40K to the oxide percentages obtained for the three matrices studied. The models were validated using five cements, one FA and one slag with relative percentage deviations (RSD(%)) equal to or less than 30% for 89% of the activity concentrations and 100% of the ACI determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Caño
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences (IETcc-CSIC), 28033 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Suárez-Navarro
- Environmental Radioactivity and Radiological Monitoring Unit (URAyVR), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avda Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Puertas
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences (IETcc-CSIC), 28033 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Jiménez
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences (IETcc-CSIC), 28033 Madrid, Spain
| | - María del Mar Alonso
- Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences (IETcc-CSIC), 28033 Madrid, Spain
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Sirasanagandla SR, Al-Huseini I, Sakr H, Moqadass M, Das S, Juliana N, Abu IF. Natural Products in Mitigation of Bisphenol A Toxicity: Future Therapeutic Use. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175384. [PMID: 36080155 PMCID: PMC9457803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous environmental toxin with deleterious endocrine-disrupting effects. It is widely used in producing epoxy resins, polycarbonate plastics, and polyvinyl chloride plastics. Human beings are regularly exposed to BPA through inhalation, ingestion, and topical absorption routes. The prevalence of BPA exposure has considerably increased over the past decades. Previous research studies have found a plethora of evidence of BPA’s harmful effects. Interestingly, even at a lower concentration, this industrial product was found to be harmful at cellular and tissue levels, affecting various body functions. A noble and possible treatment could be made plausible by using natural products (NPs). In this review, we highlight existing experimental evidence of NPs against BPA exposure-induced adverse effects, which involve the body’s reproductive, neurological, hepatic, renal, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems. The review also focuses on the targeted signaling pathways of NPs involved in BPA-induced toxicity. Although potential molecular mechanisms underlying BPA-induced toxicity have been investigated, there is currently no specific targeted treatment for BPA-induced toxicity. Hence, natural products could be considered for future therapeutic use against adverse and harmful effects of BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Isehaq Al-Huseini
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Hussein Sakr
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Marzie Moqadass
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Correspondence: or
| | - Norsham Juliana
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Izuddin Fahmy Abu
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50250, Malaysia
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Yong-Sing N, Yun-Ming L, Cheng-Yong H, Abdullah MMAB, Pakawanit P, Vizureanu P, Khalid MS, Hui-Teng N, Yong-Jie H, Nabiałek M, Pietrusiewicz P, Garus S, Sochacki W, Śliwa A. Improvements of Flexural Properties and Thermal Performance in Thin Geopolymer Based on Fly Ash and Ladle Furnace Slag Using Borax Decahydrates. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:4178. [PMID: 35744236 PMCID: PMC9227966 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This paper elucidates the influence of borax decahydrate addition on the flexural and thermal properties of 10 mm thin fly ash/ladle furnace slag (FAS) geopolymers. The borax decahydrate (2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%) was incorporated to produce FAB geopolymers. Heat treatment was applied with temperature ranges of 300 °C, 600 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C and 1100 °C. Unexposed FAB geopolymers experienced a drop in strength due to a looser matrix with higher porosity. However, borax decahydrate inclusion significantly enhanced the flexural performance of thin geopolymers after heating. FAB2 and FAB8 geopolymers reported higher flexural strength of 26.5 MPa and 47.8 MPa, respectively, at 1000 °C as compared to FAS geopolymers (24.1 MPa at 1100 °C). The molten B2O3 provided an adhesive medium to assemble the aluminosilicates, improving the interparticle connectivity which led to a drastic strength increment. Moreover, the borax addition reduced the glass transition temperature, forming more refractory crystalline phases at lower temperatures. This induced a significant strength increment in FAB geopolymers with a factor of 3.6 for FAB8 at 900 °C, and 4.0 factor for FAB2 at 1000 °C, respectively. Comparatively, FAS geopolymers only achieved 3.1 factor in strength increment at 1100 °C. This proved that borax decahydrate could be utilized in the high strength development of thin geopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ng Yong-Sing
- Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia; (N.Y.-S.); (H.C.-Y.); (M.M.A.B.A.); (N.H.-T.); (H.Y.-J.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia
| | - Liew Yun-Ming
- Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia; (N.Y.-S.); (H.C.-Y.); (M.M.A.B.A.); (N.H.-T.); (H.Y.-J.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia
| | - Heah Cheng-Yong
- Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia; (N.Y.-S.); (H.C.-Y.); (M.M.A.B.A.); (N.H.-T.); (H.Y.-J.)
