1
|
Mumberg T, Ahrens L, Wanner P. Managed aquifer recharge as a potential pathway of contaminants of emerging concern into groundwater systems - A systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024:143030. [PMID: 39121959 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater is an often-overlooked resource, while its declining quantity and quality is of global concern. To protect and ensure stable quantity and quality of groundwater systems used as drinking water supplies, a common method is to artificially recharge these groundwater supplies with surface water, a process called managed aquifer recharge (MAR), that has been used globally for decades. However, surface waters used for MAR often contain elevated concentrations of anthropogenic chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), such as plastics, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). When infiltrating this surface water, MAR can thus act as a shortcut for CECs into groundwater systems and eventually drinking water supplies. Especially PFAS are an example of very persistent contaminants showing atypical transport patterns during MAR and thus posing a risk for ground- and drinking water contamination. This systematic review addresses the transport process of CECs through MAR systems by looking at (1) common CEC concentrations in surface waters, (2) factors affecting CEC transport and possible retention during MAR, such as sorption and other physio-chemical mechanisms of CECs, biological and chemical decomposition, or hydrogeological properties of the MAR system, and (3) key contaminants leaching through the MAR systems as well as possible treatment options to improve the retention of CECs during MAR. Since we are facing increasing needs for high quality drinking water, lower CEC drinking water guidelines as well as an increasing number of identified CECs in surface waters, we conclude with a series of recommendations and future research directions to address these issues. Those include the need for regular monitoring programs specifically addressing CECs and especially not yet regulated, (very) persistent and (very) mobile contaminants, such as PFAS, as well as redesigned MAR systems to ensure stable ground- and drinking water quantity and quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Mumberg
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden.
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philipp Wanner
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kondor AC, Vancsik AV, Bauer L, Szabó L, Szalai Z, Jakab G, Maász G, Pedrosa M, Sampaio MJ, Lado Ribeiro AR. Efficiency of the bank filtration for removing organic priority substances and contaminants of emerging concern: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122795. [PMID: 37918769 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
With growing concerns regarding the ecological and human risks of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in water, much effort has been devoted worldwide to establishing quality standards and compiling candidate and watch lists. Although bank filtration is recognized as an efficient natural water treatment in the removal of contaminants such as OMPs, the increase in exploitation requires continuous assessment of removal efficiency. This review aims to provide a critical overview of bank filtration (BF) reports on more than a hundred priority substances (PSs) and compounds of emerging concern (CECs) listed in the relevant European Union regulations. Field- and lab-scale studies analyzing the removal efficiency and its variance of individual OMPs and biological indicators using BF and the main influencing factors and their interactions, shortcomings, and future challenges are discussed in this review. The removal efficiency of EU-relevant contaminants by BF has been comprehensively investigated for only a few pollutants listed in the environmental EU regulations: pharmaceutically active compounds, (e.g., the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac, some antibiotics (e.g., sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim)), a few pesticides (e.g., atrazine), and faecal indicators such as Escherichia coli. In many cases, the measured concentrations of PSs and CECs have not been published numerically, which hinders comprehensive statistical analysis. Although BF is one of the most cost-effective and efficient water treatments, present field and lab studies have demonstrated the diversity of site-specific factors affecting its efficiency. Even in the case of substances known to be removed by BF, the efficiency rates can vary with environmental and anthropogenic factors (e.g., hydrogeological parameters and the contamination level of infiltrating water) and abstraction well parameters (e.g., the depth, distance, and pumping volume). The published removal rate variations and influencing factors often reflect the research design (field or lab-scale), which can lead to ambiguities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Csaba Kondor
- Geographical Institute, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121, Hungary
| | - Anna Viktória Vancsik
- Geographical Institute, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121, Hungary
| | - László Bauer
- Geographical Institute, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121, Hungary
| | - Lili Szabó
