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Yang F, Yang K, Wang Y, Yao J, Hua X, Danso B, Wang Y, Liang H, Wang M, Chen J, Chen L, Xiao L, Zhang J. Insights into the discovery and intervention of metalloproteinase in marine hazardous jellyfish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134526. [PMID: 38704908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The proliferation of toxic organisms caused by changes in the marine environment, coupled with the rising human activities along the coastal lines, has resulted in an increasing number of stinging incidents, posing a serious threat to public health. Here, we evaluated the systemic toxicity of the venom in jellyfish Chrysaora quinquecirrha at both cellular and animal levels, and found that jellyfish tentacle extract (TE) has strong lethality accompanied by abnormal elevation of blood biochemical indicators and pathological changes. Joint analysis of transcriptome and proteome indicated that metalloproteinases are the predominant toxins in jellyfish. Specially, two key metalloproteinases DN6695_c0_g3 and DN8184_c0_g7 were identified by mass spectrometry of the red blood cell membrane and tetracycline hydrochloride (Tch) inhibition models. Structurally, molecular docking and kinetic analysis are employed and observed that Tch could inhibit the enzyme activity by binding to the hydrophobic pocket of the catalytic center. In this study, we demonstrated that Tch impedes the metalloproteinase activity thereby reducing the lethal effect of jellyfish, which suggests a potential strategy for combating the health threat of marine toxic jellyfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinchi Yao
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China; School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hua
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Blessing Danso
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongfang Wang
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongyu Liang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingke Wang
- Medical Care Center, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Liang Xiao
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Mugani R, El Khalloufi F, Redouane EM, Haida M, Aba RP, Essadki Y, El Amrani Zerrifi S, Hejjaj A, Ouazzani N, Campos A, Grossart HP, Mandi L, Vasconcelos V, Oudra B. Unlocking the potential of bacterioplankton-mediated microcystin degradation and removal: A bibliometric analysis of sustainable water treatment strategies. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121497. [PMID: 38555787 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) constitute a significant threat to human and environmental health, urging the development of effective removal methods for these toxins. In this review, we explore the potential of MC-degrading bacteria as a solution for the removal of MCs from water. The review insights into the mechanisms of action employed by these bacteria, elucidating their ability to degrade and thus remove MCs. After, the review points out the influence of the structural conformation of MCs on their removal, particularly their stability at different water depths within different water bodies. Then, we review the crucial role played by the production of MCs in ensuring the survival and safeguarding of the enzymatic activities of Microcystis cells. This justifies the need for developing effective and sustainable methods for removing MCs from aquatic ecosystems, given their critical ecological function and potential toxicity to humans and animals. Thereafter, challenges and limitations associated with using MC-degrading bacteria in water treatment are discussed, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize the selection of bacterial strains used for MCs biodegradation. The interaction of MCs-degrading bacteria with sediment particles is also crucial for their toxin removal potential and its efficiency. By presenting critical information, this review is a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in developing sustainable and practical approaches to remove MCs. Our review highlights the potential of various applications of MC-degrading bacteria, including multi-soil-layering (MSL) technologies. It emphasizes the need for ongoing research to optimize the utilization of MC-degrading bacteria in water treatment, ultimately ensuring the safety and quality of water sources. Moreover, this review highlights the value of bibliometric analyses in revealing research gaps and trends, providing detailed insights for further investigations. Specifically, we discuss the importance of employing advanced genomics, especially combining various OMICS approaches to identify and optimize the potential of MCs-degrading bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Mugani
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box: 511, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco; Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur alten Fischerhuette 2, 14775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Fatima El Khalloufi
- Natural Resources Engineering and Environmental Impacts Team, Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, B.P.: 145, 25000, Khouribga, Morocco
| | - El Mahdi Redouane
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Haida
