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Zhang H, Ren X, Liu T, Zhao Y, Gan Y, Zheng L. The stereoselective toxicity of dinotefuran to Daphnia magna: A systematic assessment from reproduction, behavior, oxidative stress and digestive function. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138489. [PMID: 36996914 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Dinotefuran is a promising neonicotinoid insecticide with chiral structure. In the present study, the stereoselective toxicity of dinotefuran to Daphnia magna (D. magna) was studied. The present result showed that S-dinotefuran inhibited the reproduction of D. magna at 5.0 mg/L. However, both R-dinotefuran and S-dinotefuran had no genotoxicity to D. magna. Additionally, neither R-dinotefuran nor S-dinotefuran had negative influences on the motor behavior of D. magna. However, S-dinotefuran inhibited the feeding behavior of D. magna at 5.0 mg/L. Both R-dinotefuran and S-dinotefuran induced oxidative stress effect in D. magna after exposure. R-dinotefuran significantly activated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), while S-dinotefuran showed the opposite effect. S-dinotefuran had more obvious activation effect on the acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity and trypsin activity compared to R-dinotefuran. The transcriptome sequencing results showed that S-dinotefuran induced more DEGs in D. magna, and affected the normal function of ribosome. The DEGs were mainly related to the synthesis and metabolism of biomacromolecules, indicating the binding mode between dinotefuran enantiomer and biomacromolecules were different. Additionally, the present result indicated that the digestive enzyme activity and digestive gene expression levels in D. magna were greatly enhanced to cope with the inhibition of S-dinotefuran on the feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiangyu Ren
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Yantai Gan
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution, National Research Center of Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Chen LJ, Tan FH, Li ZZ, Liu W, Lyu B. Contrasting responses of cuticular bacteria of Pardosa pseudoannulata under cadmium stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114832. [PMID: 36989947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Although research into how spiders respond to cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity is ongoing, little is known about the effects of Cd contamination on the exogenous microorganisms of spiders. The current study used 16 S rRNA gene sequencing to evaluate the richness and structure of external bacterial communities in the wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata under long- and short-term Cd stress. Our results showed that Proteobacteria and Acidibacter were the dominating bacterial phylum and genus. The alpha diversity analysis showed that the high background of Cd concentration (Cd) reduced bacterial alpha diversity, and short-term Cd (SCd) stress elevated bacterial richness and diversity. Hub bacterial genera, including Stenotrophobacter, Hymenobacter, Chitinophaga, and Bryobacter, were identified by co-occurrence network analysis and showed high connectance with other bacterial genera. Further investigation revealed 15 and 14 bacterial taxa that were classified distinctively under SCd and Cd stresses. Interestingly, functional prediction analysis showed that Cd stress enhanced some crucial pathways involved in specialized functions, including manganese oxidation and aromatic compound degradation. Random forest and correlation analyses found that the spider's molting time was the dominant driver affecting bacterial phyla (i.e., Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes) and genera (e.g., Acidibacter, Reyranella, and Haliangium). Collectively, this comprehensive analysis creates new perspectives to investigate the divergent responses of microbial communities in the spiders' external habitat under Cd stress, and provides valuable viewpoints for Cd pollution evaluation and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Chen
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shaoyang University, 422099 Shaoyang, China.
