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Bayode AA, Emmanuel SS, Akinyemi AO, Ore OT, Akpotu SO, Koko DT, Momodu DE, López-Maldonado EA. Innovative techniques for combating a common enemy forever chemicals: A comprehensive approach to mitigating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119719. [PMID: 39098711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The pervasive presence of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly referred to as "forever chemicals," in water systems poses a significant threat to both the environment and public health. PFAS are persistent organic pollutants that are incredibly resistant to degradation and have a tendency to accumulate in the environment, resulting in long-term contamination issues. This comprehensive review delves into the primary impacts of PFAS on both the environment and human health while also delving into advanced techniques aimed at addressing these concerns. The focus is on exploring the efficacy, practicality, and sustainability of these methods. The review outlines several key methods, such as advanced oxidation processes, novel materials adsorption, bioremediation, membrane filtration, and in-situ chemical oxidation, and evaluates their effectiveness in addressing PFAS contamination. By conducting a comparative analysis of these techniques, the study aims to provide a thorough understanding of current PFAS remediation technologies, as well as offer insights into integrated approaches for managing these persistent pollutants effectively. While acknowledging the high efficiency of adsorption and membrane filtration in reducing persistent organic pollutants due to their relatively low cost, versatility, and wide applicability, the review suggests that the integration of these methods could result in an overall enhancement of removal performance. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for researcher attention in key areas and underscores the necessity of collaboration between researchers, industry, and regulatory authorities to address this complex challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola A Bayode
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, 232101, Ede, Nigeria.
| | - Stephen Sunday Emmanuel
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Amos O Akinyemi
- Department of Toxicology & Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Odunayo T Ore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, P.M.B. 1030, Owo, Nigeria
| | - Samson O Akpotu
- Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Daniel T Koko
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, 232101, Ede, Nigeria
| | - David E Momodu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, 232101, Ede, Nigeria
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2
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Zhao Y, Wang M, Chu W. Neurotoxicity and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis induced by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135611. [PMID: 39173387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been called "forever chemicals" due to their inherent chemical stability. Their potential toxic effects on aquatic animals and health risk assessments have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of PFASs at environmentally relevant concentrations (200 ng/L) on crucian carp (Carassius auratus). The results showed that PFAS reduced the comfort behaviour of crucian carp and was associated with reduced levels of acetylcholinesterase and dopamine in the brain. PFAS exposure also decreased the activities of total superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, while increasing the levels of malondialdehyde. PFAS caused over-expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ and stress-related genes Caspase-3, HSP-70 in the fish brain. Pathological staining showed that PFAS caused multifocal demyelination and perineural vacuolization in brain, intestinal tissue also showed reduced villus length and focal damage. PFASs altered the composition of the gut microbiota of crucian carp, significantly increasing the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria and the potential pathogenicity of the microbiota. It is suggested that PFASs may cause varying degrees of tissue damage by destabilising the gut microbiota. These results provide insights for assessing the toxicity of PFAS contaminants at aquatic environmental concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Synthetic Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Minyu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Synthetic Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Weihua Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Synthetic Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Ohoro CR, Amaku JF, Conradie J, Olisah C, Akpomie KG, Malloum A, Akpotu SO, Adegoke KA, Okeke ES, Omotola EO. Effect of physicochemical parameters on the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aquatic environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 208:117040. [PMID: 39366060 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their distribution in aquatic environments have been studied extensively, but more information is needed to link these occurrences to their physicochemical characteristics. Understanding how these parameters influence PFAS can help predict their fate, mobility, and occurrences in water. This study reviewed the influence of physicochemical parameters on the occurrences of PFAS in aquatic environment using the relevant keywords to retrieve articles from databases spanning mostly between 2017 and 2024. The result suggests that high pH, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen, give high concentration of PFAS, while high electrical conductivity, temperature and salinity give low PFAS concentration in the water. Therefore, monitoring and safeguarding the aquatic bodies for human and environmental safety is imperative. Future studies should include the effects of the physicochemical properties on PFAS occurrences in the natural environment and focus on an organism's distinctive characteristics to comprehend the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of PFAS in them and environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - James F Amaku
- Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Environmental Fate of Chemicals and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Chijioke Olisah
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/753, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kovo G Akpomie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Alhadji Malloum
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Samson O Akpotu
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South Africa
| | - Kayode A Adegoke
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety, Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Elizabeth O Omotola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu Ode PMB 2118, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Blazer VS, Walsh HL, Smith CR, Gordon SE, Keplinger BJ, Wertz TA. Tissue distribution and temporal and spatial assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the mid-Atlantic United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-35097-6. [PMID: 39348015 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become an environmental issue worldwide. A first step to assessing potential adverse effects on fish populations is to determine if concentrations of concern are present in a region and if so, in which watersheds. Hence, plasma from adult smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu collected at 10 sites within 4 river systems in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, from 2014 to 2019, was analyzed for 13 PFAS. These analyses were directed at better understanding the presence and associations with land use attributes in an important sportfish. Four substances, PFOS, PFDA, PFUnA, and PFDoA, were detected in every plasma sample, with PFOS having the highest concentrations. Sites with mean plasma concentrations of PFOS below 100 ng/ml had the lowest percentage of developed landcover in the upstream catchments. Sites with moderate plasma concentrations (mean PFOS concentrations between 220 and 240 ng/ml) had low (< 7.0) percentages of developed land use but high (> 30) percentages of agricultural land use. Sites with mean plasma concentrations of PFOS > 350 ng/ml had the highest percentage of developed land use and the highest number PFAS facilities that included military installations and airports. Four of the sites were part of a long-term monitoring project, and PFAS concentrations of samples collected in spring 2017, 2018, and 2019 were compared. Significant annual differences in plasma concentrations were noted that may relate to sources and climatic factors. Samples were also collected at two sites for tissue (plasma, whole blood, liver, gonad, muscle) distribution analyses with an expanded analyte list of 28 PFAS. Relative tissue distributions were not consistent even within one species of similar ages. Although the long-chained legacy PFAS were generally detected more frequently and at higher concentrations, emerging compounds such as 6:2 FTS and GEN X were detected in a variety of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki S Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center - Leetown Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA.
| | - Heather L Walsh
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center - Leetown Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Cheyenne R Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center - Leetown Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Stephanie E Gordon
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center - Leetown Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA
| | | | - Timothy A Wertz
- Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Harrisburg, PA, 17101, USA
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Jiang JY, How CM, Huang CW, Luo YS, Wei CC. Comparing the obesogenic effect and regulatory mechanisms of long-term exposure to per/polyfluoroalkyl substances with different terminal groups in Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 365:143396. [PMID: 39313077 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous, bioaccumulative, and recalcitrant contaminants, posing global exposure and health risks. The effects of chemical structures on toxicities and the mechanisms of their obesogenic effects were largely unclear. This study used the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to assess the impact of long-term exposure to different PFASs (PFNA, PFOSA, PFBS, PFHxS, 6:2 FTS, 4:2 FTS, PFOA, and PFOS) on growth and lipid metabolism and discussed the obesogenic mechanisms of selected PFASs. The growth assays indicated longer carbon-fluorine (-CF) chains and total fluorine atoms increased developmental toxicity of PFASs, while at 8 -CF chain-length, PFNA (-COOH terminal), PFOS (-SO3 terminal), and PFOSA (-SO2NH2 terminal) exhibited differential growth inhibition. With the toxicity ranking of PFNA > PFOS > PFOSA, all PFASs significantly induced total lipid accumulation and perturbed the lipid composition in C. elegans. All three PFASs significantly induced lipogenesis gene expression and partially suppressed lipolysis genes. The results suggested that the disruption of lipid metabolism of PFOSA depends on sbp-1, while PFNA and PFOS depend on nhr-49. In conclusion, long-term exposure to PFNA, PFOSA, and PFOS triggers obesogenic effects in organisms by distinct molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Jiang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chun Ming How
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Syuan Luo
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Master of Public Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Wei
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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Peter KT, Gilbreath A, Gonzalez M, Tian Z, Wong A, Yee D, Miller EL, Avellaneda PM, Chen D, Patterson A, Fitzgerald N, Higgins CP, Kolodziej EP, Sutton R. Storms mobilize organophosphate esters, bisphenols, PFASs, and vehicle-derived contaminants to San Francisco Bay watersheds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024. [PMID: 39291694 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
In urban to peri-urban watersheds such as those surrounding San Francisco Bay, stormwater runoff is a major pathway by which contaminants enter aquatic ecosystems. We evaluated the occurrence of 154 organic contaminants via liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), bisphenols, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and a suite of novel urban stormwater tracers (SWCECs; i.e., vehicle-derived chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals/personal care products, benzothiazoles/benzotriazoles). Time-averaged composite sampling focused on storms in highly developed watersheds over four wet seasons, with complementary sampling in less-urban reference watersheds, near-shore estuarine sites, and the open Bay. Of the targeted contaminants, 68 (21 SWCECs, 29 OPEs, 3 bisphenols, 15 PFASs) were detected in ≥10 of 26 urban stormwater samples. Median concentrations exceeded 500 ng L-1 for 1,3-diphenylguanidine, hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine, and caffeine, and exceeded 300 ng L-1 for 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole, 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, pentachlorophenol, and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate. Median individual PFAS concentrations were <10 ng L-1, with highest concentrations for PFHxA (180 ng L-1), PFOA (110 ng L-1), and PFOS (81 ng L-1). In six of eight urban stormwater samples analyzed for 6PPD-quinone (a tire rubber-derived transformation product), concentrations exceeded coho salmon acute toxicity thresholds, suggesting (sub)lethal impacts for sensitive species. Observed concentrations were generally significantly higher in highly developed watersheds relative to reference watersheds, but not statistically different in near-shore estuarine sites, suggesting substantial transient exposure potential at stormwater outfalls or creek outflows. Results emphasized the role of stormwater in contaminant transport, the importance of vehicles/roadways as contaminant sources, and the value of monitoring broad multi-analyte contaminant suites to enable comprehensive source and toxicity evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T Peter
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
| | | | - Melissa Gonzalez
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adam Wong
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
| | - Don Yee
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
| | - Ezra L Miller
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
| | | | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | | | - Nicole Fitzgerald
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Christopher P Higgins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Edward P Kolodziej
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA 98421, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rebecca Sutton
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
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Han J, Choong CE, Jang M, Lee J, Hyun S, Lee WS, Kim M. Causative mechanisms limiting the removal efficiency of short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by activated carbon. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 365:143320. [PMID: 39303790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been found to be relatively high in water treatment systems compared to long-chain PFAS because of the unsatisfactory adsorption efficiency of short-chain PFAS. Knowledge about why short-chain PFAS are less removed by porous carbon is very limited. The study focused on providing causal mechanisms that link the low adsorption of short-chain PFAS and proposing an improved method for removing both short- and long-chain PFAS. The long-chain PFAS with higher hydrophobicity diffused more quickly than the short-chain PFAS due to stronger partitioning driving forces. In the initial adsorption stage, therefore, pores of activated carbon were blocked by long-chain PFAS, which makes it difficult for the short-chain PFAS to enter the internal pores. Although several short-chain PFAS diffuse into the pores, the relatively more hydrophilic short-chain congeners cannot be fully adsorbed on activated carbon due to limited positively charged sites. Moreover, compared to larger particle sizes, smaller activated carbon particles have shorter pore channels near the surface, reducing the risk of pore-blocking and ensuring the pores remain accessible for more efficient adsorption. Additionally, these smaller particles offer a greater external surface area and more functional groups, which enhance the adsorption capacity. It indicates that the smaller particle size of activated carbon would have a positive effect on the short-chain PFAS removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Han
- Environmental Planning Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Rutgers University, New Jersey, 07102, United States
| | - Choe Earn Choong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea; Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea; Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghee Lee
- Ministry of Environment, Hanam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 12902, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Hyun
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Lee
- Yeongsan River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Gwangju, 61945, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- Ministry of Environment, Hanam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 12902, Republic of Korea.