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Roseline Prisca Aba
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box: 511, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Yasser Essadki
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Soukaina El Amrani Zerrifi
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; Higher Institute of Nurses Professions and Health Techniques of Guelmim, Guelmim, Morocco
| | - Abdessamad Hejjaj
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box: 511, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - Naaila Ouazzani
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box: 511, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur alten Fischerhuette 2, 14775 Stechlin, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeeralle 2, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Laila Mandi
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box: 511, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
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Ly NH, Barceló D, Vasseghian Y, Choo J, Joo SW. Sustainable bioremediation technologies for algal toxins and their ecological significance. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122878. [PMID: 37967713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of algal toxins in water ecosystems poses a significant ecological and human health concern. These toxins, produced by various algal species, can lead to harmful algal blooms, and have far-reaching consequences on biodiversity, food chains, and water quality. This review explores the types and sources of algal toxins, their ecological impacts, and the associated human health risks. Additionally, the review delves into the potential of bioremediation strategies to mitigate the effects of algal toxins. It discusses the role of microorganisms, enzymes, and algal-bacterial interactions in toxin removal, along with engineering approaches such as advanced oxidation processes and adsorbent utilization. Microbes and enzymes have been studied for their environmentally friendly and biocompatible properties, which make them useful for controlling or removing harmful algae and their toxins. The challenges and limitations of bioremediation are examined, along with case studies highlighting successful toxin control efforts. Finally, the review outlines future prospects, emerging technologies, and the need for continued research to effectively address the complex issue of algal toxins and their ecological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyễn Hoàng Ly
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 1826, Barcelona, 08034, Spain; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea.
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Teng J, Song M, Xu Q, Zou Q, Zhang H, Yin C, Liu X, Liu Y, Yan H. Purification and Activity of the Second Recombinant Enzyme for Biodegrading Linearized Microcystins by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:494. [PMID: 37624251 PMCID: PMC10467064 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) are produced and released by the harmful bloom-forming cyanobacteria, which severely threaten drinking water safety and human health due to their high toxicity, widespread distribution, and structural stability. The linearized microcystinase (MlrB) further hydrolyses the poisonous linearized MCs produced by the microcystinase-catalysed MCs to form tetrapeptides. Here, the purification and activity of MlrB were investigated. The results showed that the linearized products generated by 12.5 mg/L MC-LR and MC-RR were removed by purified recombinant MlrB at a protein concentration of 1 mg/L within 30 min. The high catalytic activity of MlrB can be obtained via heterologous expression and affinity purification, which lays the foundation for further studies on the properties and mechanism of MCs biodegradation enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (J.T.)
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Gu P, Wang Y, Wu H, Chen L, Zhang Z, Yang K, Zhang Z, Ren X, Miao H, Zheng Z. Efficient control of cyanobacterial blooms with calcium peroxide: Threshold and mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163591. [PMID: 37087006 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the feasibility and mechanism of cyanobacterial blooms control by calcium peroxide (CaO2). The obtained results demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect of CaO2 on cyanobacterial growth. The removal chlorophyll-a rate reached 31.4 %, while optimal/maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) decreased to 50 % after CaO2 treatment at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 for 96 h. Two main mechanisms were involved in the treatment of cyanobacterial bloom with CaO2, namely oxidative damage and cyanobacterial colony formation. It was found that CaO2 released reactive oxygen species (ROS), namely hydroxyl radicals (·OH), singlet oxygen (1O2), and superoxide radicals (·O2-), inhibiting the activity of antioxidant enzymes in cyanobacterial cells and resulting in intracellular oxidation imbalance. Cyanobacteria can resist oxidative damage by releasing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). These EPS can combine with CaO2-derived Ca, forming large cyanobacterial