| | - Feng-Hua Tan
- Translational Medicine Institute, the First People's Hospital of ChenZhou, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe-Zhi Li
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shaoyang University, 422099 Shaoyang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hunan University of Technology, 412007 Zhuzhou, China
| | - Bo Lyu
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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3
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Zhang HC, Shi CY, Zhao WJ, Chen GW, Liu DZ. Toxicity of herbicide glyphosate to planarian Dugesia japonica and its potential molecular mechanisms. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 256:106425. [PMID: 36805197 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is one of the most widely used agrochemicals in the world, and its exposure has become a public health concern. The freshwater planarian is an ideal test organism for detecting the toxicity of pollutants and has been an emerging animal model in toxicological studies. Nevertheless, the underlying toxicity mechanism of GLY to planarians has not been thoroughly explored. To elucidate the toxicity effects and molecular mechanism involved in GLY exposure of planarians, we studied the acute toxicity, histological change, and transcriptional response of Dugesia japonica subjected to GLY. Significant morphological malformations and histopathological changes were observed in planarians after GLY exposure for different times. Also, a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained at 1, 3 and 5 d after exposure; Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of these DEGs were performed, and a global and dynamic view was obtained in planarians upon GLY exposure at the transcriptomic level. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted on nine DEGs associated with detoxification, apoptosis, stress response, DNA repair, etc. The expression patterns were well consistent with the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) results at different time points, which confirmed the reliability and accuracy of the transcriptome data. Collectively, our results established that GLY could pose adverse effects on the morphology and histo-architecture of D. japonica, and the planarians are capable of responding to the disadvantageous stress by dysregulating the related genes and pathways concerning immune response, detoxification, energy metabolism, DNA damage repair, etc. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of transcriptomic analyses of freshwater planarians exposed to environmental pollutants, and it provided detailed sequencing data deriving from transcriptome profiling to deepen our understanding the molecular toxicity mechanism of GLY to planarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Cai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chang-Ying Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Guang-Wen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - De-Zeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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Chen LJ, Li ZZ, Zhou XW, Xing XY, Lv B. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals molecular responses of spider to single and combined high temperature and drought stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120763. [PMID: 36503821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High temperature and drought are abiotic stresses restricting many arthropods' survival and growth. Wolf spiders are poikilothermic arthropods that are vital in managing insects and pests. Nonetheless, investigating changes in spiders under temperature and drought stress are limited, especially at the molecular and gene expression levels. The study found that the combined effects of high temperature and drought stress significantly reduced survival rates and raised superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels in the wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata. An integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes and metabolites were highly enriched in pathways involved in the proteolysis and oxidation-reduction process. The gene expression profiles displayed that heat shock protein (HSP) families (i.e., small heat shock protein, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP beta protein) were up-regulated under temperature and/or drought stresses. Additionally, a conjoint analysis revealed that under the combined stress, several important enzymes, including maltase-glucoamylase, glycerol-6-phosphate transporter, alanine-glyoxylate transaminase, and prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase, were altered, affecting the metabolism of starch, sucrose, amino acids, and arachidonic acid. The protein interaction network further confirmed that under the combined stress, metabolic processes, peptide metabolic processes, and ATP generation from ADP were up-regulated, indicating that spiders could accelerate the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins to combat stress and maintain homeostasis. Overall, this work showed that exposure to a combination of pressures might cause distinct defensive reactions in spiders and offered novel perspectives to research the molecular underpinnings of spider adaptation to a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Chen
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shaoyang University, 422099, Shaoyang, China.
| | - Zhe-Zhi Li
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shaoyang University, 422099, Shaoyang, China
| | - Xuan-Wei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, 400715, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Xing
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shaoyang University, 422099, Shaoyang, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, 65211, Columbia, USA