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Meservey A, Külaots I, Bryant JD, Gray C, Wahl J, Manz KE, Pennell KD. Adsorption of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on biochar derived from municipal sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 365:143331. [PMID: 39278324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Granular activated carbon (GAC) and ion exchange resin (IXR) are widely used as adsorbents to remove PFAS from drinking water sources and effluent waste streams. However, the high cost associated with GAC and IXR generation has motivated the development of less expensive adsorbents for treatment of PFAS-impacted water. Thus, the objective of this research was to create an economically viable and sustainable PFAS adsorbent from sewage sludge. Stepwise pyrolysis at temperatures from 300 °C to 1000 °C yielded biochars whose specific surface area (SSA) and porosity increased from 41 to 148 m2/g, and from 0.062 to 0.193 cm3/g, respectively. On a per organic char basis, the SSA of the biochar was as high as 1183 m2/g, which is comparable to commercially-available activated carbons. The adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) on sludge biochar increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature, which was positively correlated with increasing porosity and SSA. When 1000 °C processed biochar was tested with a mixture of eight PFAS, preferential adsorption of longer carbon chain-length species was observed, indicating the importance of PFAS hydrophobic interactions with the biochar and the availability of a wide range of mesopores. The adsorption of each PFAS was dependent upon both chain length and head group, with longer chain-length species exhibiting greater adsorption than shorter chain-length species, along with greater adsorption of species with sulfonic acid head groups compared to their chain length counterparts with carboxylic acid head groups. These findings demonstrate that biochar derived from municipal solid waste can serve as a cost-effective and sustainable adsorbent for the removal of PFOS and PFAS mixtures from source waters. The circular economy benefits and waste reduction potential associated with the use of sewage sludge-derived biochar supports the development of a viable sludge-derived biochar for the removal of PFAS from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Meservey
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, United States
| | - Indrek Külaots
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, United States
| | - J Daniel Bryant
- Woodard & Curran, 50 Millstone Road, Building 400, East Windsor, NJ, 08520, United States
| | - Chloe Gray
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, United States
| | - Julia Wahl
- Woodard & Curran, 47 Pleasant Street, Northampton, MA, 01060, United States
| | - Katherine E Manz
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Kurt D Pennell
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, United States.
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Yang L, Ji P, Miranda Buzetta AA, Li H, Lockett MR, Zhou H, Oldenburg AL. Longitudinal tracking of perfluorooctanoic acid exposure on mammary epithelial cell spheroids by dynamic optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:5115-5127. [PMID: 39296396 PMCID: PMC11407248 DOI: 10.1364/boe.530775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the morphology and intracellular motility of mammary epithelial cell (MCF10DCIS.com) spheroids cultured in 3D artificial extracellular matrix under perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure. Dynamic optical coherence tomography (OCT) was employed for real-time, non-invasive imaging of these spheroids longitudinally over 12 days under PFOA exposures up to 500 µM. Despite no significant changes in volume or asphericity of spheroids, morphological alterations were observed in OCT images of spheroids at 100 µM on Day 12 and from Day 4 at 500 µM. Intracellular motility was assessed by the inverse-power-law exponent of the speckle fluctuation spectrum (α), and an autocorrelation-based motility amplitude (M). Linear regression indicated that both PFOA concentration and culture time are highly significant predictors for both α and M (p < 0.001 for all). Both PFOA concentration and culture time have positive associations with α and negative association with M, where increased α indicates suppression of higher frequency fluctuations (∼> 2 Hz) relative to those at lower frequencies, and decreased M indicates overall suppression of intracellular motility. This study can lead to the future development of biomarkers for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure using dynamic OCT and its associated toolkit of quantitative metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pan Ji
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Abel A Miranda Buzetta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haolin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amy L Oldenburg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Khan AUH, Liu Y, Naidu R, Fang C, Shon HK, Zhang H, Dharmarajan R. Changes in the Aggregation Behaviour of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Influenced by Perfluorooctanoic Acid, Salts, and Humic Acid in Simulated Waters. TOXICS 2024; 12:602. [PMID: 39195704 PMCID: PMC11359926 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The increasing utilization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in many consumer products is of concern due to their eventual release into the natural environment and induction of potentially adverse impacts. The behaviour and environmental impacts of ZnO-NPs could be altered through their interactions with environmentally coexisting substances. This study investigated the changes in the behaviour of ZnO-NPs in the presence of coexisting organic pollutants (such as perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA]), natural organic substances (i.e., humic acid [HA]), and electrolytes (i.e., NaCl and CaCl2) in simulated waters. The size, shape, purity, crystallinity, and surface charge of the ZnO-NPs in simulated water after different interaction intervals (such as 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks) at a controlled pH of 7 were examined using various characterization techniques. The results indicated alterations in the size (such as 162.4 nm, 1 day interaction to >10 µm, 3 weeks interaction) and zeta potential (such as -47.2 mV, 1 day interaction to -0.2 mV, 3 weeks interaction) of the ZnO-NPs alone and when PFOA, electrolytes, and HA were present in the suspension. Different influences on the size and surface charge of the nanoparticles were observed for fixed concentrations (5 mM) of the different electrolytes. The presence of HA-dispersed ZnO-NPs affected the zeta potential. Such dispersal effects were also observed in the presence of both PFOA and salts due to their large aliphatic carbon content and complex structure. Cation bridging effects, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and van der Waals forces could be potential interaction forces responsible for the adsorption of PFOA. The presence of organic pollutants (PFOA) and natural organic substances (HA) can transform the surface characteristics and fate of ZnO-NPs in natural and sea waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ul Haq Khan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.U.H.K.); (R.N.); (C.F.)
- crc for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (crcCARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yanju Liu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.U.H.K.); (R.N.); (C.F.)
- crc for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (crcCARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.U.H.K.); (R.N.); (C.F.)
- crc for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (crcCARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Cheng Fang
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.U.H.K.); (R.N.); (C.F.)
- crc for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (crcCARE), ATC Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Electron Microscope and X-ray (EMX) Unit, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Rajarathnam Dharmarajan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
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11
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Sinclair GM, Jones OAH, Singh N, Long SM. Exposure to PFAS contaminated urban wetland water causes similar metabolic alterations to laboratory-based exposures in the freshwater amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 109:104494. [PMID: 38925282 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Assessing the harm caused by pollutants in urban ecosystems remains a significant challenge. Traditional ecotoxicological endpoints are often not sensitive enough to detect the effects of toxicants at environmentally relevant concentrations (≤ng/L). A potential solution is using molecular biology methods to look at small biochemical changes caused by exposure to ng/L concentrations of contaminants. This has been tested in the lab but not conclusively demonstrated in the field. We exposed the freshwater amphipod (Austrochiltonia subtenuis) to water from an urban wetland containing known concentrations of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (as well as very low concentrations of pesticides) for 14 days and analyzed their metabolite profiles. Mannose, Myo-inositol, and Isopropyl propionate were found to change in PFAS exposed amphipods, a similar response to that previously observed in laboratory exposures to the same PFAS, but not pesticides. The results give a better understanding of PFAS toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M Sinclair
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Oliver A H Jones
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Navneet Singh
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; ADE Consulting Group, Williamstown North, Victoria 3016, Australia
| | - Sara M Long
- Aquatic Environmental Stress Research Group (AQUEST), School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, PO Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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12
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Mahoney H, da Silva F, Brinkmann M, Giesy JP. Mixtures of legacy and replacement perfluorosulphonic acids (PFSAs) demonstrate ratio-, concentration- and endpoint-dependent synergistic interactions in vitro. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142446. [PMID: 38801907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The extensive use of poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has les to their widespread presence in the environment, raising concerns about potential toxicity. While certain PFASs of concern have been phased-out or banned, new PFASs continue to be produced. Two such substances are perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulphonate (PFECHS) and perfluorobutane sulphamide (FBSA), replacements of perfluoroctanesulphonic acid (PFOS) that have recently been detected in multiple environmental media around the globe. Despite PFASs generally occurring in the environment as mixtures, few data are available outlining the effects of PFAS mixtures. Therefore, this research investigated the interaction potential of binary and ternary mixtures of emerging and legacy PFASs. The immortalized rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1) was chosen as the experimental model to investigate two apical endpoints: cytotoxicity and phospholipidosis. RTgill-W1 cells were exposed for 24 h to each compound to obtain endpoint-specific effect concentrations (LCx; ECx). These values were then applied to formulate mixture predictions following the Loewes Additivity and Steel and Peckham methods. Based on cytotoxicity, relative potencies of individual compounds were: PFOS > PFECHS > FSBA. PFOS and PFECHS had nearly identical effects on phospholipidosis, while FSBA did not have any effects. Most mixtures had a synergistic effect on cytotoxicity, but the effect was both dose- and ratio-dependent. PFOS and PFECHS were additive at lower concentrations (LC10) and synergistic at higher concentrations (LC50; 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3). PFECHS and FSBA mixtures were synergistic at all doses and ratios (3:1, 1:1, 1:3), while FBSA and PFOS were mainly synergistic at higher concentrations and at ratios favouring PFOS (1:1, 1:3). Tertiary combinations were mainly synergistic. For phospholipidosis, mixtures were strictly additive. These results are strongly suggestive of synergism between emerging PFAS replacements and highlight that independent apical mechanisms of different PFASs could combine to induce unexpected toxicity. Considering that emerging replacements are continuing to increase in concentration in the environment, such mixture scenarios are also likely to continue to increase in probability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Mahoney
- Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Francisco da Silva
- Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Pl, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, 121 Research Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Integrative Biology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, TX, USA
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13
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Dhulia A, Abou-Khalil C, Kewalramani J, Sarkar D, Boufadel MC. Mobilization of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soils with different organic matter contents. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142503. [PMID: 38825242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in addressing soils contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) because of the PFAS in the environment and associated health risks. The neutralization of PFAS in situ is challenging. Consequently, mobilizing the PFAS from the contaminated soils into an aqueous solution for subsequent handling has been pursued. Nonetheless, the efficiency of mobilization methods for removing PFAS can vary depending on site-specific factors, including the types and concentrations of PFAS compounds, soil characteristics. In the present study, the removal of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from artificially contaminated soils was investigated in a 2D laboratory setup using electrokinetic (EK) remediation and hydraulic flushing by applying a hydraulic gradient (HG) for a duration of 15 days. The percent removal of PFOA by EK was consistent (∼80%) after a 15-day treatment for all soils. The removal efficiency of PFOS by EK significantly varied with the OM content, where the PFOS removal increased from 14% at 5% OM to 60% at 50% OM. With HG, the percent removal increased for both PFOA and PFOS from about 20% at 5% OM up to 80% at 75% OM. Based on the results, the mobilization of PFAS from organic soil would be appropriate using both hydraulic flushing and EK considering their applicability and advantages over each other for site-specific factors and requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Dhulia