aggregates and, consequently, accelerating cell sedimentation. In addition, CaO2 caused programmed cell death (PCD) of cyanobacteria and irreversible damage to the ultrastructure characteristic of the cyanobacterial cells. The apoptotic rate was greatly improved at 100 mg L-1 CaO2. On the other hand, the results obtained using qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the contribution of CaO2 to the down-regulation of photosynthesis-related genes (rbcL and psaB), the up-regulation of microcystins (mcyA and mcyD), the up-regulation of the oxidation system: peroxiredoxin (prx) through oxidative mechanisms. The present study proposes a novel treatment method for water-containing cyanobacterial blooms using CaO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Taihu Water Environment Research Center, Changzhou 213169, PR China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hanqi Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Taihu Water Environment Research Center, Changzhou 213169, PR China
| | - Liqi Chen
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhaochang Zhang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Kunlun Yang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zengshuai Zhang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xueli Ren
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hengfeng Miao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Taihu Water Environment Research Center, Changzhou 213169, PR China
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Oda K, Wlodawer A. Overview of the Properties of Glutamic Peptidases That Are Present in Plant and Bacterial Pathogens and Play a Role in Celiac Disease and Cancer. Biochemistry 2023; 62:672-694. [PMID: 36705990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Seven peptidase (proteinase) families─aspartic, cysteine, metallo, serine, glutamic, threonine, and asparagine─are in the peptidase database MEROPS, version 12.4 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/). The glutamic peptidase family is assigned two clans, GA and GB, and comprises six subfamilies. This perspective summarizes the unique features of their representatives. (1) G1, scytalidoglutamic peptidase, has a β-sandwich structure containing catalytic residues glutamic acid (E) and glutamine (Q), thus the name eqolisin. Most family members are pepstatin-insensitive and act as plant pathogens. (2) G2, preneck appendage protein, originates in phages, is a transmembrane protein, and its catalytic residues consist of glutamic and aspartic acids. (3) G3, strawberry mottle virus glutamic peptidase, originates in viruses and has a β-sandwich structure with catalytic residues E and Q. Neprosin has propyl endopeptidase activity, is associated with celiac disease, has a β-sandwich structure, and contains catalytic residues E-E and Q-tryptophan. (4) G4, Tiki peptidase, of the erythromycin esterase family, is a transmembrane protein, and its catalytic residues are E-histidine pairs. (5) G5, RCE1 peptidase, is associated with cancer, is a transmembrane protein, and its catalytic residues are E-histidine and asparagine-histidine. Microcystinase, a bacterial toxin, is a transmembrane protein with catalytic residues E-histidine and asparagine-histidine. (6) G6, Ras/Rap1-specific peptidase, is a bacterial pathogen, a transmembrane protein, and its catalytic residues are E-histidine pairs. This family's common features are that their catalytic residues consist of a glutamic acid and another (variable) amino acid and that they exhibit a diversity of biological functions─plant and bacterial pathogens and involvement in celiac disease and cancer─that suggests they are viable drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Oda
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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Wei J, Pengji Z, Zhang J, Peng T, Luo J, Yang F. Biodegradation of MC-LR and its key bioactive moiety Adda by Sphingopyxis sp. YF1: Comprehensive elucidation of the mechanisms and pathways. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119397. [PMID: 36459892 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are harmful to the ecology and public health. Some bacteria can degrade MCs into Adda, but few can destroy Adda. Adda is the key bioactive moiety of MCs and mainly contributes to hepatotoxicity. We had previously isolated an indigenous novel bacterial strain named Sphingopyxis sp. YF1 that can efficiently degrade MCs and its key bioactive moiety Adda, but the mechanisms remained unknown. Here, the biodegradation mechanisms and pathways of Adda were systematically investigated using multi-omics analysis, mass spectrometry and heterologous expression. The transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of strain YF1 during Adda degradation were revealed for the first time. Multi-omics analyses suggested that the fatty acid degradation pathway was enriched. Specifically, the expression of genes encoding aminotransferase, beta oxidation (β-oxidation) enzymes and phenylacetic acid (PAA) degradation enzymes were significantly up-regulated during Adda degradation. These enzymes were further proven to play important roles in the biodegradation of Adda. Simultaneously, some novel potential degradation products of Adda were identified successfully, including 7‑methoxy-4,6-dimethyl-8-phenyloca-2,4-dienoic acid (C17H22O3), 2-methyl-3‑methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (C12H16O3) and phenylacetic acid (PAA, C8H8O2). In summary, the Adda was converted into PAA through aminotransferase and β-oxidation enzymes, then the PAA was further degraded by PAA degradation enzymes, and finally to CO2 via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This study comprehensively elucidated the novel MC-LR biodegradation mechanisms, especially the new enzymatic pathway of Adda degradation. These findings provide a new perspective on the applications of microbes in the MCs polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zhou Pengji