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Pfenninger M, Foucault Q, Waldvogel AM, Feldmeyer B. Selective effects of a short transient environmental fluctuation on a natural population. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:335-349. [PMID: 36282585 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural populations experience continuous and often transient changes of environmental conditions. These in turn may result in fluctuating selection pressures leading to variable demographic and evolutionary population responses. Rapid adaptation as short-term response to a sudden environmental change has in several cases been attributed to polygenic traits, but the underlying genomic dynamics and architecture are poorly understood. In this study, we took advantage of a natural experiment in an insect population of the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius by monitoring genome-wide allele frequencies before and after a cold snap event. Whole genome pooled sequencing of time series samples revealed 10 selected haplotypes carrying ancient polymorphisms, partially with signatures of balancing selection. By constantly cold exposing genetically variable individuals in the laboratory, we could demonstrate with whole genome resequencing (i) that among the survivors, the same alleles rose in frequency as in the wild, and (ii) that the identified variants additively predicted fitness (survival time) of its bearers. Finally, by simultaneously sequencing the genome and the transcriptome of cold exposed individuals we could tentatively link some of the selected SNPs to the cis- and trans-regulation of genes and pathways known to be involved in cold response of insects, such as cytochrome P450 and fatty acid metabolism. Altogether, our results shed light on the strength and speed of selection in natural populations and the genomic architecture of its underlying polygenic trait. Population genomic time series data thus appear as promising tool for measuring the selective tracking of fluctuating selection in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Pfenninger
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute for Molecular and Organismic Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Quentin Foucault
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ann-Marie Waldvogel
- Department of Ecological Genomics, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Barbara Feldmeyer
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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6
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Chen LJ, Zhou XW, Li ZZ, Lyu B. Metabolome analysis reveals the toxic effects of cadmium exposure on the egg sac of spider Pardosa pseudoannulata. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114459. [PMID: 38321678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of the toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) on rice field invertebrates has attracted accumulating attention. Spider grants a novel insight into the impacts of Cd stress on invertebrates, but the effects of Cd-induced toxicity and molecular response mechanism of related metabolites in spider's egg sacs remain elusive. This investigation found that Cd stress distinctively decreased vitellogenin (Vg) content and hatched spiderlings numbers in the egg sac of Pardosa pseudoannulata. In addition, Cd stress exerted oxidative stress in the egg sac, manifested as the increase of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels. Further results showed that Cd exposure could affect egg sacs' energy metabolism, including protein and lipid contents. Metabolome analysis generated 73 up-regulated and 63 down-regulated differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), mainly affecting phenylalanine metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Specifically, pathway analysis showed that Cd exposure down-regulated several key factors, including tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, O-phospho-L-serine, and L-cystathionine, and inhibited the metabolism of amino acids in the egg sacs. The subsequent correlation analysis found that three metabolite indicators, 9-Oxo-ODE, PG (17:0/18:2), and PE (17:0/20:5), were the dominant contributors to the egg sec's properties (i.e., Vg content and gained spiderlings). Collectively, this study hopes to provide valuable data for the protection of rice field spiders and offer novel perspectives for Cd pollution assessment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Chen
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shaoyang University, 422099 Shaoyang, China.
| | - Xuan-Wei Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, No. 1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe-Zhi Li
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shaoyang University, 422099 Shaoyang, China
| | - Bo Lyu
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Lv B, Peng Y, Peng YD, Wang Z, Song QS. Integrated transcriptome and proteome unveiled distinct toxicological effects of long-term cadmium pollution on the silk glands of Pardosa pseudoannulata. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158841. [PMID: 36116647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) induces severe soil pollution worldwide and exerts adverse effects on paddy field arthropods. Spiders grant a novel perspective to assess the Cd-induced toxicity, yet the impacts of long-term Cd stress on spider silk glands and its underlying mechanism remain elusive. The study showed that Cd stress enervated the antioxidant system in the spider Pardosa pseudoannulata, manifested as the decreases of glutathione peroxidase and peroxidase, and the increase of malonaldehyde (p < 0.05). In addition, a total of 1459 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 404 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were obtained from the silk glands' transcriptome and proteome. DEGs and DEPs encoding spidroin (e.g., tubuliform spidroin and ampullate spidroin) and amino acids metabolism (e.g., alanine, proline, and glycine) were distinctively down-regulated. Further enrichment analysis verified that Cd stress could inhibit amino acid metabolism via the down-regulation of several key enzymes, including glutathione synthase, methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, etc. In addition, the hedgehog signaling pathway regulating cellular growth and development was down-regulated under Cd stress. A protein-protein interaction network showed that long-term Cd stress could inhibit some key biological processes in the silk glands, including peptide biosynthetic process and cytoskeleton part. Collectively, this comprehensive study established an effective animal detection model for evaluating Cd-induced toxicity, presented key biomarkers for further validation, and provided novel insights to investigate the molecular mechanisms of spiders to Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lv
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China; Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, 65211 Columbia, USA
| | - Yong Peng
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan-de Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China.
| | - Qi-Sheng Song
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, 65211 Columbia, USA.