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
- Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia; (N.Y.-S.); (H.C.-Y.); (M.M.A.B.A.); (N.H.-T.); (H.Y.-J.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia
| | - Phakkhananan Pakawanit
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Petrica Vizureanu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 61 D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, Dacia Blvd 26, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mohd Suhaimi Khalid
- Chemical Services and Environment (Technical Support) Section, Sultan Azlan Shah Power Station, TNB Janamanjung Sdn Bhd, Seri Manjung 32040, Malaysia;
| | - Ng Hui-Teng
- Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia; (N.Y.-S.); (H.C.-Y.); (M.M.A.B.A.); (N.H.-T.); (H.Y.-J.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia
| | - Hang Yong-Jie
- Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia; (N.Y.-S.); (H.C.-Y.); (M.M.A.B.A.); (N.H.-T.); (H.Y.-J.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Malaysia
| | - Marcin Nabiałek
- Department of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland; (M.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Paweł Pietrusiewicz
- Department of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland; (M.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Sebastian Garus
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland; (S.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Wojciech Sochacki
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland; (S.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Agata Śliwa
- Division of Materials Processing Technology and Computer Techniques in Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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Waste Material via Geopolymerization for Heavy-Duty Application: A Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093205. [PMID: 35591539 PMCID: PMC9102858 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the extraordinary properties for heavy-duty applications, there has been a great deal of interest in the utilization of waste material via geopolymerization technology. There are various advantages offered by this geopolymer-based material, such as excellent stability, exceptional impermeability, self-refluxing ability, resistant thermal energy from explosive detonation, and excellent mechanical performance. An overview of the work with the details of key factors affecting the heavy-duty performance of geopolymer-based material such as type of binder, alkali agent dosage, mixing design, and curing condition are reviewed in this paper. Interestingly, the review exhibited that different types of waste material containing a large number of chemical elements had an impact on mechanical performance in military, civil engineering, and road application. Finally, this work suggests some future research directions for the the remarkable of waste material through geopolymerization to be employed in heavy-duty application.
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Yuksekdag A, Kose-Mutlu B, Siddiqui AF, Wiesner MR, Koyuncu I. A holistic approach for the recovery of rare earth elements and scandium from secondary sources under a circular economy framework - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133620. [PMID: 35033522 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Limited natural resources and a continuous increase in the demand for modern technological products, is creating a demand and supply gap for rare earth elements (REEs) and Sc. There is therefore a need to adopt the sustainable approach of the circular economy system (CE). In this review, we defined six steps required to close the loop and recover REEs, using a holistic approach. Recent statistics on REEs and Sc demand and the number of waste generations are reported and studies on more environmentally friendly, economic, and/or efficient recovery processes are summarized. Pilot-scale recovery facilities are described for several types of secondary sources. Finally, we identify obstacles to closing the REE loop in a circular economy and the reasons why secondary sources are not preferred over primary sources. Briefly, recovery from secondary sources should be environmentally and economically friendly and of an acceptable standard concerning final product quality. However, current technologies for recovery from for secondary sources are limiting and technology needs will vary depending on the source type. The quality/purity of the recovered metals should be proven so that they do not result in any adverse effects on the product quality, when they are being used as secondary raw material. In addition, for industrial-scale facilities, process improvements are required that consider environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Yuksekdag
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Borte Kose-Mutlu
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Azmat Fatima Siddiqui
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Duke University, 27708, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey; Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
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11