- Geographical Institute, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121, Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szalai
- Geographical Institute, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121, Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gergely Jakab
- Geographical Institute, HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest H-1112, Hungary; HUN-REN CSFK, MTA Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121, Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Maász
- Soós Ernő Research and Development Center, University of Pannonia, Zrínyi Miklós utca 18, Nagykanizsa H-8800, Hungary
| | - Marta Pedrosa
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Sampaio
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Lado Ribeiro
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Wang J, Cui H, Gao S, Ye L, Li Z, Nie S, Han J, Wang A, Liang B. Environmental occurrence, risk, and removal strategies of pyrazolones: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132471. [PMID: 37683347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazolones, widely used as analgesic and anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals, have become a significant concern because of their persistence and widespread presence in engineered (e.g., wastewater treatment plants) and natural environments. Thus, the urgent task is to ensure the effective and cost-efficient removal of pyrazolones. Advanced oxidation processes are the most commonly used removal method. Furthermore, the biodegradation of pyrazolones has been exploited using microbial communities or pure strains; however, screening for efficient degrading bacteria and clarifying the biodegradation mechanisms required further research. In this critical review, we overview the environmental occurrence of pyrazolones, their potential ecological health risks, and their corresponding removal techniques (e.g., O3 oxidation, photocatalysis, and Fenton-like process). We also emphasize the prospects for the risk and contamination control of pyrazolones in various environments using physicochemical-biochemical coupling technology. Collectively, the environmental occurrence of pyrazolones poses significant public health concerns, necessitating heightened attention and the implementation of effective methods to minimize their environmental risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hanlin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shuhong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Long Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Building Research Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shichen Nie
- Shandong Hynar Water Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Caoxian, China
| | - Jinglong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kruisdijk E, Stuyfzand PJ, van Breukelen BM. Degradation of seven pesticides and two metabolites before and during aquifer storage transfer and recovery operation. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 251:104094. [PMID: 36228506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of 7 common pesticides (bentazon, boscalid, chloridazon, fluopyram, flutolanil, imidacloprid, and methoxyfenozide) and 2 metabolites of chloridazon (desphenyl-chloridazon, and methyl-desphenyl-chloridazon) was studied in an anoxic and brackish sandy aquifer before and during Aquifer Storage Transfer and Recovery (ASTR) operation. Fresh tile drainage water was injected and stored for later re-use as irrigation water. We hypothesized that electron acceptors (O2, NO3), dissolved organic carbon (∼24.7 mg/L), nutrients (NO3: ∼14.1 mg/L, NH4: ∼0.13 mg/L, PO4: ∼5.2 mg/L), and biodegrading bacteria in tile drainage water could stimulate degradation of the pesticides and metabolites (ranging between 0.013 and 10.8 μg/L) introduced in the aquifer. Pesticide degradation was studied at 6 depths in the aquifer using push-pull tests lasting ±18 days before the onset of ASTR operation. Degradation was too limited to quantify and/or could not be assessed because of the potential occurrence of pesticide retardation. Utilizing push-pull tests to obtain degradation constants should only be considered in future studies for non-retarding pesticides with relative low half-lives (here <20 days). During ASTR operation, pesticide degradation was studied at the same depths during 3 storage periods equally spread over 1.5 years of ASTR operation. Overall, trends of degradation were observed, although with relatively high half-lives of at least 53 days. Microbial adaptation of the aquifer and/or bioaugmentation by the injected biodegrading bacteria did not result in enhanced degradation during consecutive storage periods. Operational monitoring data over longer periods and distances yielded half-lives of at least 141 days. The slow degradation mostly agrees with previous studies. The injected tile drainage water composition did therefore not notably stimulate pesticide degradation. The relatively persistent behavior of the studied pesticides/metabolites implies that ASTR abstracted water will have generally high pesticide concentrations, and non-abstracted water may form a contamination risk for the surrounding native brackish groundwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiel Kruisdijk
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands; Acacia Water B.V., Van Hogendorpplein 4, 2805 BM Gouda, the Netherlands.