- Center for Natural Resources, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Charbel Abou-Khalil
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA
| | | | - Dibyendu Sarkar
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Michel C Boufadel
- Center for Natural Resources, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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14
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Pomazal R, Malecki K, Stanton N, Shelton B, Lange M, Irving R, Meiman J, Remucal CK, Cochran A, Schultz AA. Determinants of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure among Wisconsin residents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 254:119131. [PMID: 38759771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) include thousands of manufactured compounds with growing public health concerns due to their potential for widespread human exposure and adverse health outcomes. While PFAS contamination remains a significant concern, especially from ingestion of contaminated food and water, determinants of the variability in PFAS exposure among regional and statewide populations in the United States remains unclear. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to leverage The Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW), the only statewide representative cohort in the US, to assess and characterize the variability of PFAS exposure in a general population. METHODS This study sample included a sub-sample of 605 adult participants from the 2014-2016 tri-annual statewide representative sample. Geometric means for PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, PFPeS, PFHpA, and a summed measure of 38 analyzed serum PFAS were presented by demographic, diet, behavioral, and residential characteristics. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine significant predictors of serum PFAS after adjustment. RESULTS Overall, higher serum concentrations of long-chain PFAS were observed compared with short-chain PFAS. Older adults, males, and non-Hispanic White individuals had higher serum PFAS compared to younger adults, females, and non-White individuals. Eating caught fish in the past year was associated with elevated levels of several PFAS. DISCUSSION This is among the first studies to characterize serum PFAS among a representative statewide sample in Wisconsin. Both short- and long-chain serum PFAS were detectable for six prominent PFAS. Age and consumption of great lakes fish were the most significant predictors of serum PFAS. State-level PFAS biomonitoring is important for identifying high risk populations and informing state public health standards and interventions, especially among those not living near known contamination sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Pomazal
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Population Health Sciences, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristen Malecki
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Noel Stanton
- Wisconsin State Lab of Hygiene, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Meshel Lange
- Wisconsin State Lab of Hygiene, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Roy Irving
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Christina K Remucal
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy Cochran
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Population Health Sciences, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy A Schultz
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Population Health Sciences, Madison, WI, USA.
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15
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Wootton N, Gillanders BM, Leterme S, Noble W, Wilson SP, Blewitt M, Swearer SE, Reis-Santos P. Research priorities on microplastics in marine and coastal environments: An Australian perspective to advance global action. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116660. [PMID: 38981192 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Plastic and microplastic contamination in the environment receive global attention, with calls for the synthesis of scientific evidence to inform actionable strategies and policy-relevant practices. We provide a systematic literature review on microplastic research across Australian coastal environments in water, sediment and biota, highlighting the main research foci and gaps in information. At the same time, we conducted surveys and workshops to gather expert opinions from multiple stakeholders (including researchers, industry, and government) to identify critical research directions to meet stakeholder needs across sectors. Through this consultation and engagement process, we created a platform for knowledge exchange and identified three major priorities to support evidence-based policy, regulation, and management. These include a need for (i) method harmonisation in microplastic assessments, (ii) information on the presence, sources, and pathways of plastic pollution, and (iii) advancing our understanding of the risk of harm to individuals and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wootton
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn M Gillanders
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Sophie Leterme
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia; Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Warwick Noble
- Water Quality, Environment Protection Authority, GPO Box 2607, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Scott P Wilson
- AUSMAP, Total Environment Centre, PO Box K61, Haymarket, New South Wales 1240, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle Blewitt
- AUSMAP, Total Environment Centre, PO Box K61, Haymarket, New South Wales 1240, Australia
| | - Stephen E Swearer
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick Reis-Santos
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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16
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Vujic E, Ferguson SS, Brouwer KLR. Effects of PFAS on human liver transporters: implications for health outcomes. Toxicol Sci 2024; 200:213-227. [PMID: 38724241 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become internationally recognized over the past three decades as persistent organic pollutants used in the production of various consumer and industrial goods. Research efforts continue to gauge the risk that historically used, and newly produced, PFAS may cause to human health. Numerous studies report toxic effects of PFAS on the human liver as well as increased serum cholesterol levels in adults. A major concern with PFAS, also dubbed "forever chemicals," is that they accumulate in the liver and kidney and persist in serum. The mechanisms responsible for their disposition and excretion in humans are poorly understood. A better understanding of the interaction of PFAS with liver transporters, as it pertains to the disposition of PFAS and other xenobiotics, could provide mechanistic insight into human health effects and guide efforts toward risk assessment of compounds in development. This review summarizes the current state of the literature on the emerging relationships (eg, substrates, inhibitors, modulators of gene expression) between PFAS and specific hepatic transporters. The adaptive and toxicological responses of hepatocytes to PFAS that reveal linkages to pathologies and epidemiological findings are highlighted. The evidence suggests that our understanding of the molecular landscape of PFAS must improve to determine their impact on the expression and function of hepatocyte transporters that play a key role in PFAS or other xenobiotic disposition. From here, we can assess what role these changes may have in documented human health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena Vujic
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen S Ferguson
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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17
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Weitz K, Kantner D, Kessler A, Key H, Larson J, Bodnar W, Parvathikar S, Davis L, Robey N, Taylor P, De la Cruz F, Tolaymat T, Weber N, Linak W, Krug J, Phelps L. Review of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl treatment in combustion-based thermal waste systems in the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172658. [PMID: 38657813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of synthetic chemicals known for their widespread presence and environmental persistence. Carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds are major components among PFAS and among the strongest organic bonds, thus destroying PFAS may present significant challenge. Thermal treatment such as incineration is an effective and approved method for destroying many halogenated organic chemicals. Here, we present the results of existing studies and testing at combustion-based thermal treatment facilities and summarize what is known regarding PFAS destruction and mineralization at such units. Available results suggest the temperature and residence times reached by some thermal treatment systems are generally favorable to the destruction of PFAS, but the possibility for PFAS or fluorinated organic byproducts to escape destruction and adequate mineralization and be released into the air cannot be ruled out. Few studies have been conducted at full-scale operating facilities, and none to date have attempted to characterize possible fluorinated organic products of incomplete combustion (PICs). Further, the ability of existing air pollution control (APC) systems, designed primarily for particulate and acid gas control, to reduce PFAS air emissions has not been determined. These data gaps remain primarily due to the previous lack of available methods to characterize PFAS destruction and PIC concentrations in facility air emissions. However, newly developed stack testing methods offer an improved understanding of the extent to which thermal waste treatment technologies successfully destroy and mineralize PFAS in these waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Weitz
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Haley Key
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Judd Larson
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Wanda Bodnar
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Lynn Davis
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nicole Robey
- Innovative Technical Solutions, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Florentino De la Cruz
- College of Computing, Engineering and Construction, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Thabet Tolaymat
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Management, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Weber
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - William Linak
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan Krug
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lara Phelps
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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18
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Singh S, Gautam K, Mir SS, Anbumani S. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assessment of 'forever chemicals' in zebrafish (Danio rerio). MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 897:503788. [PMID: 39054005 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprise many chemicals with strong carbon-carbon and carbon-fluorine bonds and have extensive industrial applications in manufacturing several consumer products. The solid covalent bonding makes them more persistent in the environment and stays away from all types of degradation, naming them 'forever chemicals.' Zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of legacy PFAS, Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and its alternatives, such as Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoic acid ammonium (GenX) and 7H-Perfluoro-3,6-dioxa-4-methyl-octane-1-sulfonic acid (Nafion by-product 2 [NBP2]) upon single and combined exposure at an environmental concentration of 10 µg/L for 48-h. Erythrocyte micronucleus cytome assay (EMNCA) revealed an increased frequency of micronuclei (MN) in fish erythrocytes with a significant increase in NBP2-treated fish. The order of genotoxicity noticed was NBP2 > PFOS > Mixture > GenX in D. rerio. Fish exposed to PFOS and its alternatives in single and combined experiments did not cause any significant difference in nuclear abnormalities. However, PFOS and combined exposure positively inhibit cytokinesis, resulting in an 8.16 and 7.44-fold-change increase of binucleated cells. Besides, statistically, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content indicate oxidative stress in D. rerio. In addition, 'forever chemicals' resulted in cytotoxicity, as evident through changes in nucleus width to the erythrocyte length in NBP2 and mixture exposure groups. The findings revealed that PFAS alternative NBP2 is more toxic than PFOS in inducing DNA damage and cytotoxicity. In addition, all three tested 'forever chemicals' induced ROS and lipid peroxidation after individual and combined exposure. The present work is the first to concern the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of 'forever chemicals' in the aquatic vertebrate D. rerio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaloo Singh
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, REACT Division, C.R. Krishnamurti (CRK) Campus, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226008, India; Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
| | - Krishna Gautam
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, REACT Division, C.R. Krishnamurti (CRK) Campus, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Snober S Mir
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
| | - Sadasivam Anbumani
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, REACT Division, C.R. Krishnamurti (CRK) Campus, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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19
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Yang Y, Li G, Li Z, Lu L. The roles of typical emerging pollutants on N 2O emissions during biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172851. [PMID: 38685430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