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Ahmed RS. The concentration of radioactive materials in Iraqi soils, water and plants: A review. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Xu N, Yang Y, Peng M, Li Q, Xu C, Dai S. Toward the Threshold of Radiation Hazards of U in Chinese Coal through the CART Algorithm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1864-1874. [PMID: 35049288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The high volume of coal used for combustion usually leads to a large amount of coal combustion residues (CCRs), which contain the naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) decayed from U and Th in coals. The high radioactivity of NORMs can cause potential harm to humans if the CCRs are used as building materials. The activities of CCRs not only depend on the concentrations of radionuclides but also largely depend on the variations of ash yields of coal. On the other hand, ash yields significantly vary in coal from less than 1-50%. This indicates that similar concentrations of radionuclides in coal with different ash yields generally do not result in similar activities in CCRs. Therefore, it is significant to build a threshold of U in coals with different ash yield levels. In this research, based on the data of 945 coal samples from China and the selected optimal model using the classification and regression tree algorithm, the threshold of U for the radiation hazard is determined to be 7.98 mg/kg for coals with ash yields higher than 20%, while the threshold of U for the radiation hazard is 5.28 mg/kg for coals with ash yields lower than 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xu
- College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengmeng Peng
- College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuanpeng Xu
- College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shifeng Dai
- College of Geoscience and Survey Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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13
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Lin H, Takasu K, Koyamada H, Suyama H. Development of Flotation Device for Removing Unburnt Carbon in Fly Ash for Use in Hardened Cementitious Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216517. [PMID: 34772054 PMCID: PMC8585457 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The unburned carbon in fly ash inhibits the performance of concrete. A device using the flotation method to remove unburned carbon in fly ash was developed, and the operating condition of the device was experimentally examined. According to the results, the device was able to remove unburnt carbon from fly ash by using the installed micro bubble nozzles and a whirl-type pump. The removal efficiency of unburnt carbon improved when prior forced stirring was carried out by a concrete mixer for 3 min, and a scavenger was added into the fly ash slurry at a density of about 60 wt%. It has also been confirmed that the method of circulating water is more effective than the method of not circulating water. The elements of the modified fly ash slurry (MFAS) have also been experimentally confirmed as not being too different from untreated fly ash, except for the fact that the content of unburned carbon is reduced. The compressive strength and drying shrinkage characteristics of concrete made with MFAS were investigated. The use of MFAS will reduce the performance of concrete compared to that of ordinary concrete. This shows that in a certain range (15-30%), the influence of MFAS on drying shrinkage is constant. The static elastic modulus and dynamic elastic modulus were also investigated. The above results show that the application of MFAS prepared by the flotation method to concrete is feasible.
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14
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Zhang J, Yan M, Sun G, Liu K. Simultaneous removal of Cu(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), and rhodamine B in wastewater using TiO2 nanofibers membrane loaded on porous fly ash ceramic support. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Loan TTH, Ba VN, Thien BN. Natural radioactivity level in fly ash samples and radiological hazard at the landfill area of the coal-fired power plant complex, Vietnam. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Advances in geopolymer materials: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtte.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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New Approach for the Determination of Radiological Parameters on Hardened Cement Pastes with Coal Fly Ash. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14030475. [PMID: 33494137 PMCID: PMC7864329 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in industrial waste and by-products are routinely used to mitigate the adverse environmental effects of, and lower the energy consumption associated with, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) manufacture. Many such SCMs, such as type F coal fly ash (FA), are naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs). 226Ra, 232Th and 40K radionuclide activity concentration, information needed to determine what is known as the gamma-ray activity concentration index (ACI), is normally collected from ground cement samples. The present study aims to validate a new method for calculating the ACI from measurements made on unground 5 cm cubic specimens. Mechanical, mineralogical and radiological characterisation of 28-day OPC + FA pastes (bearing up to 30 wt % FA) were characterised to determine their mechanical, mineralogical and radiological properties. The activity concentrations found for 226Ra, 212Pb, 232Th and 40K in hardened, intact 5 cm cubic specimens were also statistically equal to the theoretically calculated values and to the same materials when ground to a powder. These findings consequently validated the new method. The possibility of determining the activity concentrations needed to establish the ACI for cement-based materials on unground samples introduces a new field of radiological research on actual cement, mortar and concrete materials.