| | - Pieter J Stuyfzand
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands; Stuyfzand Hydroconsult+, 2042 BL Zandvoort, the Netherlands
| | - Boris M van Breukelen
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao J, Fang S, Liu G, Qi W, Bai Y, Liu H, Qu J. Role of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in the removal of organic micropollutants during simulated riverbank filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119250. [PMID: 36274354 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation plays an important role in the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) during riverbank filtration (RBF) for drinking water production. The ability of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOM) to remove OMPs has attracted increasing attention. However, the distribution of AOM in RBF and its role in the degradation of OMPs remains unknown. In this study, the behavior of 128 selected OMPs and the distribution of AOM and their roles in the degradation of OMPs in RBF were explored by column and batch experiments simulating the first meter of the riverbank. The results showed that the selected OMPs were effectively removed (82/128 OMPs, >70% removal) primarily by biodegradation and partly by adsorption. Inefficiently removed OMPs tended to have low molecular weights, low log P, and contain secondary amides, secondary sulfonamides, secondary ketimines, and benzyls. In terms of the microbial communities, the relative abundance of AOM increased from 0.1%-0.2% (inlet-sand) to 5.3%-5.9% (outlet-sand), which was dominated by ammonia-oxidizing archaea whose relative abundance increased from 23%-72% (inlet-sand) to 97% (outlet-sand). Comammox accounted for 23%-64% in the inlet-sand and 1% in the outlet-sand. The abundances of AOM amoA genes kept stable in the inlet-sand of control columns, while decreased by 78% in the treatment columns, suggesting the inhibition effect of allylthiourea (ATU) on AOM. It is observed that AOM played an important role in the degradation of OMPs, where its inhibition led to the corresponding inhibition of 32 OMPs (5/32 were completely suppressed). In particular, OMPs with low molecular weights and containing primary amides, secondary amides, benzyls, and secondary sulfonamides were more likely to be removed by AOM. This study reveals the vital role of AOM in the removal of OMPs, deepens our understanding of the degradation of OMPs in RBF, and offers valuable insights into the physiochemical properties of OMPs and their AOM co-metabolic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shangbiao Fang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600GA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Weixiao Qi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory of Environmental Frontier Technologies, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Atcheson K, Mellander PE, Cassidy R, Cook S, Floyd S, McRoberts C, Morton PA, Jordan P. Quantifying MCPA load pathways at catchment scale using high temporal resolution data. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118654. [PMID: 35635916 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Detection of the agricultural acid herbicide MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) in drinking water source catchments is of growing concern, with economic and environmental implications for water utilities and wider ecosystem services. MCPA is poorly adsorbed to soil and highly mobile in water, but hydrological pathway processes are relatively unknown at the catchment scale and limited by coarse resolution data. This understanding is required to target mitigation measures and to provide a framework to monitor their effectiveness. To address this knowledge gap, this study reports findings from river discharge and synchronous MCPA concentration datasets (continuous 7 hour and with additional hourly sampling during storm events) collected over a 7 month herbicide spraying season. The study was undertaken in a surface (source) water catchment (384 km2-of which 154 km2 is agricultural land use) in the cross-border area of Ireland. Combined into loads, and using two pathway separation techniques, the MCPA data were apportioned into event and baseload components and the former was further separated to quantify a quickflow (QF) and other event pathways. Based on the 7 hourly dataset, 85.2 kg (0.22 kg km-2 by catchment area, or 0.55 kg km-2 by agricultural area) of MCPA was exported from the catchment in 7 months. Of this load, 87.7 % was transported via event flow pathways with 72.0 % transported via surface dominated (QF) pathways. Approximately 12 % of the MCPA load was transported via deep baseflows, indicating a persistence in this delayed pathway, and this was the primary pathway condition monitored in a weekly regulatory sampling programme. However, overall, the data indicated a dominant acute, storm dependent process of incidental MCPA loss during the spraying season. Reducing use and/or implementing extensive surface pathway disconnection measures are the mitigation options with greatest potential, the success of which can only be assessed using high temporal resolution monitoring techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Atcheson
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.