N2O as a potent greenhouse gas often generates in the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) processes during wastewater treatment, which makes BNR become an important greenhouse gas emission source. The emerging pollutants (EPs) are ubiquitous in wastewater and they have shown to influence the BNR processes. However, the deep discussion on potential impacts of EPs on N2O emissions during BNR is rare. Moreover, the experimental parameters for EPs investigation in most of literatures are generally not in line with real-world BNR processes, which calls for deep elucidating the roles of EPs on N2O production and emission. In this work, a critical review summarizes the existing literature about influences of typical EPs on N2O emissions and associated mechanisms during BNR, and it discusses the impacts of some easily overlooked factors, such as real EPs environmental concentrations, EPs bioaccumulation, and multiple EPs coexistence on N2O emissions. This review will provide an insight into exploring and mitigating threats posed by typical EPs on N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhida Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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20
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Xiao S, Liu T, Hu LX, Yang B, Ying GG. Non-target and target screening and risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in textile wastewater and receiving river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171876. [PMID: 38531445 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Textile industry uses varieties of chemicals including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS are known to be persistent and incompletely removed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). So far, little is known about what types of PFAS are used in the textile industry and their potential risks. Here we investigated PFAS in two WWTPs and a receiving river of a textile industrial park in Guangxi, China, by using both target and non-target analyses over a two-year period. The target analysis identified 11 specific PFAS, while the non-target analysis revealed a list of 648 different PFAS, including both legacy and emerging substances. Notably, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was still the most prevalent compound detected. Of particular concern was the finding that the investigated WWTPs, which employs an A/O (Anaerobic/Aerobic) process, exhibited a poor removal efficiency for PFAS. The average removal rate was only 22.0 %, indicating that the current treatment processes are inadequate in effectively mitigating PFAS contamination. Correlation analysis further highlighted the potential for PFAS to be transported from WWTPs to the receiving river, revealing a significant and strong positive correlation between the PFAS in the WWTP effluent and those of the river. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and two emerging PFAS (DTXSID30240816 and DTXSID90240817) were identified to have high ecological risks in the receiving river. Notably, these two emerging PFAS are homologues, and their presence in WWTPs has been poorly reported. The findings highlight the wide use and persistence of PFAS in current textile WWTPs, indicating potential long term risks to the receiving environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xiao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li-Xin Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Yang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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21
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Sun T, Ji C, Li F, Wu H. Time Is Ripe for Targeting Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances-Induced Hormesis: Global Aquatic Hotspots and Implications for Ecological Risk Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9314-9327. [PMID: 38709515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Globally implemented ecological risk assessment (ERA) guidelines marginalize hormesis, a biphasic dose-response relationship characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. The present study illuminated the promise of hormesis as a scientific dose-response model for ERA of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represented by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). A total of 266 hormetic dose-response relationships were recompiled from 1237 observations, covering 30 species from nine representative taxonomic groups. The standardized hormetic amplitudes followed the log-normal probability distribution, being subject to the limits of biological plasticity but independent of stress inducers. The SHapley Additive exPlanations algorithm revealed that the target endpoint was the most important variable explaining the hormetic amplitudes. Subsequently, quantitative frameworks were established to incorporate hormesis into the predicted no-effect concentration levels, with a lower induction dose and a zero-equivalent point but a broader hormetic zone for PFOS. Realistically, 10,117 observed concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were gathered worldwide, 4% of which fell within hormetic zones, highlighting the environmental relevance of hormesis. Additionally, the hormesis induction potential was identified in other legacy and emerging PFAS as well as their alternatives and mixtures. Collectively, it is time to incorporate the hormesis concept into PFAS studies to facilitate more realistic risk characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, P. R. China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, P. R. China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
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22
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Porseryd T, Larsson J, Lindman J, Malmström E, Smolarz K, Grahn M, Dinnétz P. Effects on food intake of Gammarus spp. after exposure to PFBA in very low concentrations. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116369. [PMID: 38640762 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of thousands of highly persistent anthropogenic chemicals widely used in many industries. Therefore, they are, ubiquitously present in various types of environments. Despite their omnipresence, ecotoxicological studies of most PFAS are scarce, and those available often assess the effects of long chain PFAS. In this study, we present the results of an exposure experiment in which wild aquatic amphipod Gammarus spp. was exposed to the short chain perfluorinated substance perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) at very low and environmentally relevant concentrations of 0, 10 and 100 ng/L. The exposure lasted for 12 days, and food intake and non-reproductive behavior were analyzed. Exposure to 10 and 100 ng/L PFBA resulted in a lower consumption of food during exposure but no effect on behavior was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Porseryd
- Department of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Josefine Larsson
- Department of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden; Marint centrum, Simrishamn Kommun, Simrishamn, Sweden
| | - Johanna Lindman
- Department of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Erica Malmström
- Department of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mats Grahn
- Department of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Patrik Dinnétz
- Department of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
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23
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Yen TH, Lee SH, Tang CH, Liang HJ, Lin CY. Lipid responses to perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure for multiple rat organs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 277:116368. [PMID: 38669874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent chemical that has long been a threat to human health. However, the molecular effects of PFOS on various organs are not well studied. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with various doses of PFOS through gavage for 21 days. Subsequently, the liver, lung, heart, kidney, pancreas, testis, and serum of the rats were harvested for lipid analysis. We applied a focusing lipidomic analytical strategy to identify key lipid responses of phosphorylcholine-containing lipids, including phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins. Partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed that the organs most influenced by PFOS exposure were the liver, kidney, and testis. Changes in the lipid profiles of the rats indicated that after exposure, levels of diacyl-phosphatidylcholines and 22:6-containing phosphatidylcholines in the liver, kidney, and testis of the rats decreased, whereas the level of 20:3-containing phosphatidylcholines increased. Furthermore, levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids-containing plasmenylcholines decreased. Changes in sphingomyelin levels indicated organ-dependent responses. Decreased levels of sphingomyelins in the liver, nonmonotonic dose responses in the kidney, and irregular responses in the testis after PFOS exposure are observed. These lipid responses may be associated with alterations pertaining to phosphatidylcholine synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, membrane properties, and oxidative stress in the liver, kidney, and testis. Lipid responses in the liver could have contributed to the observed increase in liver to body weight ratios. The findings suggest potential toxicity and possible mechanisms associated with PFOS in multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsin Yen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Han Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ho Tang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jan Liang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Hong J, Du K, Jin H, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Chen D, Zheng S, Cao L. Evidence of promoting effects of 6:2 Cl-PFESA on hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation in humans: An ideal alternative for PFOS in terms of environmental health? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108582. [PMID: 38513556 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic chemicals, encompassing compounds like perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), which have widespread applications across various industries, including food packaging and firefighting. In recent years, China has increasingly employed 6:2 Cl-PFESA as an alternative to PFOS. Although the association between PFAS exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms that promote HCC proliferation are uncleared. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects and differences of PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFESA on HCC proliferation through in vivo and in vitro tumor models. Our results reveal that both PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFESA significantly contribute to HCC proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Exposure led to reduced population doubling times, enlarged cell colony sizes, enhanced DNA synthesis efficiency, and a higher proportion of cells undergoing mitosis. Furthermore, both PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFES) have been shown to activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibit necroptosis. This action consequently enhances the proliferation of HCC cells. Our phenotypic assay findings suggest that the tumorigenic potential of 6:2 Cl-PFESA surpasses that of PFOS; in a subcutaneous tumor model using nude mice, the mean tumor weight for the 6:2 Cl-PFESA-treated cohort was 2.33 times that observed in the PFOS cohort (p < 0.01). Despite 6:2 Cl-PFESA being considered a safer substitute for PFOS, the pronounced effects of this chemical on HCC cell growth warrant a thorough assessment of hepatotoxicity risks linked to its usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Keyi Du
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hangbiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China; Innovation Research Center of Advanced Environmental Technology, Eco-Industrial Innovation Institute ZJUT, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324400, China
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China; Innovation Research Center of Advanced Environmental Technology, Eco-Industrial Innovation Institute ZJUT, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324400, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Linping Cao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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25
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Chaudhuri A, Loftus IM, Kolh P. An Impending European Ban on Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Vascular Surgery: Little Environmental Benefit With Major Patient Harm? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2024; 67:536-537. [PMID: 38191120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Chaudhuri
- Bedfordshire - Milton Keynes Vascular Centre, Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bedford, UK
| | - Ian M Loftus
- St George's Vascular Institute, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philippe Kolh
- Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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26
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Sands M, Zhang X, Gal A, Laws M, Spinella M, Erdogan ZM, Irudayaraj J. Comparative hepatotoxicity of novel lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI, ie. HQ-115) and legacy Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in male mice: Insights into epigenetic mechanisms and pathway-specific responses. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108556. [PMID: 38461777 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI ie. HQ-115), a polymer electrolyte used in energy applications, has been detected in the environment, yet its health risks and environmental epigenetic effects remain unknown. This study aims to unravel the potential health risks associated with LiTFSI, investigate the role of DNA methylation-induced toxic mechanisms in its effects, and compare its hepatotoxic impact with the well-studied Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA). Using a murine model, six-week-old male CD1 mice were exposed to 10 and 20 mg/kg/day of each chemical for 14 days as 14-day exposure and 1 and 5 mg/kg/day for 30 days as 30-day exposure. Results indicate that PFOA exposure induced significant hepatotoxicity, characterized by liver enlargement, and elevated serum biomarkers. In contrast, LiTFSI exposure showed lower hepatotoxicity, accompanied by mild liver injuries. Despite higher bioaccumulation of PFOA in serum, LiTFSI exhibited a similar range of liver concentrations compared to PFOA. Reduced Representative Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) analysis revealed distinct DNA methylation patterns between 14-day and 30-day exposure for the two compounds. Both LiTFSI and PFOA implicated liver inflammatory pathways and lipid metabolism. Transcriptional results showed that differentially methylated regions in both exposures are enriched with cancer/disease-related motifs. Furthermore, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a regulator of lipid metabolism, was upregulated in both exposures, with downstream genes indicating potential oxidative damages. Overall, LiTFSI exhibits distinct hepatotoxicity profiles, emphasizing the need for comprehensive assessment of emerging PFAS compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Sands