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Zierold KM, Sears CG, Hagemeyer AN, Brock GN, Polivka BJ, Zhang CH, Sears L. Protocol for measuring indoor exposure to coal fly ash and heavy metals, and neurobehavioural symptoms in children aged 6 to 14 years old. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038960. [PMID: 33234632 PMCID: PMC7684807 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fly ash is a waste product generated from burning coal for electricity. It is comprised of spherical particles ranging in size from 0.1 µm to over 100 µm in diameter that contain trace levels of heavy metals. Large countries such as China and India generate over 100 million tons per year while smaller countries like Italy and France generate 2 to 3 million tons per year. The USA generates over 36 million tons of ash, making it one of the largest industrial waste streams in the nation. Fly ash is stored in landfills and surface impoundments exposing communities to fugitive dust and heavy metals that leach into the groundwater. Limited information exists on the health impact of exposure to fly ash. This protocol represents the first research to assess children's exposure to coal fly ash and neurobehavioural outcomes. METHODS We measure indoor exposure to fly ash and heavy metals, and neurobehavioural symptoms in children aged 6 to 14 years old. Using air pollution samplers and lift tape samples, we collect particulate matter ≤10 µm that is analysed for fly ash and heavy metals. Toenails and fingernails are collected to assess body burden for 72 chemical elements. Using the Behavioural Assessment and Research System and the Child Behaviour Checklist, we collect information on neurobehavioural outcomes. Data collection began in September 2015 and will continue until February 2021. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Louisville (#14.1069) and the University of Alabama at Birmingham (#300003807). We have collected data from 267 children who live within 10 miles of two power plants. Children are at a greater risk for environmental exposure which justifies the rationale for this study. Results of this study will be distributed at conferences, in peer-reviewed journals and to the participants of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Zierold
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Clara G Sears
- Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Abby N Hagemeyer
- Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Guy N Brock
- Bioinformatics and the Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Barbara J Polivka
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Charlie H Zhang
- Department of Geography and Geosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lonnie Sears
- Department of Pediatrics, Health Sciences Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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19
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Vu BN, Bui TN, Huynh PTN, Le HC, Huynh PT, Truong HLT. Semi-experimental evaluation for radon exhalation rate and excess lifetime cancer risk from potential radon exposure for using fly ash building materials. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Sayehi M, Tounsi H, Garbarino G, Riani P, Busca G. Reutilization of silicon- and aluminum- containing wastes in the perspective of the preparation of SiO 2-Al 2O 3 based porous materials for adsorbents and catalysts. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 103:146-158. [PMID: 31877498 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The waste materials available as sources of silicon and aluminum for producing porous materials like amorphous silicas, aluminas, amorphous silica-aluminas, and zeolites, to be used as catalyst and adsorbents, are briefly summarized. The procedures for preparing these materials from wastes are also taken into account. The limits of this approach in terms of economy and environmental protection are also briefly considered. It is concluded that mesoporous materials can be prepared from wastes, but care to product quality and to overall process efficiency is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Sayehi
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hassib Tounsi
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Gabriella Garbarino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica e Ambientale (DICCA), Università degli Studi di Genova, via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genova, Italy; Consorzio INSTM, UdR di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Riani
- Consorzio INSTM, UdR di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy; Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFAR), Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Guido Busca
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica e Ambientale (DICCA), Università degli Studi di Genova, via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genova, Italy; Consorzio INSTM, UdR di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy.