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Dai OL, Lei ZY, Peng YD, Wang Z. Integrative analysis uncovers response mechanism of Pirata subpiraticus to chronic cadmium stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:90070-90080. [PMID: 35864398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution is global environmental pollution and adversely affects paddy field organisms. Wolf spider grants a new insight to evaluate the toxicity triggered by Cd, yet the impact of chronic Cd exposure on the spider and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. The present study found that the wolf spider Pirata subpiraticus fed with Cd-accumulated flies for 5 weeks presented lower catalase, peroxidase, and acetylcholinesterase activities and higher malonaldehyde content than the control spiders (p < 0.05). An in-depth transcriptomic analysis yielded a total of 5995 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, with 3857 up-regulated and 2138 down-regulated genes) from the comparison, and 19 DEGs encoding three enzymatic indicators were down-regulated. Further enrichment analysis indicated that Cd stress could inhibit the expression of cuticle and chitin-encoding genes via the down-regulation of several key enzymes, such as chitin synthase, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase, and chitinase. In addition, our findings suggested that hedgehog and FoxO signaling pathways might play an essential role in regulating survival, cell cycle, and autophagy process in spiders, which were primarily down-regulated under Cd stress. An intensely interactive network displayed that Cd exposure could repress key biological processes in P. subpiraticus, particularly peptide metabolic process and peptide biosynthetic process. To sum up, this integrative investigation confirmed an effective bioindicator for assessing Cd-induced toxicity; provided a mass of genes, proteins, and enzymes for further validation; and granted novel perspectives to uncover the molecular responses of spiders to Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou-Lin Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zi-Yan Lei
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuan-de Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Li ZZ, Zhou XW, Chen LJ. Transcriptomic analysis of cadmium toxicity and molecular response in the spiderling of Pirata subpiraticus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 261:109441. [PMID: 35981662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a kind of toxic heavy metal widely distributed in the environment, posing life-threatening challenges to organisms. The paddy field spider is a natural enemy of pests and an essential component of rice biodiversity. Nonetheless, the effects of Cd stress on the postembryonic development of spiders and its detailed mechanism remain to be investigated. In the present study, we found that Cd stress posed adverse impacts on the growth indicators (e.g., carapace length, development duration, and survival rate) and increased the levels of three antioxidants (i.e., superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase) in the spiderlings of Pirata subpiraticus. An in-depth transcriptome analysis was employed in the study, and the results displayed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in postembryonic morphogenesis, development involved in symbiotic interaction, postembryonic development, and growth were distinctively altered under Cd stress. Further enrichment analysis showed that Cd exposure could activate the apoptosis pathway in the spider via the up-regulation of several key factors, including caspase-10, α-tubulin, actin, etc. In addition, we demonstrated that the increased level of glutathione-related enzymes in spiderlings was caused by the activation of glutathione metabolic pathway. The altered hedgehog signaling pathway might affect cell proliferation, tissue patterning, and development of spiderlings. Further protein interaction network displayed that Cd stress could affect multiple biological processes in spiderlings, particularly cellular response to stimulus and system development. To sum up, this study can provide multi-level perspectives to understand the toxicity of Cd on the growth and development of spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Zhi Li
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shaoyang University, 422099 Shaoyang, China
| | - Xuan-Wei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, 400715, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shaoyang University, 422099 Shaoyang, China.
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10
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Tang YE, Wang J, Li N, He Y, Zeng Z, Peng Y, Lv B, Zhang XR, Sun HM, Wang Z, Song QS. Comparative analysis unveils the cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity on the testes of Pardosa pseudoannulata. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154328. [PMID: 35257768 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is one of the most serious heavy metal pollutions in the world, which has been demonstrated to cause different toxicities to living organisms. Cd has been widely suggested to cause reproductive toxicity to vertebrates, yet its reproductive toxicity to invertebrates is not comprehensive. In this study, the wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata was used as a bioindicator to evaluate the male reproductive toxicity of invertebrates under Cd stress. Cd stress had no effect on the color, size and length of testis. However, Cd significantly increased the contents of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde, the antioxidants in the testis of P. pseudoannulata. Then we analyzed the transcriptome of testis exposed to Cd, and identified a total of 4739 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to control, with 2368 up-regulated and 2371 down-regulated. The enrichment analysis showed that Cd stress could affect spermatogenesis, sperm motility, post-embryonic development, oxidative phosphorylation and metabolism and synthesis of male reproductive components. At the same time, the protein-protein interaction network was constructed with the generated DEGs. Combined with the enrichment analysis of key modules, it revealed that Cd stress could further affect the metabolic process in testis. In general, the analysis of testicular damage and transcriptome under Cd stress can provide a novel insight into the reproductive toxicity of Cd on rice filed arthropods and offer a reference for the protection of rice filed spiders under Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-E Tang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan He
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Peng
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Lv
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Xin-Ru Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Min Sun
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China.