| | - Per-Erik Mellander
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Rachel Cassidy
- Agri-Environment Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Sally Cook
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Stewart Floyd
- Agri-Environment Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Colin McRoberts
- Agri-Environment Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Phoebe A Morton
- Agri-Environment Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, UK
| | - Phil Jordan
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Carvalho Filho JAA, da Cruz HM, Fernandes BS, Motteran F, de Paiva ALR, Pereira Cabral JJDS. Efficiency of the bank filtration technique for diclofenac removal: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118916. [PMID: 35104558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bank filtration (BF) has been employed for more than a century for the production of water with a better quality, and it has been showing satisfactory results in diclofenac attenuation. Considered the most administered analgesic in the world, diclofenac has been frequently detected in water bodies. Besides being persistent in the environment, this compound is not completely removed by the conventional water treatments, drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) and wastewater treatment plant (WWTPs). BF has a high complexity, whose efficiency depends on the characteristics of the observed pollutant and on the environment where the system in installed, which is why this is a topic that has been constantly studied. Nevertheless, studies present the behavior of diclofenac during the BF process. In this context, this research performed the evaluation of the factors and the biogeochemical processes that influence the efficiency of the BF technique in diclofenac removal. The aerobic conditions, higher temperatures, microbial biomass density, hydrogen potential close to neutrality and sediments with heterogeneous fractions are considered the ideal conditions in the aquifer for diclofenac removal. Nonetheless, there is no consensus on which of these factors has the greatest contribution on the mechanism of attenuation during BF. Studies with columns in laboratory and modeling affirm that the highest degradation rates occur in the first centimeters (5-50 cm) of the passage of water through the porous medium, in the environment known as hyporheic zone, where intense biogeochemical activities occur. Research has shown 100% removal efficiency for diclofenac persistent to compounds not removed during the BF process. However, half of the studies had removal efficiency that ranged between 80 and 100%. Therefore, the performance of more in-depth studies on the degradation and mobility of this compound becomes necessary for a better understanding of the conditions and biogeochemical processes which act in its attenuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Adson Andrade de Carvalho Filho
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECIV), Av. da Arquitetura, s/n. Cidade Universitária, 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Hedmun Matias da Cruz
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECIV), Av. da Arquitetura, s/n. Cidade Universitária, 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bruna Soares Fernandes
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECIV), Av. da Arquitetura, s/n. Cidade Universitária, 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Motteran
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECIV), Av. da Arquitetura, s/n. Cidade Universitária, 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Anderson Luiz Ribeiro de Paiva
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECIV), Av. da Arquitetura, s/n. Cidade Universitária, 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Jaime Joaquim da Silva Pereira Cabral
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECIV), Av. da Arquitetura, s/n. Cidade Universitária, 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahn JY, Hwang I, Park N, Park SH. Laboratory and field study on changes in water quality and increase in dissolved iron during riverbank filtration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:50142-50152. [PMID: 33950421 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the water quality by the riverbank filtration (RBF) process were investigated in the field-scale demonstration sites. The overall water quality was improved by RBF, but Fe2+ concentration significantly increased in the riverbank-filtered water more than in the river water. This result would be caused by the interaction between the iron minerals and the river water in the aquifer and the influx of the hinterland groundwater into RBF wells. Dissolution properties of iron from the aquifer soils cored at the sites were evaluated through incubation experiment considering various values of redox potential (Eh), dissolved oxygen (DO), and hydrogen-ion concentration exponent (pH). These results presented that at the incubator with the final Eh of 470 mV, DO of 3.4, and pH of 4.53, the iron from the aquifer soil was most dissolved, and the pyrite and siderite contents in the aquifer soil decreased significantly from 11.5 to 6.22% and from 50.8 to 24.5%, respectively. Based on changes of ion concentrations (such as Fe2+, Fe3+, SO42- and NO3-) and iron species in the incubators, it was believed that pyrite and siderite minerals in the aquifer soils cause an increase in the Fe2+ concentration with the absence of DO and an increase in the Fe2+ and Fe3+ concentrations with the presence of DO. The dissolution rates of iron minerals into Fe2+ and Fe3+ were dependent on Eh, pH, and DO and were more sensitive to Eh and pH than DO. The results of this study can provide information on RBF site selection and its operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Ahn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseong Hwang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Namsik Park