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Arnon Gal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Mary Laws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zeynep-Madak Erdogan
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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27
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Ayodele A, Obeng-Gyasi E. Exploring the Potential Link between PFAS Exposure and Endometrial Cancer: A Review of Environmental and Sociodemographic Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:983. [PMID: 38473344 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This exploratory narrative review paper delves into the intricate interplay between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure, sociodemographic factors, and the influence of stressors in the context of endometrial cancer. PFAS, ubiquitous environmental contaminants notorious for their persistence in the ecosystem, have garnered attention for their potential to disrupt endocrine systems and provoke immune responses. We comprehensively examine the various sources of PFAS exposure, encompassing household items, water, air, and soil, thus shedding light on the multifaceted routes through which individuals encounter these compounds. Furthermore, we explore the influence of sociodemographic factors, such as income, education, occupation, ethnicity/race, and geographical location and their relationship to endometrial cancer risk. We also investigated the role of stress on PFAS exposure and endometrial cancer risk. The results revealed a significant impact of sociodemographic factors on both PFAS levels and endometrial cancer risk. Stress emerged as a notable contributing factor influencing PFAS exposure and the development of endometrial cancer, further emphasizing the importance of stress management practices for overall well-being. By synthesizing evidence from diverse fields, this review underscores the need for interdisciplinary research and targeted interventions to comprehensively address the complex relationship between PFAS, sociodemographic factors, stressors, and endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke Ayodele
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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28
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Groffen T, Keirsebelik H, Dendievel H, Falcou-Préfol M, Bervoets L, Schoelynck J. Are Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) suitable as biomonitor or bioindicator of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pollution? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:133024. [PMID: 37988866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment. In Flanders, the bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms is currently being monitored using European perch and European eel. Since both are native species, there is an ethical need to search for other suitable biomonitors. This study aims to investigate whether the invasive Chinese mitten crab could be used in biomonitoring programs by assessing PFAS accumulation in hepatopancreas, muscle tissue, and carapace. Furthermore, we correlated accumulated concentrations to those in the local abiotic environment. Concentrations in the crabs (highest average ∑PFAS concentration of 688 ± 505 ng/g ww) were often higher than those in crab species from other regions across the globe, confirming that Flanders is highly polluted with PFAS. Concentrations in the crabs did not reflect those in the abiotic environment. This implies that biomonitoring is necessary to investigate the impact of PFAS pollution on organisms in aquatic ecosystems, as important data is missing when only the abiotic environment is monitored. The accumulation profiles differed between the invasive crab and the native European perch and European eel, potentially due to a different ecology and trophic position. Since all three species provide complementary information on the PFAS pollution, a multi-species approach in biomonitoring is recommended. Overall, our results show that the crabs can be used as biomonitor, but more information is necessary to confirm their suitability as bioindicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimo Groffen
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, ECOSPHERE Research Group, Universiteitsplein 1C, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Heleen Keirsebelik
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, ECOSPHERE Research Group, Universiteitsplein 1C, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hannes Dendievel
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, ECOSPHERE Research Group, Universiteitsplein 1C, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Falcou-Préfol
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, ECOSPHERE Research Group, Universiteitsplein 1C, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, ECOSPHERE Research Group, Universiteitsplein 1C, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jonas Schoelynck
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, ECOSPHERE Research Group, Universiteitsplein 1C, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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29
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Liu M, Glover CM, Munoz G, Duy SV, Sauvé S, Liu J. Hunting the missing fluorine in aqueous film-forming foams containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:133006. [PMID: 37988941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Since aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) are major sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), understanding the quantity and type of PFAS present in AFFFs is crucial for assessing environmental risk and remediation. We characterized 25 foams from Canada and Europe, including two non-AFFFs and two fluorine-free AFFFs. We used liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to identify novel PFAS, as well as total oxidizable precursor assays (TOP) and total organofluorine (TOF) measurements for comparison. LC-HRMS showed that the two non-AFFF foams and two PFAS-free AFFFs contained little or no PFAS, confirmed by TOF measurement using combustion ion chromatography (CIC). The PFAS-containing AFFFs, however, spanned a wide concentration range of TOF (2200-45,000 mg F/L) and contained 22 new classes of polyfluoroalkyl substances not previously reported. As a result of identifying new compounds, LC-HRMS was fully able to capture the oxidizable precursors determined by TOP assay in all tested fluorotelomer (FT) AFFFs, while unknown compounds still constituted a significant fraction (19-53 mol%) in most electrochemical fluorination (ECF) AFFFs. A fluorine mass balance was achieved by comparing the amounts of compounds identified by LC-HRMS with those detected by CIC, although LC-HRMS overestimated TOF with a recovery of 127 ± 36%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Caitlin M Glover
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada.
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30
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Moretti S, Brambilla G, Maffucci F, Barola C, Bucaletti E, Hochscheid S, Canzanella S, Galarini R, Esposito M. Occurrence and pattern of legacy and emerging per- and Poly-FluoroAlkyl substances (PFAS) in eggs of loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta from western Mediterranean. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123257. [PMID: 38159636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Per-and Poly-FluoroAlkyl Substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent, toxic, and mobile and chemicals both from industrial sources and from the use and disposal of Consumers products containing PFAS, whose concentration in marine food webs could pose a toxicological risk for biota and humans. In 2021, unhatched eggs were sampled from 41 loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta nests from the Italian shores of the Campania Region (Southern Italy). Whole eggs were analysed for the presence of 66 legacy and emerging PFAS with Liquid Chromatography coupled to Hybrid High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. A median Σ66 Per- and Poly-FluoroAlkyl Substances value of 3.34 ng/g egg fresh weight was found; perfluoroctane sulfonate (PFOS) represented the most contributing congener (47%), followed by perfluoro-n-undecanoic acid, perfluoro-n-tridecanoic acid, perfluoro-n-decanoic acid, perfluoro-n-decanoic acid, and perfluoro-n-tetradecanoic acid, respectively. Such compounds showed a log-norm distribution, suggesting found concentrations could represent the baseline levels in the considered sampling area. Emerging ChloroPolyFluoroPolyEthers Carboxylic Acids (ClPFECAs) were found in 20 out of 41 samples in the range 0.01-1.59 ng/g. Four samples had 20-100 fold higher concentration compared to that of other samples, suggesting the presence of hot spot areas possibly related to presence of fluoropolymer-based marine litter turtles may ingest. The analysis of two paired eggs/liver samples recovered from stranded animals revealed PFAS concentration in the same order of magnitude, supporting the role of vitellogenin in their selective transfer to yolk. Significant (P = 0.0155) Kendall negative correlation coefficient of -0.2705 among PFOS content in eggs and the recorded hatching success prompts for further investigation on associated exposure assessment and related eco-toxicity risk. This work reports for the first time PFAS presence in georeferenced loggerhead turtle eggs of the Mediterranean Sea and results represent a starting point to study PFAS time-trends in this vulnerable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Moretti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'Umbria e Delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini, 1 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | | | - Fulvio Maffucci
- Marine Turtle Research Group, Department of Marine Animal Conservation and Public Engagement, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Nuova Macello 16, 80055, Portici, Italy.
| | - Carolina Barola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'Umbria e Delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini, 1 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Bucaletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'Umbria e Delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini, 1 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Sandra Hochscheid
- Marine Turtle Research Group, Department of Marine Animal Conservation and Public Engagement, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Nuova Macello 16, 80055, Portici, Italy.
| | - Silvia Canzanella
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'Analisi e Studio di Correlazione Tra Ambiente, Animale e Uomo, IZS Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055 Portici Italy.
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'Umbria e Delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini, 1 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Mauro Esposito
- Marine Turtle Research Group, Department of Marine Animal Conservation and Public Engagement, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Nuova Macello 16, 80055, Portici, Italy.
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31
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Takdastan A, Babaei AA, Jorfi S, Ahmadi M, Tahmasebi Birgani Y, Jamshidi B. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in water and edible fish species of Karun River, Ahvaz, Iran: spatial distribution, human health, and ecological risk assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:803-814. [PMID: 36709497 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2168630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are environmental contaminants with unfavorable impacts on human health and nature. This study aimed to determine the PFOA and PFOS concentration in water and fish samples from Karun, the largest river in Iran. According to the results, the PFOA and PFOS in water samples were 5.81-69.26 ng/L and not detected (n.d.)-35.12 ng/L, respectively. The dry season displayed higher concentrations in water samples than in the wet season. The maximum PFOS concentration measured was related to Barbus barbules sp. (27.89 ng/g). The human health risk assessment indicated minor risks (hazard ratio, HR < 1) from PFOA and PFOS through consuming contaminated drinking water and fish. Only HR value of PFOS in downstream area exceeded slightly 1.0, indicating potential health risk due to consumption of the river fish. Considering the average PFASs concentration, the risk quotients (RQs) showed low ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Takdastan
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Babaei
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sahand Jorfi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ahmadi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaser Tahmasebi Birgani
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behzad Jamshidi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Petroleum Industry Health Organization, NIOC, Ahvaz, Iran
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32
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Juve JMA, Donoso Reece JA, Wong MS, Wei Z, Ateia M. Photocatalysts for chemical-free PFOA degradation - What we know and where we go from here? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132651. [PMID: 37827098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a toxic and recalcitrant perfluoroalkyl substance commonly detected in the environment. Its low concentration challenges the development of effective degradation techniques, which demands intensive chemical and energy consumption. The recent stringent health advisories and the upgrowth and advances in photocatalytic technologies claim the need to evaluate and compare the state-of-the-art. Among these systems, chemical-free photocatalysis emerges as a cost-effective and sustainable solution for PFOA degradation and potentially other perfluorinated carboxylic acids. This review (I) classifies the state-of-the-art of chemical-free photocatalysts for PFOA degradation in families of materials (Ti, Fe, In, Ga, Bi, Si, and BN), (II) describes the evolution of catalysts, identifies and discusses the strategies to enhance their performance, (III) proposes a simplified cost evaluation tool for simple techno-economical analysis of the materials; (IV) compares the features of the catalysts expanding the classic degradation focus to other essential parameters, and (V) identifies current research gaps and future research opportunities to enhance the photocatalyst performance. We aim that this critical review will assist researchers and practitioners to develop rational photocatalyst designs and identify research gaps for green and effective PFAS degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Max Arana Juve
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC) & Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan A Donoso Reece