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Tangjian Peng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jiayou Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Zou Q, Teng J, Wang K, Huang Y, Hu Q, Chen S, Xu Q, Zhang H, Fang D, Yan H. Purification and Mechanism of Microcystinase MlrC for Catalyzing Linearized Cyanobacterial Hepatotoxins Using Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090602. [PMID: 36136540 PMCID: PMC9506587 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial hepatotoxins, including microcystins (MCs) and nodularins (NODs), are widely produced, distributed and extremely hazardous to human beings and the environment. However, the catalytic mechanism of microcystinase for biodegrading cyanobacterial hepatotoxins is not completely understood yet. The first microcystinase (MlrA) catalyzes the ring opening of cyclic hepatotoxins, while being further hydrolyzed by the third microcystinase (MlrC). Based on the homology modeling, we postulated that MlrC of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 was a Zn2+-dependent metalloprotease including five active sites: Glu56, His150, Asp184, His186 and His208. Here, the active recombinant MlrC and five site-directed mutants were successfully obtained with heterologous expression and then purified for investigating the activity. The results indicated that the purified recombinant MlrC had high activity to catalyze linearized hepatotoxins. Combined with the biodegradation of linearized NOD by MlrC and its mutants, a complete enzymatic mechanism for linearized hepatotoxin biodegradation by MlrC was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zou
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junhui Teng
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kunyan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yiming Huang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qingbei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | | | - Hai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Bioinformatic analyses and enzymatic properties of microcystinase. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Haro-Moreno JM, Coutinho FH, Zaragoza-Solas A, Picazo A, Almagro-Moreno S, López-Pérez M. Dysbiosis in marine aquaculture revealed through microbiome analysis: reverse ecology for environmental sustainability. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:6027483. [PMID: 33289802 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for products for human consumption is leading to the fast-growing expansion of numerous food sectors such as marine aquaculture (mariculture). However, excessive input of nutrients and pollutants modifies marine ecosystems. Here, we applied a metagenomic approach to investigate these perturbations in samples from marine farms of gilthead seabream cultures. Results revealed dysbiosis and functional imbalance within the net cage with a unique structure, with little interference with samples from the fish microbiota or those collected far away from the coast. Remarkably, below the cage the prokaryotic community was highly similar to the marine microbiome of photic offshore samples. We recovered 48 novel metagenome-assembled genomes. Metagenomic recruitment revealed a significant change in the microbial community which was dominated by several Proteobacteria orders (Sphingomonadales, Pseudomonadales, Caudobacterales and Rhizobiales). Genomic potential for bioremediation processes, including nitrate removal through aerobic denitrification, and degradation of aromatic compounds and other toxic products were enriched in these microbes. The detrimental side effects were the increased number of antimicrobial resistance genes and the presence of potentially emergent pathogens. Knowledge of this metabolic diversity and the microbes involved in ecological balance recovery can be used to reduce the environmental impact of these practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Haro-Moreno
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Apartado 18, San Juan 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Felipe Hernandes Coutinho
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Apartado 18, San Juan 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Asier Zaragoza-Solas
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Apartado 18, San Juan 03550, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Picazo
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, E-46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Almagro-Moreno
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mario López-Pérez