- Department of Civil Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Park
- Department of Civil Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oberleitner D, Schmid R, Schulz W, Bergmann A, Achten C. Feature-based molecular networking for identification of organic micropollutants including metabolites by non-target analysis applied to riverbank filtration. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5291-5300. [PMID: 34286355 PMCID: PMC8405475 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to growing concern about organic micropollutants and their transformation products (TP) in surface and drinking water, reliable identification of unknowns is required. Here, we demonstrate how non-target liquid chromatography (LC)-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and the feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) workflow provide insight into water samples from four riverbank filtration sites with different redox conditions. First, FBMN prioritized and connected drinking water relevant and seasonally dependent compounds based on a modification-aware MS/MS cosine similarity. Within the resulting molecular networks, forty-three compounds were annotated. Here, carbamazepine, sartans, and their respective TP were investigated exemplarily. With chromatographic information and spectral similarity, four additional TP (dealkylated valsartan, dealkylated irbesartan, two oxygenated irbesartan isomers) and olmesartan were identified and partly verified with an authentic standard. In this study, sartans and TP were investigated and grouped regarding their removal behavior under different redox conditions and seasons for the first time. Antihypertensives were grouped into compounds being well removed during riverbank filtration, those primarily removed under anoxic conditions, and rather persistent compounds. Observed seasonal variations were mainly limited to varying river water concentrations. FBMN is a powerful tool for identifying previously unknown or unexpected compounds and their TP in water samples by non-target analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Oberleitner
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Robin Schmid
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schulz
- Laboratory for Operation Control and Research, Zweckverb and Landeswasserversorgung, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129, Langenau, Germany
| | - Axel Bergmann
- Rheinisch-Westfälische Wasserwerksgesellschaft mbH, Am Schloß Broich 1-3, 45479, Mülheim (Ruhr), Germany
| | - Christine Achten
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and their metabolites, have become a major concern due to their increasing consumption and their widespread occurrence in the environment. In this paper, we investigate the occurrence of NSAIDs and their metabolites in an urban aquifer, which may serve as a potential resource for drinking water, and propose a methodology to assess the removal of these substances in the river–groundwater interface. Then, risk quotients (RQs) are computed, in order to determine the risk posed by the single NSAIDs and their mixture to human health. To this end, six NSAIDs and two metabolites were collected from an urban aquifer located in the metropolitan area of Barcelona (NE, Spain), in which the major pollution source is a contaminated river. All of the target NSAIDs were detected in groundwater samples, where the concentrations in the aquifer were higher than those found in the river water (except for ibuprofen). Diclofenac, ketoprofen, propyphenazone and salicylic acid were detected at high mean concentrations (ranging from 91.8 ng/L to 225.2 ng/L) in the aquifer. In contrast, phenazone and mefenamic acid were found at low mean concentrations (i.e., lower than 25 ng/L) in the aquifer. According to the proposed approach, the mixing of river water recharge into the aquifer seemed to some extent to promote the removal of the NSAIDs under the sub-oxic to denitrifying conditions found in the groundwater. The NSAIDs that presented higher mean removal values were 4OH diclofenac (0.8), ibuprofen (0.78), salicylic acid (0.35) and diclofenac (0.28), which are likely to be naturally attenuated under the aforementioned redox conditions. Concerning human health risk assessment, the NSAIDs detected in groundwater and their mixture do not pose any risk for all age intervals considered, as the associated RQs were all less than 0.05. Nevertheless, this value must be taken with caution, as many pharmaceuticals might occur simultaneously in the groundwater.