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael S Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC) & Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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33
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Hafner R, Wolfgramm N, Klein P, Urbassek HM. Adsorption of Diclofenac and PFBS on a Hair Keratin Dimer. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:45-55. [PMID: 38154791 PMCID: PMC10788924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution by man-made toxic and persistent organic compounds, found throughout the world in surface and groundwater, has various negative effects on aquatic life systems and even humans. Therefore, it is important to develop and improve water treatment technologies capable of removing such substances from wastewater and purifying drinking water. The two substances investigated are the widely used painkiller diclofenac and a member of the class of "forever chemicals", perfluorobutanesulfonate. Both are known to have serious negative effects on living organisms, especially under long-term exposure, and are detectable in human hair, suggesting adsorption to a part of the hair fiber complex. In this study, a human hair keratin dimer is investigated for its ability to absorb diclofenac and perfluorobutanesulfonate. Initial predictions for binding sites are obtained via molecular docking and subjected to molecular dynamics simulations for more than 1 μs. The binding affinities obtained by the linear interaction energy method are high enough to motivate further research on human hair keratins as a sustainable, low-cost, and easily allocatable filtration material.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Hafner
- Physics
Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, University Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Fraunhofer
ITWM, Fraunhofer-Platz
1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Nils Wolfgramm
- Fraunhofer
ITWM, Fraunhofer-Platz
1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Peter Klein
- Fraunhofer
ITWM, Fraunhofer-Platz
1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Herbert M. Urbassek
- Physics
Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, University Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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34
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Cui J, Shi J, Gao X, He L, Huang H, Zhao G, Wu G, Yu T, An Q, Mai L, Chen G. Associations of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances mixture with the numbers of lymph nodes in colorectal cancer patients. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117529. [PMID: 37898223 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely known with a high incidence rate worldwide, but the correlation between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and the number of lymph nodes in CRC patients remains unclear. In the present study, we enrolled 305 CRC patients (122 females and 183 males) at Beijing Hospital in China. A total of 17 PFAS were detected in serum samples of these patients, and 5 PFAS with detection rates >75% were selected in this study. The CRC patients' number of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) and total lymph nodes (TLNs) were chosen as outcomes. Poisson regression models were used to analyze the associations between single PFAS and number of MLNs and TLNs. Quantile g-Computation models were performed to examine the joint effect of PFAS mixtures on number of MLNs and TLNs. A positive correlation between serum PFAS levels and number of MLNs was identified. For instance, the numbers of MLNs in patients with serum PFOA, PFNA, 6:2 Cl-PFESA concentrations at the 95th percentile were 27% (95% CI: 1%, 60%), 35% (95% CI: 1%, 82%), 87% (95% CI: 4%, 238%) higher compared with the threshold level. The results of Quantile g-Computation models also showed that every quantile increase in PFAS mixtures was associated with a 4.67%, (95% CI: 0.07%, 9.48%) increase in the numbers of MLNs, and PFOS dominated the effects of the mixtures. Moreover, a negative correlation between PFAS mixtures and number of TLNs in patients with no MLNs was also observed. The present study suggested that exposure to PFAS may worsen the prognosis of CRC patients. These findings could help guide future research and public health policies aimed at reducing exposure to PFAS and mitigating their potential impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jinxin Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinwang Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Lei He
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China; Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, China
| | - Haoyu Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Guoju Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of General Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Lei Mai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Subingtian Center for Speed Research and Training / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Speed-Capability Research, School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne VIC3004, Australia
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35
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Zhang J, Tao H, Shi J, Ge H, Li B, Wang Y, Zhang M, Li X. Deriving aquatic PNECs of endocrine disruption effects for PFOS and PFOA by combining species sensitivity weighted distributions and adverse outcome pathway networks. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140583. [PMID: 37918539 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), as emerging endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), pose adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Conventional ecological risk assessment (ERA) not fully considering the mode of toxicity action of PFOS and PFOA, may result in an underestimation of risks and confuse decision-makers. In the study, we developed species sensitivity weighted distribution (SSWD) models based on adverse outcome pathway (AOP) networks for deriving predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs). Three kinds of weighting criteria (intraspecies variation, trophic level abundance, and data quality) and weighted log-normal distribution methods were adopted. The developed models considered the inter/intraspecies variation and integrated nontraditional endpoints of endocrine-disrupting effects. The PNECs of endocrine disruption effects were derived as 2.52 μg/L (95% confidence intervals 0.667-9.85 μg/L) for PFOS and 18.7 μg/L (5.40-71.0 μg/L) for PFOA, which were more conservative than those derived from the SSD method and were comparable with the values in the literature based on the chronic toxicity data. For PFOS, the effect of growth and development was the most sensitive; however, for PFOA, the effect of reproduction was the most sensitive in the effects of growth and development, reproduction, biochemistry and genetics, and survival. The endocrine-disrupting effects of PFOS and PFOA are significant and need to be fully recognized in the ERA. This study provided an ERA framework that can improve the ecological relevance and reduce the uncertainty of PNECs of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huanyu Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianghong Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Hui Ge
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yunhe Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengtao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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36
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Gibi C, Liu CH, Anandan S, Wu JJ. Recent Advances on Electrochemical Sensors for Detection of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs). Molecules 2023; 28:7916. [PMID: 38067644 PMCID: PMC10707923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs), a new category of contaminants currently in the limelight, are a major issue of global concern. The pervasive nature of CECs and their harmful effects, such as cancer, reproductive disorders, neurotoxicity, etc., make the situation alarming. The perilous nature of CECs lies in the fact that even very small concentrations of CECs can cause great impacts on living beings. They also have a nature of bioaccumulation. Thus, there is a great need to have efficient sensors for the detection of CECs to ensure a safe living environment. Electrochemical sensors are an efficient platform for CEC detection as they are highly selective, sensitive, stable, reproducible, and prompt, and can detect very low concentrations of the analyte. Major classes of CECs are pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, personal care products, endocrine disruptors, newly registered pesticides, and disinfection by-products. This review focusses on CECs, including their sources and pathways, health effects caused by them, and electrochemical sensors as reported in the literature under each category for the detection of major CECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinchu Gibi
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (C.G.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Cheng-Hua Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (C.G.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Trichy 620015, India;
| | - Jerry J. Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (C.G.); (C.-H.L.)
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37
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Wang N, Jagani R, Nwobodo N, Ma J. Toxicity of environmentally relevant concentration of PFAS chemicals in Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaeta, Lumbriculidae) - A multi-bioindicator study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115722. [PMID: 37992644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a family of man-made chemicals found in a variety of products from non-stick cookware and food wrappers to firefighting foams. PFAS are persistent and widely distributed in the environment, including aquatic environments. In this study we examined the impact of PFAS chemicals on the physiological and behavioral endpoints of Lumbriculus variegatus (i.e., blackworms). Lumbriculus variegatus is a species of freshwater annelid worm that plays key roles in shallow freshwater ecosystems. At an environmentally relevant concentration of 1 μg/L, 12-day aqueous exposure to long chain PFAS, including PFOA, PFOS and PFDA, each markedly slowed the pulse rate of the dorsal blood vessel in L. variegatus, indicating a suppressive effect on blood circulation. The mean pulse rate was reduced from 9.6 beats/minute to 6.2 and 7.0 beats/min in PFOA and PFOS, respectively (P < 0.0001). Further, PFOA, PFOS and PFDA reduced the escape responsiveness of L. variegatus to physical stimulation. The percentage of worms showing normal escape behavior was reduced from 99.0% in control to 90.6% in the PFOS exposed group (P < 0.01). In a chronic (4 week) growth study, exposure to overlying water and sediment spiked with PFOA, PFOS or PFDA reduced the total biomass and the number of worms, indicating a suppressive effect on worm population growth. For instance, PFOA and PFDA reduced the total dry biomass by 26.3% and 28.5%, respectively, compared to the control (P < 0.05). The impact of PFAS on blackworm physiology is accompanied by an increase in lipid peroxidation. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and catalase, a major antioxidant enzyme, were markedly increased in PFOA, PFOS and PFDA exposed groups. Interestingly, exposure to PFHxA, a short chain PFAS, had no detectable effect on any of the measured endpoints. Our results demonstrate that L. variegatus is highly sensitive to the toxic impact of long chain PFAS chemicals as measured by multiple endpoints including blood circulation, behavior, and population growth. Such toxicity may have a detrimental impact on L. variegatus and the freshwater ecosystems where it resides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravikumar Jagani
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,USA
| | - Nigel Nwobodo
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jianyong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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38
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Sebastiano M, Jouanneau W, Blévin P, Angelier F, Parenteau C, Pallud M, Ribout C, Gernigon J, Lemesle JC, Robin F, Pardon P, Budzinski H, Labadie P, Chastel O. Physiological effects of PFAS exposure in seabird chicks: A multi-species study of thyroid hormone triiodothyronine, body condition and telomere length in South Western France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165920. [PMID: 37527721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure leads to the disruption of thyroid hormones including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), and may affect telomeres, repetitive nucleotide sequences which protect chromosome ends. Many seabird species are long-lived top predators thus exhibit high contaminant levels, and PFAS-disrupting effects on their physiology have been documented especially in relation to the endocrine system in adults. On the contrary, studies on the developmental period (i.e., chicks), during which exposure to environmental contaminants may have a greater impact on physiological traits, remain scarce to this date. We carried out a multi-species study with the aim to assess whether and to which extent chicks of four gull species (herring gull, great and lesser black-backed gull, yellow-legged gull) in South Western France are contaminated by PFAS, and to bring further evidence about their potential physiological consequences. Linear PFOS showed concentrations of concern as it was generally >10 times higher than the other PFAS, and exceeded a threshold toxicity level (calculated from previous studies in birds) in almost all sampled chicks. Nonetheless, in herring gull male chicks, total T3 levels were significantly and negatively associated with perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoDA) and positively associated with perfluorotetradecanoate (PFTeDA) in female chicks. Total T3 levels were also positively associated with PFDoDA in great black backed gull male chicks and with perfluorotridecanoate (PFTrDA) in lesser black backed gull chicks. In lesser and great black-backed gulls, both females and males showed significant negative associations between several PFAS and their body condition, and a positive association between telomere length and L-PFOS in the yellow-legged gull was also found. These results corroborate previous findings and need to be further explored as they suggest that PFAS may interfere with the physiological status of chicks during the developmental period, potentially inducing long-lasting consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sebastiano
- Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP32, 7 rue Cuvier, Paris, France; Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France.