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Apartado 18, San Juan 03550, Alicante, Spain
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11
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Wei J, Huang F, Feng H, Massey IY, Clara T, Long D, Cao Y, Luo J, Yang F. Characterization and Mechanism of Linearized-Microcystinase Involved in Bacterial Degradation of Microcystins. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:646084. [PMID: 33859631 PMCID: PMC8042282 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.646084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are extremely hazardous to the ecological environment and public health. How to control and remove MCs is an unsolved problem all over the world. Some microbes and their enzymes are thought to be effective in degrading MCs. Microcystinase can linearize microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) via a specific locus. However, linearized MC-LR is also very toxic and needs to be removed. How linearized MC-LR was metabolized by linearized-microcystinase, especially how linearized-microcystinase binds to linearized MC-LR, has not been defined. A combination of in vitro experiments and computer simulation was applied to explore the characterization and molecular mechanisms for linearized MC-LR degraded by linearized-microcystinase. The purified linearized-microcystinase was obtained by recombinant Escherichia coli overexpressing. The concentration of linearized MC-LR was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography, and linearized MC-LR degradation products were analyzed by the mass spectrometer. Homology modeling was used to predict the structure of the linearized-microcystinase. Molecular docking techniques on the computer were used to simulate the binding sites of linearized-microcystinase and linearized MC-LR. The purified linearized-microcystinase was obtained successfully. The linearized-microcystinase degraded linearized MC-LR to tetrapeptide efficiently. The second structure of linearized-microcystinase consisted of many alpha-helices, beta-strands, and colis. Linearized-microcystinase interacted the linearized MC-LR with hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic forces, and the Van der Waals force. This study firstly reveals the characterization and specific enzymatic mechanism of linearized-microcystinase for catalyzing linearized MC-LR. These findings encourage the application of MC-degrading engineering bacteria and build a great technique for MC-LR biodegradation in environmental engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feiyu Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hai Feng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Isaac Yaw Massey
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tezi Clara
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dingxin Long
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiayou Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health Southeast University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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12
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Dexter J, McCormick AJ, Fu P, Dziga D. Microcystinase - a review of the natural occurrence, heterologous expression, and biotechnological application of MlrA. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116646. [PMID: 33246218 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystinase (MlrA) was first described in 1996. Since then MlrA peptidase activity has proven to be both the most efficient enzymatic process and the most specific catalyst of all known microcystins detoxification pathways. Furthermore, MlrA and the MlrABC degradation pathway are presently the only enzymatic processes with clear genetic and biochemical descriptions available for microcystins degradation, greatly facilitating modern applied genetics for any relevant technological development. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the potential of sustainable, biologically inspired alternatives to current industrial practice, with note that biological microcystins degradation is the primary detoxification process found in nature. While previous reviews have broadly discussed microbial biodegradation processes, here we present a review focused specifically on MlrA. Following a general overview, we briefly highlight the initial discovery and present understanding of the MlrABC degradation pathway, before discussing the genetic and biochemical aspects of MlrA. We then review the potential biotechnology applications of MlrA in the context of available literature with emphasis on the optimization of MlrA for in situ applications including (i) direct modulation of Mlr activity within naturally existing populations, (ii) bioaugmentation of systems with introduced biodegradative capacity via whole cell biocatalysts, and (iii) bioremediation via direct MlrA application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Dexter
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 31-007 Kraków, Poland; Cyanoworks, LLC, 1771 Haskell Rd., Olean, NY 14760, USA.
| | - Alistair J McCormick
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228 China.
| | - Dariusz Dziga
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 31-007 Kraków, Poland.