Collapse
|
11
|
Oberleitner D, Stütz L, Schulz W, Bergmann A, Achten C. Seasonal performance assessment of four riverbank filtration sites by combined non-target and effect-directed analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127706. [PMID: 32717513 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the most relevant organic micropollutants (OMP) in routine analysis appears difficult due to formation of transformation products of unknown concentration or toxicity. Performance assessment of water purification processes is still based upon limited target data. Therefore, we broadened the assessment of the removal efficiencies with combined non-target and effect-directed analysis at four riverbank filtration (RBF) sites in Germany. To assess micropollutant elimination, constancy and formation during different seasons, considering local redox conditions, travel distances and total component number in the river, non-target analysis features were grouped into categories. Furthermore, RBF sites were investigated with four endpoints (baseline toxicity, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, antibiotic effects and estrogenic effects) for thin-layer chromatography - effect-directed analysis for the first time. Results showed elimination or reduction of many features and effects, but also constancy and formation of varying proportions. Fall river samples showed precipitation-caused dilution in both tests. Spring samples showed increased effects only in acetylcholinesterase inhibition and estrogenic effects, probably due to phytoestrogens or algae bloom during vegetation period. Sites were ranked considering the total number of features, group proportions, seasonal variations and intensity and number of effects in abstraction wells. Oxic conditions and low initial component numbers in the river (Ruhr sites) resulted in less effects and fewer formations. Longer travel distances were important for a more efficient reduction of effects and features. Combination of non-target and effect-directed analysis proved to be valuable for a more comprehensive assessment of process performance beyond target analysis as also unknown OMP are observed with both methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Oberleitner
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Stütz
- Laboratory for Operation Control and Research, Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129 Langenau, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schulz
- Laboratory for Operation Control and Research, Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129 Langenau, Germany
| | - Axel Bergmann
- Rheinisch-Westfälische Wasserwerksgesellschaft mbH, Am Schloß Broich 1-3, 45479 Mülheim (Ruhr), Germany
| | - Christine Achten
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kondor AC, Jakab G, Vancsik A, Filep T, Szeberényi J, Szabó L, Maász G, Ferincz Á, Dobosy P, Szalai Z. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the Danube and drinking water wells: Efficiency of riverbank filtration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114893. [PMID: 32544664 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface waters are becoming increasingly contaminated by pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), which is a potential risk factor for drinking water quality owing to incomplete riverbank filtration. This study examined the efficiency of riverbank filtration with regard to 111 PhACs in a highly urbanized section of the river Danube. One hundred seven samples from the Danube were compared to 90 water samples from relevant drinking water abstraction wells (DWAW) during five sampling periods. The presence of 52 PhACs was detected in the Danube, the quantification of 19 agents in this section of the river was without any precedent, and 10 PhACs were present in >80% of the samples. The most frequent PhACs showed higher concentrations in winter than in summer. In the DWAWs, 32 PhACs were quantified. For the majority of PhACs, the bank filtration efficiency was >95%, and not influenced by concentrations measured in the river. For carbamazepine lidocaine, tramadol, and lamotrigine, low (<50%) filtration efficiency was observed; however, no correlations were observed between the concentrations detected in the Danube and in the wells. These frequently occurring PhACs in surface waters have a relatively even distribution, and their sporadic appearance in wells is a function of both space and time, which may be caused by the constantly changing environment and micro-biological parameters, the dynamic operating schedule of abstraction wells, and the resulting sudden changes in flow rates. Due to the changes in the efficiency of riverbank filtration in space and time, predicting the occurrence and concentrations of these four PhACs poses a further challenge to ensuring a safe drinking water supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Csaba Kondor
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary
| | - Gergely Jakab
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., Budapest, H-1117, Hungary; Institute of Geography and Geoinformatics, University of Miskolc, Egyetemváros, Miskolc, H-3515, Hungary.
| | - Anna Vancsik
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary
| | - Tibor Filep
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary
| | - József Szeberényi
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary
| | - Lili Szabó
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gábor Maász
- MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3., Tihany, H-8237, Hungary
| | - Árpád Ferincz
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1., Gödöllő, H-2100, Hungary
| | - Péter Dobosy
- MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Karolina út 29., Budapest, H-1113, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szalai
- Geographical Institute, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, MTA Centre for Excellence, Budaörsi út 45., Budapest, H-1112 Hungary; Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C., Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|