| | - W Jouanneau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - P Blévin
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France; Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - F Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - C Parenteau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - M Pallud
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - C Ribout
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - J Gernigon
- Réserve Naturelle de Lilleau des Niges, 17880, France
| | - J C Lemesle
- Réserve Naturelle de Lilleau des Niges, 17880, France
| | - F Robin
- Réserve Naturelle de Lilleau des Niges, 17880, France; Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), 17300 Rochefort, France
| | - P Pardon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - H Budzinski
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - P Labadie
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - O Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
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Qin XD, Zhou Y, Bloom MS, Qian Z(M, Geiger SD, Vaughn MG, Chu C, Li QQ, Yang BY, Hu LW, Yu Y, Zeng XW, Dong GH. Prenatal Exposure to PFAS, Associations with Preterm Birth and Modification by Maternal Estrogen Levels: The Maoming Birth Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:117006. [PMID: 37962440 PMCID: PMC10644897 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogens play a critical role in parturition, and poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which have estrogenic effects, have been associated with preterm birth. However, the impact of estrogens on the association between PFAS and preterm birth is unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate if estrogens modified the association between PFAS and preterm birth, using a nested case-control study design. METHODS A total of 371 preterm births and 508 controls were selected from a birth cohort study in China between 2016 and 2018. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and its branched isomer, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and its branched isomer, and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were quantified in maternal serum (mean gestational age of 32 wk). Estradiol and estriol were quantified in cord serum. Preterm birth was defined as live delivery at < 37 gestational weeks. Causal mediation analysis was used to estimate the mediation and interaction effects of estrogen on the association between PFAS and preterm birth. Latent profile analysis was used to identify important estrogen profiles. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate associations between PFAS and preterm birth and interactions between PFAS and estrogens on preterm birth. RESULTS Overall, higher odds ratios (ORs) of preterm birth were associated with each 1 ln-unit PFAS increase: PFBA [1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14, 1.26], PFNA (1.30, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.39), PFOA (1.98, 95% CI: 1.54, 2.55), and PFOS (1.91, 95% CI: 1.76, 2.07) and its branched isomer (1.91, 95% CI: 1.90, 1.92). We detected statistically significant interactions between cord estradiol and PFAS on preterm birth, while no mediation effects of cord estrogen were observed. The ORs of PFOS (4.29, 95% CI: 1.31, 8.25), its branched isomer (6.71, 95% CI: 1.06, 11.91), and preterm birth were greater for participants with high cord estrogen levels than for participants with low cord estrogen levels. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that estrogen modified the association between maternal PFAS exposure and preterm birth. Further studies on maternal PFAS exposure and preterm birth, taking interaction effects of cord estrogens into account, are warranted. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11377.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Qin
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael S. Bloom
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhengmin (Min) Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah Dee Geiger
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael G. Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chu Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Wallace JS, Edirisinghe D, Seyedi S, Noteboom H, Blate M, Balci DD, Abu-Orf M, Sharp R, Brown J, Aga DS. Burning questions: Current practices and critical gaps in evaluating removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during pyrolysis treatments of biosolids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LETTERS 2023; 4:100079. [PMID: 37790729 PMCID: PMC10545407 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazl.2023.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Concerns surrounding potential health and environmental impacts of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are growing at tremendous rates because adverse health impacts are expected with trace-level exposures. Extreme measures are required to mitigate potential PFAS contamination and minimize exposures. Extensive PFAS use results in the release of diverse PFAS species from domestic, industrial, and municipal effluents to wastewater, which partition to biosolids throughout secondary treatment. Biosolids generated during municipal wastewater treatment are a major environmental source of PFAS due to prevailing disposal practices as fertilizers. Pyrolysis is emerging as a viable, scalable technology for PFAS removal from biosolids while retaining nutrients and generating renewable, raw materials for energy generation. Despite early successes of pyrolysis in PFAS removal, significant unknowns remain about PFAS and transformation product fates in pyrolysis products and emissions. Applicable PFAS sampling methods, analytical workflows, and removal assessments are currently limited to a subset of high-interest analytes and matrices. Further, analysis of exhaust gases, particulate matter, fly ashes, and other pyrolysis end-products remain largely unreported or limited due to cost and sampling limitations. This paper identifies critical knowledge gaps on the pyrolysis of biosolids that must be addressed to assess the effectiveness of PFAS removal during pyrolysis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo – The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo – The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Dulan Edirisinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo – The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Saba Seyedi
- Hazen and Sawyer, 498 Seventh Avenue, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Haley Noteboom
- Hazen and Sawyer, 498 Seventh Avenue, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Micah Blate
- Hazen and Sawyer, 498 Seventh Avenue, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Derya Dursun Balci
- Hazen and Sawyer, 498 Seventh Avenue, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Mohammad Abu-Orf
- Hazen and Sawyer, 498 Seventh Avenue, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Robert Sharp
- Hazen and Sawyer, 498 Seventh Avenue, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10018, USA
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY 10471, USA
| | - Jeanette Brown
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY 10471, USA
| | - Diana S. Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo – The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo – The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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41
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Lettoof DC, Nguyen TV, Richmond WR, Nice HE, Gagnon MM, Beale DJ. Bioaccumulation and metabolic impact of environmental PFAS residue on wild-caught urban wetland tiger snakes (Notechis scutatus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165260. [PMID: 37400030 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
PFAS contamination of urban waters is widespread but understanding the biological impact of its accumulation is limited to humans and common ecotoxicological model organisms. Here, we combine PFAS exposure and bioaccumulation patterns with whole organism responses and omics-based ecosurveillance methods to investigate the potential impacts of PFAS on a top predator of wetlands, the tiger snake (Notechis scutatus). Tiger snakes (18 male and 17 female) were collected from four wetlands with varying PFAS chemical profiles and concentrations in Perth, Western Australia. Tiger snake livers were tested for 28 known PFAS compounds, and Σ28PFAS in liver tissues ranged between 322 ± 193 μg/kg at the most contaminated site to 1.31 ± 0.86 μg/kg at the least contaminated site. The dominant PFAS compound detected in liver tissues was PFOS. Lower body condition was associated with higher liver PFAS, and male snakes showed signs of high bioaccumulation whereas females showed signs of maternal offloading. Biochemical profiles of snake muscle, fat (adipose tissue), and gonads were analysed using a combination of liquid chromatography triple quadrupole (QqQ) and quadrupole time-of-flight (QToF) mass spectrometry methodologies. Elevated PFAS was associated with enriched energy production and maintenance pathways in the muscle, and had weak associations with energy-related lipids in the fat tissue, and lipids associated with cellular genesis and spermatogenesis in the gonads. These findings demonstrate the bioavailability of urban wetland PFAS in higher-order reptilian predators and suggest a negative impact on snake health and metabolic processes. This research expands on omics-based ecosurveillance tools for informing mechanistic toxicology and contributes to our understanding of the impact of PFAS residue on wildlife health to improve risk management and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Lettoof
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Brand Drive, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia.
| | - T V Nguyen
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia; NTT Institute of High Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - W R Richmond
- Department of Water and Environmental Regulation, Government of Western Australia, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - H E Nice
- Department of Water and Environmental Regulation, Government of Western Australia, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - M M Gagnon
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Brand Drive, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - D J Beale
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia
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42
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Gkika IS, Xie G, van Gestel CAM, Ter Laak TL, Vonk JA, van Wezel AP, Kraak MHS. Research Priorities for the Environmental Risk Assessment of Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2302-2316. [PMID: 37589402 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) are a group of thousands of ubiquitously applied persistent industrial chemicals. The field of PFAS environmental research is developing rapidly, but suffers from substantial biases toward specific compounds, environmental compartments, and organisms. The aim of our study was therefore to highlight current developments and to identify knowledge gaps and subsequent research needs that would contribute to a comprehensive environmental risk assessment for PFAS. To this end, we consulted the open literature and databases and found that knowledge of the environmental fate of PFAS is based on the analysis of <1% of the compounds categorized as PFAS. Moreover, soils and suspended particulate matter remain largely understudied. The bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and food web transfer studies of PFAS also focus on a very limited number of compounds and are biased toward aquatic biota, predominantly fish, and less frequently aquatic invertebrates and macrophytes. The available ecotoxicity data revealed that only a few PFAS have been well studied for their environmental hazards, and that PFAS ecotoxicity data are also strongly biased toward aquatic organisms. Ecotoxicity studies in the terrestrial environment are needed, as well as chronic, multigenerational, and community ecotoxicity research, in light of the persistency and bioaccumulation of PFAS. Finally, we identified an urgent need to unravel the relationships among sorption, bioaccumulation, and ecotoxicity on the one hand and molecular descriptors of PFAS chemical structures and physicochemical properties on the other, to allow predictions of exposure, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2302-2316. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna S Gkika
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ge Xie
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L Ter Laak
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - J Arie Vonk
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie P van Wezel
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel H S Kraak
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Quan B, Tang J, Niu X, Su P, Zhang Z, Yang Y. Elaborating the Occurrence and Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Rivers and Sediment around a Typical Aging Landfill in China. TOXICS 2023; 11:852. [PMID: 37888702 PMCID: PMC10611052 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are bioaccumulative and widely distributed persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Understanding the distribution of and ecological risks posed by PFASs is critical, particularly for PFAS emissions and accumulation from a common urban pollution source. The transformation characteristics and ecological risks of PFASs from a typical aging municipal landfill leachate were systematically monitored and assessed over five years in this study. The results showed that the total PFAS concentrations (ΣPFASs) in the rivers were between 26.4 and 464.3 ng/L, whereas in sediment, ΣPFASs ranged from 9.5 to 58.5 ng/g (w/w). The presence of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the most prominent PFAS in both water (39.4-152.3 ng/L) and sediment (1.1-56.1 ng/g). In a five-year monitoring study, the concentration of PFASs in the aging landfill decreased by 23.3%, with higher mean concentrations observed during summer (307.6 ng/L) compared to winter (250.4 ng/L). As for the pollution distribution, the suspended particulate matter-water partition coefficient (log Kd) of carboxylic acid (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) ranged from 1.53 to 2.65, and from 1.77 to 2.82, respectively. PFSAs and long-chain PFCAs exhibited a greater propensity for sediment association compared to short-chain PFCAs. An ecological risk assessment of four typical PFASs, PFOA, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), utilizing the hazard quotient method revealed that the rivers surrounding the typical aging landfill exhibited a low contamination risk for PFOA, while no ecological risks were associated with the other three FPASs. This study contributes to an enhanced comprehension of the occurrence, distribution, and risk of PFASs in the rivers in rivers and sediment surrounding a typical aging landfill site in China, thereby providing crucial reference information for ensuring water quality safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxu Quan
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (B.Q.); (P.S.)
| | - Jiawei Tang
- National Institute of Low Carbon and Clean Energy, Beijing 102211, China
| | - Xiameng Niu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (B.Q.); (P.S.)
| | - Peidong Su
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (B.Q.); (P.S.)
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (B.Q.); (P.S.)