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13
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Zeng YH, Cai ZH, Zhu JM, Du XP, Zhou J. Two hierarchical LuxR-LuxI type quorum sensing systems in Novosphingobium activate microcystin degradation through transcriptional regulation of the mlr pathway. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116092. [PMID: 32622230 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most common cyanotoxins produced by harmful cyanobacterial blooms and pose an increasing global threat to human health and ecosystems. Microbial degradation represents an efficient and sustainable approach for the removal of MCs. Although the enzymatic pathway for biodegradation of MCs has been characterized, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the degradation processes remain unclear. Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-density-dependent regulatory mechanism that enables bacteria to orchestrate collective behaviors. The acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated QS system regulates the biodegradation of many organic pollutants. However, it is not known whether this QS system is involved in the degradation of MCs. This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap. In this study, the proportion of culturable AHL-producers increased significantly after enrichment of MCs, and AHL-based QS systems were present in all genome-sequenced MC-degrading strains, supporting the hypothesis that QS participates in the degradation of MCs. Two bifunctional Novosphingobium strains (with MC-degrading and AHL-producing abilities) were isolated using a novel primer pair targeting mlrA, the marker gene of mlr degradation pathway. Biochemical and genetic analysis revealed that the MC-degrading bacterium Novosphingobium sp. ERW19 encodes two hierarchical regulatory QS systems designated novR1/novI1 and novR2/novI2. Gene knockout and complementation experiments indicated that both systems were required for efficient degradation of MCs. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the QS systems positively regulate degradation of MCs through transcriptional activation of MC-degrading genes, especially mlrA. Given that QS may be a common trait within mlr pathway-dependent MC-degrading bacterial strains and the degradation activity is directly regulated by QS, manipulation of the QS systems may be a promising strategy to control biodegradation of MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Zeng
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Zhong-Hua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jian-Ming Zhu
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Peng Du
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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14
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Han G, Ma H, Ren S, Gao X, He X, Zhu S, Deng R, Zhang S. Insights into the mechanism of cyanobacteria removal by the algicidal fungi Bjerkandera adusta and Trametes versicolor. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1042. [PMID: 32529805 PMCID: PMC7424253 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal mycelia can eliminate almost all cocultured cyanobacterial cells within a short time. However, molecular mechanisms of algicidal fungi are poorly understood. In this study, a time‐course transcriptomic analysis of algicidal fungus Bjerkandera adusta T1 was applied to investigate gene expression and regulation. A total of 132, 300, 422, and 823 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr, respectively. Most DEGs exhibited high endopeptidase activity, cellulose catabolic process, and transmembrane transporter activity by using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Many decomposition genes encoding endopeptidases were induced a little later in B. adusta T1 when compared with previously investigated algicidal fungus Trametes versicolor F21a. Besides, the accumulated expression of Polysaccharide lyases8 (PL8) gene with peptidoglycan and alginate decomposition abilities was greatly delayed in B. adusta T1 relative to T. versicolor F21a. It was implied that endopeptidases and enzymes of PL8 might be responsible for the strong algicidal ability of B. adusta T1 as well as T. versicolor F21a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Han
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shenrong Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueyan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Suwen Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruining Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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15
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Xu Q, Ma H, Zhang H, Fan J, Yin C, Liu X, Liu Y, Wang H, Yan H. Purification and activity of the first recombinant enzyme for biodegrading hepatotoxin by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Xu Q, Ma H, Fan J, Yan H, Zhang H, Yin C, Liu X, Liu Y, Wang H. Cloning and Expression of Genes for Biodegrading Nodularin by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E549. [PMID: 31547007 PMCID: PMC6832836 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradation is efficient for removing cyanobacterial toxins, such as microcystins (MCs) and nodularin (NOD). However, not all the microbial strains with the microcystin-biodegrading enzymes MlrA and MlrC could biodegrade NOD. Studies on genes and enzymes for biodegrading NOD can reveal the function and the biodegradation pathway of NOD. Based on successful cloning and expression of the USTB-05-A and USTB-05-C genes from Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05, which are responsible for the biodegradation of MCs, the pathway for biodegrading NOD by these two enzymes was investigated in this study. The findings showed that the enzyme USTB-05-A converted cyclic NOD (m/z 825.4516) into its linear type as the first product by hydrolyzing the arginine and Adda peptide bond, and that USTB-05-C cut off the Adda and glutamic acid peptide bond of linearized NOD (m/z 843.4616) and produced dimeric Adda (m/z 663.4377) as the second product. Further, based on the homology modeling of enzyme USTB-05-A, site-directed mutants of USTB-05-A were constructed and seven crucial sites for enzyme USTB-05-A activity were found. A complete enzymatic mechanism for NOD biodegradation by USTB-05-A in the first step was proposed: glutamic acid 172 and histidine 205 activate a water molecule facilitating a nucleophilic attack on the arginine and Adda peptide bond of NOD; tryptophan 176 and tryptophan 201 contact the carboxylate side chain of glutamic acid 172 and accelerate the reaction rates; and histidine 260 and asparagine 264 function as an oxyanion hole to stabilize the transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hongfei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jinhui Fan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chunhua Yin
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Huasheng Wang
- School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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