| | - Qi-Sheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Peng Y, Lv B, Lei ZY, Peng YD, Chen LJ, Wang Z. Toxic effects of the combined cadmium and Cry1Ab protein exposure on the protective and transcriptomic responses of Pirata subpiraticus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113631. [PMID: 35598445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution poses a serious threat to agricultural production and paddy field fauna. Crystalline proteins (e.g., Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac) are secreted by Bacillus thuringiensis, which can manage pests via a complicated toxic mechanism and have been widely used for pest control due to the commercialization of transgenic crops (e.g., cotton and rice) that expresses Bt insecticidal proteins. Nonetheless, studies on the effects of combined stress of Cd and Cry1Ab protein on field indicator species are limited. In the present study, we showed that spiders, Pirata subpiraticus, fed with Cd-containing flies+Cry1Ab had dramatically higher Cd accumulation than that in the spiders fed with Cd-containing flies (p < 0.05). In addition, the enrichment of Cd led to the activation of the protective mechanism by elevating the concentrations of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and metallothionein in the spiders (p < 0.05). An in-depth transcriptome analysis revealed that the activities of ion metal binding proteins, transporters, and channels might play essential roles in the Cd accumulation process. More importantly, the higher Cd concentration in the combined Cd+Cry1Ab exposure prolonged developmental duration of P. subpiraticus, due to the down-regulated cuticle proteins (CPs) encoding genes involved in the molting process, which was regulated by a series of putative transcriptional factors such as ZBTB and zf-C2H2. Collectively, this integrated analysis illustrates that the combined Cd+Cry1Ab exposure increases the adverse effects of Cd stress on the growth, antioxidase, and CPs encoding genes of P. subpiraticus, thus providing a research basis and prospect for the rationality of transgenic Cry1Ab crops in the cultivation of heavy metal contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Lv
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Zi-Yan Lei
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuan-de Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China; Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China.
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Lv B, Zhuo JZ, Peng YD, Wang Z. Comparative analysis of cadmium-induced toxicity and survival responses in the wolf spider Pirata subpiraticus under low-temperature treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:32832-32844. [PMID: 35020152 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a serious heavy metal pollution in paddy fields, but its effect and underlying mechanism on soil arthropod overwintering and cold resistance are still unclear. In the present study, adult females of the wolf spider Pirata subpiraticus exposed to Cd stress underwent a simulated temperature process (25℃ → 16℃ → 8℃ → 4℃). The mortality rate and content of nutrients in the Cd-treated spiders were dramatically elevated after low-temperature treatment compared to those in the Cd-free control spiders under the same temperature condition. To uncover the putative modulatory mechanism of Cd on cold tolerance in P. subpiraticus, we employed an in-depth RNA sequencing analysis and yielded a total of 888 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Besides, we characterized genes that participate in multiple cryoprotectant syntheses, including arginine, cysteine, glucose, glycerol, heat shock protein, and mannose. The enrichment analyses found that most of the DEGs involved in biological processes and pathways were related to carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Notably, ten Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, such as starch and sucrose metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, mineral absorption, and vitamin digestion and absorption, were distinctively enriched with downregulated genes. Meanwhile, we also identified that seven DEGs might inhibit the KEGG pathway of ovarian steroidogenesis and potentially cripple ovarian function and fecundity in the spider. The decreased egg sac weight, number of hatched spiderlings, and vitellin concentration further supported the view that Cd exposure vitiates the overwintering spider's fecundity. Collectively, the comparative analysis provides a novel perspective regarding the survival response and fecundity on the cold tolerance of spiders under Cd stress and offers a profound insight for evaluating Cd-induced toxicity on overwintering arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lv
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun-Zhe Zhuo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan-de Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Yang H, Wang Z, Wang J, Lv B, Wu Z, Tian J, Yang J. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress and transcriptome changes in the wolf spider Pirata subpiraticus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147364. [PMID: 33957595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spiders are believed to have enormous potential for indicating heavy metal pollution in ecosystems. The diversity of influencing factors caused significant differences in the toxicities of cadmium (Cd) on spiders. There is limited understanding of the underlying mechanism and response to acute Cd exposure at different concentrations and different poisoning times. We exposed adult female P. subpiraticus to 0.2 mM and 2 mM Cd for 6 and 12 h, respectively, to explore acute Cd toxicities by RNA-seq. We measured the bioaccumulation levels in P. subpiraticus and tested the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). There were 187, 292, 101 and 155 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after exposure to 0.2 mM and 2 mM Cd for 6 and 12 h, respectively. The results revealed