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21
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Qi Z, Zhang L, Jiang F, Li Y, Cang D, Jin H, Wang C, Wu W, Qian W, Mukiza E. New insight into the modification of pore structure in porous ceramics prepared from fly ash rich in CaO. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Qi
- School of Energy and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial pollutantsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 PR China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial pollutantsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 PR China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 PR China
| | - Yongliang Li
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom
| | - Daqiang Cang
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 PR China
| | - Hui Jin
- School of Energy and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial pollutantsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 PR China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial pollutantsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 PR China
| | - Wentong Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial pollutantsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 PR China
| | - Wentao Qian
- Research Center of Ecological Protection and Environmental PlanningBeijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection Beijing 100037 PR China
| | - Emile Mukiza
- School of Energy and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial pollutantsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 PR China
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22
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Gezer F, Turhan Ş, Kurnaz A, Ufuktepe Y. Radiometric characterization of zeolite minerals used in many industries and assessment of radiological risks. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 152:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Zhou Q, Liu C, Zhou K, Xuan X, Shi C. Synergistic effect between solid wastes and intumescent flame retardant on flammability and smoke suppression of thermoplastic polyurethane composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhou
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan Hubei 430074 PR China
| | - Changkun Liu
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan Hubei 430074 PR China
| | - Keqing Zhou
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan Hubei 430074 PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Rock‐Soil Drilling and Excavation and ProtectionChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan)Ministry of Education Wuhan Hubei 430074 PR China
| | - Xu Xuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation SafetyChina Academy of Safety Science and Technology Beijing 100012 PR China
| | - Congling Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation SafetyChina Academy of Safety Science and Technology Beijing 100012 PR China
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Zhu W, Zhang Y, Wang P, Yang Z, Yasin A, Zhang L. Preparation and Applications of Salt-Resistant Superabsorbent Poly (Acrylic Acid-Acrylamide/Fly Ash) Composite. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E596. [PMID: 30781533 PMCID: PMC6416650 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Solution polymerization synthesized alt-resistant superabsorbent poly (acrylic acid-acrylamide/fly ash) composites. The mass ratio of acrylic acid (AA) to acrylamide (AM), the concentration of crosslinker, the neutralization degree (ND) of AA, and the polymerization temperature were investigated by single-factor method. Optimized conditions for the synthesis of poly (acrylic acid-acrylamide/fly ash) (PAA-AM/FA) are, as following: m (AA)/m (AM) is 1.5, the content of crosslinker N, N-methylenebisacrylamide. (MBA) is 0.7%, neutralization degree of AA is 70%, polymerization temperature is 70 °C, and fly ash (FA) content is 50%. The prepared PAA-AM/FA demonstrated superior water absorption performance. The absorption capacities of PAA-AM/FA for pure water and 0.9% NaCl solution were found to be 976 g·g-1 and 81 g·g-1, respectively. Furthermore, PAA-AM/FA was found to have excellent adsorption capacity (148 mg·g-1) for Rhodamine B in water. Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterized the prepared materials. Results showed that fly ash was incorporated into the macromolecular polymer matrix and played a key role in improving the performance of the polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Department of chemical and environmental engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi 830026, China.
| | - Yagang Zhang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Department of chemical and environmental engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi 830026, China.
| | - Penglei Wang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Department of chemical and environmental engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi 830026, China.
| | - Akram Yasin
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Letao Zhang
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Strength Time–Varying and Freeze–Thaw Durability of Sustainable Pervious Concrete Pavement Material Containing Waste Fly Ash. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su11010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pervious concretes, as sustainable pavement materials, have great advantages in addressing a number of environmental issues. Fly ash, as the industrial by-product waste, is the most commonly used as cement substitute in concrete. The objective of this paper is to study the effects of waste fly ash on properties of pervious concrete. Fly ash was used to replace cement with equivalent volume method at different levels (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%). The control pervious concrete and fly ash modified pervious concrete were prepared in the laboratory. The porosity, permeability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and freeze–thaw resistance of all mixtures were tested. The results indicated that the addition of fly ash decreased the early-age (28 d) compressive strength and flexural strength, but the long-term (150 d) compressive strength and flexural strength of fly ash modified pervious concrete were higher than that of the early-age. The adverse effect of fly ash on freeze–thaw resistance of pervious concrete was observed when the fly ash was added. The porosity and permeability of all pervious concrete mixtures changed little with the content of fly ash due to the use of equal volume replacement method. Although fly ash is not positive to the properties of pervious concrete, it is still feasible to apply fly ash as a substitute for cement in pervious concrete.
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