| | - Yitao Yang
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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44
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Hoskins TD, Flynn RW, Coogan GSM, Catlin AC, de Perre C, Modiri Gharehveran M, Choi YJ, Lee LS, Hoverman JT, Sepúlveda MS. Chronic Exposure to a PFAS Mixture Resembling AFFF-Impacted Surface Water Decreases Body Size in Northern Leopard Frogs ( Rana pipiens). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14797-14806. [PMID: 37608745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) occur in the environment as mixtures, yet mixture toxicity remains poorly understood. Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) are a common source of PFAS. Our objective was to examine chronic effects of a complex PFAS mixture on amphibian growth and development. We tested toxicity of a five-chemical PFAS mixture summing to 10 μg/L and that accounts for >90% of the PFAS in AFFF-affected surface waters: perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, 40%), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS, 30%), perflurooctanoic acid (PFOA, 12.5%), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA, 12.5%), and perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA, 5%). We also included treatments to determine whether PFOS drove mixture toxicity and whether PFOS and mixture components act additively. We exposed Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) larvae through metamorphosis (∼130 d) in outdoor mesocosms. After 21 days of exposure, the larval body condition fell ∼5% relative to controls in the 4 μg/L PFOS treatment and mixtures lacking PFOS. At metamorphosis, the full 5-component 10 μg/L PFAS mixture reduced mass by 16% relative to controls. We did not observe effects on development. Our results indicate that toxicity of PFOS and other PFAS mixtures typical of AFFF sites act additively and that PFOS is not more inherently toxic than other mixture components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Hoskins
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - R Wesley Flynn
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Grace S M Coogan
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ann C Catlin
- Information Technology at Purdue, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chloe de Perre
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Youn Jeong Choi
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Linda S Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jason T Hoverman
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Sustainability Research Center & PhD in Conservation Medicine, Life Sciences Faculty, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
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45
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Wilsey MK, Taseska T, Meng Z, Yu W, Müller AM. Advanced electrocatalytic redox processes for environmental remediation of halogenated organic water pollutants. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11895-11922. [PMID: 37740361 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03176d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds are widespread, and decades of heavy use have resulted in global bioaccumulation and contamination of the environment, including water sources. Here, we introduce the most common halogenated organic water pollutants, their classification by type of halogen (fluorine, chlorine, or bromine), important policies and regulations, main applications, and environmental and human health risks. Remediation techniques are outlined with particular emphasis on carbon-halogen bond strengths. Aqueous advanced redox processes are discussed, highlighting mechanistic details, including electrochemical oxidations and reductions of the water-oxygen system, and thermodynamic potentials, protonation states, and lifetimes of radicals and reactive oxygen species in aqueous electrolytes at different pH conditions. The state of the art of aqueous advanced redox processes for brominated, chlorinated, and fluorinated organic compounds is presented, along with reported mechanisms for aqueous destruction of select PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). Future research directions for aqueous electrocatalytic destruction of organohalogens are identified, emphasizing the crucial need for developing a quantitative mechanistic understanding of degradation pathways, the improvement of analytical detection methods for organohalogens and transient species during advanced redox processes, and the development of new catalysts and processes that are globally scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine K Wilsey
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
| | - Teona Taseska
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Ziyi Meng
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
| | - Wanqing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Astrid M Müller
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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46
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Manera M, Castaldelli G, Giari L. Perfluorooctanoic Acid Promotes Recruitment and Exocytosis of Rodlet Cells in the Renal Hematopoietic Tissue of Common Carp. TOXICS 2023; 11:831. [PMID: 37888682 PMCID: PMC10611324 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) being a prominent member. PFOA poses a risk to aquatic ecosystems and human health due to its presence in water, environmental persistence, and bioaccumulation. Since rodlet cells (RCs) have emerged as potential biomarkers for chemical stressors, this study aimed to investigate the effects of sub-chronic PFOA exposure on RCs in the renal hematopoietic tissue of common carp. Three groups of fish were used: an unexposed control group and two groups exposed to environmentally relevant (200 ng L-1) and elevated (2 mg L-1) PFOA concentrations. Light and transmission electron microscopy were employed to assess RCs' distribution patterns and exocytosis, while biometry quantified RCs in the hematopoietic tissue. The results showed that, even at environmentally relevant concentrations, PFOA significantly influenced RCs' distribution patterns, leading to increased occurrence and cluster formation, as well as heightened exocytosis activity. This research highlights PFOA's immunotoxicity in fish and suggests the potential of RCs as sentinel cells in the immunological response to environmental contaminants. These findings enhance our understanding of PFAS toxicity and emphasise the importance of monitoring their impact on fish as representative vertebrates and reliable animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Manera
- Department of Biosciences, Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, St. R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldelli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Luisa Giari
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.C.); (L.G.)
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47
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Peterson AK, Zhu Y, Fuller S, Feng J, Alexeeff S, Mitro SD, Kannan K, Robinson M, Padula A, Ferrara A. PFAS concentrations in early and mid-pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in a nested case-control study within the ethnically and racially diverse PETALS cohort. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:657. [PMID: 37704943 PMCID: PMC10500777 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic chemicals and are commonly found in everyday items. PFAS have been linked to disrupting glucose homeostasis, however, whether they are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk remains inconclusive. We examined prospective associations of PFAS concentrations measured twice in pregnancy with GDM risk. METHODS In the PETALS pregnancy cohort, a nested case-control study which included 41 GDM cases and 87 controls was conducted. PFAS analytes were measured in blood serum collected in both early and mid-pregnancy (mean [SD]: 13.9 [2.2] and 20.2 [2.2] gestational weeks, respectively), with cumulative exposure calculated by the area-under-the-curve (AUC) to integrate both the PFAS concentration and the timing of the exposure. Individual adjusted weighted unconditional logistic regression models examined seven PFAS in association with GDM risk. P-values were corrected using the false-discovery-rate (FDR). Mixture models were analyzed with Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). RESULTS PFDA, PFNA and PFOA were individually associated with higher GDM risk per interquartile range (IQR) in early pregnancy (OR [95% CI]: 1.23 [1.09, 1.38]), 1.40 [1.24, 1.58]), and 1.15 [1.04, 1.27], respectively), mid-pregnancy (1.28 [1.15, 1.43], 1.16 [1.05, 1.28], and 1.20 [1.09, 1.33], respectively), and with cumulative exposure (1.23 [1.09, 1.38], 1.21 [1.07, 1.37], and 1.19 [1.09, 1.31], respectively). PFOS in mid-pregnancy and with cumulative exposure was associated with increased GDM risk (1.41 [1.17, 1.71] and 1.33 [1.06, 1.58], respectively). PFUnDA in early pregnancy was associated with lower GDM risk (0.79 [0.64, 0.98]), whereas mid-pregnancy levels were associated with higher risk (1.49 [1.18, 1.89]). PFHxS was associated with decreased GDM risk in early and mid-pregnancy (0.48 [0.38, 0.60] and 0.48 [0.37, 0.63], respectively) and with cumulative exposure (0.49 [0.38,0.63]). PFPeA was not associated with GDM. Similar conclusions were observed in BKMR models; however, overall associations in these models were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Higher risk of GDM was consistently observed in association with PFDA, PFNA, and PFOA exposure in both early and mid-pregnancy. Results should be corroborated in larger population-based cohorts and individuals of reproductive age should potentially avoid known sources of PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Peterson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
- Center for Upstream Prevention of Adiposity and Diabetes Mellitus (UPSTREAM), Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
- Center for Upstream Prevention of Adiposity and Diabetes Mellitus (UPSTREAM), Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Sophia Fuller
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Juanran Feng
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Stacey Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Susanna D Mitro
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
- Center for Upstream Prevention of Adiposity and Diabetes Mellitus (UPSTREAM), Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, 145 East 32 Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Morgan Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, 145 East 32 Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Amy Padula
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, San Francisco, 94143 CA, USA
| | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
- Center for Upstream Prevention of Adiposity and Diabetes Mellitus (UPSTREAM), Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
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Schultz AA, Stanton N, Shelton B, Pomazal R, Lange MA, Irving R, Meiman J, Malecki KC. Biomonitoring of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) 2014-2016 and comparison with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:766-777. [PMID: 37580384 PMCID: PMC10804284 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a growing class of manufactured chemical compounds found in a variety of consumer products. PFAS are ubiquitous in the environment and were found in many humans sampled in the United States (U.S.). Yet, significant gaps in understanding statewide levels of exposure to PFAS remain. OBJECTIVE The goals of this study are to establish a baseline of exposure at the state level by measuring PFAS serum levels among a representative sample of Wisconsin residents and compare to United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS The study sample included 605 adults (18+ years of age) selected from the 2014-2016 sample of the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW). Thirty-eight PFAS serum concentrations were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS/MS) and geometric means were presented. Weighted geometric mean serum values of eight PFAS analytes from SHOW were compared to U.S. national levels from the NHANES 2015-2016 sample (PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, PFHpS, PFDA, PFUnDA), and the 2017-2018 sample for Me-PFOSA, PFHPS using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS PFOS, PFHxS, PFHpS, PFDA, PFNA, and PFOA were detected in over 96% of SHOW participants. In general, SHOW participants had lower serum levels across all PFAS when compared to NHANES. Serum levels increased with age and were higher among males and whites. Similar trends were seen in NHANES, except non-whites had higher PFAS levels at higher percentiles in NHANES. IMPACT STATEMENT The present study conducts biomonitoring of 38 PFAS among representative sample of residents in the state of Wisconsin. Results suggest that while the majority of Wisconsin residents tested have detectable levels of PFAS in their blood serum, they may have a lower body burden of some PFAS compared to a nationally representative sample. Older adults, males, and whites may have a higher body burden of PFAS relative to other groups, both in Wisconsin and the wider United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Schultz
- Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW), University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Noel Stanton
- Wisconsin State Lab of Hygiene (WSLH), Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Rachel Pomazal
- Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW), University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Roy Irving
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Kristen C Malecki
- Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW), University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
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Shittu AR, Iwaloye OF, Ojewole AE, Rabiu AG, Amechi MO, Herve OF. The effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on environmental and human microorganisms and their potential for bioremediation. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2023; 74:167-178. [PMID: 37791672 PMCID: PMC10549896 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Utilised in a variety of consumer products, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are major environmental contaminants that accumulate in living organisms due to their highly hydrophobic, lipophobic, heat-resistant, and non-biodegradable properties. This review summarizes their effects on microbial populations in soils, aquatic and biogeochemical systems, and the human microbiome. Specific microbes are insensitive to and even thrive with PFAS contamination, such as Escherichia coli and the Proteobacteria in soil and aquatic environments, while some bacterial species, such as Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi, are sensitive and drop in population. Some bacterial species, in turn, have shown success in PFAS bioremediation, such as Acidimicrobium sp. and Pseudomonas parafulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adenike R. Shittu
- Bowling Green State University College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Opeoluwa F. Iwaloye
- Bowling Green State University College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Akinloye E. Ojewole
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Akeem G. Rabiu
- University of Ibadan, Department of Microbiology, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Miracle O. Amechi
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ouambo F. Herve
- Chantal Biya International Reference Centre, Laboratory of Vaccinology, Yaounde, Cameroon
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50
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Jeong Y, Vyas K, Irudayaraj J. Toxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to microorganisms in confined hydrogel structures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 456:131672. [PMID: 37236111 PMCID: PMC10330869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as a group of environmentally persistent synthetic chemicals has been widely used in industrial and consumer products. Bioaccumulation studies have documented the adverse effects of PFAS in various living organisms. Despite the large number of studies, experimental approaches to evaluate the toxicity of PFAS on bacteria in a biofilm-like niche as structured microbial communities are sparse. This study suggests a facile approach to query the toxicity of PFOS and PFOA on bacteria (Escherichia coli K12 MG1655 strain) in a biofilm-like niche provided by hydrogel-based core-shell beads. Our study shows that E. coli MG1655 upon complete confinement in hydrogel beads exhibit altered physiological characteristics of viability, biomass, and protein expression, compared to their susceptible counterpart cultivated under planktonic conditions. We find that soft-hydrogel engineering platforms may provide a protective role for microorganisms from environmental contaminants, depending on the size or thickness of the protective/barrier layer. We expect our study to provide insights on the toxicity of environmental contaminants on organisms under encapsulated conditions that could potentially be useful for toxicity screening and in evaluating ecological risk of soil, plant, and mammalian microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Biomedical Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Khushali Vyas
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Biomedical Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA; Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Beckman Institute, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Urbana, IL, USA.
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