that Cd accumulated in P. subpiraticus, changed the SOD and GST activities, and caused significant adverse effects at the molecular level on metabolism and immune and oxidative stress, with time- and concentration-dependent differences. Transcriptome analysis showed that acute Cd exposure depressed lipid metabolism and induced protein metabolism, especially serine metabolism. Genes encoding lipoproteins were depressed when exposed to 0.2 mM Cd, while fatty acid-related genes were downregulated under 2 mM Cd stress. In total, 46 cuticle-related genes were upregulated, and 6 cytoskeleton-related genes changed notably in the immune process. Peroxidase-related genes were further upregulated significantly. Meanwhile, the pathways related to metabolism, immunity and oxidative stress were significantly enriched. This report illustrated that acute Cd exposure exerts toxicities on P. subpiraticus and the spiders against acute Cd toxicities by selective differential expression of the genes associated with the physiological process of metabolism and immune and antioxidant stress. This study provides a comprehensive transcriptional basis for understanding the response of the P. sublimations to heavy metals at different concentrations and different treatment times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Lv
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Zhibin Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Jianxiang Tian
- College of Continuing Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
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Lv B, Wang J, He Y, Zeng Z, Tang YE, Li N, Chen LJ, Wang Z, Song QS. Molecular response uncovers neurotoxicity of Pardosa pseudoannulata exposed to cadmium pressure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:117000. [PMID: 33784568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widely distributed heavy metal in south of China. Growing evidence indicates that systemic exposure to Cd, particularly the long-term exposure, may cause neurotoxic effects. Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying Cd neurotoxicity remain not completely understood. In this report, we investigated the neural alterations in the spider Pardosa pseudoannulata (Bösenberg and Strand, 1906) exposed to long-term Cd (LCd) and short-term Cd (SCd) pressure. Cd stress lowered foraging ability and prey consuming time in the spiders. In addition, enzymatic analysis results indicated that Cd exposure reduced the level of acetylcholinesterase at subcellular level. We then identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Cd exposed spiders using pairwise comparisons and found that a large number of DEGs were related to neurotransmitter receptors and ion transport and binding proteins. Notably, LCd exposure harbored more altered genes in ion transporter activity comparing with SCd exposure. From six K-means clusters, 53 putative transcriptional factors (TFs) belonging to 21 families were characterized, and ZBTB subfamily displayed the most distinctive alterations in the characterized genes, which is assumed to play a key role in the regulation of ion transmembrane process under Cd stress. A protein-to-protein interaction network constructed by the yielded DEGs also showed that ion and receptor binding activities were affected under long-term Cd exposure. Four key modules from the network indicated that Cd may further down-regulate energy metabolism pathway in spiders. Collectively, this comprehensive analysis provides multi-dimensional insights to understand the molecular response of spiders to Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, 410081, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, 410081, China
| | - Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, 410081, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, 410081, China
| | - Yun-E Tang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, 410081, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, 410081, China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, 410081, China.
| | - Qi-Sheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Li F, Lv Y, Wen Z, Bian C, Zhang X, Guo S, Shi Q, Li D. The complete mitochondrial genome of the intertidal spider (Desis jiaxiangi) provides novel insights into the adaptive evolution of the mitogenome and the evolution of spiders. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:72. [PMID: 33931054 PMCID: PMC8086345 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although almost all extant spider species live in terrestrial environments, a few species live fully submerged in freshwater or seawater. The intertidal spiders (genus Desis) built silk nests within coral crevices can survive submerged in high tides. The diving bell spider, Argyroneta aquatica, resides in a similar dynamic environment but exclusively in freshwater. Given the pivotal role played by mitochondria in supplying most energy for physiological activity via oxidative phosphorylation and the environment, herein we sequenced the complete mitogenome of Desis jiaxiangi to investigate the adaptive evolution of the aquatic spider mitogenomes and the evolution of spiders. RESULTS We assembled a complete mitogenome of the intertidal spider Desis jiaxiangi and performed comparative mitochondrial analyses of data set comprising of Desis jiaxiangi and other 45 previously published spider mitogenome sequences, including that of Argyroneta aquatica. We found a unique transposition of trnL2 and trnN genes in Desis jiaxiangi. Our robust phylogenetic topology clearly deciphered the evolutionary relationships between Desis jiaxiangi and Argyroneta aquatica as well as other spiders. We dated the divergence of Desis jiaxiangi and Argyroneta aquatica to the late Cretaceous at ~ 98 Ma. Our selection analyses detected a positive selection signal in the nd4 gene of the aquatic branch comprising both Desis jiaxiangi and Argyroneta aquatica. Surprisingly, Pirata subpiraticus, Hypochilus thorelli, and Argyroneta aquatica each had a higher Ka/Ks value in the 13 PCGs dataset among 46 taxa with complete mitogenomes, and these three species also showed positive selection signal in the nd6 gene. CONCLUSIONS Our finding of the unique transposition of trnL2 and trnN genes indicates that these genes may have experienced rearrangements in the history of intertidal spider evolution. The positive selection signals in the nd4 and nd6 genes might enable a better understanding of the spider metabolic adaptations in relation to different environments. Our construction of a novel mitogenome for the intertidal spider thus sheds light on the evolutionary history of spiders and their mitogenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, 518083 China
- Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
| | - Yunyun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100 China
| | - Zhengyong Wen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Chao Bian
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Shengtao Guo
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Qiong Shi
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Daiqin Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
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Fan Z, Yuan T, Liu P, Wang LY, Jin JF, Zhang F, Zhang ZS. A chromosome-level genome of the spider Trichonephila antipodiana reveals the genetic basis of its polyphagy and evidence of an ancient whole-genome duplication event. Gigascience 2021; 10:6178709. [PMID: 33739402 PMCID: PMC7976613 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The spider Trichonephila antipodiana (Araneidae), commonly known as the batik golden web spider, preys on arthropods with body sizes ranging from ∼2 mm in length to insects larger than itself (>20‒50 mm), indicating its polyphagy and strong dietary detoxification abilities. Although it has been reported that an ancient whole-genome duplication event occurred in spiders, lack of a high-quality genome has limited characterization of this event. Results We present a chromosome‐level T. antipodiana genome constructed on the basis of PacBio and Hi-C sequencing. The assembled genome is 2.29 Gb in size with a scaffold N50 of 172.89 Mb. Hi‐C scaffolding assigned 98.5% of the bases to 13 pseudo-chromosomes, and BUSCO completeness analysis revealed that the assembly included 94.8% of the complete arthropod universal single-copy orthologs (n = 1,066). Repetitive elements account for 59.21% of the genome. We predicted 19,001 protein-coding genes, of which 96.78% were supported by transcriptome-based evidence and 96.32% matched protein records in the UniProt database. The genome also shows substantial expansions in several detoxification-associated gene families, including cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases, carboxyl/cholinesterases, glutathione-S-transferases, and ATP-binding cassette transporters, reflecting the possible genomic basis of polyphagy. Further analysis of the T. antipodiana genome architecture reveals an ancient whole-genome duplication event, based on 2 lines of evidence: (i) large-scale duplications from inter-chromosome synteny analysis and (ii) duplicated clusters of Hox genes. Conclusions The high-quality T. antipodiana genome represents a valuable resource for spider research and provides insights into this species’ adaptation to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Piao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lu-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jian-Feng Jin
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
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Lv B, Yang HL, Peng YD, Wang J, Zeng Z, Li N, Tang YE, Wang Z, Song QS. Cadmium exposure alters expression of protective enzymes and protein processing genes in venom glands of the wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115847. [PMID: 33130443 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is currently the most serious type of heavy metal pollution throughout the world. Previous studies have shown that Cd elevates the mortality of paddy field spiders, but the lethal mechanism remains to be explored profoundly. In the present study, we measured the activities of protective enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, glutathione peroxidase, phenol oxidase) and a heavy metal chelating protein (metallothionein) in the pond wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata after Cd exposure. The results indicated that Cd initially increased the enzyme activities and protein concentration of the spider after 10- and 20-day exposure before inhibiting them at 30-day exposure. Further analysis showed that the enzyme activities in the cephalothorax were inhibited to some extent. Since the cephalothorax region contains important venom glands, we performed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the venom glands collected from the spiders after long-term Cd exposure. RNA-seq yielded a total of 2826 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and most of the DEGs were annotated into the process of protein synthesis, processing and degradation. Furthermore, a mass of genes involved in protein recognition and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) -associated protein degradation were down-regulated. The reduction of protease activities supports the view that protein synthesis and degradation in organelles and cytoplasm were dramatically inhibited. Collectively, our outcomes illustrate that Cd poses adverse effects on the expression of protective enzymes and protein, which potentially down-regulates the immune function in the venom glands of the spiders via the alteration of protein processing and degradation in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lv
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Lin Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan-de Peng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-E Tang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China.
| | - Qi-Sheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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